JP6457399B2 - 植物調節エレメントおよびその用途 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2012年12月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/739,720号の利益を主張し、その仮特許出願の全体は本明細書に参照により組み込まれる。
2013年12月17日に作成された、345KB(Microsoft Windows(登録商標)において測定)の「MONS323WOseq.txt」という名称のファイルに含まれる配列表は、電子提出により本明細書と共に出願され、本明細書に参照により組み込まれる。
配列番号:1、5、7、9、13、16、18、19、21、23、27、30、32、34、38、41、43、45、49、52、55、58、60、62、66、70、72、74、76、78、82、84、86、88、92、95、97、99、103、106、108、110、114、116、118、120、122、126、128、132、134、138、140、144、148、150および168は、イントロン配列に作動可能に5’連結されたリーダー配列に作動可能に5’連結されたプロモーター配列を含む調節性発現エレメント群(EXP)のDNA配列である。
本明細書で使用される場合、用語「DNA」または「DNA分子」とは、細胞起源または合成起源の二重鎖DNA分子、すなわち、デオキシリボヌクレオチド塩基の重合体を指す。本明細書で使用される場合、用語「DNA配列」とは、DNA分子のヌクレオチド配列を指す。本明細書で使用される命名法は、連邦規則集第37巻§1.822による、WIPO標準ST.25(1998)における表、付録2、表1および表3に記載される命名法に一致する。
プロモーター、リーダー、エンハンサー、イントロン、および転写終結領域(または3’UTR)等の調節エレメントは、生細胞における遺伝子の全体的な発現において不可欠の役割を果たす。本明細書で使用される用語「調節エレメント」は、遺伝子調節活性を有するDNA分子を指す。本明細書で使用される用語「遺伝子調節活性」は、例えば、作動可能に連結された転写可能なDNA分子の転写および/または翻訳に影響を与えることにより、作動可能に連結された転写可能なDNA分子の発現に影響を与える能力を指す。植物において機能するプロモーター、リーダー、エンハンサー、およびイントロン等の調節エレメントは、従って、遺伝子工学による植物の表現型の調節に有用である。
本明細書で使用される場合、用語「コンストラクト」は、あらゆる供給源に由来する、ゲノムの組込みまたは自律増殖が可能である、少なくとも1つのDNA分子が機能的に作動するように別のDNA分子に連結されている(すなわち、作動可能に連結されている)DNA分子を含む、プラスミド、コスミド、ウイルス、ファージ、または直鎖もしくは環状のDNAまたはRNA分子等の、あらゆる組換えDNA分子を意味する。本明細書で使用される場合、用語「ベクター」は、形質転換、すなわち、宿主細胞への異種のDNAまたはRNAの導入を目的として用いられ得る、あらゆるコンストラクトを意味する。コンストラクトは、典型的には、一つまたは複数の発現カセットを含む。本明細書で使用される場合、「発現カセット」は、一つまたは複数の調節エレメント、典型的には少なくとも1つのプロモーターおよび3’UTRに作動可能に連結された少なくとも1つの転写可能なDNA分子を含むDNA分子を指す。
本明細書で使用される場合、用語「転写可能なDNA分子」は、タンパク質コード配列を有するDNA分子および遺伝子抑制に有用な配列を有するRNA分子を生み出すDNA分子を含むがこれらに限定されない、RNA分子に転写可能なあらゆるDNA分子を指す。DNA分子の種類には、限定はされないが、同一植物由来のDNA分子、別の植物由来のDNA分子、異なる生物由来のDNA分子、または遺伝子のアンチセンスメッセージを含有するDNA分子、もしくは人工、合成、もしくは他の改変型の導入遺伝子をコードするDNA分子等の合成DNA分子が含まれ得る。本発明のコンストラクト内への組込みのための例示的な転写可能なDNA分子には、例えば、DNA分子が組み込まれる種以外の種に由来するDNA分子もしくは遺伝子、または同一種に由来するもしくは同一種に存在するが、古典的な育種技術ではなく遺伝子工学的手法によって受容細胞に組み込まれる遺伝子が含まれる。
転写可能なDNA分子は、農学において重要な遺伝子であり得る。本明細書で使用される場合、用語「農学において重要な遺伝子」は、特定の植物組織、細胞、または細胞型で発現された場合に、所望の特徴を与える転写可能なDNA分子を指す。農学において重要な遺伝子の産物は、植物の形態、生理、成長、発生、収穫量、穀粒組成(grain composition)、栄養プロファイル、疾患もしくは病虫害抵抗性、および/もしくは環境もしくは薬剤耐性に対し影響を及ぼすために植物内で機能し得、または、植物を餌にする害虫の食事において殺害虫剤として機能し得る。本発明の一実施形態では、本発明の調節エレメントは、調節エレメントが農学において重要な遺伝子である転写可能なDNA分子に作動可能に連結されるように、コンストラクトに組み込まれる。そのようなコンストラクトを含有する遺伝子導入植物では、農学において重要な遺伝子の発現は、有益な農学的特性を与え得る。有益な農学的特性には、例えば、限定はされないが、除草剤抵抗性、昆虫防除、産生量改良、耐病性、病原体耐性、植物の成長および発生の改良、デンプン含量の改良、油分の改良、脂肪酸含量の改良、タンパク質含量の改良、果実熟成の改良、動物およびヒトの栄養増強、生体高分子の生産、環境ストレス耐性、医薬品ペプチド、加工品質の改良、風味の改良、雑種種子生産の有用性、繊維生産の改良、並びに望ましいバイオ燃料の生産が含まれ得る。
