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CN1437525B - 木材复合制品和制造反向模制的木材复合制品的方法 - Google Patents

木材复合制品和制造反向模制的木材复合制品的方法 Download PDF

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CN1437525B
CN1437525B CN018114989A CN01811498A CN1437525B CN 1437525 B CN1437525 B CN 1437525B CN 018114989 A CN018114989 A CN 018114989A CN 01811498 A CN01811498 A CN 01811498A CN 1437525 B CN1437525 B CN 1437525B
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wood composite
face board
door face
molded wood
composite door
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CN1437525A (zh
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S·K·林奇
D·E·沙菲尔纳克
K·吕特格尔特
B·-H·梁
L·布拉多克
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/10Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of wood or with an outer layer of wood
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08Moulding or pressing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
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    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/0453Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers produced by processes involving moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/0461Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers used as wall coverings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/18Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2311/14Wood, e.g. woodboard or fibreboard
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Abstract

反向模制纤维板(12);护墙板全套元件包括许多不同尺寸反向模制板(12)和一块平的精整的或隔件板,适合覆盖壁的踢脚板与壁的护墙板之间任何尺寸的壁部;以及以一道压制步骤来反向模制一疏松纤维素垫的方法,由此提供一或多个较高密度的凸镶板(12),而不要求预压制或其他预成形的步骤,如修整步骤。此种反向模制板(12)是于常规的多孔纤维板压机中以一道压制步骤工艺模制,能极好地传递模具的细致结构(压花的准确性)而不会有可观察到的纤维断裂。

Description

木材复合制品和制造反向模制的木材复合制品的方法
有关申请的相互参考
本申请根据2002年4月20日提交的美国暂行专利申请系列No.60/198709。
技术领域
