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CN1596102A - 调节释放剂型 - Google Patents

调节释放剂型 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1596102A
CN1596102A CNA028235401A CN02823540A CN1596102A CN 1596102 A CN1596102 A CN 1596102A CN A028235401 A CNA028235401 A CN A028235401A CN 02823540 A CN02823540 A CN 02823540A CN 1596102 A CN1596102 A CN 1596102A
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China
Prior art keywords
dosage form
capsid
kernel
active component
weight
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Pending
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CNA028235401A
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English (en)
Inventor
D·-Y·李
S·-P·李
N·帕里克
H·S·索登
M·托马斯
D·怀恩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
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McNeil PPC Inc
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Priority claimed from US09/966,450 external-priority patent/US6982094B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/966,497 external-priority patent/US7122143B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/966,939 external-priority patent/US6837696B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/966,509 external-priority patent/US6767200B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/967,414 external-priority patent/US6742646B2/en
Application filed by McNeil PPC Inc filed Critical McNeil PPC Inc
Publication of CN1596102A publication Critical patent/CN1596102A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

一种剂型,该剂型含有:(a)一个含有至少一种活性成分的核仁,和(b)一个围绕该核仁的模制衣壳,当该剂型与液体介质接触时所述衣壳提供了所述活性成分的溶解一个小时以上预定时间的延迟。这种延迟不依赖于所述介质的pH值。衣壳的重量为核仁重量的50%,衣壳的厚度约500-4000微米,或基本上没有直径0.5-5.0微米的孔。

Description

调节释放剂型
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及调节释放剂型,例如调节释放药物组合物。更具体说,本发明涉及的调节释放剂型具有一个核仁和围绕该核仁的衣壳。所述核仁含有至少一种活性成分,围绕的衣壳在该剂型接触液体介质,如水或胃肠液后,提供了所述活性成分1小时以上的延迟溶解,这种延迟不依赖于液体介质的pH。
背景信息
长期以来采用调节释放药物剂型,可具体通过减少病人每日必须服用的药量来优化药物的输递和提高病人的顺从性。为此目的,常需要减慢剂型中药物(一类特别优选的活性成分)释放入病人胃肠(g.i.)液的速度,即减缓药物释放以提供该药物在机体中的长时间作用。
口服药用活性成分抵达机体中其作用部位的速度取决于许多因素,包括药物通过胃肠(g.i.)粘膜吸收的速度和程度。要被吸收入循环(血液)系统、药物必须先溶于胃肠液。许多药物扩散通过胃肠粘膜比溶解要快,此时,活性成分的溶解就成为药物吸收的速率限制步骤,通过控制溶解速度就可以控制药物吸收入病人循环系统的速度。
调节释放剂型的重要目标是提供药物的理想的血浓度与时间的曲线图(药代动力学图或PK)。药物的PK图基本上受药物吸收入血液的速度和药物从血液消除的速度的支配。理想类型的PK图在许多因素中取决于具体药物的活性成分和待治疗的生理状况。
可通过输递调节释放性溶解方式的剂型实现许多药物和生理状况的理想PK曲线图,此时,剂型在病人消化后其中的药物释放可按预定时间延迟。迟后期(“迟后时间”)之后可快速释放活性成分(“延迟后的暴发性释放”)或持续(延长、延时或延迟)释放活性成分(“延迟后的持续释放”)。
特别理想类型的调节释放PK曲线图是“脉动式”曲线图。例如此图中第一剂量药物是立即输递,然后延迟一段时间,此段时间内,血液中该药物的治疗浓度维持在接近第一剂量的水平,然后或快速释放或持续释放该药物剩余的剂量。
设计调节释放系统特别困难方面包括体内延迟时间的可预测性和重复性。生理学系统如人的胃肠道有着很高程度的内在和内部变化,例如小肠运动和pH值的变化。对于重复性和可预测性,需要一种不依赖于调节释放药物剂型所处环境pH的调节释放机制。
剂型以减慢的速度(如延迟性、脉动性、持续性、延长、延时或延迟释放)输递药物从所周知的机制包括扩散、腐蚀和渗透。
一种通过扩散控制的释放系统,将活性成分包含分布在整个不溶性多孔基质中,活性成分必须扩散通过这种基质才能被病人血流所吸收。在下沉(sink)状况(即基质表面的药物浓度大大高于大量溶液中的药物浓度)下给定时间中药物释放的量取决于基质的面积(A)、扩散系数(D)、基质的孔隙率(E)和曲率(T)、药物在溶液介质中的溶解度(Cs)、时间(t)和剂型中的药物浓度(Cp):
M=A(DE/T(2Cp-ECs)(Cs)t)1/2
注意上述关系式中,药物释放的量通常与时间的平方根成比例。假设剂型中基质的孔隙率和曲率等因素是恒定的,药物释放量与时间平方根的图谱应为线性曲线。
常用的通过腐蚀控制的释放系统,包含一种药物分布在其中的“基质”。该基质通常含有表面可膨胀的材料,此材料能一层一层地慢慢溶解掉,随其溶解药物即释放出来。这些系统的药物释放速度,dM/dt,取决于该基质的剥蚀速度(dx/dt),基质中药物的浓度状况和该系统的表面积(A):
dM/dt=A{dx/dt}{f(C)}
此外,上述一项或多项的变化,如表面积的变化,通常导致不恒定的药物释放速度。通常,腐蚀控制释放系统的药物释放速度遵循一级动力学规律。
另一种腐蚀控制输递系统,采用可膨胀性能通过表面剥蚀慢慢溶解掉的材料,也可用于提供药用活性成分的调节释放。例如,调节释放可采用脉动式或重复式作用的输递系统,该系统输送一次立即释放的剂量,然后经过预定的延迟时间后,输递后续剂量。这些系统中,延迟时间(T1)取决于腐蚀层的厚度(h)和基质的腐蚀速度(dx/dt),后者又取决于基质组分的膨胀速度和溶解度:
T1=h(dx/dt)
这些系统在给定时间内的药物释放累积量通常遵循以下公式:
M=(dM/dt)(t-T1)
其中:dM/dt见以上扩散控制的或腐蚀控制的公式所述,T1是延迟时间。
设计剂型常常是采用上述机制的组合以达到某具体活性成分的特别理想的释放曲线图。
目前的调节释放系统受到了用于制造它们的方法以及适合用于当前方法材料的限制。可提供调节释放性能的衣壳或包衣通常采用常规方法,如在包衣盘中喷雾包衣来施加。盘法包衣产生基本上围绕核仁的一层衣壳。此层衣壳的功能受到其本身限制。可以通过盘法包衣施加多层同心园衣壳,各层具有不同功能,然而这类系统受到了外层衣壳必须先溶解,然后,后续的各层才能发挥功能的限制。此外,通过喷雾法施加的包衣组合物受到其粘性限制。喷雾包衣法另一有限性是耗时和成本高。一种提供药物调节释放众所周知和常用的设计,是采用肠包衣材料,给含药物的颗粒或剂型的表面包衣。肠包衣材料通常选自仅在某种pH范围高于典型胃液,例如pH高于5.5、高于6.0、高于pH7.0的液体环境中才溶解的聚合物系统。虽然这些系统可用于保护某些酸不稳定性活性成分免受胃液破坏,或保护胃粘膜不受某些活性成分的损害,但由于胃肠道pH和运动的变化,这些系统用于程控定时调节释放系统受到限制。
常规喷雾包衣法实现了pH不依赖性的药物调节释放。例如G.Maffione等在“高粘性HPMC作为膜包衣剂”,Drug.Development and Industrial Pharmacy(1993),19(16),2043-2053中,叙述了一种核仁或片型基质,包围有一衣壳或包衣,提供了延迟的暴发性溶解曲线模式。包衣占该核仁重量的12.5-25%。优选的包衣配方采用分散在非水性溶剂中的可膨胀膜,其喷雾能力需要低浓度聚合物(5-10%)和用乙醇作为“非水性溶剂”。
也已知道盘法包衣输递的第一剂量活性成分来自包衣,第二剂量活性成分来自核仁。例如,美国专利4,576.604公开了一种渗透装置(剂型),其含有一层壁(包衣)围绕的药物小室,包衣中含有立即释放剂量的药物,内部药物小室装有持续释放剂量的药物。
或者,常规的控释系统可通过压缩制备,产生或者堆叠的多层构型,或者核仁和衣壳构型,通过压缩制备调节释放剂型的例子见美国专利5,738,874和6,294,200以及WO 99/51209。
有可能通过压缩包衣产生pH不依赖性定时药物调节释放。美国专利5,464,633公开了通过压缩包衣工艺施加外包衣层的调节释放剂型。包衣重量为核仁重量的105-140%,以产生具有所需时间调节释放方式的产品。
压缩包衣剂型受到衣壳厚度和衣壳组成的限制。例如,Gunsel等在《药物剂型表》(Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms-Tablets)的“压缩包衣和层状片剂”(Compression-coated and layer tablets)”,H.A.Lieberman,L.Lachman和J.B.Schwarty编(第二版,重编和增订,Marcel Dekker有限公司,247-284页,中揭示的压缩衣壳厚度通常在800-1200微米之间。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种剂型,该剂型含有一个核仁和围绕该核仁的衣壳,此核仁含有至少一种活性成分,围绕核仁的衣壳重量至少是该核仁重量的50%,衣壳在该剂型接触液体介质时提供所述活性成分1小时以上的延迟溶解,这种延迟不依赖于液体介质的pH。
本发明的其它目的、特征和优点本领域技术人员阅读了以下本发明详细描述后将会明白。
                           发明概述
本发明的剂型含有:
(a)一个含有至少一种活性成分的核仁,和
(b)一围绕此核仁的模制衣壳,该衣壳在此剂型与液体介质接触后提供了所述活性成分预定的1小时以上时间的延迟溶解,并且这种延迟不依赖该液体介质的pH。