選択マーカー導入遺伝子を本発明の調節エレメントと共に用いてもよい。本明細書で使用される場合、用語「選択マーカー導入遺伝子」は、遺伝子導入植物、組織または細胞内でのその発現、またはその欠如が、いくつかの方法でスクリーニングまたはスコア化することができる、あらゆる転写可能なDNA分子を指す。本発明の実施において用いられる、選択マーカー遺伝子、並びにそれらの関連する選択およびスクリーニング技術は、当該技術分野において公知であり、例えば、限定はされないが、β−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)、緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)、抗生物質耐性を付与するタンパク質、および除草剤抵抗性を付与するタンパク質をコードする転写可能なDNA分子が挙げられる。
本発明はまた、転写可能なDNA分子に作動可能に連結された一つまたは複数の調節エレメントを含む形質転換細胞および形質転換植物を作製する方法に関する。
調節エレメントの同定およびクローニング
新規のユビキチン調節エレメント、または調節性発現エレメント群(EXP)配列を、単子葉類のコヌカグサ(カスミヌカボ(Agrostis nebulosa))、ダンチク(giant reed)(ダンチク(Arundo donax))、ブルーグラマ(メダカソウ(Bouteloua gracilis))、チャイニーズ・ブルーグラス(Chinese silvergrass)(ススキ(Miscanthus sinesis))、リトル・ブルーステム(Little bluestem)(スキザクリウム・スコパリウム(Schizachyium scoparium))、イエロー・インディアングラス(Yellow Indiangrass)(ソルガストラム・ヌタンス(Sorghastrum nutans))およびジュズダマ属(ジュズダマ・ハトムギ(Coix lacryma−jobi))のゲノムDNAから同定および単離した。
GUS発現カセット単位複製配列を用いたトウモロコシプロトプラストにおける調節エレメント駆動性GUSの解析
以下に示される一連の実験において、トウモロコシの葉のプロトプラストを、EXP配列を含有する植物発現ベクターに由来し、β−グルクロニダーゼ導入遺伝子(GUS)の発現を駆動するDNA単位複製配列で形質転換し、GUSの発現が公知の構成的プロモーターによって駆動される葉のプロトプラストに対して比較した。
GUS発現カセット単位複製配列を用いた、コムギプロトプラストにおけるGUSを駆動する調節エレメントの解析
コムギの葉のプロトプラストを、GUS導入遺伝子の発現を駆動するEXP配列を含有する植物発現ベクターに由来するDNA単位複製配列で形質転換し、既知の構成的プロモーターによりGUSの発現が駆動される葉のプロトプラストと比較した。
トウモロコシおよびコムギのプロトプラストにおけるGUSを駆動する調節エレメントの解析
トウモロコシおよびコムギの葉のプロトプラストを、β−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)導入遺伝子の発現を駆動するEXP配列を含有する植物発現ベクターで形質転換し、GUSの発現が既知の構成的プロモーターによって駆動される葉のプロトプラストにおけるGUS発現と比較した。
遺伝子導入型トウモロコシにおけるGUSを駆動する調節エレメントの解析
トウモロコシ植物を、GUS導入遺伝子の発現を駆動するEXP配列を含有する植物発現ベクターで形質転換し、得られた植物をGUSタンパク質発現について解析した。ユビキチンEXP配列を、当該技術分野において公知の方法を用いて植物バイナリー形質転換プラスミドコンストラクトにクローニングした。
調節エレメント由来のエンハンサー
エンハンサーは、配列番号:2、6、8、10、14、17、22、24、28、31、33、35、39、42、44、46、50、53、56、61、63、67、71、73、75、77、79、83、85、87、89、93、96、98および169として提供されるプロモーター等の、本明細書で提供されるプロモーターエレメントに由来する。エンハンサーエレメントは、プロモーターエレメントに作動可能に5’もしくは3’連結された場合、またはプロモーターに作動可能に連結されたさらなるエンハンサーエレメントに作動可能に5’もしくは3’連結された場合に、導入遺伝子の発現を強化もしくは調節できる、または、特定の細胞型もしくは植物器官においてもしくは発生もしくは概日リズムにおける特定の時点で導入遺伝子の発現を提供できる、一つまたは複数のシス調節エレメントから構成され得る。エンハンサーは、上記の通り本明細書で提供されるプロモーターからの転写開始を可能にするプロモーターから、TATAボックスまたは機能的に類似したエレメントおよびあらゆる下流DNA配列を取り除いたものであり、TATAボックスまたは機能的に類似したエレメントおよびTATAボックスの下流のDNA配列が取り除かれたその断片を含む。
