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JP5474996B2 - 可撓性アクチュエータを備えた外科用器具のための回転連結装置 - Google Patents

可撓性アクチュエータを備えた外科用器具のための回転連結装置

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JP5474996B2
JP5474996B2 JP2011537559A JP2011537559A JP5474996B2 JP 5474996 B2 JP5474996 B2 JP 5474996B2 JP 2011537559 A JP2011537559 A JP 2011537559A JP 2011537559 A JP2011537559 A JP 2011537559A JP 5474996 B2 JP5474996 B2 JP 5474996B2
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end effector
coupled
elongate
coupler
actuator
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コンロン・ショーン・ピー
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C1/00Flexible shafts; Mechanical means for transmitting movement in a flexible sheathing
    • F16C1/10Means for transmitting linear movement in a flexible sheathing, e.g. "Bowden-mechanisms"
    • F16C1/101Intermediate connectors for joining portions of split flexible shafts and/or sheathings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H19/00Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/02Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H19/06Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00371Multiple actuation, e.g. pushing of two buttons, or two working tips becoming operational
    • A61B2017/0038Simultaneous actuation of two tools by pushing one button or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00477Coupling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • A61B2017/2929Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2938Independently actuatable jaw members, e.g. two actuating rods
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2316/00Apparatus in health or amusement
    • F16C2316/10Apparatus in health or amusement in medical appliances, e.g. in diagnosis, dentistry, instruments, prostheses, medical imaging appliances
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H19/00Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/02Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H19/06Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising flexible members, e.g. an endless flexible member
    • F16H2019/0695Generating pivoting movement of a joint

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

本発明は一般に、外科用装置の作業末端部の動作を制御するための方法及び装置に関する。
腹腔鏡外科的処置では、身体に小さな切開部が作られ、その切開部に外科用装置の細長いシャフトを挿入して、シャフトの遠位端が手術部位に位置決めされる。内視鏡処置では、外科用装置の細長いシャフトが、口や肛門等の自然な開口部に挿入され経路に沿って進められて、装置の遠位端が手術部位に位置決めされる。内視鏡処置は、一般に、身体管腔の屈曲した経路に適応するために可撓性シャフトの使用を必要とし、それに対して腹腔鏡処置では剛性シャフトを使用することができる。これらのツールを使用して、診断又は治療効果を達成するために、多くの方法で組織と係合し及び/又はその組織を処置することができる。
現在の多数の腹腔鏡及び内視鏡装置は、器具の作業末端部の配向の更なる制御を使用者に提供するために、関節運動エフェクタを使用している。腹腔装置又は内視鏡装置の作業末端部の関節運動及び作動の制御を一体化することは、作業末端部が通過する比較的小さい経路によるサイズの制約により複雑化する傾向がある。内視鏡装置に対する制御は、シャフトの可撓性によって更に複雑化する。一般に、制御運動は、全て、シャフトを介した長手方向の平行移動として移動され、この平行移動は、シャフトの可撓性を妨げる場合がある。作業末端部を関節運動及び/又は作動させるのに必要な力を、全部又は大部分の外科医が取り扱えるレベルに低下させる要望も存在する。発射のための力(force-to-fire)を低下させる1つの公知の解決法は、電気モーターを使用することである。しかしながら、外科医は一般に、エンドエフェクタの適切な操作を確実にするために、作業末端部からのフィードバックを経験することを好む。使用者−フィードバック効果は、現在のモーター駆動装置では適切に実現することができない。
その開示全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれるRudolph H.Nobis等に付与された2006年12月14日出願の米国特許出願公開第2008/0147113 A1号、シリアル番号11/610,803号には、ハンドルから細長いチューブを通して、チューブの遠位端に操作可能に結合されたエンドエフェクタに延びる1つ以上のワイヤを操作することにより作動され得る様々な手動関節運動外科用器具が開示されている。これらの装置の様々な実施形態は、装置の長手方向軸線に対して選択的に回転することもできるエンドエフェクタを採用している。回転された際、作動ワイヤは、作動ワイヤの誤作動を回避するようにも回転する。
したがって、ワイヤ等の可撓性又は半可撓性部材により作動される外科用器具用の改良された回転連結具構成が尚必要とされている。
上述の議論は、本発明の分野にその当時に存在した欠点のいくつかを説明することのみを意図したものであり、特許請求の範囲を否定するものとみなされるべきではない。
