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CN1224227C - 自适应频道均衡器 - Google Patents

自适应频道均衡器 Download PDF

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CN1224227C
CN1224227C CNB011017031A CN01101703A CN1224227C CN 1224227 C CN1224227 C CN 1224227C CN B011017031 A CNB011017031 A CN B011017031A CN 01101703 A CN01101703 A CN 01101703A CN 1224227 C CN1224227 C CN 1224227C
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length
packet
equalizer
packet error
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CN1323140A (zh
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阿伦·R·博伊莱特
马修·T·迈耶
约翰·S·斯图尔特
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
    • H04N5/21—Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré or halo
    • H04N5/211—Ghost signal cancellation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
    • H04L25/03038—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a non-recursive structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/0335—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
    • H04L2025/03375—Passband transmission
    • H04L2025/03382—Single of vestigal sideband
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/03592—Adaptation methods
    • H04L2025/03598—Algorithms
    • H04L2025/03611—Iterative algorithms
    • H04L2025/03617—Time recursive algorithms
    • H04L2025/0363—Feature restoration, e.g. constant modulus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/03592—Adaptation methods
    • H04L2025/03598—Algorithms
    • H04L2025/03681—Control of adaptation
    • H04L2025/03687—Control of adaptation of step size

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • Picture Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

在处理包含有包括数据分组在内的地面广播高清晰度电视信息的VSB调制信号的接收机中，将接收的信号转换为数字信号(19)、解调(22)并由自适应频道均衡器(34)均衡。均衡信号由包括里德-所罗门FEC错误检测和纠正网络(44)的解码网络处理。均衡器滤波器系数步长在自适应过程中作为分组错误率的函数动态调整。本地微控制器(60)监视里德-所罗门错误检测器的分组错误率并指令均衡器按照减小分组错误率的方向调整其系数步长。