一实施例中,所述衣壳的重量为此核仁重量的至少50%。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳的厚度为约500-4000微米。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳的厚度为约100-600微米。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳的表面光泽为至少约150光泽度单位。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳基本上没有直径0.5-5.0微米的孔。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳含有至少30%的热可逆性载体。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳含有至少10%的成膜剂。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳还含有与核仁中包含的活性成分可能相同或不同的至少一种活性成分。
另一实施例中,所述剂型还含有一层覆盖此衣壳至少一部分的外层包衣,该外层包衣含有至少一种可能与核仁中所含的活性成分可能相同或不同的活性成分。
另一实施例中,所述核仁是一种压缩的片剂。
另一实施例中,所述核仁为含有至少一种活性成分的包衣颗粒。
另一实施例中,所述核仁通过模压制备。
另一实施例中,所述核仁基本上没有直径0.5-5.0微米的孔。
另一实施例中,所述核仁含有至少约30%重量的热可逆性载体。
另一实施例中,所述核仁含有调节释放的赋形剂。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳不是施加在核仁上的压缩包衣。
另一实施例中,所述剂型提供了至少一种活性成分的立即释放,然后延迟至少约1小时,随后暴发性释放至少一种活性成分。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳采用无溶剂模制工艺制备。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳含有重量至少30%的热可逆性载体。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳含有重量高达55%重量的可膨胀性可腐蚀性疏水材料。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳用溶剂为基础的模制工艺制备。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳含有至少10%重量的成膜剂。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳含有高达55%重量的调节释放的赋形剂。
另一实施例中,所述剂型提供了活性成分延迟的暴发性释放。
另一实施例中,所述剂型提供了活性成分延迟的持续性释放。
另一实施例中,所述剂型提供了活性成分的脉动释放方式。
另一实施例中,所述核仁或其一部分还含有占其重量约5-15%的衣壳。
另一实施例中,所述热可逆性载体选自聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷及它们的共聚物和组合。
另一实施例中,所述成膜剂是聚环氧乙烷。
另一实施例中,所述调节释放的赋形剂是一种膨胀性交联聚合物。
另一实施例中,所述膨胀性交联聚合物是交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳还含有一种增塑剂。
另一实施例中,所述增塑剂是柠檬酸三丁酯。
另一实施例中,所述衣壳用基于溶液的模制工艺制备,该衣壳的重量为核仁重量的约10-60%。
                           附图简述
图1为本发明一实施例的模截面视图。
图2为实施例1剂型各小时活性成分释放的百分率。
图3为实施例2剂型各小时活性成分释放的百分率。
图4为实施例3剂型各小时活性成分释放的百分率。
                            发明详述
本文所用术语“剂型”,用于指设计用来包含具体预定量(即剂量)某种成分,如以下定义的活性成分的任何固体、半固体或液体组合物,合适的剂型可以是药物输递系统,包括口服、口颊部给药、直肠给药、局部或粘膜输递或皮下植入物或其它植入性药物输递系统或输递矿物质、维生素和其它营养物的组合物、口腔护理剂型、香味剂和它们的混合物。合适的药物包括止痛药、抗炎药、抗关节炎药、麻醉药、抗组织胺药、镇咳药、抗感染药、抗病毒药、抗血凝药、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病药、止吐药、排气药、解痉药、开胃药、抑制药、支气管扩张药、心血管药、中枢神经系统药、中枢神经系统刺激剂、解充血药、利尿药、祛痰药、肠胃药、偏头痛药、运动病制剂、粘液溶解药、肌肉松弛药、骨质疏松制剂、口服避孕药、聚二甲基硅氧烷类、呼吸系统药、催眠药、尿道药物及其混合物。
合适的口腔护理药包括呼吸清新剂、牙齿增白剂、抗微生物剂型、牙齿增矿物剂、龋齿抵剂型、局部麻醉药、粘蛋白保护剂。
合适的香味剂包括薄荷脑、薄荷、薄荷香精、水果香精、巧克力、香草、口香糖香精、咖啡香精、甜酒香精和组合等。
合适的胃肠道药包括抗酸药如碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、碳酸镁、氢氧化铝、碳酸氢钠、碳酸二羟化铝钠;刺激性轻泻剂,例如,比沙可啶、鼠李皮、丹蒽醌、番泻叶、酚酞、芦荟、蓖麻油、蓖麻油酸、和脱氢胆酸及其混合物;H2受体拮抗剂,例如,法莫替丁(famotadine)、雷尼替丁、西咪替丁(cimetadine)、尼扎替丁;质子泵抑制剂,例如,奥美拉唑或兰索拉唑;胃肠道细胞防护剂,例如,硫糖铝(sucraflate)和米索前列醇;胃肠道前动力剂,例如,普卡比利(prucalopride);对于幽门螺杆菌的抗生素,例如,克拉霉素、阿莫西林、四环素和甲硝哒唑;抗止泻药,例如,苯乙哌啶和洛哌丁胺;甘吡咯溴;止吐药,例如,昂丹司琼;镇痛剂,例如,氨水杨酸(mesalamine)。
本发明另一实施例中,所述活性成分可选自比沙可啶、法莫替丁、雷尼替丁、甲腈咪胍、普卡比利、苯乙哌啶、洛哌丁胺、乳糖分解酶、氨水杨酸、铋、抗酸剂和它们药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体及其混合物。
其中的活性剂选自丙酸衍生的NSAID,例如,布洛芬、萘普生、氟比洛芬、非诺洛芬、吲哚洛芬、吲哚苯丙酸、酮洛芬、氟苯丙酸、吡洛芬、卡洛芬、氧苯丙酸、普拉洛芬、舒洛芬及其药学上可接受的盐、衍生物及其组合物。在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其中的活性剂可选自醋氨酚、乙酰水杨酸、布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、双氯芬酸、环苯扎林、美洛昔康、罗非昔布、塞来昔布及其药学上可接受的盐、衍生物及其组合物。在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其中的活性剂可选自醋氨酚、乙酰水杨酸、布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、双氯芬酸、环苯扎林、美洛昔康、罗非昔布、塞来昔布及其药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体及其混合物。
另一实施例中,所述活性成分选自止痛药,抗炎药和退热药,如非类固醇抗炎药(NSA1D)包括丙酸衍生物如布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬等;醋酸衍生物如吲哚美辛,双氯芬酸、舒林酸、托美丁等;灭酸衍生物如甲灭酸、氯甲灭酸、氟灭酸等;柳联苯羧酸(biphenylcarbodylic acid)衍生物如二氟尼柳、氟苯柳等;以及昔康类,例如,吡罗昔康、舒多昔康、伊索昔康、美洛昔康等。特别优选的实施例中,所述活性成分选自丙酸衍生的NSA1D,如布洛芬、萘普生、氟比洛芬、芬布芬、非诺洛芬、吲哚洛芬、酮洛芬、氟洛芬、吡洛芬、卡洛芬、奥沙普秦、普拉洛芬、舒洛芬和它们的药学上可接受的盐、衍生物和组合。在本发明一具体实施例中,所述活性成分选自醋氨酚、乙酰水杨酸、布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、双氯芬酸、环苯扎林、美洛昔康、罗非昔布、塞来昔布和它们的药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体和混合物。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其中的活性剂可选自伪麻黄素、苯丙醇胺、氯苯吡胺、右美沙芬、苯海拉明、阿司咪唑、特非那定、非索非那定、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定(desloratadine)、西替利嗪及其混合物及其药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体及其混合物。
合适的聚二甲基硅氧烷的例子包括但不限于二甲硅油和西甲硅油,见美国专利4,906,478;5,275,822和6,103,260所述。各专利内容纳入本文作参考,本文用的术语“西甲硅油”指更广泛类型的聚二甲基硅氧烷,包括但不限于西甲硅油和二甲硅油。
所述活性成分在该剂型中以治疗有效量存在,该有效量口服后能产生所需的治疗反应,本领域技术人员不难确定。确定待给予药物的具体活性成分的有效量时,必须考虑该活性成分的生物利用度特性、剂量方案、患者年龄与体重和其它因素,这是该领域知道的。通常,所述剂型含有至少5%重量,优选含有至少50%重量的活性成分。一优选实施例中,所述核仁含有至少25%重量的活性成分(根据核仁重量计算)。
所述活性成分可以任何形式存在于该剂型中。例如,活性成分可以分子水平分数,如融化或溶解在该剂型中;或可以是颗粒形式,从而可包衣或不包衣。如果活性成分是颗粒形式,则此颗粒(不论包衣或不包衣)通常的平均粒子大小约为1-2000微米。一优选实施例中,这种颗粒是平均粒子大小约1-300微米的晶体。另一优选实施例中,这些颗粒或小块平均粒子大小约50-2000微米,优选约50-1000微米,最优选约100-800微米。
本发明某些实施例中,如本领域所知,所述活性成分的至少一部分用调节释放包衣包裹。其优点是提供了最优化的该剂型释放活性成分方式的一种额外手段。合适的调节释放包衣的例子见美国专利4,173,626;4,863,742;4,980,170;4,984,240;5,286,497;5,912,013;6,270,805和6,322,819。也可采用市场上购得的具有调节释放包衣的活性颗粒。因此,可用调节释放材料包衣一种或多种活性成分的全部或一部分。
本发明某些实施例中,可通过采用其它外层包衣覆盖所述衣壳来进一步提高实现本发明设计的剂型和可行性程度。可用已知方法,如喷雾、浸渍、印制、滚桶包裹、压缩或通过模制施加附加的外层包衣。这类实施例中,本发明的剂型包括:含有至少一种活性成分的核仁;围绕该核仁的模制衣壳,该衣壳当所述剂型接触液体介质后,提供了所述活性成分预定的延迟1小时以上的溶解,并且这种延迟不依赖于该液体介质的pH;和覆盖所述衣壳至少一部分的外层外衣。一特别优选实施例中,所述剂型是一种脉动式药物输递系统,此系统中的外层包衣含有立即释放的一种活性成分(外层包衣的活性成分的溶解性符合美国药典对所用具体活性成分的即释放剂型的规定)。
实施例中如要求活性分成被吸收入动物的循环系统中,该活性成分宜在与液体如水、胃酸、肠液等接触时能够溶解。一实施例中,至少一种活性成分的溶解特性符合美国药典含有该活性成分的即刻释放药片的规定。例如,对于醋氨酚(扑热息痛)片剂,USP 24规定在pH5.8磷酸缓冲剂中,采用USP装置2(浆叶)搅拌50rpm,该剂中含的醋氨酚在搅拌后30分钟内释放至少80%,对于布洛芬片剂,USP 24规定在pH7.2磷酸缓冲液中,采用USP装置2(浆叶)搅拌50rpm后60分钟内,该片剂中所含的布洛芬释放至少80%。见USP24,2000版19-20和856(1999)页。在至少立即释放一种活性成分实施例中,该立即释放的活性成分优选包含在所述衣壳中或其表面,如包裹驻留在该衣壳的至少一部分中。另一实施例中,至少一种活性成分的溶解特性是缓慢的,如可控的、持续的、延长的、延时的或延迟的等。在至少一种活性成分是调节释放方式的实施例中,该调节释放的活性成分优选包含在核仁中。
