JP2010540971A - モジュール式ポイントオブケアデバイスおよびその使用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で言及される全ての刊行物および特許出願は、個々の各刊行物または特許出願が、参照により組み込まれることが具体的かつ個々に示されたと仮定した場合と同じ程度に、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の態様において、体液試料中における解析対象の自動検出用デバイスは、解析対象の存在または不在を示す検出可能なシグナルをもたらす化学反応を実行するように構成されるアドレス可能なアッセイユニットのアレイと、デバイス上において組み立てられる前に対応する(1つまたは複数の)アッセイユニットを基準として個々の試薬ユニットが較正され得るように、前記デバイス内の1つまたは複数のアドレス可能なアッセイユニットに対応するようにその各々がアドレスされるアドレス可能な試薬ユニットのアレイとを含む。
ある態様において、本発明のシステムは、アッセイユニットと、試薬(液相試薬および固相試薬の両方)を含む試薬ユニットとを含むデバイスを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、全デバイス、アッセイユニット、試薬ユニット、またはこれらの組合せの少なくとも1つがディスポーザブルである。本発明のシステムにおいて、デバイスによる解析対象の検出は、測定器により行われる。大半の実施形態において、測定器、デバイス、および方法は、自動検出システムを提供する。自動検出システムは、規定のプロトコールまたはユーザーによりシステムに与えられるプロトコールに基づいて自動化することができる。
本発明のデバイスおよび方法は、対象由来の体液に存在する解析対象のリアルタイム検出のための効果的な手段を提供する。この検出方法は、特定の生物学的プロセス、生理学的状態、障害、障害の段階または治療の段階と関連している解析対象の同定および定量を含む多種多様の状況で用いてもよい。または、このデバイスおよび方法は、例えば、薬物スクリーニング、疾患診断、系統発生的分類、親および法鑑定、疾患発症および再発、治療に対する個々の応答対人口基準、ならびに治療のモニタリングにおける広範囲の有用性を有する。また、このデバイスおよび方法は、治療薬の開発の前臨床段階および臨床段階の向上、患者のコンプライアンスの改善、処方薬と関連するADRのモニタリング、個々化医療、中央検査室から患者の居住地までの血液検査のアウトソーシングに特に有用である。このデバイスは、処方基準に応じて採用され、規制認可後の治療薬剤をモニタリングするために製薬会社によって利用され、または中央検査室から血液検査を外注する支払人のために利用され得る。
様々なアッセイは、試料中の目的の解析対象を検出するための本発明にかかる流体デバイスで行うことができる。対象アッセイを行うために使用され得る幅広い多様な標識は、当技術分野において利用可能である。いくつかの実施形態では、標識は、分光的、光化学的、生化学的、電気化学的、免疫化学的、または他の化学的な手段によって検出可能である。例えば、有用な核酸標識には、ラジオアイソトープ32P、35S、蛍光色素、電子密度試薬、酵素が含まれる。生物学的構成要素の標識に適切な多種多様な標識は公知であり、科学文献および特許文献のいずれにおいても幅広く報告され、一般に、生物学的構成要素を標識するために本発明に適用可能である。適した標識には、放射性核種、酵素、基質、共同因子、阻害剤、蛍光部分、化学発光部分、生物発光標識、または比色分析標識が挙げられる。アッセイを特徴付ける試薬には、例えば、モノクローナル抗体、ポリクローナル抗体、タンパク質、核酸プローブもしくは他の重合体、例えばアフィニティマトリックス、糖質または脂質が任意選択で含まれる。検出は、放射性、蛍光、もしくはルミネッセントマーカーの分光光度的もしくは光学的追跡、またはサイズ、電荷もしくはアフィニティに基づいて分子を追跡する他の方法を含む様々な公知の方法のいずれかによって開始することができる。検出可能な部分は、検出可能な物理的または化学的特性を有する任意の材料であり得る。このような検出可能な標識は、ゲル電気泳動、カラムクロマトグラフィー、固体基質、分光技術などの分野において十分に開発され、一般に、このような方法に有用な標識は本発明に適用することができる。したがって、標識には、分光的、光化学的、生化学的、免疫化学的、核酸プローブベースの、電気的、光熱的、または他の化学的な手段によって検出可能な、制限されない任意の組成を含む。