外科用装置の作業末端部の動作を制御するための方法及び装置を提供する。一実施形態では、細長い軸線を画定する実質的に中空の細長いシャフトを有する外科用装置を提供する。エンドエフェクタは、細長いシャフトの遠位端に操作可能に結合されて、細長いシャフトに対して選択的に枢動及び回転移動することができる。エンドエフェクタは、エンドエフェクタ上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有してもよく、作動機構は、作動機構に軸線方向の作動運動を付与することにより作動可能である。関節アクチュエータは、エンドエフェクタと操作可能に接続してエンドエフェクタに軸線方向の関節運動を付与し、それによりエンドエフェクタを細長いシャフトの遠位端に対して枢動させ、またエンドエフェクタに回転運動を選択的に付与してエンドエフェクタを細長い軸線を中心として細長いシャフトの遠位端に対して回転させる。第1の入力アクチュエータは、軸線方向の作動運動を移動させるよう提供されてもよい。様々な実施形態は、駆動カプラを含む回転連結具を更に備え、前記駆動カプラは、実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの一部分内に動作可能に支持され、第1の入力アクチュエータの遠位端にも結合されて第1の入力アクチュエータからの軸線方向の作動運動を受容する。実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの一部分内に遊びカプラが可動に支持され、遊びカプラは、駆動カプラに回転可能に連結されて、細長い軸線を中心として駆動カプラに対して回転し得る。遊びカプラは更に、作動軸線に沿った駆動カプラで軸線方向に移動するよう構成されていてもよい。少なくとも1つの第2の入力アクチュエータがエンドエフェクタ上の遊びカプラ及び作動機構に連結されてもよく、それにより第2の入力アクチュエータは回転連結具からの軸線方向の作動運動をエンドエフェクタの少なくとも1つの作動機構に移動させる。3バーリンク装置の近位端が細長いシャフトの遠位端に連結されてもよく、この3バーリンク装置の遠位端はエンドエフェクタに連結されてもよい。エンドエフェクタは、例えば捕捉器具、生検プローブ、スネアループ、鉗子、鋏、針ナイフ、括約筋切開刀等であってもよい。使用時、3バーリンク装置は細長いシャフトの長手方向軸線に対して側方に関節運動して、エンドエフェクタが細長いシャフトに対して角度配向されることを可能にするよう適合されている。
本発明の別の実施形態によれば、細長い軸線を画定する実質的に中空の細長いシャフトを備える外科用装置を提供する。エンドエフェクタは、細長いシャフトの遠位端に操作可能に結合されて、前記細長いシャフトに対して選択的に枢動及び回転移動する。エンドエフェクタは、エンドエフェクタ上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有してもよく、前記作動機構は、軸線方向の少なくとも1つの作動運動を作動機構に付与することにより作動可能である。関節アクチュエータは、エンドエフェクタと操作可能に接続してエンドエフェクタに軸線方向の関節運動を付与し、それによりエンドエフェクタを細長いシャフトの遠位端に対して枢動させ、エンドエフェクタに回転運動を選択的に付与してエンドエフェクタを細長い軸線を中心として前記細長いシャフトの遠位端に対して回転させる。第1の入力アクチュエータはハンドルアセンブリから延びて、少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を移動させてもよい。本実施形態は、近位管状部材を有する回転連結具を更に含んでもよく、近位環状部材は、中空の細長いシャフト内に回転可能に支持され、第1の入力アクチュエータに連結されて、第1の入力アクチュエータからの少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を受容する。遠位管状部材は中空の細長いシャフト内に回転可能に支持され、近位管状部材に連結されて、近位管状部材と共に軸線方向に移動し、それにより遠位管状部材は、近位管状部材に対して回転することができる。少なくとも1つの第2の入力アクチュエータがエンドエフェクタ上の遠位管状部材及び作動機構に連結されてもよく、それにより第2の入力アクチュエータは、第2の入力アクチュエータに付与された少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動をエンドエフェクタの少なくとも1つの作動機構に移動させる。
本発明の別の特徴に関連して、細長いシャフトに可動に連結された外科用装置用の様々な回転連結具を提供し、外科用装置は、外科用装置上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有し、作動機構は、アクチュエータからの少なくとも1つの作動運動の付与により作動可能であり、また、外科用装置は、他の1つのアクチュエータからの他の作動運動の付与により細長いシャフトに対して関節運動可能かつ回転可能である。回転連結具の様々な実施形態は、アクチュエータに結合されて、アクチュエータからの少なくとも1つの作動運動を受容する駆動部材を含む。遊び部材が駆動部材に回転可能に結合されて、長手方向軸線を中心として駆動部材に対して選択的に回転し、駆動部材と共にユニットとして軸線方向に動くように構成されている。駆動部材及び遊び部材は、駆動部材及び遊び部材内に他のアクチュエータの一部分を可動に支持してもよい。遊び部材と外科用装置とに出力部材が結合して、遊び部材からの少なくとも1つの作動運動を外科用装置に移動させてもよい。
本明細書に組み込まれると共に本明細書の一部をなす添付の図面は、本発明の実施形態を示すものであり、上記の本発明の一般的説明、及び以下の実施形態の詳細な説明と共に、本発明の原理を説明するのに役立つものである。
本発明の実施形態の様々な回転連結具が使用され得る、エンドエフェクタと細長いシャフトの一部との側面図。 エンドエフェクタが関節運動位置にて示される、図1のエンドエフェクタ及び細長いシャフトの断面図。 図2のエンドエフェクタの一部の拡大断面図。 本発明の様々な実施形態と関連して採用され得るハンドルアセンブリの実施形態の斜視図。 図3のハンドルアセンブリの拡大図。 図3及び4のハンドルアセンブリの一部の図。 図3〜5のハンドルアセンブリの別の一部の図。 本発明の実施形態の別の回転連結具を使用する、別のエンドエフェクタ及び細長いシャフトの断面図。
本願で開示する装置及び方法の構造、機能、製造、及び使用の原理が総括的に理解されるように、特定の例示的実施形態について、これから説明することにする。これらの実施形態の1つ以上の実施例を添付の図面に示す。本明細書で詳細に説明し、添付の図面に示す装置及び方法は、非限定的な例示的実施形態であること、並びに、本発明の各種の実施形態の範囲は、特許請求の範囲によってのみ定義されることは、当業者には理解されよう。ある例示的実施形態に関連して例示又は説明される特徴は、他の実施形態の特徴と組み合わされてもよい。そのような修正及び変形は、本発明の範囲に含まれることを意図したものである。
本発明は一般に、外科用装置の作業末端部の動作を制御するための、より詳細には、例えばワイヤ等の可撓性又は半可撓性部材を用いて装置の細長いシャフトに対して関節運動することができるエンドエフェクタを有する器具を使用して、様々な外科治療を行うための方法及び装置を提供する。以下により詳細に記載するように、作動ワイヤに悪影響を与えずにエンドエフェクタの回転を可能にする、唯一かつ新規な連結具構成を有する様々な実施形態を提供する。エンドエフェクタの関節運動及び回転は、外科治療中にエンドエフェクタを様々な位置に配置することを可能にして、使用者にエンドエフェクタに関する正確な制御を提供するであろう。当業者は、本発明が内視鏡治療、腹腔鏡治療及びロボット補助手術を含む従来の開放外科治療において用途を有することを認識するであろう。
用語「近位」及び「遠位」は本明細書において、外科用器具のハンドル部分を操作する臨床医に対して使用されることが理解される。「近位」という用語は、臨床医に最も近い部分を指し、「遠位」という用語は、臨床医から離れた位置にある部分を指す。便宜のため、また明確にするために、「垂直」、「水平」、「上」、「下」等、空間に関する用語は、本明細書において、図面を基準にして用いられ得ることが更に理解されよう。しかしながら、外科用器具は、多くの向き及び位置で使用されるものであり、これらの用語は、限定的及び/又は絶対的であることを意図したものではない。