图1显示本发明一实施例的横截面图,图中核仁2含有活性成分,衣壳4围绕核仁2,提供了该剂型接触液体介质后所述活性成分1小时以上的延迟溶解,这种溶解的延迟不依赖该液体介质的pH。衣壳材料的重量是核仁材料重量的至少50%。
本发明的核仁可通过任何合适的方法制备包括例如:压缩或模制。根据其制备的方法,此核仁含有活性成分和各种赋形剂(可用作赋予核仁所需物理性能的无活性成分。)
一实施例中,此核仁用压缩方法制备,所用设备见美国待批专利申请09/966,590,16-17页所述,其内容本文作为参考。具体说,此核仁采用包括填装区、置入区、压缩区、喷射区和净化区的旋转式压缩模块制备,此模子的一装置中具有双排模孔结构,见美国专利申请09/966,509中附图所示。该压缩模块的模子宜借真室泵帮助填充,滤网位于各模子中或附近。该压缩模块中的净化区包括一任选的粉末回收系统以回收滤网的多余粉末并将粉末送回模子中。
在采用压缩制备核仁或其一部分的实施例中,如本领域所知,合适的赋形剂包括填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、滑粉等。在用压缩和其它可赋予活性成分调节释放材料制备核仁的实施例中,该核仁优选还含有压缩的调节释放的赋形剂。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的填充剂包括水溶性可压缩碳水化合物如:糖。包括右旋葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和乳糖;糖醇包括甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇;淀粉水解物包括糊精和麦芽糊精等;水不溶性可塑变形物质如微晶纤维素或纤维素衍生物,水不溶性易碎材料如磷酸二钙、磷酸三钙等和它们的混合物。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的粘合剂,包括干性粘合剂,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素等;湿性粘合剂如水溶性聚合物包括水凝胶如海藻胶、琼脂、瓜尔胶、角豆胶、角叉菜、tara、阿拉伯胶、凝胶、麦芽糊精、半乳甘露聚糖、石脐素、昆布多糖、scleroglucan、阿拉伯胶、菊芬、果胶、whelan,rhamsan,、菌胶团、methylan、甲壳质、环糊精、脱乙酰壳多糖,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,纤维糖醛、淀粉等和它们的衍生物及混合物。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的崩解剂,包括淀粉甘醇钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素、淀粉、微晶纤维素等。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的润滑剂,包括长链脂肪酸和其如硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸、滑石和蜡。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的助流剂,包括胶体二氧化硅等。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的调节释放的赋形剂,包括可膨胀和腐蚀的亲水性材料、不溶性可食性材料、pH依赖的聚合物等。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的用作调节释放的赋形剂的可膨胀和腐蚀的亲水性材料,包括:水可膨胀纤维素衍生物、聚亚烷基二醇、热可塑聚环氧乙烷、丙烯酸酯聚合物,水凝胶,陶土、胶凝化淀粉和可膨胀交联聚合物及它们的衍生物,共聚物和组合。适合的水可膨胀纤维素衍生物包括羧甲基纤维素钠,交联羟丙基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)如从Dow化学制品公司购买的商品名为METHOCEL K4M、METHOCEL K15M和METHOCEL K100M的商品,羟基异丙基纤维素、羟丁基纤维素、羟苯基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟戊基纤维素、羟丙乙基纤维素、羟丙丁基纤维素、羟丙乙基纤维素。合适的聚亚烷基二醇例子包括聚乙烯二醇。合适的热可塑聚环氧乙烷的例子包括聚氧乙烯。合适的丙烯酸酯聚合物的例子包括甲基丙烯酯二乙烯基苯共聚物,聚甲基甲丙烯酯CARBOPOL(高分子量交联丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物)等。合适的水凝胶例子包括海藻胶、琼脂、瓜尔胶、角豆胶、κ-角叉菜、ι-角叉菜、tara、阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、果胶、黄原胶、明胶、麦芽糊精、半乳甘露聚糖、石脐素、昆布多糖、scleroglucan、阿拉伯胶、菊芬、果胶、whelan,rhamsan,、菌胶团、methylan、甲壳质、环糊精、脱乙酰壳多糖。合适的白陶土例子包括绿土如斑脱土、高岭土和laponite、聚三硅酸镁、硅酸镁铝等,及它们的衍生物和混合物,合适的胶化淀粉例子包括酸水解淀粉,可膨胀淀粉如淀粉甘醇酸钠及其衍生物。
合适的可膨胀交联聚合物例子包括交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联琼脂和交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分作为调节释放的赋形剂的不溶性可食性材料,包括水不溶性聚合物和低融点疏水材料。合适的水不溶性聚合物例子包括乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、乙烯醋酸酯、聚乙酸内酯、乙酸纤维及其衍生物,丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸共聚物等及它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合。合适的低温融化疏水材料包括脂肪、脂肪酸酯、磷酯和蜡。合适的脂肪例子包括氢化植物油如可可脂、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉子油、氢化向日葵油、氢化豆油和游离脂肪酸及其盐。合适的脂肪酸例子包括蔗糖脂肪酸脂、单、双和三甘油脂,甘油二十二酸酯、甘油酰棕榈硬脂酸脂,甘油酰单硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三月桂酸脂、甘油酰肉豆蔻酸脂、GlycoWax-932、月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酰和硬脂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油脂。合适的磷脂例子包括磷脂酰胆碱,磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸。适合的蜡例子包括巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、紫胶蜡、微晶纤维素蜡和石蜡;含脂肪的混合物如巧克力等。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分作为调节释放的赋形剂的pH依赖性聚合物包括肠衣纤维衍生物,例如羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸,羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酰琥珀酸盐,乙酰邻苯二甲酸纤维素,天然树脂如紫胶和和玉米蛋白;肠衣乙酸酯衍生物如聚醋酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、乙醛二甲基纤维素乙酸酯;以及肠衣丙烯酸酯衍生物,如基于聚甲基丙烯酯的聚合物,如以商品名EUDRAGIT S购自Rohm Pharma GmbH的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基甲丙烯酸酯)1∶2,和商品名EUDRAGIT L购自Rohm Pharma GmbH的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基甲丙烯酸)1∶1等及它们的衍生物、盐、共聚物和组合。
适合用压缩法制备核仁或其一部分的药学上可接受的辅佐剂:防腐剂、高强度增甜剂,如天冬甜素、丁磺氨钾、蔗糖精和糖精:芳香剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂,表面活性剂,保温剂等和它们的混合物。
本发明某些优选实施例中,采用制模法制备所述核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分。这些实施例中,用可流动性材料制备所述核酸或衣壳或它们的一部分,可流动性材料可以是任何可食用材料,在37℃-25℃之间温度可流动,而在-10℃-80℃之间,如在-10℃-5℃之间或-10℃-35℃之间温度时是固体,半固体或可形成凝胶。当其是液体或可流动状态时,该可流动材料可包括溶解的或融化的组分和任选的溶剂如水、有机溶剂或它们的组合。用干燥法可部分或基本上除去这些溶剂。
适合制模法制备核仁或衣壳或它们一部分的可流动材料包括热可塑材料、成膜剂、增稠剂如胶凝化聚合物或水凝胶,低融点疏水材料,非晶体化碳水化合物等。可流动材料的合适融化组分包括热可塑材料,低融点疏水材料等。可流动的合适材料,包括成膜剂、增稠剂如胶凝化聚合物或水凝胶,非体化碳水化合物等。
适合制模法制备核仁或衣壳或它们一部分的用作可流动性的材料,包括热可塑材料,当加热时可成模和成形。包括水溶性和水不溶性聚合物二种,通常是线性非交联,毗邻聚合物链间无强的氢键。合适的热可塑材料例子包括热可塑水可膨胀纤维素衍生物、热可塑水不溶性纤维素衍生物、热可塑乙烯聚合物、热可塑淀粉、热可塑聚亚烷基醇、热可塑聚环氧乙烷和两性糖玻璃等,及它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合。合适的热可塑可膨胀纤维素衍生物的例子包括羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)。合适的热可塑水不溶性纤维素衍生物的例子包括乙酸纤维素(CA)、乙基纤维素(EC)、乙酸纤维素丁酯(CAB)、丙酸纤维素。合适的热可塑乙烯聚合物的例子包括聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯乙酯(PVA)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),合适的热可塑淀粉的例子见美国专利5,427,619中所述,其内容本文作参考。合适的热可塑聚环氧乙烷的例子包括分子量约100,000-900,000道尔顿的聚环氧乙烷。其它合适的热可塑材料包括无定形玻璃形式的糖,如制备硬糖果所用的那些。