本実施例では、本発明のデバイス、方法、およびシステムを用いてヒトVEGFR2についてのアッセイを行う。本実施例は、ポイントオブケアで実行され得るアッセイのタイプを示す。アッセイユニットの捕捉表面は、本実施例ではVEGFR2アッセイであるが、アッセイに従ってアッセイユニット上にコーディングすることができる。アッセイユニットの内面(図3Aの例に類似した射出成形ポリスチレンで作られている)は、吸引および空気放出によって連続したコーティング試薬にさらされた。20マイクロリットルの各コーティング試薬はアッセイユニットに引き出され、室温で10分間インキュベートされた。本実施例で使用されるコーティング試薬は、連続して使用され、炭酸塩−重炭酸塩緩衝液(pH9)中のニュートラアビジン(20μg/mL)、トリス緩衝生理食塩水(pH8)中のビオチン化された「捕捉抗体」(VEGFR2に対するモノクローナル抗体、20μg/mL)、およびトリス緩衝生理食塩水中の3%ウシ血清アルブミンを含む「固定化」試薬である。連続コーティング後、アッセイユニットは、乾燥空気への曝露によって乾燥し、および乾燥状態で保存した。
ヒトPlGFについてのアッセイを、本発明のアッセイユニットおよび試薬ユニットを用いて行い、市販の装置で読み取った。並行して、同じ試薬を用いたアッセイを、プロトタイプリーダーのプロトタイプのディスポーザルカートリッジ(以下に記載される)において行った。解析対象濃度は、それぞれ0、4、80および400pg/mLであった。図13に例証された測定は、ヒトPlGFについてのアッセイを行うために必要なアッセイユニットおよび試薬ユニットを較正するために使用された。
磁化可能ビーズは、Bands Laboratoriesの直径1.3μmのBioMag磁性粒子である。ビーズは、抗ウサギIgGでコーティング(製造業者による)される。ビーズは、CedarLaneの、3%ウシ血清アルブミンおよびウサギ抗ヒト赤血球IgGを≧1.15mg/mLで含むトリス緩衝ショ糖液(またはトリス緩衝生理食塩水)中に14mg/mLで分散される。アリコート(この分散液の10μL)を円錐管に分配し、カートリッジハウジングのスロットに挿入前に凍結乾燥する(液体N2で凍結し、およそ24時間、−70℃で凍結乾燥する)。ウサギ抗体は、赤血球および抗ウサギIgGコーティングされたビーズの両方に結合し、ビーズと赤血球の共同凝集体を形成する。
解析対象を分析するための試料の連続希釈は、本明細書に記載されるシステムにおいて行うことができる。C反応性タンパク質(CRP)は急性期マーカーである。正常レベルは、高ng/mL〜低μg/mlの範囲にある。いずれかの急性疾患プロセスにおいて、ヒト肝臓はCRPを生成し、血中レベルは数百μg/mlに増加することができる。CRPは、測定される解析対象のダイナミックレンジが広い(>105倍)ため、従来のPOC解析システムの問題を示している。
次に、実験を、高濃度の解析対象を含む試料の連続希釈を用いて行い、本明細書に記載されるシステムおよびデバイスにおける明確なアッセイ応答を得た。CRPの溶液(20μL)をカートリッジに装填し、装置によって(それぞれ1:50、250、750および1500倍に)連続希釈した。次に、希釈された溶液を、実施例4に示されるように処理した。希釈されたCRP濃度がアッセイの較正範囲(300ng/mL)を超えたとき、下方応答が見られた(以下に示される;2つの装置からのデータ)。
フルオレセインは周知の化学であり、その分子に特異的である高親和性抗体は公知である。いくつかのフルオレセイン部分をアルブミンなどのタンパク質に付着させることによって、ELISAによって測定され得る人工的な解析対象が作られる。本明細書の実施例は、このようなアッセイの実施可能性を示すためにマイクロタイタープレート上で設定し、本明細書に記載される本発明のデバイスまたはシステムに容易に変えることができる。
本実施例は、試薬の初期添加、反応生成物の除去、チップの洗浄、その後のいくつかのまたは全ての成分の再導入後の、本明細書に記載されるアッセイチップを用いたCRPについてのイムノアッセイからの応答の予測可能性を示す。このアッセイの順番は以下の通りである:チップを、プロトタイプ機器中で34℃、10分間、次の順番で(1)機器によって500倍、次に2000倍に希釈された試料(CRP0.3、3、30、150および300μg/mL)、(2)アルカリホスファターゼ標識されたウサギ抗ヤギIgG[「Dab」](5ng/mL)、その後、3回洗浄、ならびに(3)PhospahGLO(商標)アルカリホスファターゼ化学発光発生基質[「基質」]と共にインキュベートした。実験を、ステップ3の後、10秒にわたって光子生成も読むいくつかの機器で行った。最終(チップ中)CRP濃度は、0.15、0.6、1.5、6、15、60、75、300および600ng/mLであり、グローレベルは2,000〜6,000カウント/0.5秒の範囲であった。いくつかの実験では、このアッセイのステップ(3)の後、反応生成物を捨て、様々にステップ3(菱形および実線)、ステップ2+3(四角および破線)、またはステップ1+2+3(三角および点線)を繰り返し、その結果は、図22に示されるように、再処理されたアッセイシグナル対元のアッセイシグナルとして示される。
Claims (78)
- 体液試料中における解析対象の自動検出カートリッジであって、
前記解析対象の存在または不在を示す検出可能なシグナルをもたらす化学反応を実行するように構成されるアドレス可能なアッセイユニットのアレイと、