図1及び2は、手動で関節運動可能な外科用装置の挿入部分10の例示的な一実施形態を示す。挿入部分10は、患者の身体内に挿入されるよう構成されていることが好ましく、腹腔鏡用途のために剛性を有し、又は内視鏡用途のために可撓性を有し、又は所望し得るように剛性及び可撓性の両方を有してもよい。図示するように、挿入部分10は実質的に中空の細長いシャフト12を含んでもよく、細長いシャフト12は、細長いシャフト12の遠位端12bに3バーリンク装置16により結合された作業末端部、即ちエンドエフェクタ14を有する。図2を参照されたい。エンドエフェクタ14は様々な形態を有し得るが、以下により詳細に記載するように、図示した実施形態ではエンドエフェクタ14は、例えば、互いに枢動可能に結合された対向する顎部18a、18b等の「作動機構」を有する把持器の形態を有する。本明細書で使用されるとき、用語「作動機構」は、その作動機構に1つ以上の作動運動が付与された場合に操作可能である、又は所望の機能を別様に実行する、可動な又は別様に作動可能なエンドエフェクタの部材、器具、部分を指す。そのような作動機構としては、把持器顎部、生検鉗子、組織貫通スパイク、スネアループ、鋏、針ナイフ、括約筋切開刀等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。本明細書の詳細な説明が進むにつれて、当業者は、本発明の様々な実施形態が、異なる多様なエンドエフェクタ形態と共に有効かつ有利に使用され得ることを容易に認識するであろう。したがって、本発明の様々な実施形態に付与される保護は、特定の作動機構を採用する特定のエンドエフェクタに限定されるべきではない。
3バーリンク装置16は、エンドエフェクタ14を細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して一定の角度に配向させる。装置は、場合により、エンドエフェクタ14を細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lを中心として長手方向軸線L−Lに対して回転させるよう構成されていてもよい。図示した実施形態では、3バーリンク装置16は細長いシャフト12の遠位端12bに対して回転可能に結合され、かくして3バーリンク装置16と、リンク装置16に結合されたエンドエフェクタ14とは、様々な軸線方向の配向にて位置することができる関節接合部Aの近位方向の回転接合部Rの位置は、エンドエフェクタ14が関節運動する平面の位置をエンドエフェクタ14の回転が変更し得ることから特に有利である。
3バーリンク装置16は多様な形態を有し得るが、例示的な実施形態では、図2により詳細に示すように、3バーリンク装置16は互いに対して可動に結合された3つのリンク20、22、24を含む。各リンクは多様な形態を有し得るが、例示的な実施形態では、第1のリンク20及び第2のリンク22は、それぞれ概ね中空の細長い形状を有し、第3のリンク24は細長いロッド又はバーの形態を有する。第1のリンク20は、以下により詳細に説明する第1の回転連結具26及び第2の回転連結具28を介して、細長いシャフト12の遠位端12bに結合された近位端20aを有してもよい。第1のリンク20の遠位端20bは、第2のリンク22の近位端22aに、例えば枢動接合部により可動に結合されていてもよい。第2のリンク22の遠位端22bは次にエンドエフェクタ14に結合されて、3バーリンク装置16によりエンドエフェクタ14が操作され得る。第3のリンク24は第1のリンク20及び第2のリンク22を少なくとも部分的に貫通して延び、また例えば枢動ピンにより第2のリンク22に枢動可能に結合して3バーリンク装置16を形成する遠位端24bを有してもよい。第3のリンク24が第2のリンク22に噛み合う特定の位置は変動してもよいが、第3のリンク24が第2のリンク22に力を付与して、第2のリンク22が第1のリンク20に対して関節運動できる位置にて枢動可能に噛み合うことが好ましい。第3のリンク24の近位端は関節連結具34に結合されていてもよく、関節連結具34は、細長いシャフト12を通って、第1のリンク20を少なくとも部分的に通って延びる関節アクチュエータ30に結合されている。
関節アクチュエータ30は多様な形態を有し得るが、例示的な実施形態では、関節アクチュエータ30は例えばステンレス鋼、ニッケル−チタン合金(Nitinol(登録商標))等から製作された「半可撓性」部材又はワイヤを含む。本明細書で使用されるとき、用語「半可撓性」は、所望の歪み内で十分な可撓性を有し得る構成成分を意味し、ピット永久変形(pit permanent deformation)も所望の負荷伝達において許容できる剛性を供給する。図2から理解し得るように、関節連結具34は、関節アクチュエータ30に取り付けられ、第3のリンク24に対して枢動可能に取り付けられた、管状部材を含んでもよい。様々な実施形態において、例えば関節アクチュエータ30は、関節連結具34に、例えば溶接、接着、スウェージング、圧印加工、圧着等により取り付けられてもよい。
使用時、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して、かつ前記軸L−Lに沿った、近位方向の動作は、近位方向に指向された力を第3のリンク24に付与するであろう。かくして、第3のリンク24は近位方向に指向された力を第2のリンク22に付与し、第2のリンク22を細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して側方に枢動させるであろう。その結果、図2に示すように、エンドエフェクタ14が結合された第2のリンク22は単一平面内で側方に動き、それによりエンドエフェクタ14は、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して一定の角度で延びることができるであろう。エンドエフェクタ14は、関節アクチュエータ30を細長いシャフト12に対して遠位方向に動作させることにより、図1に示した元の長手方向に整合された位置に戻ることができる。
前述したように、エンドエフェクタ14は関節運動に加えて細長いシャフト12に対して回転するようにも構成され、それによりエンドエフェクタ14は多数の角度配向にて位置することができる。回転接合部Rの特定の位置は変動してもよく、3バーリンク装置16の近位方向に、又は3バーリンク装置16の中央部分に、又は3バーリンク装置16の遠位方向に、位置してもよい。例示的な一実施形態では、回転接合部Rは3バーリンク装置16の近位方向に、より好ましくは、第1のリンク20と第2のリンク22との間に形成された関節接合部Aの近位方向に、位置する。図2及び2Aに示すように、第1のリンク20は1つ以上の回転連結具により細長いシャフト12の遠位端12bに回転可能に結合されてもよい。
図示した実施形態は、第1の回転連結具26及び第2の回転連結具28を含む。回転連結具28は連結スリーブ490に固着(例えば溶接、接着等)されてもよい。第1の回転連結具26は概ね細長い中空の形状を有し、細長いシャフト12に固定的に噛み合った近位端26aと、第1の回転連結具26の周囲に形成された逸脱可能なタブ26cを有する遠位端26bと、を含む。タブ26cは、第1の回転連結具26の遠位端26b内に形成され、遠位端26bの周囲において径方向に離間した、長手方向に延びる切り抜き(cut-out)により形成されてもよい。各タブ26cは、タブ26cの内側表面に形成された環状のフランジ又はリップを含んでもよい。第2の回転連結具26は、タブ26cを連結スリーブ492上の保持フランジ492の上に前進させることにより連結スリーブ490上に回転可能に支持されてもよい。タブ26cは、タブ26c上の環状のフランジ又はリップが連結スリーブ490内に延びて、スリーブ490上に形成された溝494に係合するまで逸らされるであろう。細長いシャフト12は、溶接、接着剤等により、第1の回転連結具26に固着されてもよい。このような構成は、第1の回転連結具26及び細長いシャフト12が、連結スリーブ490の周囲を回転することを可能にする。