适合用于本发明可流动材料中的成膜剂是本领域已知道的,合适的成膜剂例子包括但不限于能形成膜的水可溶聚合物、能形成膜的蛋白质、能形成膜的水不溶性聚合物、和能形成膜的pH依赖性聚合物。合适的能形成膜的水溶性聚合物包括水溶性乙烯支链淀粉、甲乙基淀粉羧甲基淀粉、预胶凝淀粉和能形成膜的改性淀粉。水可膨胀纤维素衍生物如羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙基甲基纤维素(HEMC)、羟丁基乙基纤维素(HBMC)、羟乙基乙基纤维素(HEEC)和羟乙基羟丙基甲基纤维素(HEMPMC);水可溶性共聚物如甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇共聚物、聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮共聚物及它们的衍生物和组合。合适的膜形成蛋白可以是天然的或化学修饰的包括明胶、乳清蛋白,肌原纤维蛋白、可凝集蛋白如白蛋白,酪蛋白,酪蛋白酸盐和酪蛋白分离物,大豆蛋白和大豆蛋白分离物,玉米蛋白及它们的聚合物衍生物和混合物。合适的膜形成水不溶性聚合物包括例如乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯乙酯,聚乙酸内酯,乙酯纤维及其衍生物,丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸,丙烯酸共聚物等及它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合。合适的膜形成pH依赖性聚合物包括肠衣纤维素如羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酰琥珀酸酯、乙酰纤维素邻苯二甲酯;天然树脂如紫胶和玉米蛋白;肠衣乙酸酯衍生物如聚醋酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、乙醛二甲基纤维素乙酸酯;以及肠衣丙烯酸酯衍生物,如基于聚甲基丙烯酯的聚合物,如以商品名EUDRAGIT S购自Rohm Pharma GmbH的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基甲丙烯酸酯)1∶2,和商品名EUDRAGIT L购自Rohm Pharma GmbH的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基甲丙烯酸)1∶1等及它们的衍生物、盐、共聚物和组合。
用作热可塑膜形成水溶性聚合物的适合羟丙基甲基纤维素化合物是“HPMC2910”,是一种纤维素酯,摩尔置换度约1.9,羟丙基摩尔置换度约0.23,根据此化合物重量级含有约29-30%的甲氧基和约7-12%的羟丙基。HPMC可购自Dow化学制品公司,商品名为METHOCEL E。METHOCEL E5是适合于用于本发明的一类HPMC-2910,在20℃ 2%水溶液中用Ubbelohde粘度计测定的粘度为约4-6cps(4-6毫帕-秒)。类似地,METHOCEL E6是适合于用于本发明的另一类HPMC-2910,在20℃2%水溶液中用Ubbelohde粘度计测定的粘度为约5-7cps(5-7毫帕-秒)。METHOCEL E15是适合于用于本发明的另一类HPMC-2910,在20℃2%水溶液中用Ubbelohde粘度计测定的粘度为约1000cps(15毫帕/每秒)。本文所用“置换度”指结合于葡糖苷环的取代基团平均数,“羟丙其摩尔置换度”指每分子葡糖酐的羟丙基摩尔数。
合适的聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇共聚物购自BASF公司,商品名KOLLICOAT IR。
“变性淀粉”在这里包括通过交联、化学修饰变性以提高稳定性或最佳表现,或通过物理修饰变性以提高稳定性或最佳表现的淀粉。化学修饰淀粉的例子是本领域熟知的,通常包括经化学处理的发生某些羟基和酯基或醚基被置换的那些淀粉。当相邻淀粉分子的两羟基化学连接时,改性淀粉中可发生交联。“预胶凝化淀粉”或“速溶淀粉”指经预先湿化然后干燥的改性淀粉,以提高它们在冷水中的溶解性。合适的改性淀粉可购自同家供货商,如A.E.Staley制造公司和国立淀粉和化学制品公司(National Starch & Chemical Company),。合适的膜形成改性淀粉包括预胶凝化蜡样玉米衍生淀粉可购自国立淀粉和化学制品公司,商品名PURlTY GUM和FKMSET,及它们的衍生物、共聚物和混合物。根据淀粉的总重量这种蜡样玉米淀粉通常含有约0-18%的直链淀粉和约100-80%的支链淀粉。
另一合适的膜形成改性淀粉包括羟丙基化淀粉,该淀粉中的某些羟基通常用氢化丙烯处理被羟丙基酯化。具有膜形成性能的合适的羟丙基淀粉的一个例子可购自Grain Processing公司,商品名PURE-COTE B790。
用作成膜剂的合适木薯淀粉糊精可购自国立淀粉和化学制品公司商品名CRYSTAC GUM或K-4484,其衍生物如木薯的改性食物淀粉可购自国立淀粉和化学制品公司,商品名PURlTY GUM40,及它们的共聚物和混合物。
本领域已知道可用于可流动性材料中的增稠剂,其例子包括但不限于水凝胶(本文又称为胶凝化聚合物)、陶土、胶凝化淀粉和微晶化碳水化合物,及它们的衍生物、共聚物和混合物。合适的水凝胶(本文又称为胶凝化聚合物)例子如海藻胶、琼脂、瓜尔胶、角豆胶、角叉菜、tara、阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、果胶、黄原胶、明胶、麦芽糊精、半乳甘露聚糖、石脐素、昆布多糖、Sceleraglncan、阿拉伯胶、菊芬、果胶、Whelan、rhamsan、菌胶团、methylan、甲壳质、环糊精,、脱乙酰壳多糖。合适的陶土例子包括绿土,如斑脱土、高岭土和laponito,、聚三硅酸镁、硅酸镁铝等,及它们的衍生物和混合物。其它的增稠性水凝胶包括低水份聚合物溶液如明胶和其它水凝胶的混合物,其水含量约30%,如图示制备“口香糖”形式的那些。合适的可晶体化碳水化合物包括单糖和寡糖,单糖中的乙醛糖如阿洛糖的D和L异构体、阿卓糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、古洛糖、艾灶糖、半乳糖、塔罗糖和乙酮糖如果糖的D和L异构体、和山梨糖与其氢化同类物如葡萄糖醇(山梨醇),优选甘露醇。寡糖中优选1,2-二糖的蔗糖和海藻糖,1.4-二糖的麦芽糖、乳糖和纤维二糖和1.6-二糖的龙胆二糖和密二糖,以及三糖密三糖,以及已知的蔗糖异构化形式如异麦芽糖及其氢化同类物异麦芽糖。还原二糖(如麦芽糖和乳糖)其它氢化形式(如麦芽糖醇和乳糖醇)也是优选的。此外,优选戉醛糖的氢化形式如D和L核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖和来苏糖和醛四糖的氢化形式如赤藓糖和苏糖;分别以木糖醇和赤藓糖醇为示范例。
本发明一实施例中,所述可流动性材料包括明胶作为胶凝化聚合物。明胶是一种天然热胶凝聚合物,它是通常溶于温水的蛋白类产生的无味无色混合物。常用的二类明胶是:A型和B型。A型明胶是酸处理原材料的衍生物,B型明胶是碱处理原材料的衍生物。明胶中的水份及其白化(Bloom)强度、组成和和明胶加工条件,决定了它在液体和固体之间的转变温度。白化是明胶强度的标准测定方法,与分子量大致相关。白化定义为保温17小时的6.67%明胶中移动半英寸直径塑料木塞4mm所需要的克重。优选实施例中,可流动性材料是含20%275白化猪皮明胶、20%250白化骨明胶和约含60%水的水溶液。
合适的黄原胶包括购自CP Kolco公司的产品,商品名KELTROL 1000、XANTROL180或K9B310。
本文的“酸水解淀粉”,是一种用稀酸在低于淀粉胶凝点温度时处理淀粉悬液所产生的改性淀粉。酸水解时,颗粒形式的淀粉保持在淀粉液中,通过中和中止水解反应,一旦达到所需水解程度即过滤和干燥,结果表明降低了淀粉聚合物的平均分子大小。酸水解淀粉(也称煮沸淀粉)倾向比相同的天然淀粉的热粘度低得多,冷却时凝胶更强。
本文所用的“胶凝化淀粉”包括与水混合并加热到足够高温度能形成溶液,而在冷却至低于淀粉胶凝点温度时形成凝胶的那些淀粉。胶凝化淀粉的例子包括但不限于酸水解淀粉,如购自Grain Processing公司的商品PURE-SET B950、羟丙基磷酸二淀粉,如购自司一公司的面品PURE-GEL B990及其混合物。
适合用模制法制备核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分的作为可流动性材料成分的低融点疏水材料包括脂肪、脂肪酸酯,磷脂和蜡质。合适的脂肪例子包括氢化植物油,如可可脂、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉子油、氢化向日葵油、氢化大豆油和游离脂肪酸及其盐。合适的脂肪酸酯例子包括蔗糖脂肪酸脂,单、双和三甘油脂、甘油二十二酸脂、甘油酰棕榈酰硬脂酸脂、甘油酰单硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三月桂酸脂,甘油酰肉豆蔻酸脂、Glyco Wax-932。月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油脂、和硬脂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油脂。合适的磷脂例子包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸。合适的蜡质例子包括巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡,紫胶蜡、微晶纤维素蜡和石蜡,含脂肪的混合物如巧克力等。
合适用模制法制备核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分的作为可流动性材料成分的任选溶剂,包括水、极性有机溶剂如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮等;非极性有机溶剂如氯亚甲烯等及其混合物。
用模制法制备核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分的作为可流动性材料成分任选含有辅佐剂或赋形剂,它们可占该可流动性材料重量的30%。合适的辅佐剂或赋形剂的例子包括增塑剂、防粘剂、湿润剂、表面活性剂、防起泡剂、着色剂、香味剂、甜味剂、遮光剂等。合适用制模法制备核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分的增塑剂包括但不限于聚乙二醇、丙二醇遮、丙三醇、山梨醇、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、葵二酸二丁酯;植物油如蓖麻油、菜油、橄榄油和芝麻油。表面活性剂如聚山梨十二烷基硫酸钠、琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸、单乙酰甘油、双乙酰甘油、三乙酰甘油、天然胶、三醋精、柠檬酸乙酰三丁酯、草酸二乙酯、苹果酸二乙酯、富马酸二乙酯、丙二酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,琥珀酸二丁酯、甘油三丁酯、氢化蓖麻油、脂肪酸、取代的三甘油酯和甘油醇等和/或其其混合物,某些实施例中,所述衣壳基本上无增塑剂,即含有不到1%,或不到0.01%的增塑剂。
一优选实施例中,可流动性材料含有不到5%的湿润剂或者基本上无甘油、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇或丙三醇等湿润剂,传统上可将湿润剂包含在包衣过程中用的预形成模中,如授予Banner Gelatin Products公司的美国专利5,146,730和5,459,983中所述,以确保加工过程中膜的充分可弯曲性或可塑性和粘合性,用于包衣过程中的预形成膜通常可含高达45%的水。缺点是存在湿润剂将延长干燥过程,可不利地影响到最后剂型的稳定性。