本申请涉及特别适用于制造护壁镶板同时也可作门面板或门的饰面的反向模制(模制时,型面向上)木材复合制品,还涉及到制造这样一种反向模制木材复合制品的方法,这种制品具有从其平整的基部向上模制成的倾斜向上的型面。具体地说,本发明的模制木材复合制品是由纤维素垫制成,这种纤维素垫组合包括:纤维素纤维,它最好包括按重量计至少约40%,更好按总的干纤维重量计至少约60%的软木纤维,这类纤维来自生产球果的树如各种松树,与冷杉属如美国长叶松,(依据本发明的一优选实施例,所述软木纤维可选自松木的、云杉的或其混合物的纤维);以及天然或合成的粘合剂,如苯酚甲醛或脲醛树脂,上述纤维素垫包括至少约80%精制的原纤化纤维素纤维,例如是纤维板垫,如经过热压来生产硬板的那种垫。这种模制制品的上表面具有优越的模制模具准确度和光滑的光洁度,或可以压花仿制硬木如橡树的纹理图案,仿制家具级的天然木材。上述制品是由纤维素纤维的平面层或垫经模制成,例如是由湿法或干法而最好是由干法制成的纤维板垫。在其最佳实施形式中,这种纤维板垫在模制前厚1-3英寸,而在模制后厚1/8-1/4英寸,具有共平面的竖框与横栏以及环绕这种模制板的平背面,使得这样的共平面背面适合平齐地接触壁面或门面,特别是在墙的踢脚板与护墙板之间,作为住房内壁的护壁镶板外墙壁面衬。依据本发明另一实施形式,这种反向模制板是成套制造,包括许多不同尺寸的板,可用来为内壁作完整的贴面而与壁的尺寸无关。
背景技术
人造板的纤维板,例如其中的硬板,在制造内镶板、外护壁镶板,特别是在制造门的饰面时,通常在其可见的主要外表面上向下压花,以使外部表面例如竖框与围拦成为这种压花制品的最高结构。这种现有技术指出,由于纤维的拉伸和断裂,难以反向模制和使压花深冲压到纤维板内。反向模制的纤维板在其可见的外表面上要比其内表面(与凸起的模具面接触的表面)拉伸得更多,使得在仿制天然木制品的凸镶板中,更难以形成清晰的轮廓分明的设计细节。如同下述美国专利所公开的,反向模制和深冲到纤维板内的印花一般需要:一或多道压制步骤、模制后在高温下的固化、箔或高树脂含量的外表面部分和/或按产品重量计约5-25%,最好至少约10%高含量的粘合剂树脂,该美国专利号为4061813(Geimer)、4378265(Kiss)、4552797(Munk)、4610900(Nishibori)、4612224(Davis)、4622190(Schultz)、4726881(Schultz)、4734236(Davis)、4812188(Honsen)、4844968(Persson)、4865788(Davis)、4960548(Ikeda)、4960553(DeBruine)、4969302(Coggan)、5028374(Imace)、5090173(Coggan)、5154968(Depetris)、5443891(Bach)、5851325(Terada)与5887402(Ruggie)。
用来形成这种疏松垫的纤维素纤维,例如是25.4~50.8mm(1-2英寸)厚的纤维素纤维层,最好是38.1mm(11/2)至44.45mm(13/4英寸)原的,具有例如0.6g/cm3的比重,在纤维干燥与制成垫后最初可以是极为干燥的,但这种垫中的纤维素纤维会从大气中吸水份,因而取决于这种垫所储存和/或制造的区域中的湿度,在通过热压模制时一般含有约2-10%的水份。
本发明的反向模制板特别适于用作护壁镶板。这种板经反向模制而形成“型面向上”的构型这种反向模制方法允许将模制出的板直接安装到墙壁上,而不同于现有技术的方法需用“垫片隔件”(参看图6A),从而便于安装,同时能结合下护壁镶板的优越的美感。实际木材护壁镶板已确立了可靠的处理方法,但是价格昂贵,在其护壁镶板中,除了实际的木材的多件预制品外,还制造了某些石膏与聚合物材料,但它们在市面上只获得勉强认可,这部分是由于它们不具有天然木材的感觉或外观。尚不能获得提供了根据本发明原理的应用的简易性的木质纤维复合的反向模制护壁镶板系统。
发明内容
简单地说,本发明是针对反向模制的纤维板材;成套护壁镶板,包括许多不同尺寸的反向模制板以及平的精加工板或隔板,适合完全覆盖住墙踢脚板和护墙板间的任何尺寸的墙壁;以及以一道压制步骤来反向模制疏松的纤维垫的方法,此方法能提供一或多块较高密度的凸镶板,而不要求预压或其它预成形步骤例如修整。这种反向模制板是在常规的,多开口的纤维板压机中以一道压制步骤工艺模制成,同时能优异地传递模具的细致结构(压花准确性)而不会有肉眼可见的纤维断裂。这种板可以包括一张箔、一种浸渍的纸饰面或是热塑涂层材料,但不要求用饰面或高树脂含量涂层来实现优越的压花准确性和外观。
在此最佳实施形式中,模制的疏松纤维素垫是由干法制成,这在凸起的模制板的背面周围形成了光滑平的背面,而不是由湿法制成的压制垫导致的筛网式背面图案。这种反向模制凸镶板的设计提供了凸起的型面(型面向上),该型面在外部棱角处有清晰分明的细致结构,使得外观与感觉同于手工的天然木材制品,而实际上为反向模制的高密度的木材复合材料,它可以牢靠地粘合到平的墙壁如石膏墙板上。