また図2及び2Aから理解し得るように、第1のリンク20の近位端20aは第2の回転連結具28の遠位端28b上に延びて、第1のリンク20が遠位端28に対して回転することを可能にする。細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lを中心とした、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対する関節アクチュエータ30の回転は、関節連結具34及び第3のリンク24を回転させ、第3のリンク24は第2のリンク22に結合され、第2のリンク22は次にエンドエフェクタ14及び第1のリンク20に結合される。その結果、3バーリンク装置16の全体がエンドエフェクタ14と共に、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lを中心として、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して回転するであろう。回転はエンドエフェクタ14が関節運動されている間にも行われて、エンドエフェクタ14が関節運動する平面を変化させることができる。
本発明の様々な実施形態は、更に第3の回転連結具500を含んでもよい。第3の回転連結具500は、細長いシャフト12と連結スリーブ490の一部分との内部にて軸線方向に、かつ回転可能に可動な駆動カプラ510を含んでもよい。駆動カプラ510の遠位端510aに遊びカプラ520が図2及び2Aに示す様式で回転可能に結合され、それにより駆動カプラ510と遊びカプラ520とは互いに対して回転し、更に細長いシャフト12内でユニットとして軸線方向に動くことができる。駆動カプラ510は、内部を延びる軸線方向の孔512を有し、その孔を通して関節アクチュエータ30の一部分が可動かつ回転可能に延びる。同様に、遊びカプラ520は、内部を延びる軸線方向の孔522を有し、その孔を通して関節アクチュエータ30の一部分が可動かつ回転可能に延びる。したがって、関節アクチュエータ30の作動は、連結具500により妨害されない。
また様々な実施形態では、「第1の」入力アクチュエータ530が駆動カプラ510に取り付けられている。入力アクチュエータ530は、例えば、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル−チタン合金(Nitinol(登録商標))等から製造されてもよい「半可撓性」部材又はワイヤを含んでもよい。同様に、例えばステンレス鋼、ニッケル−チタン合金(Nitinol(登録商標))等から製造されてもよい「半可撓性」部材又はワイヤを含んでもよい出力アクチュエータ540が、遊びカプラ520と、エンドエフェクタ14内の作動プッシャ44とに取り付けられている。
上述したように、装置のエンドエフェクタ14は様々な形態を有し得るが、図1及び2に示した実施形態では、エンドエフェクタ14は対向顎部18a、18bを有する把持器の形態を有する。顎部18aは、組織を把持するための一連の歯37が上部に形成されていてもよい遠位部分36bと、作動リンク40に枢動可能に噛み合う近位部分36aとを含む。図1を参照されたい。顎部18bは、組織を把持するための一連の歯39が上部に形成されていてもよい遠位部分38bと、作動リンク42に枢動可能に噛み合う近位部分38aとを含む。顎部18a、18bは、近位部分36a、38aと遠位部分36b、38bとの間に位置する枢動点Pにおいて互いに枢動可能に噛み合うことが可能である。各作動リンク40、42の近位端は作動プッシャ44に枢動可能に噛み合うことが可能で、プッシャ44は、第2のリンク22の遠位部分内に形成された対向するスロット内に、及びそのスロット間に摺動可能に配置されてもよい。このような形態は第2のリンク22に対する作動プッシャ44の独立した回転を防止するであろう。図2にて見られるように、第2のリンク24の遠位端24bは、リンク22に枢動可能に結合(ピン留め)されている。
使用時、入力アクチュエータ530の細長いシャフト12に対する近位方向の動作は、駆動カプラ510と遊びカプラ520とを連結スリーブ490内で近位方向「PD」に牽引するであろう。遊びカプラ520の近位方向「PD」の動作により、作動プッシャ44も第2のリンク22内に形成されたスロット内で動く。かくして、作動リンク40、42は近位方向「PD」に牽引されて、各顎部18a、18bの近位部分36a、38a及び遠位部分36b、38bを互いに向かって移動させ、顎部18a、18bを閉鎖するであろう。反対に、入力アクチュエータ530の遠位動作により、駆動カプラ510と遊びカプラ520とは遠位方向に動き、第2のリンク22内に形成されたスロット内で作動プッシャ44も遠位方向に動かす。そのような動作により、リンク40、42と顎部18a、18bの近位部分36a、38a及び遠位部分36b、38bとが側方外側に枢動して、顎部18a、18bが開放するであろう。
以前示したように、装置は、細長いシャフト12の近位端に結合され、装置を制御及び操作するための様々な制御装置が上部に形成されたハンドルアセンブリ50も備え得る。当業者は、ハンドルの特定の形態は変動してもよく、様々な公知の技術を使用して装置の様々な部分の動作を達成できることを認識するであろう。図3〜5は、図1及び2に示した装置の挿入部分10と共に使用するためのハンドル50の例示的な一実施形態を示す。図示するように、ハンドル50は概ね細長い円筒の形態を有して、ハンドル50の把持を容易にする。ハンドルハウジング52は、統合若しくは一体化された形態を有してもよく、又は一緒に噛み合って内部に様々な構成要素を封入する2つのハウジング半体52a、52bから形成されてもよい。ハウジング半体52a、52bは図4にされており、ボルト53とナット55とで取り外し可能に一緒に取り付けられてもよい。ハンドルハウジング52内に配置される様々な構成要素も変動してもよいが、例示的な実施形態では、ハンドルアセンブリ50は、エンドエフェクタ14を関節運動及び回転させる関節ノブ54と、エンドエフェクタ14を作動させる作動ノブ56とを含む。
関節ノブ54は、概ね円筒の形態を有してもよい。ノブ54は統合若しくは一体化された形態を有してもよく、又は図示するように、ボルト57とナット59とで一緒に結合され得る2つの半体54a、54bから形成されてもよい。関節アクチュエータ30を関節ノブ54に固着させるために様々な技術を使用できるが、例示的な実施形態では、関節ノブ54は、ノブ54内に固定的に配置されて、ノブ半体54aと54bとの間に係合された、車軸58を含む。関節アクチュエータ30は車軸58の内側ルーメンを通って延びて、車軸59に固着されている。関節アクチュエータ30を車軸58に固着させるために、例えば締まり嵌め若しくは圧縮嵌め、接着剤、又は当技術分野にて公知の他の機械的若しくは化学的嵌合技術を含む様々な固締技術を使用することができる。関節アクチュエータ30の近位端30aは、前述したように、ノブ54の回転及び平行移動がアクチュエータ30の対応する回転及び平行移動を生じ、それによりエンドエフェクタ14が回転及び関節運動するようにノブ54と噛み合い得る。
様々な実施形態において、ハンドルハウジング52は、内部に形成された細長いキャビティ52cを含んでもよく、キャビティ52cは、キャビティ52内にノブの一部分を摺動可能かつ回転可能に受容するように構成されている。ハンドルハウジング52は、ハウジング52内に形成された1つ以上の切り抜き60も含んで、使用者によるノブへの接近を可能にし得る。図3は、ハンドルハウジング52内に形成された対向する切り抜き52d、52eを示す。関節ノブ54は、前記ノブ54の動作を容易にする機構も含み得る。例えば、関節ノブ54はノブ54の外部表面上に形成された1つ以上の表面機構を含んで、使用者がノブをより容易に把持することを可能にし得る。図示した実施形態では、ノブ54は、ノブ54の一部分上に形成された長手方向に向けられている一連の歯54tを含む。様々な実施形態において、関節ノブ54は、図示するように、ノブ54内に形成された軸線方向に離間した2つの環状の溝62及び64を有してもよい。詳細には、関節ノブ54がその最も遠位の位置に動いた際、環状の溝62は溝62内に止めねじ70を選択的に受容するよう配置される。同様に、関節ノブ54がその最も近位の位置にある際、環状の溝64は溝64内に止めねじ70を選択的に受容するよう配置される。かくして、止めねじ70を使用することにより、外科医は装置を関節運動した所望の位置にロックすることができる。