前記アッセイユニットのアレイの個々のアドレス可能なアッセイユニットに対応するように個々のアドレス可能な試薬ユニットがアドレスされ、前記カートリッジ上において組み立てられる前に前記対応する個々のアッセイユニットを基準として較正されるように前記個々の試薬ユニットが構成されるアドレス可能な試薬ユニットのアレイと
を含むカートリッジ。 - 体液試料中における解析対象の自動検出カートリッジであって、
前記体液試料を受け入れるように構成される試料収集ユニットと、
前記試料収集ユニットから試料の一部を受け入れ、前記試料中における前記解析対象の存在を示す検出可能なシグナルをもたらす化学反応を実行するように構成されるアッセイユニットのアレイと、
前記化学反応を実行するための試薬を収容する試薬ユニットのアレイと、
を含み、前記化学反応を実行するための試薬が前記アッセイユニット内の前記試料の一部と接触するように、前記アッセイユニットのアレイの個々のアッセイユニットおよび前記試薬ユニットのアレイの個々の試薬ユニットが流体連絡へと移動可能であるように構成されるカートリッジ。 - 前記体液試料を受け入れるように構成される試料収集ユニットをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記個々の試薬ユニットが、移動可能なアッセイユニットを受け入れるように構成される、請求項1または2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記個々のアッセイユニットがアッセイチップを含む、請求項1または2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記個々のアッセイユニットが、イムノアッセイを実行するように構成される、請求項1または2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記体液試料が血液試料である、請求項1または2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記試料収集ユニットが、容量約20マイクロリットル以下の前記体液試料を受け入れるように構成される、請求項2または3に記載のデバイス。
- 前記試料収集ユニットが、1滴の血液である容量の前記体液試料を受け入れるように構成される、請求項2または3に記載のデバイス。
- 化学反応を実行して前記解析対象を検出するために前記体液試料の一部を取り出すように構成される前処理ユニットをさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記体液試料が全血試料であり、前記一部が血漿である、請求項10に記載のデバイス。
- 体液試料中における解析対象の自動検出システムであって、
a.請求項1または2に記載のデバイスと、
b.前記解析対象の存在または不在を示す検出可能なシグナルを検出するための検出アセンブリーと
を含むシステム。 - 前記個々のアッセイユニットを第1の位置から第2の位置へと移動させるように構成されるプログラム可能な機械デバイスをさらに含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 流体移送デバイスをさらに含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記流体移送デバイスがピペットである、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記流体移送デバイスが自動式である、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 検出される前記解析対象に基づくプロトコールを送信するための通信アセンブリーをさらに含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 個々のアッセイユニットを受け入れるように構成される加熱ブロックをさらに含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 磁性ブロックをさらに含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 体液試料中における複数種の解析対象の自動検出システムであって、
前記体液試料を収容するように構成される試料収集ユニット、
検出される前記複数種の解析対象の個々の解析対象を示すシグナルをもたらす化学反応を実行するように個々のアッセイユニットが構成されるアッセイユニットのアレイ、および
個々の試薬ユニットが試薬を収容する試薬ユニットのアレイ
を含む流体デバイスと、
前記個々のアッセイユニットに係合するように個々のヘッドが構成される複数のヘッドを含み、前記試料収集ユニットからの前記体液試料および前記個々の試薬ユニットからの前記試薬の、前記個々のアッセイユニットへの流体移送を方向づけるように構成されるプログラム可能なプロセッサーを含む流体移送デバイスと
