JP2020521278A - 二次電池用分離膜およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用分離膜およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020521278A JP2020521278A JP2019563516A JP2019563516A JP2020521278A JP 2020521278 A JP2020521278 A JP 2020521278A JP 2019563516 A JP2019563516 A JP 2019563516A JP 2019563516 A JP2019563516 A JP 2019563516A JP 2020521278 A JP2020521278 A JP 2020521278A
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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Abstract
Description
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立して水素またはメチル基であり、
前記化学式2において、
Mは、アルカリ金属である。
前記アルカリ金属は、例えばリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウムまたはセシウムであり得る。
R4は、水素またはC1〜C3アルキル基であり、
L1は、−C(=O)−、−C(=O)O−、−OC(=O)−、−O−または−C(=O)NH−であり、
xは、0〜2の整数であり、
L2は、置換または非置換されたC1〜C10アルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC3〜C20シクロアルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC6〜C20アリーレン基または置換または非置換されたC3〜C20ヘテロ環基であり、
yは、0〜2の整数である。
R5、R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立して水素またはC1〜C3アルキル基であり、
L3、L5およびL7は、それぞれ独立して−C(=O)−、−C(=O)O−、−OC(=O)−、−O−または−C(=O)NH−であり、
L4、L6およびL8は、それぞれ独立して置換または非置換されたC1〜C10アルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC3〜C20シクロアルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC6〜C20アリーレン基または置換または非置換されたC3〜C20ヘテロ環基であり、
a、b、c、d、eおよびfは、それぞれ独立して0〜2の整数であり、
前記化学式6において、
M’は、アルカリ金属である。
L3、L5およびL7は、それぞれ独立して−C(=O)NH−であり、
L4、L6およびL8は、それぞれ独立してC1〜C10アルキレン基であり、
a、b、c、d、eおよびfは、1の整数であり得る。
R11およびR12は、それぞれ独立して水素またはメチル基であり、
R13およびR14は、それぞれ独立して水素またはC1〜C3アルキル基であり、
L1およびL5は、それぞれ独立して−C(=O)−、−C(=O)O−、−OC(=O)−、−O−または−C(=O)NH−であり、
L2およびL6は、それぞれ独立して置換または非置換されたC1〜C10アルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC3〜C20シクロアルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC6〜C20アリーレン基または置換または非置換されたC3〜C20ヘテロ環基であり、
x、y、cおよびdは、それぞれ独立して0〜2の整数であり、
Mは、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウムまたはセシウムなどのアルカリ金属であり、
k、l、mおよびnは、各構造単位のモル比を意味する。
k+l+m+n=1であり得る。
x=y=0であり、L5は−C(=O)NH−であり、L6はC1〜C10アルキレン基であり、c=d=1であり得る。
M1は、アルカリ金属である。
合成例1−1
攪拌機、温度計および冷却管を備えた3Lの4口フラスコ内に、蒸溜水(968g)とアクリル酸(45.00g、0.62mol)、過硫酸アンモニウム(0.54g、2.39mmol、単量体に対して1500ppm投入)、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(5.00g、0.02mol)および5N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(アクリル酸と2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸の総量に対して0.8当量)を加えた後、ダイアフラムポンプで内圧を10mmHgに減圧し、窒素で内圧を常圧に戻す操作を3回繰り返した後、アクリロニトリル(50.00g、0.94mol)を添加する。
反応液の温度が65℃〜70℃の間で安定するように制御しながら18時間反応させ、過硫酸アンモニウム(0.23g、1.00mmol、単量体に対して630ppm投入)を2次投入した後、温度を80℃に上昇させて再び4時間反応させる。室温に冷却した後、25%アンモニア水溶液を用いて反応液のpHを7〜8に調整する。
アクリル酸(40g、0.56mol)、アクリロニトリル(50g、0.94mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(10g、0.05mol)を使用したことを除いては前記合成例1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、36:61:3である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
アクリル酸(35g、0.49mol)、アクリロニトリル(50g、0.94mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(15g、0.07mol)を使用したことを除いては前記合成例1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、32:63:5である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
アクリル酸(30g、0.42mol)、アクリロニトリル(50g、0.94mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(20g、0.10mol)を使用したことを除いては前記合成例1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、およびアクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、28:65:7である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