Description

自适应频道均衡器
技术领域
本发明涉及可以通过比如电视接收机这样的图像处理和显示装置处理的代表图像的信号的自适应频道均衡。
背景技术
在接收机中从以符号形式传送数字信息的调制信号中恢复数据通常需要三种功能：用于符号同步的同步恢复、载波恢复(频率解调为基带)和频道均衡。定时恢复为将接收机时钟(时基)与发射机时钟同步的处理过程。这允许在最佳时间点采样的接收信号以降低与接收符号值的方向判定处理相关的限幅误差概率。载波恢复为将接收的RF信号下变频为较低的中频通带(也就是接近基带)后频率转换为基带以允许恢复调制的基带信息的处理过程。
许多数字数据通信系统使用自适应均衡法以补偿改变频道条件时的失真效应和信号传输频道中的干扰。均衡处理过程估计传输频道的传递函数并对接收的信号施加传递函数的反函数以降低或消除失真效应。频道均衡法通常使用滤波器去除与传输频道的时变响应相关的频率导致的幅度和相位失真，比如，从而改善符号判定能力。均衡法去除由包括传输频道的低通滤波效应在内的传输频道干扰导致的基带符号间干扰(ISI)。ISI导致由先前的和随后的符号引起给定符号值失真，并且实际上代表“重影(ghosts)”符号，这是由于ISI包括在指定判定区域的相应于基准符号位置的超前和延迟符号。
自适应均衡器实质上是具有自适应响应功能以补偿频道失真的数字滤波器。几个公知的算法可用来自适应滤波器的系数并从而自适应滤波器响应以收敛均衡器。在收敛均衡器系数的过程中，在最初自适应阶段一般使用大步长以更快收敛系数，而在其他时间采用小步长变化以防止系数值急速改变。本发明针对支持有效使用此步长变化的过程。
发明内容
按照本发明的原理，在自适应过程中，作为比如可由FEC错误检测和纠正网络的输出证实的分组错误率的函数，通过动态地改变均衡器滤波器的系数步长，来实现自适应均衡。
本发明提供一种在处理包含有由包含数据分组的调制信号组成的代表图象的数据流的接收信号的系统中的信号处理方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：解调所述接收信号，以产生解调信号；自适应均衡所述解调信号，以产生均衡信号；错误检测所述均衡信号，以检测所述均衡信号中的分组错误；和在所述均衡步骤中作为所述检测分组错误函数调整滤波器系数步长值。
本发明还提供一种在处理包含有包括数据分组的代表图象的数据流的接收信号的系统中的信号均衡方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：a.以默认系数步长初始化均衡器；b.判定分组错误数量；c.如果判定的分组错误数量没有超过预定值，保持初始步长；d.如果判定的分组错误数量超过预定值，减小初始步长；e.在步骤d中减小系数步长之后，判定分组错误数量是否增加；f.如果在步骤d中减小系数步长之后分组错误数量增加，返回到默认系数步长。
附图说明
图1为按照本发明原理的包括自适应均衡器的高清晰度电视(HDTV)接收机的部分方框图。
图2为说明按照本发明原理的自适应均衡器的工作流程图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，地面广播模拟输入HDTV信号由包括无线频率(RF)调谐电路14和用于产生IF通带输出信号的中频(IF)处理器16的输入网络及合适的自动增益控制(AGC)电路处理。在本实施例中，接收的信号为按照美国采用的ATSC地面广播标准的多级8-VSB调制载波抑制信号。为了简化图示，未示出对所示功能块计时的时序信号。
来自单元16的通带IF输出信号由模数转换器19转换为数字符号数据流。来自ADC19的输出数字数据流由解调器/载波恢复网络22解调为基带信号。此工作由锁相环响应在接收的VSB数据流中的小基准导频信号载波完成。单元22产生一输出I相解调符号数据流。单元22可以包括在大联盟系统规范中描述的类型或在由T.J.Wang1998年8月26提交的序列号为第09/140,257的共同未决美国专利申请中描述的类型的解调器。
与ADC19相联系的为段同步发生器和符号时钟恢复网络24。网络24恢复来自接收的随机数据的每数据帧的重复数据段同步分量。段同步用来重新生成用于控制模数转换器19采样的数据流符号的正确定相时钟，比如每秒10.76兆符。
单元28通过比较每个接收的数据段与存储在接收机的存储器中的理想场基准信号检测数据场同步分量以提供场同步。NTSC同频道干扰检测和抑制由单元30执行。然后，信号由下面将讨论的依照本发明原理工作的频道均衡器34自适应均衡。均衡器34可以为几种类型之一，比如在ATSC HDTV系统规范中和在1995年8月的IEEE消费电子文集(Transactions on ConsumerElectronics)上由W.Bretl等发表的论文“大联盟数字电视接收机的VSB调制解调器子系统设计(VSB Modem Subsystem Design for Grand Alliance DigitalTelevision Receivers)”中描述的类型。
均衡器34纠正频道失真，但是相位噪声随机旋转符号群。相位跟踪网络36去除均衡器34的输出信号中包括前述载波恢复网络响应导频信号没有去除的相位噪声在内的残留相位和增益噪声。当开始获取信号时，自适应均衡器34使用比如常模算法(CMA)的公知的盲目均衡算法工作在盲模式。在过去一段时间后，比如50毫秒，认为均衡器的输出足够好，足以允许均衡器34工作在稳定状态的有向判定模式。
来自均衡器34的相位纠正信号由单元40网格解码，然后由单元42解交织。来自单元40的解码和解交织数据分组由前向纠错(FEC)单元44，比如里德-所罗门(Reed-Solomon)错误检测和检测网络检测和纠正错误。来自单元44的错误纠正包由单元46使用众所周知的过程解扰(去随机化)。微控制器60为系统的其他单元提供适当的定时控制和时钟信号，同时用作系统的网络之间的数据通信链接。纠错器44和微控制器60按照将要讨论的本发明的原理合作控制均衡器34的工作。然后，解码的数据流由单元50进行音频、视频和显示处理。
依照本发明原理，均衡器滤波器系数的步长在系数更新处理期间作为由FEC单元44的输出端的测量确定的分组错误率的函数来改变。此测量由FEC单元自己依照公知的知道何时分组包含多于其能纠正的错误的FEC算法执行。在信号获取时确定步长设定一次，然后保持到执行另一次获取。分组错误率由微控制器60监视。这里可以认为分组错误率是系统性能的直接和准确测量，并因此方便地用作步长改变是否产生了可接受或不可接受结果(较低的或较高的分组错误率)的累积测量。步长改变独立于均衡器操作模式，也就是盲目或有向判定工作模式，而发生。改变步长有助于均衡器从盲模式切换到有向判定工作模式。
改变均衡器步长允许折中动态多路(“重影”)跟踪性能，以降低滤波器系数的随机不准确性的噪声贡献。大步长允许滤波器系数更快改变，故滤波器可以更快适应动态改变多路条件。这降低了滤波器系数在其公称值附近随机波动引起的噪声电平。由于接收机工作时必须经常面临的变化信号质量下降的情况，这对于地面广播高清晰度电视信号接收机特别有好处。
在某些情况下，限制接收机特性的因素包括热产生的白噪声或静态多路径。在其他情况下限制接收机性能的因素为动态多路径。在白噪声和静态多路条件下，当已达到稳态工作条件时滤波器系数不必快速自适应，故步长可以很小。在动态工作条件下，滤波器系数需要快速自适应以改变多路参数。所公开的系统通过以合适的间隔在FEC检测器的输出作分组错误率测量对于为典型的期望信号条件选择的初始步长方便地解决这些需要考虑的事项。如果测量的错误率大于可接受的阈值，设置一不同的步长并以相同的时间间隔测量另一个分组错误。举例来说，如果最初使用了一大步长，则第二次测量将使用一较小的步长。在两次测量间隙结束时，一直采用产生较小错误率(由控制器60判定)的步长，只要合适调谐的、有用的信号存在。保持该步长直到下一信号获取时间，此时重复步长选择过程。
可以设计此过程以适应特定系统的需求。比如，可能出现在第一次步长改变后错误非常少的情况。在此情况下一在给定系统中可行时可能会尝试另一次降低步长。如果在第一次步长减小之后实际上具有相同的分组错误，可以采用连接-断路器(tie-breaker)规则。在此情况下当前系统将使用较大步长以保持跟踪质量。但是，在不同的系统中可以使用较小步长，如果按照系统的需求认为期望这样做。
更为具体地说，均衡器系数步长是按照图2所示流程图描述的方法来建立的。在步骤(1)中，在信号获取时间，微控制器60以在此例中是基于获取时的正常期望信号条件的默认步长初始化均衡器34的操作。在大约为1秒的预定延时之后(步骤2)，微控制器60查询FEC单元44以判定累积了多少分组错误(步骤3)。1秒种的延时为标称延迟。也可以根据特定系统的需要使用其他延时。如果分组错误数目没有超过以经验确定的可视性阈值(步骤4)，则保持当前均衡器系数步长(步骤5)。然后直到下一信号获取时间(步骤10)为止停止此过程(步骤9)。
如果分组错误数目超过可视性阈值(步骤4)，控制器60命令均衡器34减小其系数步长(步骤5)。在预定延时之后(步骤6)，微控制器60查询FEC单元44以判定分组错误是否增加了(步骤7)。如果分组错误的数目增加了，控制器60使均衡器步长返回到默认步长(步骤8)。否则保持降低了的步长。然后直到下一次信号获取时间(步骤10)为止停止此过程(步骤9)。
可以设计此过程以适应特定系统的需求。比如，步骤7可判定分组错误的数目没有增加并保持不变，或者分组错误数目已减少。如果在步骤7中分组错误减少了，如果可行可能尝试另一次步长减小(也就是说没有达到最小步长限制)。如果在步骤7中分组错误保持没有改变，给定的系统可以采取使用较大或较小步长的预定规则。