を含むシステム。 - 前記複数種の解析対象が前記システムで検出可能となるように、流体移送を方向づけるプロセッサーの構成により、前記アッセイユニットのアレイ内における前記体液試料のある希釈度を達成し、検出される前記複数種の解析対象を示すシグナルを検出可能な範囲内に収める、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記体液試料が、少なくとも2桁分異なる濃度で存在する少なくとも2種の解析対象を含む、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記体液試料が、少なくとも5桁分異なる濃度で存在する少なくとも2種の解析対象を含む、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記体液試料の前記希釈度により、前記少なくとも2種の解析対象を示すシグナルを前記検出可能な範囲内に収める、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出可能な範囲のシグナル強度を検出するように構成される検出器をさらに含む、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出器が光電子増倍管である、請求項25に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出可能な範囲が毎秒約1000〜約100万カウントである、請求項26に記載のシステム。
- 前記体液試料が約20ul未満である、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記体液試料が1滴の血液である、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記個々のヘッドが前記個々のアッセイユニットに接着するように構成される、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記個々のアッセイユニットがイムノアッセイ反応サイトを提供する、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記個々のアッセイユニットがピペットチップである、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記流体移送デバイスがピペットである、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記ピペットが空気置換式ピペットである、請求項33に記載のシステム。
- 前記流体移送デバイスが、プログラム可能なプロセッサーと連絡しているモーターをさらに含む、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記モーターが、前記プログラム可能なプロセッサーからのプロトコールに基づき、前記複数のヘッドを移動させ、場合によって、前記プログラム可能なプロセッサーが外部デバイスから送信されたプロトコールに応答する、請求項35に記載のシステム。
- 全血試料の血漿部分中における解析対象の自動検出システムであって、
a.前記全血試料を自動的に受け入れ処理して前記血漿部分をもたらすように構成され、前記目的の解析対象の存在または不在を示す検出可能なシグナルがオンボードで前記血漿部分から発生するデバイスと、
b.前記解析対象の存在または不在を示す前記検出可能なシグナルを検出するための検出アセンブリーと
を含むシステム。 - 体液試料中における解析対象を検出する方法であって、
a.請求項1または2に記載のデバイスに血液試料を供給するステップと、
b.前記試料を少なくとも1つのアッセイユニット内で反応させるステップと、
c.前記体液試料中において収集された前記解析対象から発生する前記検出可能なシグナルを検出するステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記体液試料が血液であり、前記方法が前記血液から血漿を取り出すステップをさらに含む、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 体液試料中における解析対象の自動検出カートリッジのオンデマンドアセンブリー法であって、デバイスがハウジングを含み、前記ハウジングが、前記解析対象の存在または不在を示す検出可能なシグナルをもたらす化学反応を実行するように個々のアッセイユニットが構成されるアドレス可能なアッセイユニットのアレイ、および前記個々のアッセイユニットに対応するように個々の試薬ユニットがアドレスされるアドレス可能な試薬ユニットのアレイを含み、
(i)エンドユーザーによりオーダーされた目的の解析対象を検出する化学反応を実行するように個々のアッセイユニットが構成されるアドレス可能なアッセイユニットのアレイを、検出される前記解析対象に従って前記ハウジング内に配置するステップと、
(ii)個々の試薬ユニットが前記個々のアッセイユニットに対応する試薬ユニットのアレイを、検出される前記解析対象に従って前記ハウジング内に配置するステップと、
(iii)(i)および(ii)のアレイを前記デバイスの前記ハウジング内に固定するステップと