因此,本发明的一个方面在于提供反向模制的木材复合制品以及这种制品的制造方法,其中此制品是由纤维素纤维的疏松垫与粘合剂制成,使得此制品具有仿制天然木材制品的向上凸起的板。
本发明的另一方面在于提供反向模制的木材复合制品以及成套形式的制品制造方法,使得这种制品能牢靠地粘合到任何平表面上,如石膏壁或灰泥墙,以在踢脚板与护墙板之间充填整个墙面积,同时于此反向模制的凸镶板上提供清晰的轮廓分明的外部角棱,以仿制天然木材的手工制品。
本发明的另一方面在于提供护护壁镶板的成套制品,它包括许多反向模制的具有不同宽度的木材复合制品以及一易切割成所需宽度的平板,用以填充踢脚板与护墙板间的整个墙壁。
本发明的又另一方面在于提供这样一种反向的模制的木材复合制品,它能以一次压制操作在外部角棱与轮廓上传递模具的细致结构,而不要求:多道压制步骤、模制后的高温下固化、或是箔或高树脂含量(5-25%)的外表面部。
本发明的另一方面在于提供这样的反向模制木材复合制品,它可以由纤维素垫模制成而此种垫不需要合成纤维、平纹棉麻织物表面、短纤维与长纤维的成层、树脂浸溃的纸饰面、热塑性清漆或是在模制前经针刺法(制毯工艺中的针刺法)将垫保持到一起。
本发明的再一方面在于提供这样的反向模制木材复合制品,它具有一或多个凸镶板,这种板包括位于中央的高5-10mm的矩形板部分,周围以凸起的、模制的浮雕图形状的木制品结构,此结构具有许多凸起的平面台阶,向上升高并且向内与倒圆形的围线结合成一体,直到在圆形顶点处具有增大了密度的圆顶端部,用以防止损伤与表面纤维断裂,且所具的几何结构能提供清晰的轮廓分明的表面细节,尤其是在此木制品几何结构的外部角棱处,同时只用一道压制(模制)步骤,而能在此凸起的模制的矩形木制品结构中除该圆形顶点外,都具有基本均匀的密度。
本发明的又另一方面在于提供这样的反向模制木材复合制品,它能以一道压制(模制)操作模制出多个部段组成的一个条带,并可以在模制后切割成分离的部段,然后涂以水基和/或溶剂基的涂层材料例如颜料或染料。
本发明的再另一方面在于提供成套的护壁镶板,它包括许多反向模制的木材复合制品以提供至少两种不同的凸镶板(窗口)规格、至少两种不同的复合制品宽度,其中较小宽度的复合制品具有相称的较小的凸镶板宽度和一平面隔板,使得组合起的复合制品能够完全充填踢脚板与护墙板间的壁部,其中将此组合起的复合制品切割,使之符合内壁角棱部尺寸,用以覆盖整个壁宽再到护墙板。具体地说,此成套的最佳的反向模制制品具有的宽度为12英寸、16英寸与48英寸,而12英寸与16英寸宽度的则有不同尺寸的窗(凸镶板),此48英寸宽度的制品则具有三个窗,该窗尺寸可以匹配12英寸宽或16英寸宽的制品。
本发明的又再一方面在于提供这样的反向模制木材复合制品,它具有的一或多个凸镶板包括有一中央平整的隆起部,此隆起部周围有一矩形凸起的木制品结构,而这种凸起的板则为平的竖框与横栏所包围,其中这些凸镶板能同周围的平的竖框与横栏相分开,例如通过锯或反向喷砂能同周围的平基板分开,使得这些分开的板能粘合到房门、柜门、百页窗、家具、图书馆或木制品墙,或者通过进一步除去此中央平整的凸镶板部而作为框架材料。
本发明的又再一方面在于提供一种反向模制的木材复合门面板,它包括:模制的木材复合板,此复合板具有外表面和对置的内表面用以牢靠地粘合到一基板的表面上,此复合板包括一主平面部、处于与此主平面部的平面分开的平面中的至少一个平板部、以及环绕所述平板部并与其以及所述主平面部互连且成为整体的向外延伸的浮雕型壁,此浮雕型壁是相对于上述基板的表面并从其向外延伸。
本发明的又再一方面在于提供一种门,此门包括:门支承件;和第一与第二门面板,各个门面板具有固定到所述门支承件上的内置表面和设于外部的表面,至少一个所述的门面板包括反向模制的木材复合门面板。
本发明的又再一方面在于提供一种形成反向模制木材复合门面板的方法,此方法包括下述步骤:提供具有上部模具和形成一个模腔的下部模具的模具,其中此上部模具具有一平面部,而此下部模具具有一平面部和与所述模腔互补的至少一个上延的浮雕型结构;将纤维素垫设于上部与下部模具之间;以及压缩在此上部与下部模具间的纤维素垫并将此纤维素垫加热到足以形成具有浮雕型部和平部的反向模制木材复合门面板的温度,此浮雕型部从此平面部的第一表面向外延伸,此第一表面适合设于外部且与适合设于内部和粘合固定到一基板上的第二表面相对,其中此平面部具有第一厚度和第一密度,而此浮雕型部具有小于上述第一厚度的第二厚度和大于上述第一密度的第二密度。
根据下面结合附图对最佳实施例的详细描述,当可更清楚地理解本发明上述的和其他的方面与优点。
附图说明
图1是铺设在下部模腔与上部模芯间疏松的干沉积复合纤维素垫的局部剖开的透视图,示明了这种垫疏松到足以在压制依在模腔的凸镶板轮廓形成轮廓;
图2是本发明的反向模制护壁镶板木材复合制品的局部剖开的透视图,示明这种凸镶板的最佳几何结构;