使用時、関節ノブ54は使用者により把持され、ノブ54の長手方向軸線を中心として(即ち、シャフト12及びハンドル50の長手方向軸線L−Lを中心として)回転されてもよい。ノブ54の回転は、車軸58及び関節アクチュエータ30の対応する回転を引き起こすであろう。関節アクチュエータ30は関節ノブ54に結合されていないため、ノブ54の作動による影響を受けない。前述したように、関節アクチュエータ30の回転は、3バーリンク装置16及びエンドエフェクタ14の対応する回転を引き起こすであろう。関節ノブ54はまた、長手方向軸線L−Lに沿って、及びハンドルハウジング52内に形成された細長いキャビティ52c内で、長手方向に動く又は平行移動され得る。ハンドルハウジング52内での関節ノブ54の近位方向の動作は関節アクチュエータ30を近位方向「PD」に牽引し、それにより前述したように、エンドエフェクタ14を関節運動させるであろう。ハンドルハウジング52内での関節ノブ54の遠位動作は、次に関節アクチュエータ30を遠位方向に動かし、それによりエンドエフェクタ14を長手方向に整合された元の位置に戻すであろう。
上述したように、装置はエンドエフェクタ14上の作動機構を作動させる(即ち、発射、開放及び閉鎖、電圧の印加(energize)等)ための作動ノブ56も備え得る。作動ノブ56は多様な形態を有してもよいが、図示した実施形態では、ノブ56はバーベル形状を有する。ノブ56は統合若しくは一体化された形態を有してもよく、又は図4に示すように、一緒に合わされる2つの半体56a、56bから形成されてもよい。入力アクチュエータ530の近位端530aは、前述したように、ノブ56の平行移動が入力アクチュエータ530の対応する平行移動を引き起こし、それによりエンドエフェクタ14を作動させるように作動ノブ56に固着されてもよい。図示した実施形態では、入力アクチュエータ530の近位端530aは、例えば、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許公開第2008/0147133A1号に記載されているような、近位端530a内に形成された、作動ノブ56と合わさるための屈曲532を有してもよい。近位端530aは支持部材534内に摺動可能に支持されてもよく、支持部材534は、ハンドル60のシャフト部分62内に形成されたスロット538内に摺動可能に受容されている。入力アクチュエータ530はまた、入力アクチュエータ530が車軸58内で軸線方向に摺動し得るように車軸58内を通過し、車軸58は入力アクチュエータ530の周囲を自由に回転してもよい。
作動ノブ56はハンドルハウジング52の細長いシャフト部分62の周囲に摺動可能に配置されている。使用時、ノブ56は使用者により把持され、ハンドルハウジング52のシャフト部分62に沿って平行移動されてもよい。シャフト部分62に沿った作動ノブ56の近位方向への動作は入力アクチュエータ530を近位方向に牽引して、前述したようにエンドエフェクタ12の顎部18a、18bを開放するであろう。シャフト部分62に沿った作動ノブ56の遠位方向への動作は、次に入力アクチュエータ530を遠位方向に動かして、顎部18a、18bを閉鎖位置に動作かすであろう。当業者は、本発明の独自の新規な第3の回転カプラ500により、アクチュエータ30、530、540が独立して操作されると共に、エンドエフェクタが関節運動され、回転され、及び/又は作動される際に、アクチュエータの異常な捻れ/引っかかりを避けることができることを認識するであろう。
図7に、本発明の他の1つの回転カプラの実施形態600を示す。図から理解し得るように、回転カプラ600は外側シース620内に支持されたカプラハウジング610を含んでもよく、外側シース620は中空の細長いシャフト12内に支持されている。連結ハウジング610は例えばステンレス鋼等から製作されてもよく、溶接、接着、スウェージング、圧印加工、圧着等により一緒に結合され得る2つの接合片(mating piece)で提供されてもよい。外側シース620は、例えばステンレス鋼等から製作されてもよい。様々な実施形態では、連結ハウジング610は、ハウジング610内に形成された、中心に配置された円筒形の開口部612と、ハウジング610を通って延びる軸線方向の通路614と、を有する。フランジ末端部632を有する近位管状部材630は、図示するように連結ハウジング610内に装着されている。同様に、フランジ末端部642を有する遠位管状部材640も、図示するように連結ハウジング610内に装着されている。管状部材630、640は、例えばステンレス鋼等から製作されてもよい。管状部材630、640は、以下で更に検討するように、軸L−Lを中心として連結ハウジング610に対して軸線方向に回転する寸法を有する。
図7から更に理解し得るように、近位管状部材630は、内部を通る軸線方向の通路634を有し、遠位管状部材640は、内部に通路644を有する。連結ハウジング610内に装着された際、通路634及び644は同軸上に整合されてカプラを通した通路650を形成し、通路650内にアクチュエータ部材570を操作可能に受容し、それにより作動部材570は通路650内を自由に軸線方向に動いて、通路650内で回転することができる。作動部材570は、例えばステンレス鋼、ニッケル−チタン合金(Nitinol(登録商標))等を含んでもよい。装置は、上述した型のハンドル部材を有してもよく、それにより作動部材570の近位端が上述した様式で作動ノブ56に結合する。作動部材570の遠位端570bは、上述した様式で作動プッシャ44に結合されていてもよい。使用時、細長いシャフト12に対する作動部材570の近位方向の動作が、作動プッシャ44を第2のリンク22内に形成されたスロット内で近位方向「PD」に牽引するであろう。かくして、作動リンク40、42は近位方向「PD」に牽引されて、各顎部18a、18bの近位部分36a、38a及び遠位部分36b、38bを互いに向かって移動させ、顎部18a、18bを閉鎖するであろう。反対に、作動部材570の遠位動作により、作動プッシャ44も第2のリンク22内に形成されたスロット内で遠位方向に動き、それによりリンク40、42と顎部18a、18bの近位部分36a、38a及び遠位部分36b、38bとが側方外側へ枢動して顎部18a、18bが開放するであろう。
また様々な実施形態において、入力関節部材730が近位管状部材630の近位端に不動に固着されている。入力関節部材730は、例えばステンレス鋼、ニッケル−チタン合金(Nitinol(登録商標))等を含んでもよく、例えば溶接、接着、スウェージング、圧印加工、圧着等により近位管状部材630に不動に固着されてもよい。入力関節部材730の近位端は、上述した様式にて関節ノブ54に結合されてもよい。かくして、入力関節部材730は関節ノブ54の操作により、細長いシャフト12内で軸線方向に及び回転可能に動き得る。
また様々な実施形態では、出力関節部材740が遠位管状部材640及び関節連結具34に不動に取り付けられている。出力関節部材740は、例えばステンレス鋼、ニッケル−チタン合金(Nitinol(登録商標))等を含んでもよく、例えば溶接、接着、スウェージング、圧印加工、圧着等により遠位管状部材640に不動に固着されてもよい。使用時、入力関節部材730の、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに沿った、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対する近位方向「PD」の動作が、近位管状部材630及び回転カプラ600全体を近位方向「PD」に牽引し、第3のリンク24に近位方向に向けられた力を付与するであろう。かくして、第3のリンク24は近位方向に指向された力を第2のリンク22に付与し、第2のリンク22を細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して側方に枢動させるであろう。その結果、エンドエフェクタ14が結合された第2のリンク22は単一平面内で側方に動き、それによりエンドエフェクタ14は、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して一定の角度で延びることができるであろう。エンドエフェクタ14は、入力関節部材730を細長いシャフト12に対して遠位方向に動かすことにより、図1に示した元の長手方向に整合された位置に戻ることができる。