を含む方法。 - 検出される解析対象を選択するステップをさらに含む、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記カートリッジをシーリングするステップをさらに含む、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 検出される前記解析対象を示す読み取り可能なラベルにより前記カートリッジをラベルするステップをさらに含む、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記読み取り可能なラベルがバーコードまたはRFIDである、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 体液試料中における複数種の解析対象の自動検出法であって、
a.前記体液試料を収容するように構成される試料収集ユニット、検出される前記複数種の解析対象の個々の解析対象を示すシグナルをもたらす化学反応を実行するように個々のアッセイユニットが構成されるアッセイユニットのアレイ、および個々の試薬ユニットが試薬を収容する試薬ユニットのアレイを含む流体デバイスに前記体液試料を供給するステップと、
b.流体移送デバイスを用いて前記個々のアッセイユニットを係合するステップと、
c.前記流体移送デバイスを用いて前記体液試料を前記試料収集ユニットから前記個々のアッセイユニットへと移送するステップと、
d.前記試薬を前記個々の試薬ユニットから前記個々のアッセイユニットへと移送し、これにより、前記試薬を前記体液試料と反応させて、検出される前記複数種の解析対象の前記個々の解析対象を示す前記シグナルをもたらすステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記流体移送デバイスが、前記個々のアッセイユニットを係合するように個々のヘッドが構成される複数のヘッドを含み、前記流体移送デバイスが、前記試料収集ユニットからの前記体液試料および前記個々の試薬ユニットからの前記試薬の、前記個々のアッセイユニットへの流体移送を方向づけるように構成されるプログラム可能なプロセッサーを含む、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 命令を前記プログラム可能なプロセッサーに下すステップをさらに含む、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 前記命令が、前記体液試料を前記個々のアッセイユニットへと移送する前記ステップを方向づける、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記体液試料を移送する前記ステップにより、前記個々のアッセイユニット内における前記体液試料のある希釈度を達成し、検出される前記複数種の解析対象の前記個々の解析対象を示す前記シグナルを検出可能な範囲内に収める、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記体液試料が、少なくとも2桁分異なる濃度で存在する少なくとも2種の個々の解析対象を含む、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記体液試料が、少なくとも5桁分異なる濃度で存在する少なくとも2種の個々の解析対象を含む、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記体液試料の前記希釈度により、前記少なくとも2種の個々の解析対象を示すシグナルを前記検出可能な範囲内に収める、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記検出可能な範囲が、光電子倍増管で検出され、毎秒約1000〜約100万カウントである、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記体液試料が、約20ul未満である、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記体液試料が1滴の血液である、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記個々の試薬ユニット内における前記試薬がイムノアッセイ用の酵素基質である、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 検出される複数種の解析対象の個々の解析対象を示すシグナルをもたらす反応が完了した後で、前記個々の試薬ユニットから前記試薬を移送するステップを反復し、これにより、前記個々の解析対象を示す第2のシグナルをもたらす第2の反応を創出するステップをさらに含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記個々の解析対象を示す前記シグナルの強度および前記第2のシグナルの第2の強度を平均して、前記個々の解析対象を示す前記シグナルの最終強度を計算する、請求項57に記載の方法。