图3是护壁镶板成套制品的部件的正视图,此成套制品包括三个反向模制板和一个平面板共四个不同的制品,能完全充填踢脚板与护墙板间的墙壁同时只需切割此平面板以充填此整个墙壁直到此护壁镶板。
图4是包括一过大的窗的一部分墙壁部的局部剖开正视图,示明将图3的成套制品配合到此具有过大窗的壁部上的方式。
图5是本发明的反向模制木材复合制品的局部剖开的侧视图,示明这种反向模制凸镶板结构的轮廓;
图6是沿图7中6-6线截取的侧视图,示明粘附在踢脚板与护墙板间的干饰面内墙上的本发明的木材复合护壁镶板制品;
图6A是类似于图6的侧视图,示明通过隔件固定于干饰面内墙上的现有技术的护壁镶板制品;和
图7是固定于墙壁上的本发明的木材复合护壁镶板制品的正视图,同时示明了一种开关板的新结构,这种开关板能通过护壁镶板制品固定到墙壁上,即使插座属于凸起的板的结构。
具体实施方式
在附图所示的最佳实施例中,本发明的模制木材复合制品模制成被粘合到墙壁的踢脚板与墙壁的护墙板间的平整的内壁之上的护壁镶板形式,用以仿制实心的天然木材护壁镶板的木制品,如图2所示。但应认识到本发明远不止于用来制造护壁镶板,而也可用来制造门或车门面板,特别是柜门的饰面以及任何模制的人造复合木材制品,包括与这种模制制品的平面部分相邻的一或多个反向模制的凸起的木制品结构。能依照本发明原理制造的其他复合反向模制木材制品包括装饰性硬板;内部与外部的通道门的饰面、柜门的饰面与车库门的饰面;装饰用内壁镶板;细木工家具与一般家具的装饰线条;与待粘合到柜门的外部平表面、柜门或家具的平面部分上的周围平面部分相分开的压制板;家具部件,等等。
本发明的反向模制部件制品的尺寸的宽度最好为5-96英寸,而高度最好为12-60英寸或甚至达96英寸。
本发明的制品最好由根据制品中纤维总的干重的至少80%重量的原纤化纤维素纤维以及能将这些纤维素纤维粘合到一起成为结构稳定的固定制品的粘合剂构成。这些纤维素纤维由精制的原纤化纤维形成,可以由天然的或合成的粘合剂模制和粘合到一起,以在外部的所有可见表面包括模制的凸镶板面提供悦目的模制轮廓和光滑或木纹结构的表面。本发明的制品可以模制成薄到例如0.1-0.3英寸的护壁镶板,或是可将凸镶板经切割或反向喷砂而除去掉,用以粘合到柜门或类似部件上,以便在任何平表面上提供凸起的、手工制作的天然木制品的外观。
依据本发明的一优选实施例,本发明的制品包括按重量计小于5%的树脂粘合剂。在另一优选实施例中,此树脂粘合剂是均匀分布于此产品中。
依据本发明,本发明的反向模制制品可以用粘合或其他方式紧固到任何平面支承结构上。
下面参看附图,首先参看图1,其中示明了模具一部分的局部剖开透视图,包括下部的半模或模腔4,上面铺有部分剖开的垫5,还包括上部的模芯6,用于将垫5压制成总体上以标号10指明的护壁镶板。上部模芯6在其底表面上有模坑7,其形状与下部模腔4中所示的向上延伸的模具结构互补,以在它们之间将垫5压制成与半模4与6间的模腔形状一致。如图1与2所示,护壁镶板10是在仿制凸镶板的下部模腔4与上部模心6之间模制成,以在模制制品10中提供包括有位于中央的平凸镶板部分13的凸镶板12,以及统一的标号14指明的矩形等高线的壁部,这种壁部还包括在该板的外表面上凸起的外部角棱15,而这些外表面则对应于与下部模腔4的隆起等高线基本一致的等高线。反向模制板10例如可以通过粘合剂或通过紧固器件如钉子或螺丝固定到适当的平表面,如家庭内室的护壁镶板的壁部区上。下部模腔4的一般轮廓基本上与护壁镶板10的上表面相同,例外的只是下部模腔4在凸镶板的尺寸中在水平方向上略小,以适应模制成图2所示向上延伸的凸镶板结构的模制纤维素垫5的厚度。上部模芯6载有一凸镶板受纳模腔7,其尺寸与凸镶板12结构的上表面互补,且可以光滑地造型或能够包括向下延伸的结构(未图示),用以压花,仿制形成木纹图案的木纹外套。
护壁镶板10由按大致水平位置布设的半模4与6之间所设模腔模制,使得相应的上部主表面对应于此护壁镶板在模制时的位置为水平的,同时应知这种模制制品在使用时的位置通常希望是垂直的而非水平,如图2-7所示护壁镶板10的情形。护壁镶板10的“凸起的型面向上”模制的外部主表面按垂直取向(“凸起的型面外伸”)设在壁的踢脚板16与壁部的护墙板18之间。如图6所示,此最佳实施例中如图2所示的示例性护壁镶板10包括一或多个凸镶板12。这些凸镶板12经模制成提供浮雕型的壁部,它们统一以14标明,与设置于中央的平凸镶板部13成整体并围绕它,而这种浮雕型壁部14整体地连接着并环绕以平的垂直竖框20与22以及水平横栏24与26,它们分别处于一共同平面上,用于由粘合剂将各竖框与横栏20、22、24与26的底面固定到平壁之上,如图3与6所示。