入力関節部材730が細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lを中心として、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して回転することにより関節連結具34及び第3のリンク24が回転し、第3のリンク24は第2のリンク22に結合し、第2のリンク22は次にエンドエフェクタ14及び第1のリンク20に結合している。その結果、3バーリンク装置16全体がエンドエフェクタ14と共に、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lを中心として、細長いシャフト12の長手方向軸線L−Lに対して、回転するであろう。回転はエンドエフェクタ14が関節運動されている間にも達成されて、エンドエフェクタ14が関節運動する平面を変化させることができる。再度、そのような独自の新規な回転カプラ構成により、アクチュエータ30、530、540が独立して操作されると共に、エンドエフェクタが関節運動され、回転され及び/又は作動される際に、アクチュエータの異常な捻れ/引っかかりを避けることができる。
上述した回転カプラは、把持器顎部等の作動機構を使用するエンドエフェクタに関連して記載及び図示されたが、本発明の様々なカプラの実施形態は、多様な他のエンドエフェクタに関連して有効に使用されて様々な外科治療を実行し得る。それらのエンドエフェクタ構成の例は、例えば生検鉗子、組織貫通スパイク、スネアループ、鋏、針ナイフ及び括約筋切開刀等、米国特許出願公開第2008/0147113号に記載されているエンドエフェクタ構成を含んでもよい。当業者は、本発明の回転カプラの実施形態が、本明細書に及びその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる前述した出願公開に記載及び図示したもの以外の、多様な他のエンドエフェクタに関連して使用できることを認識するであろう。
上記に示したように、本明細書に開示した、外科用装置の作業末端部の動作を制御するための様々な装置は、内視鏡治療、腹腔鏡治療、及びロボット補助手術を含む従来の開放外科治療を含む多様な外科治療に使用することができる。例示的な1つの内視鏡治療において、本明細書で以前に開示したもののような外科用装置の細長いシャフトを天然オリフィス及び身体管腔を通して挿入して、細長いシャフトの遠位端に位置するエンドエフェクタを、処置すべき組織に隣接して配置してもよい。関節アクチュエータを細長いシャフトの長手方向軸線に沿って平行移動して、3バーリンク装置がエンドエフェクタを細長いシャフトの長手方向軸線に実質的に直交する方向へ側方に関節運動させるようにし、それによりエンドエフェクタは、細長いシャフトに対して角度配向され得る。このことは、装置のハンドル上に形成された1つ以上の作動メカニズムを作動させることにより達成され得る。本方法は、エンドエフェクタを細長いシャフトに対して回転させることも含み得る。一実施形態において、3バーリンク装置はエンドエフェクタと共に細長いシャフトに対して回転することができる。例えば、関節アクチュエータを細長いシャフトに対して回転させて、3バーリンク装置及びエンドエフェクタの両方を回転させることができる。別の実施形態では、エンドエフェクタは3バーリンク装置に対して回転してもよい。例えば、エンドエフェクタに結合されて、細長いシャフトを通って延びる作動ワイヤと、3バーリンク装置とを回転させてもよい。
本明細書に記載されている装置は、1回の使用の後に廃棄されるように設計することができ、又は、これらは複数回使用されるように設計することができる。しかしながら、いずれの場合も、デバイスは少なくとも1回の使用後、再使用のために再調整され得る。再調整は、装置の解体工程、これに続く洗浄工程、又は特定部品の交換工程、及びその後の再組立工程の、任意の組み合わせを含むことができる。特に、装置は解体することができ、装置の任意の数の部品又は構成要素は、任意の組み合わせで選択的に交換又は取り外すことができる。特定の構成要素の洗浄及び/又は交換の際に、装置は、機能の再調整時に、又は外科手術直前に手術チームにより、その後の使用のために再組立することができる。当業者は、装置の再調整に、解体、洗浄/交換、及び再組立のための様々な技術が使用できることを理解するであろう。このような技術の使用、及びその結果として得られる再調整された装置は、全て、本出願の範囲内にある。
本明細書に記載した本発明は、手術前に加工処理されることが好ましい。まず新品又は使用済みの器具を入手し、必要に応じてクリーニングを行う。次に、器具を滅菌することができる。滅菌法の1つでは、この器具をプラスチック又はTYVEKバッグ等の閉鎖かつ密閉された容器に入れる。次いで容器及び器具を、γ線、X線又は高エネルギー電子等の容器を貫通することができる放射線野の中に配置する。この放射線によって器具上及び容器内の細菌が殺菌される。滅菌された器具は、その後、無菌容器内で保管することができる。密封容器は、それが医療施設内で開封されるまで、器具を無菌に保つ。
装置は滅菌されることが好ましい。これは、ベータ又はガンマ線、エチレンオキシド、蒸気等の当業者に既知の任意の数の方法により、行うことができる。
全体又は部分において、本明細書に参照により組み込まれると称されるいずれの特許公報又は他の開示物も、組み込まれた事物が現行の定義、記載、又は本開示に記載されている他の開示物と矛盾しない範囲でのみ本明細書に組み込まれる。このように及び必要な範囲で、本明細書に明瞭に記載されている開示は、参照により本明細書に組み込んだ任意の矛盾する事物に取って代わるものとする。本明細書に参照により組み込むと述べるが本明細書に記載した既存の定義、記述、又は他の開示資料と矛盾する、任意の資料又はその一部は、組み込まれる資料と既存の開示資料との間に矛盾が生じない範囲においてのみ組み込むものとする。
本発明は、保護されることを意図したものであり、開示した特定の実施形態に限定されると解釈されるものではない。実施形態はしたがって、限定的というよりはむしろ例示的なものと見なされる。変更及び変形が、本発明の趣旨から逸脱することなく他者によって行われ得る。したがって、「特許請求の範囲」で定義される本発明の趣旨及び範囲に含まれるそのようなすべての均等物、変形物、及び変更物が包含されることが、明らかに意図されている。
〔実施の態様〕
(1) 外科用装置であって、
細長い軸線を画定する実質的に中空の細長いシャフトと、
前記細長いシャフトの遠位端に操作可能に結合されて、前記シャフトに対して選択的に枢動及び回転移動するエンドエフェクタであって、前記エンドエフェクタが、前記エンドエフェクタ上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有し、前記作動機構が、前記作動機構に少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を付与することにより作動可能である、エンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタに操作可能に接続して、前記エンドエフェクタに軸線方向の関節運動を付与して前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に対して枢動させ、前記エンドエフェクタに少なくとも1つの回転運動を選択的に付与して、前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長い軸線を中心として前記細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に対して回転させる関節アクチュエータと、