Claims (5)

1.一种在处理包含有由包含数据分组的调制信号组成的代表图象的数据流的接收信号的系统中的信号处理方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
解调所述接收信号，以产生解调信号；
自适应均衡所述解调信号，以产生均衡信号；
对所述均衡信号进行错误检测，以检测所述均衡信号中的分组错误；和
在所述均衡步骤中滤波器系数步长值作为所述检测分组错误的函数而被调整。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
所述接收信号为包含由多级符号群代表的高清晰视频信息的残留边带调制信号，所述数据具有由连续数据帧构成的数据帧格式。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
所述错误检测步骤包括里德-所罗门错误检测和纠正所述均衡信号。
4.一种在处理包含有包括数据分组的代表图象的数据流的接收信号的系统中的信号均衡方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
a.以默认系数步长初始化均衡器；
b.判定分组错误数量；
c.如果判定的分组错误数量没有超过预定值，保持初始步长；
d.如果判定的分组错误数量超过预定值，减小初始步长；
e.在步骤d中减小系数步长之后，判定分组错误数量是否增加；
f.如果在步骤d中减小系数步长之后分组错误数量增加，返回到默认系数步长。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：
所述判定步骤包括判定与里德-所罗门FEC检测器的操作相关的分组错误数量。
CNB011017031A 2000-05-05 2001-01-20 自适应频道均衡器 Expired - Fee Related CN1224227C (zh)

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US09/566,159 2000-05-05
US09/566,159 US6490007B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2000-05-05 Adaptive channel equalizer

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CN1224227C true CN1224227C (zh) 2005-10-19

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EP1152602B1 (en) 2012-10-03
CN1323140A (zh) 2001-11-21
JPH06508805A (ja) 1994-10-06
KR20010100756A (ko) 2001-11-14
KR100666432B1 (ko) 2007-01-09
JP2001320304A (ja) 2001-11-16
JP4688299B2 (ja) 2011-05-25
US6490007B1 (en) 2002-12-03
MY126065A (en) 2006-09-29
EP1152602A3 (en) 2004-03-24
MXPA01000725A (es) 2002-08-06
EP1152602A2 (en) 2001-11-07

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