在这种最佳实施形式的护壁镶板10中,如图2-4清楚地表明,上述反向模制的浮雕型壁14被模制成为矩形,包围位于中央的平板部分13,而这种浮雕型壁14与此平板部分13的外边缘27通过位于其间的斜壁28互连。如图5与6中板的轮廓所清楚表明的,浮雕型壁14包括一壁部30,它与相邻的竖框或横栏(图5中示明于24处)成整体并从其向上延伸以在水平线(在此水平位置模制)上约25-35°的角延伸。依据本发明的一优选实施例,向外延伸的浮雕型壁从周围的主平面部以30~35°的角度朝上并向内延伸。然后壁部30在大致U状的浮雕型壁部32中被向下弯曲,并于其外端与壁部30成整体,而在其内端则于平的凸镶板部13的外边缘27(图2与5)处与此板部13成为整体。构成以各个凸镶板部12的反向模制矩形的四个浮雕型壁14是一致的造形。根据此最佳实施例,此U形浮雕型壁部32构形成可使其最内部的底面34(放到壁上的)在此U字状的底部,处于与上述竖框与横栏20、22、24与26的底面36同一平面中,使得此U形壁部32的底面34在U字状的底部接触到并可粘附到壁部37上,以在就位时作结构支承(如图6所示)。
本发明的制品是由纤维素纤维的疏松垫和热固粘合剂制成,该热固粘合剂如纤维板制造中常用的脲醛、蜜胺甲醛、苯酚甲醛粘合剂。这种垫5应包括按其中总的干纤维重量计至少约80%而最好是100%的原纤化的精制纤维素纤维。这种纤维是由木屑一般采用约80-120psi的而较好是约100-110psi,最好约为105psi的蒸汽压力用机械方法精制而成。在精制这种纤维素纤维的蒸汽压力高于约120psi时,可生产出用于本发明的高度精制的纤维,但其成本则是从商业角度上难以接受的。
纤维素纤维的这种精制将生产出最好干沉积成基重为0.58-0.62磅/立方英寸的疏松纤维素纤维垫的原纤化纤维素纤维。在温度约385-450°F、最大压力约550-约850psi的热压下进行模制,所得到的压花制品的比重为约0.96-1.08,更好是约0.98-约1.06,而最好是约1.00-1.04。本发明的制品的“型面”向上,通过减小设计型面中的最高点处的厚度而补偿地增大密度,达到约1.02-1.08比重,而目标比重为1.02-1.04,不论是光滑的还是有纹理的结构。环绕这种型面区的平表面几何结构通常稍稍加大这种区中的厚度而压制成较低的比重1.00-0.98。
根据本发明的另一重要的实施形式,本发明的反向模制板10能够按一系列宽度生产,例如图3所示,模制板10A例如为48英寸宽,有三个凸镶板12;板10B例如为16英寸宽,有一个凸镶板12,模制板10C例如为12英寸宽,有一个凸镶板12;平面板10D,例如为8英寸宽,可以按纵向切割来完成一壁。各个板10A、10B、10C与10D的高度相同,例如为32英寸,即标准的护壁镶板的高度。如图3所示,上述板例如10B或10C可以设置到窗40之下,通过转动这种板(10B,如图3所示)90°,使凸镶板12在水平位置具有一长度,必要时,当窗低到地板上时,则可用板10C来代替在板10C之上和/或之下的一或两个平板10D。
图2所示的成套护壁镶板易于由房主自行安装:从室的中央或直接在中央窗下开始,将这些板朝向分隔开的壁端的内侧角棱对称地排列。通过将板10B和/或10C适当地排列好后,此8英寸宽的平面板10D具有的宽度足以填充所有的壁至室内角棱确定的壁端,并可以精确地切割,以完全充填相关的壁。
根据本发明的另一方面,在图3所示的成套板件中,还提供有电照明开关板(未图示)和插座盖,后者整体和汇总地标以标号40(图7)。这些插座盖40与开关板(未图示)是矩形的,而所具有的最外竖壁42至少高达板12的隆起浮雕型壁14和平面凸镶板部13的高度,使得不论这种光开关板和/或插座盖40位于护壁镶板10的何处,在板12中开切出一孔使其外部尺寸与开关板盖或出口盖40的相同,将此出口盖40插抵到壁(在此板内),而不会暴露切割开的板,这是因为板12中的切口与出口盖40的最外壁24平齐,如图7所示。
以上的说明只是为了能更清楚地理解本发明,而不应由此得出任何不必要的限制,有关在本发明范围内的改型是内行的人所了解到的。

Claims (59)

1.反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),它包括模制的木材复合板,此木材复合板具有外表面和对置的内表面,此内表面构造为用以牢靠地粘合到一基板(37)的表面上,此木材复合板的外表面和内表面包括一主平面部(20,22,24,26)、处于与此主平面部的平面分开的平面中的至少一个平板部(13)、以及环绕所述平板部(13)并与其以及所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)互连且成为整体的向外延伸的浮雕型壁(14),此浮雕型壁(14)是相对于上述基板(37)的表面并从其向外延伸。