- 生物学的流体試料の容量を測定する方法であって、
a.前記試料中における公知の量の対照解析対象を試薬と反応させて、前記対照解析対象の量を示す検出可能なシグナルをもたらすステップと、
b.前記検出可能なシグナルを、予測される検出可能なシグナルと比較するステップであって、前記予測されるシグナルが前記試料の予測容量を示し、前記比較が、測定される前記試料の前記容量の測定値を与えるステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記対照解析対象が通常、前記試料中において、検出可能な量では存在しない、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記試料の前記容量の前記測定値が、前記試料の前記予測容量の約50%以内である場合に、前記試料の前記容量を検証するステップをさらに含む、請求項59に記載の方法。
- a.標的解析対象を含有する体液試料を、前記標的解析対象を示す検出可能なシグナルをもたらす試薬と反応させるステップと、
b.前記標的解析対象を示す前記検出可能なシグナルおよび前記液体試料の前記容量の前記測定値に基づき、前記体液試料中における標的解析対象の量を測定するステップと
をさらに含む、請求項59に記載の方法。 - 液体試料と体液試料とが同じ試料である、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記対照解析対象が前記体液試料中における前記標的解析対象と反応しない、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記液体試料と前記体液試料とが異なる液体試料である、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記対照解析対象が、アルブミン、フルオレセイン、IgG、プロテインC、フルオレセイン標識アルブミン、フルオレセイン標識IgG、抗フルオレセイン、抗ジゴキシゲニン、ジゴキシゲニン標識アルブミン、ジゴキシゲニン標識IgG、ビオチン化タンパク質、および非ヒトIgGからなる群から選択される、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 請求項12または19に記載のシステムにおいて実施される、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 血液試料から血漿を取り出す方法であって、
a.試料収集ユニット内における磁化可能粒子の存在下で血液試料を混合するステップであって、前記磁化可能粒子が、前記血液試料の非血漿部分に結合する抗体捕捉表面を含むステップと、
b.血漿収集領域の上方から前記混合された血液試料へと磁場を適用し、前記血漿収集領域の上部で前記血液試料の前記非血漿部分を懸濁させるステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記試料収集ユニットが毛細管である、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記血液試料が約20マイクロリットル未満である、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記取り出される血漿が約10マイクロリットル未満である、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記血液試料が希釈されない、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記混合するステップが、固体表面に結合しない抗体の存在下で行われる、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記混合するステップが、シリンジ動作により混合するステップを含む、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 請求項12または19に記載のシステムにおいて実施される、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 自動イムノアッセイを用いて全血試料の血漿部分中に存在する解析対象を検出する方法であって、
a.全血試料をオンボードで自動的に受け入れ処理して前記血漿部分をもたらすように構成され、目的の解析対象の存在または不在を示す検出可能なシグナルがオンボードで前記血漿部分から発生するデバイスに前記全血試料を供給するステップと、
b.前記体液試料中における前記解析対象の存在または不在を示す前記シグナルを検出するステップと、
c.(b)の結果をエンドユーザーに送信するステップと
を含む方法。 - 前記イムノアッセイがELISAである、請求項76に記載の方法。
- 前記結果が無線で送信される、請求項76に記載の方法。
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