JP5898628B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5898628B2 JP5898628B2 JP2012547856A JP2012547856A JP5898628B2 JP 5898628 B2 JP5898628 B2 JP 5898628B2 JP 2012547856 A JP2012547856 A JP 2012547856A JP 2012547856 A JP2012547856 A JP 2012547856A JP 5898628 B2 JP5898628 B2 JP 5898628B2
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- negative electrode
- electrode material
- lithium ion
- secondary battery
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0407—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on an electrolyte layer
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
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- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
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Description
(1)平均粒径5〜40μmの1次球状化黒鉛粒子と、フェノール樹脂とを含むスラリーを造粒して、平均粒径10〜200μmの2次粒子を製造する造粒工程、
(2)2次粒子を5〜50kNで加圧成形する2次粒子成形体製造工程、
(3)2次粒子成形体を解砕して、平均粒径10〜50μmの解砕粒子を得る解砕工程、
(4)解砕粒子を、不活性雰囲気中で、800〜1500℃で0.5〜10時間加熱して焼成粒子を得る焼成工程、
(5)焼成粒子に、流動床によるCVD処理を施すことにより、焼成粒子の表面に高結晶性炭素を被覆させるCVD処理工程、
を有することを特徴とする〔1〕に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料の製造方法。
2、4、6 圧密粒子
7、8 空隙部
10 非晶質炭素層
12 ピンホール
14、16 開口部
18 高結晶性炭素層
20 粒子間間隙
(リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料)
図1は、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料の一例を示す説明図である。
原料の1次球状化黒鉛粒子は、鱗片状黒鉛粒子を折畳むことにより、球状化させて製造する。この製造過程で、1次球状化黒鉛粒子内部に空隙部が形成される。この空隙部は、圧密化する際にかなり縮小する。しかし、空隙部は完全には消滅せず、不定形の圧密粒子2、4内の空隙部7、8として残存する。圧密粒子6の空隙部は、ほぼ完全に消滅している。
上記本負極材料は、以下に記載する(1)〜(5)の各工程を経由して好適に製造される。
造粒工程においては、先ず、原料の1次球状化黒鉛粒子と、フェノール樹脂と、溶媒とを含むスラリーが、通常は室温で、製造される。
この工程においては、前記造粒工程で製造した2次粒子を、加圧成形する。この加圧成形処理により、複数の圧密粒子がフェノール樹脂により一体化されて、2次粒子成形体が製造される。
上記工程で製造される2次粒子成形体は、この解砕工程で解砕され、不定形の解砕粒子が製造される。解砕操作により、2次粒子成形体は、圧密粒子間のフェノール樹脂に沿って解砕される。圧密粒子自体は、殆ど解砕されない。
本焼成工程により、解砕粒子は焼成され、解砕粒子の含有するフェノール樹脂が炭素化される。その結果、非晶質炭素層により覆われると共に一体化された複数の、好ましくは3〜50個の圧密粒子からなる焼成粒子が得られる。
焼成は、窒素、ヘリウム、アルゴンガス等の不活性ガス雰囲気中で行う。
上記(4)焼成工程で製造された焼成粒子は化学蒸着(CVD)処理が施され、本発明の負極材料が得られる。このCVD処理により、焼成粒子の表面は完全に面間隔が0.335〜0.3369nmの高結晶性炭素層18で被覆され、非晶質炭素層10は、外部から遮蔽される。
また更に、アセチレン、エチレン、プロピレン、イソプロピレン、ブタジエン等の不飽和炭化水素が挙げられる。なお、トリクロルエチレン、ジクロルエチレン等の塩素化合物を用いると、CVD処理温度を700〜800℃に下げることができる。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料を用いて、リチウムイオン二次電池の負極を調製する方法は特に限定されない。例えば、先ず該負極材料にバインダーと溶剤を加えて充分に混練してスラリーを得る。次いで、金属箔や、金属メッシュ等からなる集電体に前記スラリーを圧着することにより、負極を製造できる。
100mlのガラス製メスシリンダーに試料を入れてタッピングした。メスシリンダー内の試料の容積が変化しなくなった時点で試料容積を測定した。試料質量を試料容積で除した値をタップ密度とした。
株式会社島津製作所製のレーザー回折式粒度測定装置SALD200Vを用いて、試料の平均粒径を測定した。
株式会社キーエンス製の3Dリアルサーフェイスビュー顕微鏡/型式VE−9800を用いて、試料外部形状を観察した。
ポリエステル樹脂に埋め込んだ試料を定法により研磨し、表面を薄くAuコーティングして測定試料を得た。日本電子株式会社製 走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)、又は株式会社キーエンス製 3Dリアルサーフェイスビュー顕微鏡/型式VE−9800を用いて、測定試料を観察した。