植物由来プロトプラストを用いたGUS活性のイントロン増強の解析
導入遺伝子の最適な発現のためのベクタートランスファーDNA(T−DNA)エレメント配置内でのイントロンおよび立体配置を実験的に選択するための、実験法、および無イントロン発現ベクター対照との比較に基づいて、イントロンを選択する。例えば、グリフォセートに対する耐性を付与するCP4等の除草剤耐性遺伝子の発現では、除草剤を施用する際に収穫量の減少を防ぐために、生殖組織および栄養組織内で導入遺伝子が発現されることが望ましい。この例におけるイントロンは、構成的プロモーターに作動可能に連結された場合に、特に遺伝子導入植物の生殖細胞および生殖組織内で、除草剤抵抗性を付与する導入遺伝子の発現を増強し、それにより、除草剤を散布された際に、遺伝子導入植物に栄養性耐性および生殖性耐性の両方を与えるその能力に基づいて、選択されるであろう。ほとんどのユビキチン遺伝子において、5’UTRは、イントロン配列が埋め込まれたリーダーを含む。そのため、そのような遺伝子に由来する調節エレメントは、プロモーター、リーダー、およびイントロンを含む完全5’UTRを用いてアッセイされる。様々な発現プロファイルを達成するため、または導入遺伝子の発現レベルを調節するため、そのような調節エレメントに由来するイントロンを、除去する、または異種のイントロンと置換することができる。
Claims (15)
- 組換えDNA分子であって、
a)配列番号1〜8のいずれかに対し少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するDNA配列を含み、かつ、遺伝子調節活性を有する組換えDNA分子;および
b)配列番号1〜8のいずれかを含むDNA配列を含む組換えDNA分子;
からなる群から選択され;
前記DNA配列が異種性の転写可能なDNA分子に作動可能に連結されている、
組換えDNA分子。 - 前記DNA配列が配列番号1〜8のいずれかのDNA配列に対し少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、遺伝子調節活性を有する、請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 前記DNA配列が配列番号1〜8のいずれかのDNA配列に対し少なくとも95%の配列同一性を有し、かつ、遺伝子調節活性を有する、請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 前記異種性の転写可能なDNA分子が農学において重要な遺伝子である、請求項1に記載のDNA分子。
- 前記農学において重要な遺伝子が植物において除草剤抵抗性を付与する、請求項4に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 前記農学において重要な遺伝子が植物において病虫害抵抗性を付与する、請求項4に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子を含む、コンストラクト。
- 遺伝子導入植物細胞であって、
a)配列番号1〜8のいずれかに対し少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するDNA配列を含み、かつ、遺伝子調節活性を有する組換えDNA分子;および
b)配列番号1〜8のいずれかを含むDNA配列を含む組換えDNA分子;
からなる群から選択される組換えDNA分子を含み;
前記DNA配列が異種性の転写可能なDNA分子に作動可能に連結されている、
遺伝子導入植物細胞。 - 前記遺伝子導入植物細胞が単子葉の植物細胞である、請求項8に記載の遺伝子導入植物細胞。
- 前記遺伝子導入植物細胞が双子葉の植物細胞である、請求項8に記載の遺伝子導入植物細胞。
- 遺伝子導入植物、またはその部位であって、
a)配列番号1〜8のいずれかに対し少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するDNA配列を含み、かつ、遺伝子調節活性を有する組換えDNA分子;および
b)配列番号1〜8のいずれかを含むDNA配列を含む組換えDNA分子;
からなる群から選択される組換えDNA分子を含み;
前記DNA配列が異種性の転写可能なDNA分子に作動可能に連結されている、
遺伝子導入植物、またはその部位。 - 子孫植物が前記組換えDNA分子を含む、請求項11に記載の遺伝子導入植物の子孫植物。
- 種子が前記組換えDNA分子を含む、請求項11に記載の遺伝子導入植物の遺伝子導入種子。
- 転写可能なDNA分子を発現させる方法であって、
転写可能なDNA分子が発現される、請求項11に記載の遺伝子導入植物を得て、前記植物を栽培することを含む、
方法。 - 遺伝子導入植物を作製する方法であって、
a)植物細胞を請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子で形質転換して形質転換植物細胞を作製すること;および
b)形質転換植物細胞から遺伝子導入植物を再生すること
を含む、方法。
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