前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を付与するための第1の入力アクチュエータと、
回転連結具と、を備え、前記回転連結具が、
前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの一部分内に可動的に支持され、前記第1の入力アクチュエータの遠位端に結合されて、前記第1の入力アクチュエータからの前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を受容する駆動カプラと、
前記実質的に細長い中空のシャフトの前記一部分内に可動に支持され、前記駆動カプラに回転可能に結合されて、前記細長い軸線を中心として前記駆動カプラに対して回転し、前記駆動カプラと共に前記作動軸線に沿って軸線方向に移動する遊びカプラと、
前記回転連結具からの前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を前記エンドエフェクタの前記少なくとも1つの作動機構に移動させるように、前記遊びカプラと前記エンドエフェクタ上の前記作動機構とに結合された少なくとも1つの第2の入力アクチュエータと、を含む、外科用装置。
(2) 前記作動機構が、把持器顎部、生検プローブ、スネアループ、鉗子、鋏、針ナイフ及び括約筋切開刀からなる作動機構の群から選択される、実施態様1に記載の外科用装置。
(3) 前記関節アクチュエータが、前記回転連結具を通って延び、前記回転連結具に対して軸線方向に、かつ回転可能に可動である半可撓性ワイヤを含む、実施態様1に記載の外科用装置。
(4) 前記第1の入力アクチュエータが第2の半可撓性ワイヤを含み、前記第2の入力アクチュエータが第3の半可撓性ワイヤを含む、実施態様1に記載の外科用装置。
(5) 前記エンドエフェクタが、多数バーリンク装置により、前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に操作可能に結合されている、実施態様1に記載の外科用装置。
(6) 前記3バーリンク装置が、
第1の実質的に中空の第1のリンクであって、前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に回転可能に結合され、前記エンドエフェクタに枢動可能に結合され、それにより前記エンドエフェクタが枢動軸線を中心として前記第1の実質的に中空の第1のリンクに対して枢動でき、前記第1の実質的に中空の第1のリンクの前記細長い軸線を中心とした回転が前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長い軸線を中心として回転させる、第1の実質的に中空の第1のリンクと、
前記関節アクチュエータに結合され、かつ前記第1のリンク内に可動に支持されて、前記関節アクチュエータから付与された前記軸線方向の関節運動に応答して前記第1のリンクに対して軸線方向に移動する第2のリンクと、
前記関節アクチュエータによる前記第2のリンクに対する前記軸線方向の関節運動の付与が前記エンドエフェクタを前記枢動軸線を中心として枢動させるように、前記第2のリンク及び前記エンドエフェクタに枢動可能に結合された第3のリンクと、を含む、実施態様5に記載の外科用装置。
(7) 前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの近位端に結合されたハンドルアセンブリを更に備える、実施態様1に記載の外科用装置。
(8) 前記関節アクチュエータが、前記ハンドルアセンブリ上に回転可能かつ軸線方向に可動に支持された関節ノブに操作可能に結合され、前記第1の入力アクチュエータが、前記ハンドルアセンブリ上に軸線方向に可動に支持された作動ノブに操作可能に結合されている、実施態様7に記載の外科用装置。
(9) 手術のための装置の処理方法であって、
実施態様1に記載の外科用装置を獲得することと、
前記外科用装置を滅菌することと、
前記外科用装置を滅菌容器内に保管することと、を含む、方法。
(10) 外科用装置であって、
細長い軸線を画定する実質的に中空の細長いシャフトと、
前記細長いシャフトの遠位端に操作可能に結合されて、前記シャフトに対して選択的に枢動及び回転移動するエンドエフェクタであって、前記エンドエフェクタが、前記エンドエフェクタ上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有し、前記作動機構が、前記作動機構に少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を付与することにより作動可能である、エンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタに操作可能に接続して、前記エンドエフェクタに軸線方向の関節運動を付与して前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に対して枢動させ、前記エンドエフェクタに回転運動を選択的に付与して、前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長い軸線を中心として前記細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に対して回転させる関節アクチュエータと、
前記ハンドルアセンブリから延びて、前記ハンドルアセンブリからの前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を移動させる第1の入力アクチュエータと、
回転連結具と、を備え、前記回転連結具が、
前記中空の細長いシャフト内に回転可能に支持され、前記第1の入力アクチュエータに結合されて、前記第1の入力アクチュエータからの前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を受容する近位管状部材と、
前記中空の細長いシャフト内に回転可能に支持され、前記近位管状部材に連結されて、前記近位管状部材と共に軸線方向に移動して、前記近位管状部材に対して回転することができる遠位管状部材と、
付与された前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を前記エンドエフェクタの前記少なくとも1つの作動機構に移動させるように、前記遠位管状部材と前記エンドエフェクタ上の前記作動機構とに結合された少なくとも1つの第2の入力アクチュエータと、を含む、外科用装置。
(11) 前記関節アクチュエータが、前記近位管状部材及び遠位管状部材を通って延び、前記近位管状部材及び遠位管状部材内で回転可能かつ軸線方向に可動である、実施態様10に記載の外科用装置。
(12) 前記近位管状部材が、前記細長いシャフト内に支持されたカプラハウジングによって前記遠位管状部材に結合されることにより、前記遠位管状部材は前記細長い軸線を中心として前記近位管状部材に対して回転し、前記近位管状部材及び遠位管状部材が前記細長いシャフト内にてユニットとして軸線方向に動くことが可能である、実施態様10に記載の外科用装置。
(13) 細長いシャフトに可動に結合された、外科用装置のための回転連結具であって、前記外科用装置が、前記外科用装置上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有し、前記作動機構がアクチュエータからの少なくとも1つの作動運動の付与により作動可能であり、また前記外科用装置が、他の1つのアクチュエータからの対応する他の作動運動の付与により、前記細長いシャフトに対して関節運動可能かつ回転可能であり、前記回転連結具が、
前記アクチュエータに結合されて、前記アクチュエータからの前記少なくとも1つの作動運動を受容する駆動部材と、
前記駆動部材に回転可能に結合されて、長手方向軸線を中心として前記駆動部材に対して選択的に回転し、前記駆動部材と共にユニットとして軸線方向に動くよう構成された遊び部材であって、前記駆動部材及び前記遊び部材が、内部に前記他のアクチュエータの一部分を可動に支持する、遊び部材と、