本发明一实施例中,核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分的制备,采用热制模和待批美国专利申请09/966,430第57-63页所述装置,其内容纳入本文作参考。此实施例中,将可流动性形式的起始材料灌入模具室形成核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分。该起始材料优选含有活性成分和热设置材料,温度高于该热设置材料融化点但低于活性成分的分解温度。在模具室内冷却起始材料,并固化成形(即具有模子的形状)。
根据此方法,起始材料必须是可流动形式,例如可含有悬浮在融化基质(如聚合物基质)中的固体颗粒,起始材料可完全融化或为浆液形式。或者,可将固体溶解在一种溶剂中制备起始材料,成模后再将起始材料中的溶剂蒸发掉。
该起始材料可含有需要加入到成形物中的可食用材料,包括活性成分、营养成分、维生素、矿物质、香料、增甜剂等。优选起始材料含有活性成分和热设置材料,该热设置材料可以是可食用的在37℃-120℃温度之间可流动但在0-35℃温度之间为固体的材料,优选的热设置材料包括水可溶性聚合物如聚亚烷二醇,聚环氧乙烷及衍生物和蔗糖脂肪酸脂;脂肪如可可脂,氢化植物油如棕榈仁油、棉子油、向日葵油、豆油、单、双和三甘油脂、磷脂;蜡如巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡,紫胶蜡、微晶纤维素蜡和石蜡,含脂肪的混合物如巧克力等。用于制造硬糖的无定形玻璃形式的糖;用于制造软糖的过饱和糖溶液;低融点聚合物溶液如含水30%以上用于制造口香糖的明胶和其它水凝胶的混合物。在特别优选实施例中,该热设置材料是一种水溶性聚合物如聚乙二醇。
本发明其它实施例中,核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分,采用热循环制模法和待批美国专利申请09/966,497等27-51页所述装置制备,其内容也纳入本文作参考。在此热循环模制法和美国专利申请09/966,497的装置中,热循环模制的模子采用了具有图3所示的整体构型,热循环模制的模子2000包括放置在许多模孔单元204周围的202。此热循环模制模子包括贮存罐206(见图4)用于装制备核仁的可流动材料。此外,此模子有温度控制系统可快速加热和冷却模孔单元。图55和56显示了这种温度控制系统600。
某些实施例中,采用无溶剂工艺使核仁或其部分成模。这类实施例中,核仁含有的活性成分包含在赋形剂基质中,该基质通常含有至少约30%,如至少约45%重量的热可逆载体,各种辅佐剂如本领域所知的增塑剂、胶凝剂、强化剂、着色剂、稳定剂、防腐剂等可高达重量的30%。该基质还可任选的含有高达重量55%的如下所述一种或多种调节释放可模制赋形剂。
核仁可以有各种形状。例如核仁形状可以是多面体,如立方体、锥体、棱晶等,或可以具有几何图形,某些面不是平面,如园锥、截断园锥、园柱形、球形、塞子形等。某些实施例中,核仁有一个或多个主面,例如核仁是压制片剂的实施例中,核仁表面与压制机器中上下冲压面接触时形成了两个相对的主面。这类实施例中,核仁表面通常还含有位于两主面之间的一种“腹部带”,系因与压制机模壁接触而形成。典型的核仁形状可采用包括由压制机形状而形成的片形,见“Elizabeth公司片剂设计手册”(Elizabeth硬质合金模具有限公司(Elizabeth Carbide DieCo.Inc.)第7页(McKeesport.Pa)纳入本文供参考)所述,有以下形状(片剂形状反向对应于压制机的形状):
1. 浅凹面形。
2. 标准凹面形。
3. 深凹面形。
4. 特深凹面形。
5. 修改的球形。
6. 标准凹面形对开。
7. 标准凹面形双对开。
8. 标准凹面形欧洲对开。
9. 标准凹面形部分对开。
10.双放射形。
11.斜面形和凹面形。
12.平面形。
13.平面斜边形(F.F.B.E.)。
14.平面斜边形对开。
15.平面斜边形双对开。
16.环形。
17.旋涡形。
18.椭圆形。
19.卵圆形。
20.胶囊形。
21.矩形。
22.正方形。
23.三角形。
24.六角形。
25.五角形。
26.八角形。
27.菱形。
28.箭头形。
29.子弹形。
30.桶形。
31.半月形。
32.盾形。
33.心形。
34.杏仁形。
35.家用盘碟形。
36.平行四边形。
37.梯形。
38.图8/柱钟形。
39.蝴蝶结形。
40.不正三角形。
本发明一实施例中,核仁包括多个部分,例如第一和第二部分,可用相同或不同方法和不同技术配合制备这些部分。如本文所述的热循环模制和热设置模制法。例如第一和第二部分都可用热循环模制和热设置模制法制备。核仁的第一和第二部分中可存在相同或不同的活性成分。或者,核仁的一部分或多部分可基本上没有活性成分。
本发明某些实施例中,核仁或其一部分的功能赋予了其所含至少一种活性成分的调节释放性能。这类实施例中,如前所述用压缩法制备核仁或核仁的一部分,优选含有压缩的调节释放的赋形剂。这类实施例中,如前所述用模制法制备的核仁或核仁部分优选含有调节释放性可成模赋形剂。
在核仁或其一部分功能是可腐蚀性基质,其中分散的活性成分以持续延长或延迟方式释放的实施例中,该核仁部分优选含有选自可膨胀可腐蚀性亲水材料、pH依赖性聚合物及其组合物的调节释放性可压制或可成模赋形剂。
在核仁或其一部分功能是可扩散性基质,活性成分以持续、延长、延时或延迟方式从中释放的实施例中,该核仁部分优选含有选自不溶性可食用材料和孔前体材料组成的调节释放性赋形剂,或者在用模制法制备核仁的一部分的实施例中,热可逆载体可通过溶解和形成活性成分释放的孔或通道而发挥功能。
可用模制法采用无溶剂工艺或基于溶剂的工艺制备本发明的衣壳,这取决于制备方法。衣壳通常含有各种赋形剂,用来赋予衣壳所需性能。衣壳中可任选地含有一种或多种活性成分。
在用无溶剂模制工艺制备衣壳的实施例中,衣壳通常含有至少约30%,如至少约45%重量的热可逆载体,衣壳还可任选含有高达55%重量级的调节释放的赋形剂,衣壳还可任选地含有高达30%总重量的各种增塑剂、辅佐剂和赋形剂。在用无溶剂制模法制备衣壳的某些实施例中,调节释放的赋形剂优选可膨胀可腐蚀性亲水材料。
用基于溶剂的模制工艺制备衣壳的实施例中,衣壳通常含有至少约10%重量,如至少约12%或至少约15%重量或至少20%重量,或至少25%重量的成膜剂。此时,基于溶剂的模制衣壳可任选含有高达55%重量的调节释放的赋形剂。基于溶剂的模制衣壳还可任选含有高达30%总重量的各种增塑剂、辅佐剂和赋形剂。
用无溶剂模制法制备核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分的合适的热可逆运载载体,是热可塑材料,通常其融点温度低于110℃,更优选在约20℃-100℃之间,用于无溶剂模制法的合适的热可逆载体的例子,包括热可塑聚亚烷基二醇、热可塑聚环氧乙烷、低融点疏水材料、热可塑聚合物、热可塑淀粉等。用于热可逆运载载体的热可塑聚亚烷基二醇包括分子量约100-20,000,如100-8,000,约1000-8000的聚乙二醇。合适的热可塑聚环氧乙烷包括分子量约100,000-900,000道尔顿的聚环氧乙烷.用于热可逆载体合适的低融点疏水材料包括室温时为固体的脂肪.、脂肪酸脂、磷脂和蜡、含脂混合物如巧克力等。
合适的脂肪例子包括氢化植物油如可可脂、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉子油、氢化向日葵油、氢化豆油和游离脂肪酸及其盐。适合的脂肪酸脂例子包括蔗糖脂肪酸脂,单、双和三甘油脂、甘油二十二酸脂、甘油酰棕榈酰硬脂酸脂、甘油酰单硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三月桂酸脂,甘油酰肉豆蔻酸脂、GlycoWax-932。月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油脂、和硬脂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油脂。合适的磷脂例子包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸。合适的蜡质例子包括巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡,紫胶蜡、微晶纤维素蜡和石蜡。合适的用作热可逆载体的热可塑聚合物包括热可塑水可膨胀纤维素衍生物、热可塑水不溶性聚合物、热可塑乙烯聚合物。合适的热可塑水可膨胀纤维素衍生物包括羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、交联羟丙基羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟基丁基纤维素(HBC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙乙基纤维素、羟丙丁基纤维素、羟丙乙基纤维素及它们的盐、衍生物、共聚物和组合。合适的热可塑水不溶性聚合物包括乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、醋酸聚乙烯、聚已酸内酯、乙酸纤维素及其衍生物、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸共聚物等,及它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合。合适的热可塑乙烯聚合物包括聚乙烯乙酯、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。合适的用作热可逆载体的热可塑淀粉包括美国专利5,427,614中所述的那些,其内容本文作为参考。
一实施例中,通过无溶剂模制法制备核仁或衣壳或它们一部分的热可逆载体选自聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧乙烷或其混合物。一具体实施例中,核仁或衣壳或它们的一部分还含有紫胶,作为强化辅佐剂、紫胶用作模制核仁或衣壳或它们一部分的优点是其水平只占模制部分重量的约5-15%,而不影响该模制部分溶解对pH的依赖。
适合用无溶剂或基于溶剂的模制法制备核仁或其一部分的调节释放可模制赋形剂,包括但不限于:可膨胀腐蚀性亲水材料、pH依赖性聚合物、孔前体材料和不溶性可食用材料。
用无溶剂或基于溶剂的模制法制备衣壳的本发明实施例中,合适的调节释放的赋形剂选自可膨胀腐蚀性亲水材料、pH依赖性聚合物和不溶性可食用材料。
适合用无溶剂模制工艺制备核仁或衣壳或它们一部分的用作调节释放的赋形剂的可膨胀腐蚀性亲水材料包括:水可膨胀纤维素衍生物、聚亚烷基二醇、热可塑聚环氧乙烷、丙烯酸聚合物、水凝胶、陶土、胶凝化淀粉、可膨胀交联聚合物及它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合。合适的水可膨胀纤维素衍生物的例子包括:羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟基异丙基纤维素、羟基丁基纤维素、羟基戊基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟基戊基纤维素、羟丙乙基纤维素、羟丙基丁基纤维素、羟丙乙基纤维素。合适的聚亚烷基二醇的例子包括聚乙二醇。合适的热可塑聚环氧乙烷例子包括聚(氧乙烯)。合适的丙烯酸聚合物包括甲丙烯二乙烯苯共聚物、聚甲基甲丙烯酸酯、CARBOPOL(高分子量交联丙烯酸均聚物或共聚物)等。合适的水凝胶例子包括海藻胶、琼脂、瓜尔胶、角豆胶、κ-角叉菜、ι-角叉菜、tara、阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、果胶、黄原胶、明胶、麦芽糊精、半乳甘露聚糖、石脐素、昆布多糖、scleroglucan、阿拉伯胶、菊芬、果胶、明胶、Whelan、rhamsan、菌胶团、methylan、甲壳质、环糊精,、脱乙酰壳多糖。合适的陶土例子包括绿土,如斑脱土、高岭土和laponito,三硅酸镁、硅酸镁铝等,及它们的衍生物和混合物。合适的胶凝化淀粉包括酸水解淀粉、可膨胀淀粉如淀粉甘醇酸钠及其后衍生物。合适的可膨胀交联聚合物包括交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联琼脂和交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