2.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述浮雕型壁(14)包括一顶点。
3.权利要求2所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述顶点包括圆顶部。
4.权利要求3所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述浮雕型壁(14)还包括插入于所述主平面部和所述圆顶部之间许多凸起的平面台阶。
5.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述浮雕型壁(14)包括与所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)相邻的第一浮雕型部和与所述平板部相邻的第二浮雕型部。
6.权利要求5所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述第一浮雕型部从所述外表面向外延伸,而所述第二浮雕型部相对于所述平板部(13)向内延伸。
7.权利要求6所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述平板部(13)相对于所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)向外部设置。
8.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述浮雕型壁(14)从所述外表面以约25°~约35°的角度向外延伸。
9.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中每个所述平板部(13)呈矩形。
10.权利要求9所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中浮雕型壁(14)在平面上为矩形。
11.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)具有第一厚度和第一密度,而所述浮雕型壁(14)具有第二厚度和第二密度,此第二厚度小于第一厚度,第二密度大于第一密度。
12.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述模制的木材复合板是由至少40%重量的选自松木与冷杉的木纤维形成的。
13.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述模制的木材复合板是由硬板形成。
14.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中,所述反向模制的木材复合门面板由精制的纤维素纤维垫和足够的粘合剂模制成,所述足够的粘合剂将纤维素纤维粘合到一起形成比重约0.96~1.08的在结构上结实的制品,所述制品是由根据其中纤维总的干重的至少80%重量百分比的,由木屑精制的原纤化纤维素纤维形成,其中所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)围绕所述向外延伸的浮雕型壁(14)和所述平板部(13),所述平板部(13)具有许多外部角棱,仿制天然木制品,并且其中所述制品包括一共平面的背面部,用以将所述内表面粘合到一基板的平表面上。
15.权利要求14所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中此制品包括按重量计小于5%的树脂粘合剂。
16.权利要求15所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中此树脂粘合剂是均匀分布于此产品中。
17.权利要求16所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中此制品不包括在纤维素垫上的热塑涂层材料,也不包括树脂浸渍的纸盖层。
18.权利要求14的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中的纤维素纤维垫是由干法制成且具有光滑的平背面部分。
19.权利要求14的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中还包括粘合到此制品的上述共平面的背面部分上的平的墙壁基体。