前記遊び部材と外科用装置とに結合して、前記遊び部材からの前記少なくとも1つの作動運動を前記外科用装置に移動させる出力部材と、を含む、回転連結具。
(14) 前記アクチュエータ、前記他の1つのアクチュエータ及び前記出力部材がそれぞれ半可撓性ワイヤを含む、実施態様13に記載の回転連結具。
(15) 前記駆動部材の遠位端部分と前記遊び部材の近位端部分とが、カプラハウジングにより回転可能に一緒に結合され、前記カプラハウジングは前記外科用装置に結合された細長いシャフト内に可動に支持されている、実施態様13に記載の回転連結具。
(16) 前記アクチュエータにより付与される前記少なくとも1つの作動運動が、少なくとも1つの軸線方向の運動であり、前記他のアクチュエータにより付与される前記他の作動運動が、他の軸線方向の運動及び回転運動である、実施態様13に記載の回転連結具。
(17) 前記駆動部材が、内部を延びる軸線方向の通路を有する近位管状部材を含み、前記遊び部材が、内部に他の1つの軸線方向の通路を有する、遠位管状部材を含む、実施態様13に記載の回転連結具。
(18) 前記近位管状部材の遠位端がカプラハウジング内に可動に支持され、前記遠位管状部材の近位端が前記カプラハウジング内に可動に支持されることにより、前記他の1つの軸線方向の通路が前記近位管状部材内の前記同軸通路と実質的に同軸的に整合されて前記回転連結具を通した小路を形成し、前記小路内を通して関節アクチュエータを可動に支持する、実施態様17に記載の回転連結具。
(19) 前記小路が、前記関節アクチュエータが前記小路を通して軸線方向に、かつ回転可能に動くことを可能にするよう構成されている、実施態様18に記載の回転連結具。

Claims (10)

  1. 外科用装置であって、
    細長い軸線を画定する実質的に中空の細長いシャフトと、
    前記細長いシャフトの遠位端に操作可能に結合されて、前記シャフトに対して選択的に枢動及び回転移動するエンドエフェクタであって、前記エンドエフェクタが、前記エンドエフェクタ上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有し、前記作動機構が、前記作動機構に少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を付与することにより作動可能である、エンドエフェクタと、
    前記エンドエフェクタに操作可能に連絡して、前記エンドエフェクタに関節運動を付与して前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に対して枢動させ、前記エンドエフェクタに少なくとも1つの回転運動を選択的に付与して、前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長い軸線を中心として回転させる関節アクチュエータと、
    前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を付与するための第1の入力アクチュエータと、
    回転連結具と、を備え、前記回転連結具が、
    前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの一部分内に可動的に支持され、前記第1の入力アクチュエータの遠位端に結合されて、前記第1の入力アクチュエータからの前記細長い軸線方向の作動運動を受容する駆動カプラと、
    前記実質的に細長い中空のシャフトの前記一部分内に可動に支持され、前記駆動カプラに回転可能に結合されて、前記細長い軸線を中心として前記駆動カプラに対して回転し、前記駆動カプラと共に前記細長い軸線方向に移動する遊びカプラと、
    前記回転連結具からの前記細長い軸線方向の作動運動を前記エンドエフェクタの前記少なくとも1つの作動機構に移動させるように、前記遊びカプラと前記エンドエフェクタ上の前記作動機構とに結合された少なくとも1つの第2の入力アクチュエータと、を含む、外科用装置。
  2. 前記作動機構が、把持器顎部、生検プローブ、スネアループ、鉗子、鋏、針ナイフ及び括約筋切開刀からなる作動機構の群から選択される、請求項1に記載の外科用装置。
  3. 前記関節アクチュエータが、前記回転連結具を通って延び、前記回転連結具に対して軸線方向に、かつ回転可能に可動である半可撓性ワイヤを含む、請求項1に記載の外科用装置。
  4. 前記第1の入力アクチュエータが第2の半可撓性ワイヤを含み、前記第2の入力アクチュエータが第3の半可撓性ワイヤを含む、請求項1に記載の外科用装置。
  5. 前記エンドエフェクタが、多数バーリンク装置により、前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に操作可能に結合されている、請求項1に記載の外科用装置。
  6. 前記多数バーリンク装置が、
    第1の実質的に中空のリンクであって、前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に回転可能に結合され、それにより、前記第1のリンクの前記細長い軸線を中心とした回転が前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長い軸線を中心として回転させる、第1の実質的に中空のリンクと
    含む、請求項5に記載の外科用装置。
  7. 前記実質的に中空の細長いシャフトの近位端に結合されたハンドルアセンブリを更に備える、請求項1に記載の外科用装置。
  8. 前記関節アクチュエータが、前記ハンドルアセンブリ上に回転可能かつ軸線方向に可動に支持された関節ノブに操作可能に結合され、前記第1の入力アクチュエータが、前記ハンドルアセンブリ上に軸線方向に可動に支持された作動ノブに操作可能に結合されている、請求項7に記載の外科用装置。
  9. 手術のための装置の処理方法であって、
    請求項1に記載の外科用装置を獲得することと、
    前記外科用装置を滅菌することと、
    前記外科用装置を滅菌容器内に保管することと、を含む、方法。
  10. 外科用装置であって、
    細長い軸線を画定する実質的に中空の細長いシャフトと、
    前記細長いシャフトの遠位端に操作可能に結合されて、前記シャフトに対して選択的に枢動及び回転移動するエンドエフェクタであって、前記エンドエフェクタが、前記エンドエフェクタ上に少なくとも1つの作動機構を有し、前記作動機構が、前記作動機構に少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を付与することにより作動可能である、エンドエフェクタと、
    前記エンドエフェクタに操作可能に連絡して、前記エンドエフェクタに関節運動を付与して前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長いシャフトの前記遠位端に対して枢動させ、前記エンドエフェクタに回転運動を選択的に付与して、前記エンドエフェクタを前記細長い軸線を中心として回転させる関節アクチュエータと
    ンドルアセンブリから延びており、前記少なくとも1つの軸線方向の作動運動を付与するための第1の入力アクチュエータと、
    回転連結具と、を備え、前記回転連結具が、
    前記中空の細長いシャフト内に回転可能に支持され、前記第1の入力アクチュエータに結合されて、前記第1の入力アクチュエータからの前記細長い軸線方向の作動運動を受容する近位管状部材と、
    前記中空の細長いシャフト内に回転可能に支持され、前記近位管状部材に連結されて、前記近位管状部材と共に前記細長い軸線方向に移動して、前記近位管状部材に対して回転することができる遠位管状部材と、
    付与された前記細長い軸線方向の作動運動を前記エンドエフェクタの前記少なくとも1つの作動機構に移動させるように、前記遠位管状部材と前記エンドエフェクタ上の前記作動機構とに結合された少なくとも1つの第2の入力アクチュエータと、を含む、外科用装置。
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US20120179148A1 (en) 2012-07-12
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