适合用模制法制备成模基质或成模核仁或成模衣壳或它们一部分,用作调节释放可成模的赋形剂的pH依赖聚合物包括:肠衣纤维素衍生物,例如羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酰琥珀酸酯、乙酰纤维素邻苯二甲酯;天然树脂如紫胶和玉米蛋白;肠衣乙酸酯衍生物如聚醋酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、乙醛二甲基纤维素乙酸酯;以及肠衣丙烯酸酯衍生物,如基于聚甲基丙烯酯的聚合物,如以商品名EUDRAGIT S购自Rohm Pharma GmbH的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基甲丙烯酸酯)1∶2,和商品名EUDRAGIT L购自Rohm Pharma GmbH的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基甲丙烯酸)1∶1等及它们的衍生物、盐、共聚物和组合。
适合用模制法制备成模基质,核仁、衣壳或它们一部分的用作调节释放的赋形剂的孔前体材料包括水溶性有机和无机材料。合适的水溶性有机材料例子包括水溶性聚合物,包括水溶性纤维素衍生物如羟丙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素;水溶性碳水化合物如糖和淀粉;水溶性聚合物如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙二醇;不溶性可膨胀聚合物如微晶纤维素。合适的水溶性无机材料例子包括氯化钠和氯化钾等盐及它们的混合物。
适合模制法制备核仁或衣壳或它们一部分,用作调节释放可成模赋形剂的不溶可食用材料包括水不溶性聚合物和低融点疏水材料。合适的水不溶性聚合物例子包括乙基纤维素、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯乙酯、聚乙酸内酯,纤维素及其衍生物、丙烯酸酯、甲基内烯酸酯、丙烯酸聚物等及它们的衍生物,共聚物和组合。合适的低融点疏水材料包括脂肪、脂肪酸酯,磷脂和蜡质。合适的脂肪例子包括氢化植物油,如可可脂、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉子油、氢化向日葵油、氢化大豆油和游离脂肪酸及其盐。合适的脂肪酸酯例子包括蔗糖脂肪酸脂,单、双和三甘油脂、甘油二十二酸脂、甘油酰棕榈酰硬脂酸脂、甘油酰单硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三硬脂酸脂,甘油酰三月桂酸脂,甘油酰肉豆蔻酸脂、GlycoWax-932。月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油脂、和硬脂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油脂。合适的磷脂例子包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸。合适的蜡质例子包括巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡,紫胶蜡、微晶纤维素蜡和石蜡,含脂肪的混合物如巧克力等。
一优选实施例中,本发明的衣壳不论用无溶剂制模工艺或基于溶剂的制模工艺制备,都基本上设有直径0.5-5.0微米的孔,本文所用“基本上没有”指衣壳中直径0.5-5.0微米的孔体积不到约0.02cc/g、优选不到约0.01cc/g,便优选不到约0.005cc/g。相反,通常压缩材料所具有的该直径范围的孔体积高于0.02cc/g。
用于本发明衣壳的孔体积、孔直径和密度可采用Qantachrome InstramentsPoremaster60水银流入孔测量仪和相关的计算机软件程序的“Porowin”进行测定。此方法见Quomtachrome Instruments PoreMaster Operation Manual。PoreMaster通过加压灌入非湿性液体(水银)来测定固体或粉末中的孔体积和孔直径,加压可排空单个小室(透度计)中的样品,给该小室填充水银围绕此样品,并通过以下方法向样品小室(油)压力发生器(最高达60000psi)。通过加压下,水银从样品外部进入样品孔后水银容量的变化来测定流入体积。直接从以下所谓“Washbumd等式”:d=(4γ(cosθ))/P来计算发生水银流入孔的相应孔径(d),其中γ是液体水银的表面张力,θ是水银和样品之间的接触角,P是施加的压力。
孔容量测定用的仪器
(1)PoreMaster60 Quantachrome仪。
(2)分析天平,秤重精度0.0001g
(3)干燥器。
测定所用试剂
(1)高纯度氮,
(2)三蒸水银,
(3)高压液体(购自Dili AX,Shell Chemical Co.),
(4)液氮(Hg冷蒸气汽水阀门),
(5)清洗样品小室用的异丙醇或甲醇,
(6)清洗小室用的液体去污剂。
过程
样品保存在密封包装中或干燥器中直到分析时。打开真空泵,用液氮充满水银冷蒸气汽水阀,压缩气体调节至55psi提供。打开此仪器预热至少30分钟。按操作说明书安装空的透度计小室并记录重量。将小室安置于低压状态,选择分析手册中的“排空和单充填(evacuation and fill only)”选项,并采用以下设置:
精细排空时间:1分钟,
精细排空速度:10,
粗排空时间:5分钟。
取出装满水银的小室并秤重。然后将水银排空到贮存罐中,将各样品二片安放在小室中,重安装小室。记录小室和样品重量。小室安置于低压状态,选择手册中的低压选项,设置以下参数:
模式:低压,
精细排空速度:10,
精细排空单位:200μHg,
粗排空时间:10分钟,
充填压力:接触+0.1,
最大压力:50,
方向:灌入和挤出,
重复:0,
水银接触角度:140,
水银表面张力:480。
开始获取数据并在银屏上显示压力和灌入容积曲线图。完成高压运行后合并同一样品的数据案卷。
本发明的衣壳不论用无溶剂模制工艺还是基于溶剂的模制工艺制备,通常都具有表面光泽。当用本文实施例6方法测定时,至少有约150光泽度单位,如至有少约175光泽度单位,或至少有约190光泽度单位。相反,通常的喷雾包衣光泽值不到约150光泽度单位。
消费者喜爱表面高光泽的剂型,因为它们美观雅致看上去易吞食。衣壳的表面光泽取决于许多因素,包括衣壳的组成、形成衣壳的方法,和如果采用模具,该模具的表面情况。
可采用TriCor Systems有限公司(Elgin,IL)的仪器,商品名TRI-COR 805A/806H型表面分析系统(TRI-COR MODEL 805A/806H SURFACE ANALYSIS SYSTEM),按照“TriCor Systems WGLOSS 3.4 1805A/806H型表面分析系统参考手册”(1996)的方法来测定本发明衣壳的表面光泽度,其内容纳入本文作参考,改进如下。
此仪器采用CCD照相机探头,利用平面扩散光源,将样品与参照标准品作比较,测定60度入射角时的平均光泽度值。其操作中,该仪器产生暗淡级别影象。当出现更明亮的像素时表明给定位点存在更多光泽。
此仪器也加入了利用分组方法定量测定光泽的软件,即将类似亮度的像素分组进行平均。由用户确定“全范围百分比”或“理想百分比”的设置(也称为样品分组百分比设置),以确定超过域值(认为是一组和该组的平均)的最高像素部分。本文中“域值”定义为不包括在平均光泽值计算中的最大光泽值。因此,背景光泽,或样品的非发光泽表面被排除在平均光泽值计算之外。此方法见:K.fegley和C.Vesey,”片剂形状对高光泽膜包衣系统的作用”中所述,可从 www.colorcon.com获得(2002.3.18),本文纳入作为参考,可用其尽量减少不同衣壳形状产生的影响,和以工业界相当的公制单位报告。(选择50%样品组设置作为表面粗糙度测定最佳接近值模拟数据设置。)
用校准参考平面(190-228;294度标准,无遮光板,旋转0,深度0)初步调校此仪器后,可用购自McNeil-PPC有限公司的商品名为Extra Strength TYLENOLGelcaps的凝胶包衣囊片产生标准表面光泽度的测定值。可测定这种凝胶包衣囊片样品的平均光泽度值,同时采用25mm全视野遮光板(190-280),和使该仪器形成以下设置:
旋光:0,
深度:0.25英寸,
粗域值:95,
%全范围:50%,
折射指数:1.57。
然后测定参考标准品的平均表面光泽度值。
可按相同方法分别测定各衣壳样品。
衣壳的重量宜为核仁重量的约10-400%。在用无溶剂模制工艺制备的衣壳实施例中,衣壳的重量通常是核仁重量的约50-400%,如核仁的约75-400%、约100-200%。在用基于溶剂的模制工艺制备的衣壳实施例中,衣壳的重量通常是核仁重量的约10-100%,优选为核仁重量的约10-60%。
当所述剂型量与液体介质如水、胃肠液等接触时,所述衣壳提供了活性成分的溶解延迟至少约3小时,或至少约4小时,或至少约6小时,或至少约12小时。此延迟期通常受衣壳的厚度、组成或其组合所控制。一实施例中,此延迟期限不依赖于溶液介质或液体环境的pH值。例如,活性成分在0.1N HCI中溶解的平均迟后时间基本上与活性成分在pH5.5缓冲系统中溶解的平均迟后时间没有不同。
可用于本发明的衣壳厚度通常为约50-4000微米。在用无溶剂模制工艺制备的衣壳实施例中,衣壳通常的厚度是约500-4000微米,如约500-2000微米、约800-1200微米。在用基于溶剂的模制工艺制备的衣壳实施例中,衣壳通常的厚度不到约800微米,如约100-600微米、约150-400微米。
本发明一实施例中,所述衣壳还含有至少一种与核仁所含活性成分相同或不同的活性成分。
本发明另一实施例中,所述剂型中所含的至少一种活性成分显示延迟的暴发性释放方式。“延迟的暴发性释放方式”指所述剂型在病人吞食后,其中的具体活性成分按预定时间延迟释放,该迟后期(“迟后时间”)之后是活性成分的快速(立即)释放。本发明的衣壳提供了延迟期,优选活性成分不以延迟后的暴发性方式释放。此类实施例中,延迟后暴发性释放的活性成分通常包含在核仁或其一部分中。这些实施例中,核仁可用压制或模制法制备,配制成立即释放,这样在与溶液介质接触时核仁易于溶解。这类实施例中,核仁优选含有崩解剂,和任选地含有其它赋形剂,如填充剂,或选自水可溶性或低融点材料、表面活性剂和保湿剂的热可塑材料。这些实施例中,迟后期后暴发性释放的活性成分的溶解应符合USP含该活性成分即释片剂的规定。例如,对于扑热息痛片剂,USP规定,在pH5.8磷酸缓冲液中,用USP装置2(浆叶),50rpm后30分钟内,,剂型中含的扑热息痛至少80%释放。对于布洛芬,USP规定,在pH7.2磷酸缓冲液中,用USP装置2(浆叶),50rpm后60分钟内,,剂型中含的扑热息痛至少80%释放。见USP24,2000版。19-20和856页,1999。
本发明另一实施例,所述剂型含有的至少一种活性成分显示延迟和持续释放方式。“延迟然后持续释放方式”指病人吞食所述剂型后,其中具体活性成分的释放按预定时间延迟了,此段时间延迟之后是该活性成分的持续(延长、延时或延迟)释放。本发明的衣壳提供了迟后期,优选基本上以延迟后持续方式完全释放活性成分。这类实施例中,核仁的作用可能是,例如可腐蚀性基质、或可扩散性基质或渗透泵。在核仁或其一部分是扩散性基质,活性成分以持续、伸长、延长或延时方式通过其释放的实施例中,核仁部分宜含有选自不溶性可食用材料和孔前体材料的调节释放的赋形剂。或者,在用模制动器法制备核仁的实施例中,热可逆载体的作用是溶解活性成分和形成活性成分释放的孔或通道。在核仁或其一部分是腐蚀性基质,活性成分以持续、伸长、延长或延时方式在其中扩散的实施例中,核仁部分宜含有选自可膨胀可腐蚀性亲水材料、pH-依赖性聚合物及它们的组合的调节释放性可压缩或可模制性赋形剂。