20.权利要求19的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中的平的墙壁基体是通过紧固件或粘合剂结合到此制品的共平面的背面部,而不用设在平的墙壁基体与此制品的共平面的背面部间的隔件。
21.权利要求14的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述的向外延伸的浮雕型壁(14)从所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)向外延伸5~10mm的距离。
22.权利要求14的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述纤维素垫包括按此制品中纤维素纤维的总重计至少40%重量的软木纤维。
23.权利要求22的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述软木纤维选自松木的、云杉的或其混合物。
24.权利要求23的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述纤维素纤维是约100%重量的软木纤维。
25.权利要求14的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述向外延伸的浮雕型壁(14)从主平面部(20,22,24,26)以25~35°的角度朝上延伸然后向下延伸。
26.权利要求25的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述向外延伸的浮雕型壁(14)从主平面部(20,22,24,26)以30~35°的角度朝上延伸然后向下延伸。
27.权利要求14的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中此制品在所述浮雕型壁(14)的最高点处的比重高于所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)处的比重。
28.权利要求27的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中此制品在所述浮雕型壁(14)的最高点处的比重为1.02~1.08,而所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)处的比重为0.98~1.00。
29.权利要求1所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中,所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)具有第一厚度和第一密度,所述浮雕型壁(14)具有小于上述第一厚度的第二厚度,和大于上述第一密度的第二密度。
30.权利要求29所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述浮雕型壁(14)包括圆顶部。
31.权利要求29所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述平板部(13)相对于所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)向外设置。
32.权利要求30所述的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10),其中所述浮雕型壁(14)包括第一与第二浮雕型部,此第一浮雕型部包括上述圆顶部且与所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)邻近,而所述第二浮雕型部则与所述平板部(13)邻近。
33.权利要求1的反向模制的木材复合门面板,其中所述反向模制的木材复合门面板包括装饰性硬板。
34.门,此门包括:
门支承件(37);和
第一与第二门面板,各个门面板具有固定到所述门支承件上的内置表面和设于外部的表面,至少一个所述的门面板包括权利要求1的反向模制的木材复合门面板(10)。
35.权利要求34所述的门,其中所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)具有第一厚度而所述浮雕型壁(14)具有第二厚度,此第二厚度小于此第一厚度。
36.权利要求34所述的门,其中所述平板部(13)相对于所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)向外设置。