非晶質炭素層の含有量は、株式会社島津製作所製の熱重量測定装置TGA50を用いて、重量減少法によって測定した。即ち、試料を酸化雰囲気で昇温し、得られる非晶質炭素層の発熱ピークの面積を測定した。その後、得られた測定値を用いて、非晶質炭素層の含有量を算出した。
CVD処理由来の高結晶性炭素層の含有量は、Li-NMRを用いて測定できる。Li-NMRを用いる場合、高結晶性炭素層の含有量はピーク位置とピーク面積比とから求められる。高結晶性炭素は10−20ppm、黒鉛炭素は40−50ppm、フェノール由来の炭素は30−120ppmにピークを持つ。
本発明の負極材料の製造原料である1次球状化黒鉛粒子は、特許公開2002−367611に記載の方法で製造した。この1次球状化黒鉛粒子の平均粒径は25μm、タップ密度1.0g/ml、平均アスペクト比1.3、空隙率32体積%、比表面積4.6m2/gであった。
平均粒径25μmの1次球状化黒鉛粒子95質量部に、汎用フェノール樹脂(固形分70質量%、郡栄化学工業株式会社製 商品名レゾチップ)を7質量部(フェノール樹脂固形分として5質量%)添加した。さらに、メタノール150質量部を添加してスラリーを得た(スラリー濃度40質量%)。アトマイザーノズルを備えたスプレードライヤーを用いてこのスラリーを造粒して、平均粒径45μmの2次粒子を得た。
負極の負極材料量 : 20mg
負極の電極面積 : 2.0cm2
バインダー: PVDF 7質量%(負極材料の質量基準)
負極材料スラリーの調製溶媒: 1−メチル−2−ピロリドン
乾燥条件: 130℃、5時間(真空中)
電解質、濃度: LiPF6、1mol/l
電解液溶媒/組成 : EC/DMC=1/2(vol)
定電流充電時
電流 : 1mA
電流密度 : 0.4mA/cm2
定電圧充電時
電圧 : 1mV
時間 : 1hr
放電容量計測範囲: 1mV〜1.5V
更に、実施例を参照して本発明を説明する。
表1に示す製造条件に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に操作した。結果を表2〜4にまとめた。
フェノール樹脂を配合すること無く、平均粒径26μmの球形化黒鉛単味を19kNで加圧成型処理した。以後、実施例1と同様に処理して、平均粒径26μm、比表面積2.4m2/gの負極材料を得た。結果を表2〜4に示した。
表1の操作条件で操作する以外は実施例1と同様に操作した。結果を表2〜4に示した。比較例2は、フェノール樹脂を多量(50質量%)配合した。また、比較例3は2次粒子を加圧成形する工程を省略した。
Claims (11)
- 複数の1次球状化黒鉛粒子が圧密化されてなる複数の不定形の圧密粒子と、前記圧密粒子の表面を覆うと共に前記各圧密粒子を互に結合する0.5〜20質量%の非晶質炭素層とからなる非晶質被覆粒子と、
前記非晶質被覆粒子の外表面を覆うと共に前記非晶質被覆粒子の外表面に沈着する熱分解炭素であって、面間隔0.335〜0.3369nmである0.5〜25質量%の高結晶性炭素層とからなり、空隙率が5体積%以下であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。 - 空隙率が0.5〜4.1体積%である請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。
- 嵩比重が0.4〜0.9g/mlである請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。
- タップ密度が0.7〜1.3g/mlである請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。
- 圧密粒子の平均粒径が5〜40μmである請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。
- 3〜50個の圧密粒子を含む請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。
- 非晶質炭素層の厚みが0.05〜2μmである請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。
- 高結晶性炭素層の厚みが0.05〜2μmである請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料。
- 下記工程、
(1)平均粒径5〜40μmの1次球状化黒鉛粒子と、フェノール樹脂とを含むスラリーを造粒して、平均粒径10〜200μmの2次粒子を製造する造粒工程、
(2)2次粒子を5〜50kNで加圧成形する2次粒子成形体製造工程、
(3)2次粒子成形体を解砕して、平均粒径10〜50μmの解砕粒子を得る解砕工程、
(4)解砕粒子を、不活性雰囲気中で、800〜1500℃で0.5〜10時間加熱して焼成粒子を得る焼成工程、
(5)焼成粒子に、流動床によるCVD処理を施すことにより、焼成粒子の表面に高結晶性炭素を被覆させるCVD処理工程、
を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料を組込んでなるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極。
- 請求項10に記載の負極を組込んでなるリチウムイオン二次電池。
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US9312532B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
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CN103250285B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
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TWI513085B (zh) | 2015-12-11 |
WO2012077653A1 (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
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