一实施例中,所述衣壳不是施加在核仁上的压制包衣。
本发明将通过以下实施例进行阐明,但这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明。
                            实施例1
本发明的剂型含有包裹核仁的衣壳,此衣壳的制备如下,以下成分用于制备此衣壳:
                                  表A
衣壳原料 商品名 制造厂家 重量百分比 mg/片
聚乙二醇3350 Carbowax Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT 45.0 250
聚环氧乙烷(MW200,000) PolyoxWSR N-80 Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT 15.0 83
紫胶粉 常规漂白紫胶 Mantrose-Hacuser公司,Atteboro MA 20.0 111
柠檬酸三乙酯 Morfiex有限公司,Greensboro,NC 10.0 56
交联羧甲基纤维素钠 Ac-Di-Sol FMC公司,Newark,DE 10.0 56
衣壳材料制备如下:将破碎机浸没在70℃水浴(Ret digi-visc;Antal-Direct,Wayne,PA)中。将聚乙二醇(PEG)3350加入破碎机用刮铲混合直到所有PEG融化。将经过400目筛网过筛的紫胶粉加入融化的PEG并混合直到所有粉末分散。将柠檬酸三乙酯加入融化的PEG并混合1分钟。加入聚环氧乙烷(PEO)(MW=200,000)混合10分钟。加入交联羧甲基纤维素钠混合2分钟。提供可流动形式的衣壳材料。
采用以下市场上购得的产品作为核仁。
                                    表B
衣壳原料 商品名 制造厂家   重量百分比  mg/片
盐酸伪麻黄素核仁片 Nasal decongestant片,30mg CVS制药有限公司,Woonsocket,RI   23.0  165
按以下程序模制此衣壳:安装实验室规模的不锈钢模子(园片形,直径0.4375英寸)用于将衣壳施加到核仁上。此模子装配包括模子上部和下部,无温度控制装置。将350-450mg的融化衣壳材料加入由模子上下部形成的模腔。将盐酸伪麻黄素核仁片(B片)插入模腔中。加入其它融化的衣壳材料填满模腔,手工盖上模子上部形成模制片剂。10秒钟后移去模子上部,从模子下部取出模制制品。
实施例2
本发明的剂型含有包裹核仁的衣壳,此衣壳的制备如下,以下成分用于制备此衣壳:
                          表C
衣壳原料 商品名 制造厂家  重量百分比  mg/片
月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯 Gelucide50/13 Gattefosse公司,Westwood,NJ  70.0  751
月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯 Gelucire44/14 Gattefosse公司,Westwood,NJ  30.0  322
衣壳材料以以下方式制备:将破碎机浸没在水浴(Ret digi-visc;Antal-Direct,Wayne,PA)中,水温设为70℃。将月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯加入破碎机用刮铲混合直到所有甘油酯融化。提供可流动形式的衣壳材料。
按以下方式采用实施例1实验室规模的模子组件将衣壳施加到实施1的核仁上:将700-800mg的融化衣壳材料(表C)加入由模子上下部形成的模腔。将盐酸伪麻黄素核仁片(实施例1)插入模腔中。加入其它融化的衣壳材料填满模腔,手工盖上模子上部形成模制片剂。10秒钟后移去模子上部,从模子下部取出模制制品。
实施例3
本发明的剂型含有包裹核仁的衣壳,以下成分用于制备此衣壳:
                                表D
衣壳原料 商品名 制造厂家 重量百分比  mg/片
聚乙二醇3350 Carbowax Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT 65.0  430
羟丙基甲基纤维素 Methocel  K4MPerm CR Dow化学制品公司,Midland,MI 25.0  165
羟丙基纤维素 Klucel  EXAFPharm Hercules公司,Wilmington,DE 10.0  66
衣壳材料以以下方式制备:将破碎机浸没在水浴(Ret digi-visc;Antal-Direct,Wayne,PA)中,水温设为70℃。将PEG 3350加入破碎机用刮铲混合直到所有PEG融化。将羟丙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素加入融化的PEG中混合10分钟。提供可流动形式的衣壳材料。
以下成分用于制备核仁:
                            表E
衣壳原料 商品名 制造厂家  重量百分比  mg/片
布洛芬 Albemarle  公司,Orangeburg,SC  93.24  200
羟基乙酸淀粉钠 Explotab Mendell,A Penwest公司,Patterson,NY  5.59  12
胶体二氧化硅 Cab-O-Sil Cabot公司,Tuscola,IL  0.23  0.5
硬脂酸镁 Mallinckrodt有限公司,St.Louis,MO  0.93  2
按以下方式制备核仁:布洛芬通过#20目筛网筛选后加入塑料袋中。羟基乙酸淀粉钠通过#30目筛网筛选后加入该塑料袋子中。手工摇动混合粉末2分钟。从第一个塑料袋子中取出一半粉末加入到装有胶体二氧化硅和硬脂酸镁的第二个袋子中。手工摇动混合第二个袋子中的粉末1分钟,然后过#20目筛。将所得粉末混合物加到第一个袋子中手工摇动再混合1分钟。然后用装有园凹冲头和0.3125英寸直径模子单元的Manesty Beta-press(Thomas Engineering有限公司,HoffmanEstates,IL)将该混合物压成片子。
用实验室规模的金属模子组件(0.5065英寸园形)将衣壳施加到核仁上,该组件包括含有下模腔的模子下部分和含有上模腔的模子上部分构成。该剂型用以下方式制备:将400-500mg的融化衣壳材料(表D)加入模子下部组件构成的下模腔。将上述布洛芬片子插入下模腔中。然后将其它融化的衣壳材料加入模子上部组件构成的上模腔中。模子上部组件与下部组件相配形成了剂型。60秒钟后分开上下模组件,从模子中取出此剂型。
实施例4
将实施例1-3的剂型中所含活性成分的释放曲线与其它剂型中同一活性成分的释放曲线相比较。结果见图2-4所示。按照以下方法进行所有溶解测定:
装置:USP I型装置(Basket,100 RPM)
介质:0.1N HCL和pH5.6磷酸缓冲液,37℃。在2小时时间点将该缓冲液的pH从0.1N HCL换成pH5.6磷酸缓冲液。
时间点:在0.5,1,2,3,4,6和8小时测定假盐酸麻黄素样品。
分析:分析了以各化合物100%释放理论浓度制备的盐酸伪麻黄素和标准品的溶液样品。采用装有Waters717自动注射器和Waters486 UV检测仪的HPLC,以214nm波长分析了样品。用55%乙腈和45%18mM磷酸钾缓冲液配制移动相。注射体积50微升,跑柱时间8分钟,泵流速2.0ml/分。所用的柱为Zorbax300-SCX(4.6mm×25cm)。
图2显示实施例1剂型的活性成分(盐酸伪麻黄素)对于时间(小时)的释放百分率,以及市售即刻释放剂型(CVS制药有限公司制造的Nasal decongestant片-表B)伪麻黄素对于时间的释放百分率。曲线(a)显示实施例1剂型的盐酸伪麻黄素释放。曲线(b)显示即刻释放比较片剂的盐酸伪麻黄素释放。如图2所示,实施例1的剂型显示了活性成分的释放延迟了约3小时。
图3显示实施例2剂型的活性成分(盐酸伪麻黄素)对于时间(小时)的释放百分率,以及市售即刻释放片剂(Sudafed)伪麻黄素对于时间的释放百分率。如图3所示,实施例2的剂型显示了活性成分的释放延迟了约3小时。曲线(a)显示本发明的盐酸伪麻黄素释放速度。曲线(d)为市售即刻释放剂型Sudafed片剂(含盐酸伪麻黄素)的释放。
图4显示实施例3剂型的活性成分(布洛芬)对于时间(小时)的释放百分率。如图4所示,实施例3的剂型显示了活性成分的释放延迟了约8小时。
实施例5
采用包括经运输装置连接成串的压缩模具和热循环制模模具的设备(见待批美国专利申请09/966,939第14-16页所述,其内容纳入本文作参考),以连续工艺制备本发明在成模衣壳中含有压缩核仁的剂型。用衣壳可流动材料制备的衣壳含有上表D所示成分,并如实施例3所述制成可流动形式。核仁用表E所述成分制备并如实施例3所述制成粉末。如待批美国专利申请09/966,509第16-27页所述,先在压缩模具上压缩核仁,此压缩模具如美国专利申请09/966,509图6所示,是一种双排、转动装置,包括充填区、插入区、压缩区、排出区和净化区。此压缩模具采用真空泵帮助装填,筛网滤器位于各模子的模壁出口。
通过运输装置将核仁从压缩模具运到热循环制模模具。该运输装置的结构见待批美国专利申请09/966,414的图3中300所示和第51-57页所述,其内容纳入本文作参考。它包括多个转运单元304以悬臂方式连接于输送带312,如图68和69所示。该转运装置与其连接的压缩和热循环制模模具同步转动和运作。转运单元304含有核仁围绕该转运装置运转时抓持核仁的定位器330。
热循环制模模具的总体结构见待批美国专利申请09/966,497图3和第27-51页所示,其显示热循环制模模具200包括转头202,围绕此转头安放有多个模具单元204。该热循环制模模具包括放置衣壳可流动材料的贮存罐206(见图4)。此外,该热循环制模模具有温控系统可快速加热和冷却模具单元。待批美国专利申请09/966,497的图55和56显示了温控系统600。
待批美国专利申请09/966,497图28A中显示了此型热循环制模模具。该热循环制模模具的模具单元204包括上模具组件214、可转动中心模具组件212和下模具组件210,如图28C所示。核仁被转运到靠近其的模具组件中。
如待批美国专利申请09/966,497的图28B的流程图所示,包衣分两步进行,分别施加衣壳的第一和第二部分。第一步,加热贮存罐206中的衣壳可流动材料的第一部分成为可流动状态,注入关闭模具组件产生的模具腔中。然后  降低该第一部分的温度,使其在核仁的一半上变硬。分离模具组件,中心模具组件转动,然后再关闭模具组件。第二步,加热贮存罐206中的衣壳可流动材料的第二部分成为可流动状态,注入模具腔中。然后  降低该第二部分的温度,使其在核仁的另一半上变硬。分离模具组件,从该装置中排出完成的剂型。
虽然本发明通过具体实施例进行了阐述,但本领域技术人员懂得可进行各种变化和修改,这些都在本发明的范围内。

Claims (36)

1.一种剂型,其特征在于,该剂型含有:
(a)一个含有至少一种活性成分的核仁,和
(b)一个围绕该核仁的模制衣壳,当该剂型与液体介质接触时所述衣壳为所述活性成分的溶解提供了一个小时以上的预定时间的延迟,且这种延迟不依赖于所述液体介质的pH。
2.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中,所述衣壳含有当该剂型与液体介质接触时使所述活性成分的溶解延迟1小时以上的物质,且这种延迟不依赖于所述液体介质的pH。