37.权利要求34所述的门,其中所述浮雕型壁(14)包括具有与所述主平面部(20,22,24,26)邻近的圆顶的第一部和与所述平板部(13)邻近的第二部。
38.形成反向模制木材复合门面板(10)的方法,此方法包括下述步骤:
提供具有上部模具(6)和形成一个模腔(7)的下部模具(4)的模具,其中此上部模具(6)具有一平部,而此下部模具(4)具有一平部和与所述模腔互补的至少一个上延的浮雕型结构;
将纤维素垫设于上部与下部模具之间;以及
压缩在此上部与下部模具间的纤维素垫并将此纤维素垫加热到足以形成具有浮雕型部和平面部的反向模制木材复合门面板的温度,此浮雕型部从此平面部的第一表面向外延伸,此第一表面适合设于外部且与适合设于内部和粘合固定到一基板上的第二表面相对,其中此平面部具有第一厚度和第一密度,而此浮雕型部具有小于上述第一厚度的第二厚度和大于上述第一密度的第二密度。
39.权利要求38所述方法,其中还包括将此纤维素垫压缩到比重为约0.96~约1.08的步骤。
40.权利要求38所述方法,其中还包括将此纤维素垫加热到温度约385°~约450°F的步骤。
41.权利要求38所述方法,其中还包括将此纤维素垫加压到约550~约850psi的步骤。
42.权利要求38所述方法,其中还包括提供包括至少约80%重量的原纤化纤维素纤维的步骤,这种纤维则选自松木的或冷杉的。
43.权利要求38所述方法,其中还包括提供包括选自蜜胺甲醛、苯酚甲醛与脲醛的热固性粘合剂的纤维素垫。
44.权利要求38所述的方法,其中:
所述纤维素垫包括按反向模制木材复合门面板中纤维的总干重计的至少是80%重量的由木屑精制的原纤化纤维素纤维,此下部模具具有环绕一上突浮雕型木制品仿制结构的平表面部分,包括许多外部角棱;以及
所述上部模具在垫接触底面上被向内浮雕,此上部模具中的上述向内浮雕型件的形状与从所述下部模具向上延伸的前述上突浮雕型木制品仿制结构互补,在充分的加热与加压下进行压缩以使此纤维素垫从结构上固实成比重约0.96~约1.08的制品。
45.权利要求44所述的方法,其中此制品包括少于5%重量的热固性树脂粘合剂。
46.权利要求45所述的方法,其中所述树脂粘合剂整个在此制品之内均匀分布。
47.权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述制品不包括在纤维素垫上的热塑性涂层材料,也不包括树脂浸渍的纸盖层。
48.权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述纤维素纤维垫是由干法制成且具有光滑的平背面。
49.权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述反向模制木材复合门面板具有平背面,并且所述方法还包括将平的墙壁基体粘附到上述制品的平背面上。
50.权利要求49所述的方法,其中此平的墙壁基体是粘附到此制品的上述平背面上而不用设于此制品的平的墙壁基体与平背面之间的隔件。
51.权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述向外延伸的浮雕型部是由所述平面部向外模制成,并且其中所述向外延伸的浮雕型部环绕一平板部在所述平面部之上相间隔5~10mm的距离。
52.权利要求44所述的方法,其中此纤维素垫根据所述制品中纤维素纤维的总重计包括至少40%重量的软木纤维。
53.权利要求52所述的方法,其中所述软木纤维选自松木的、云杉的或它们的混合物。
54.权利要求53所述的方法,其中所述纤维素纤维是约100%重量的软木纤维。
55.权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述向外延伸的浮雕型部(14)模制成从所述平面部以25~35°的角度朝上延伸然后向下延伸。
56.权利要求55所述的方法,其中所述向外延伸的浮雕型部(14)模制成从所述平面部(20,22,24,26)以30~35°的角度朝上延伸然后朝下延伸。
57.权利要求44所述的方法,其中此制品在所述浮雕型部(14)的最高点处的比重高于所述平面部(20,22,24,26)处的比重。
58.权利要求57所述的方法,其中在所述向上延伸的浮雕型部(14)中最高点处的比重为1.02~1.08,而在环绕此向上延伸的浮雕型部的平面部处的比重为0.98~1.00。
59.权利要求57所述的方法,其中此纤维素纤维是约100%重量的软木纤维。
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US7721499B2 (en) 2010-05-25
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