3.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳的重量至少是核仁重量的50%。
4.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳的厚度约500-4000微米。
5.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳的厚度约100-600微米。
6.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳基本上没有直径0.5-5.0微米的孔。
7.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳含有至少约30%的热可逆载体。
8.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳含有至少约10%的成膜剂。
9.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳还含有至少一种活性成分,该活性成分可与核仁中所含的活性成分相同或不同。
10.如权利要求1所述的剂型,还含有覆盖所述衣壳至少一部分的外包衣层,此外包衣层含有至少一种与核仁中所含的活性成分相同或不同的活性成分。
11.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述核仁是一种压制片剂。
12.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述核仁含有至少一种活性成分的包衣颗粒。
13.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述核仁采用模制法制备。
14.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述核仁基本上没有直径0.5-5.0的孔。
15.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述核仁含有至少约30%重量的热可逆载体。
16.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述核仁含有调节释放的赋形剂。
17.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳不是施加于核仁的压制包衣。
18.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其提供了至少一种活性成分的即刻释放,延迟至少1小时后,随之暴发性释放至少一种活性成分。
19.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳采用无溶剂模制工艺制备。
20.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳含有重量至少约30%的热可逆载体。
21.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳含有重量高达55%的可膨胀可腐蚀的亲水材料
22.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳用基于溶剂的模制工艺制备。
23.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳含有重量至少10%的成膜剂。
24.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳含有重量至少55%的调节释放的赋形剂。
25.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中该剂型含有可提供所述活性成分延迟的暴发性释放方式的物质。
26.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中该剂型含有可提供所述活性成分延迟和持续释放方式的物质。
27.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中该剂型含有可提供所述活性成分脉动释放方式的物质。
28.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述核仁或其一部分还含有紫胶,其水平至少为所述核仁或其一部分重量的约5-15%。
29.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳或其一部分还含有紫胶,其水平至少为所述衣壳或其一部分重量的约5-15%。
30.如权利要求20所述的剂型,其中所述热可逆载体选自聚乙二醇、聚环氧乙烷及它们的共聚物和组合。
31.如权利要求23所述的剂型,其中所述成膜剂是聚环氧乙烷。
32.如权利要求24所述的剂型,其中所述调节释放的赋形剂是可膨胀交联聚合物。
33.如权利要求32所述的剂型,其中所述可膨胀交联聚合物是交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
34.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳还含有增塑剂。
35.如权利要求34所述的剂型,其中所述增塑剂是柠檬酸三丁酯。
36.如权利要求22所述的剂型,其中所述衣壳的重量为所述核仁重量的约10-60%。
CNA028235401A 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 调节释放剂型 Pending CN1596102A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/966,450 2001-09-28
US09/966,450 US6982094B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms
US09/966,497 US7122143B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Methods for manufacturing dosage forms
US09/966,939 US6837696B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Apparatus for manufacturing dosage forms
US09/966,939 2001-09-28
US09/966,509 US6767200B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms
US09/967,414 US6742646B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms
US09/966,509 2001-09-28
US09/966,497 2001-09-28
US09/967,414 2001-09-28

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CN1596102A true CN1596102A (zh) 2005-03-16

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CNA028236386A Pending CN1596100A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 可食用组合物及含可食用外壳的制剂
CNA028233611A Pending CN1638740A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 释出得到修饰的剂型
CNA028233549A Pending CN1592612A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 有内核和外壳的剂型
CNB028234308A Expired - Fee Related CN100408029C (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 有镶嵌部分的组合剂型
CNB028233727A Expired - Fee Related CN100364515C (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 具有不同形状内核和外壳的剂型
CNA028233476A Pending CN1592610A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 改良的释放剂型
CNA028236416A Pending CN1596104A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 改进的释放剂型
CNA028236505A Pending CN1596101A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 含有糖果组分的剂型
CNA028235401A Pending CN1596102A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 调节释放剂型
CNA028233441A Pending CN1592611A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 改良释放的剂型

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA028236386A Pending CN1596100A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 可食用组合物及含可食用外壳的制剂
CNA028233611A Pending CN1638740A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 释出得到修饰的剂型
CNA028233549A Pending CN1592612A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 有内核和外壳的剂型
CNB028234308A Expired - Fee Related CN100408029C (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 有镶嵌部分的组合剂型
CNB028233727A Expired - Fee Related CN100364515C (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 具有不同形状内核和外壳的剂型
CNA028233476A Pending CN1592610A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 改良的释放剂型
CNA028236416A Pending CN1596104A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 改进的释放剂型
CNA028236505A Pending CN1596101A (zh) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 含有糖果组分的剂型

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