アクリル酸(32g、0.49mol)、アクリロニトリル(60g、1.13mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(5g、0.02mol)を使用したことを除いては前記合成例1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、30:69:1である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
アクリル酸(30g、0.42mol)、アクリロニトリル(60g、1.13mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(10g、0.05mol)を使用したことを除いては前記合成例1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、26:71:3である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
アクリル酸(25g、0.35mol)、アクリロニトリル(60g、1.13mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(15g、0.07mol)を使用したことを除いては前記合成例1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、22:73:5である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
アクリル酸(20g、0.28mol)、アクリロニトリル(60g、1.13mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(20g、0.10mol)を使用したことを除いては前記合成例1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸、アクリロニトリル、および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、18:75:7である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
攪拌機、温度計および冷却管を備えた3Lの4口フラスコ内に、蒸溜水(1000g)とアクリル酸(36.03g、0.50mol)、過硫酸アンモニウム(0.54g、2.49mmol、単量体に対して500ppm投入)、ビニルアセテート(172.18g、2.00mol)および陰イオン乳化剤であるDowfax2A1(2g)を加えた後、反応器の内部に窒素を満たす。
反応液の温度が65℃〜70℃の間で安定するように制御しながら12時間反応させる。反応液を室温に冷却した後、凝集剤を入れて固体を得た。
攪拌機、温度計および冷却管を備えた3Lの4口フラスコ内に、得られた固体をメタノール(2L)に溶解させた後、前記溶液に水酸化ナトリウム(100g、2.5mol)を加えた後、反応器の内部に窒素を満たす。
反応液の温度が40℃〜45℃の間で安定するように制御しながら2時間反応させる。析出された固体をフィルタし、メタノールで5回洗浄して190gの固体を収得した。
アクリル酸(50g、0.69mol)およびアクリロニトリル(50g、0.94mol)を使用し、2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸を使用しなかったことを除いては前記合成例1−1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸およびアクリロニトリルのモル比は42:58である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
アクリル酸(50g、0.69mol)および2−アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸(50g、0.24mol)を使用し、アクリロニトリルを使用しなかったことを除いては前記合成例1−1と同様の方法によりアクリル系共重合体を製造した。アクリル酸およびアクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸のモル比は、74:26である。反応液の不揮発成分は、9.0重量%(理論値:10%)であった。
合成例1−1で製造したアクリル系耐熱バインダー(蒸溜水で10重量%)と合成例2で製造した結着バインダー(重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、ガラス転移温度300℃以上)が9:1の質量比で混合されたバインダーとベーマイト(Nabaltec社AOH60,平均粒径600nm)を1:30の質量比で水溶媒に投入した後、ビーズミルを用いて25℃で30分間ミーリングし、全体固形分が20重量%になるように水を添加して耐熱層形成用組成物を製造した。これを12.5μm厚さのポリエチレン多孔性基材(SK社、通気度:113sec/100cc、突刺強度:360kgf)の両面にダイコーティング方式でそれぞれ3μmの厚さでコートした後、70℃で10分間乾燥して二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1で製造したアクリル系耐熱バインダー(蒸溜水で10重量%)と合成例2で製造した結着バインダーを7:3の重量比で投入したことを除いては実施例1と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1で製造したアクリル系耐熱バインダー(蒸溜水で10重量%)と合成例2で製造した結着バインダー(重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、ガラス転移温度300℃以上)を5:5の重量比で投入したことを除いては実施例1と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1で製造したアクリル系耐熱バインダー(蒸溜水で10重量%)と合成例2で製造した結着バインダー(重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、ガラス転移温度300℃以上)を3:7の割合で投入したことを除いては実施例1と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1で製造したアクリル系耐熱バインダー(蒸溜水で10重量%)と合成例2で製造した結着バインダー(重量平均分子量300,000g/mol、ガラス転移温度300℃以上)を1:9の重量比で投入したことを除いては実施例1と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに合成例1−2のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに合成例1−3のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに合成例1−4のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに合成例1−5のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに合成例1−6のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに合成例1−7のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに合成例1−8のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1で製造したアクリル系高分子(蒸溜水で10重量%)およびベーマイト(Nabaltec社AOH60,平均粒径600nm)を1:30の質量比で水溶媒に投入した後、ビーズミルを用いて25℃で30分間ミーリングし、全体固形分が20重量%になるように水を添加して耐熱層形成用組成物を製造した。これを12.5μm厚さのポリエチレン多孔性基材(SK社、通気度:113sec/100cc、突刺強度:360kgf)の断面にダイコーティング方式で3μmの厚さでコートした後、70℃で10分間乾燥して二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに比較合成例1のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
合成例1−1のアクリル系高分子の代わりに比較合成例2のアクリル系高分子を使用したことを除いては実施例2と同様の方法により二次電池用分離膜を製造した。
実施例1〜実施例12および比較例1〜比較例3の二次電池用分離膜に対し、通気度測定装置(旭精工社、EG01−55−1MR)を用いて100ccの空気が透過するのにかかる時間(秒)を測定し、その結果を下記表1に記載した。
実施例1〜実施例12および比較例1〜比較例3の二次電池用分離膜をそれぞれ8cm×8cmの大きさで切り出してサンプルを準備する。前記サンプルの表面に5cm×5cm大きさの四角形を描いた後紙またはアルミナ粉の間に挟んで、オーブンで150℃で1時間放置した後サンプルを取り出して描いておいた四角形の辺のサイズを測定して横方向(MD)と縦方向(TD)それぞれの収縮率を計算する。その結果を下記表1に示した。
実施例1〜12および比較例1〜比較例3の二次電池用分離膜をそれぞれ5cm×5cmで切り出して、それぞれの分離膜の中央に4cm×4cmの穴を開けた段ボールの上にポリイミドフィルムでセパレーターを付着した後、200℃、230℃、250℃に加熱したオーブンに入れた。10分後、オーブンからセパレーターを取り出して破断の有無を確認し、破断した場合O、破断していない場合はXで評価した後、その結果を下記表2に示した。
20・・・多孔性基材
30・・・耐熱層
40・・・正極
50・・・負極
60・・・電極組立体
70・・・ケース
Claims (16)
- 多孔性基材および前記多孔性基材の少なくとも一面に位置する耐熱層を含み、
前記耐熱層は、アクリル系耐熱バインダー、結着バインダー、およびフィラーを含み、
前記アクリル系耐熱バインダーは、(メタ)アクリレートまたは(メタ)アクリル酸から誘導される構造単位、シアノ基含有構造単位およびスルホネート基含有構造単位を含み、
前記結着バインダーは、ヒドロキシ基を含む構造単位、アセテート基を含む構造単位、およびアルカリ金属を含む構造単位を含むものである、二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記スルホネート基含有構造単位は、下記化学式5、化学式6、化学式7またはこれらの組み合わせで表される、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜:
R5、R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立して水素またはC1〜C3アルキル基であり、
L3、L5およびL7は、それぞれ独立して−C(=O)−、−C(=O)O−、−OC(=O)−、−O−または−C(=O)NH−であり、
L4、L6およびL8は、それぞれ独立して置換または非置換されたC1〜C10アルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC3〜C20シクロアルキレン基、置換または非置換されたC6〜C20アリーレン基または置換または非置換されたC3〜C20ヘテロ環基であり、
a、b、c、d、eおよびfは、それぞれ独立して0〜2の整数であり、
前記化学式6において、
M’は、アルカリ金属である。 - 前記アクリル系耐熱バインダーは、
前記(メタ)アクリレートまたは(メタ)アクリル酸から誘導される構造単位10モル%〜70モル%;
前記シアノ基含有構造単位30モル%〜85モル%;および
前記スルホネート基含有構造単位0.1モル%〜20モル%
を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。 - 前記アクリル系耐熱バインダーの重量平均分子量は、200,000g/mol〜700,000g/molである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記アクリル系耐熱バインダーのガラス転移温度は、200℃〜280℃である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記アクリル系耐熱バインダーは、アルカリ金属をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記ヒドロキシ基を含む構造単位は、ポリビニルアルコールまたはポリビニルアルコールから誘導される誘導体に由来する構造単位である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記アセテート基を含む構造単位は、ポリビニルアセテートまたはポリビニルアセテートから誘導される誘導体に由来する構造単位である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記アルカリ金属を含む構造単位は、(メタ)アクリル酸塩または(メタ)アクリル酸塩から誘導される誘導体にアルカリ金属が結合されたものに由来する構造単位である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- o:p:qのモル比は、89:1:10〜84:1:15である、請求項12に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記結着バインダーの重量平均分子量は、50,000g/mol〜1,000,000g/molである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 前記アクリル系耐熱バインダーおよび前記結着バインダーは、2:8〜8:2の重量比で含まれる、請求項1に記載の二次電池用分離膜。
- 正極、
負極および
前記正極と前記負極との間に位置する請求項1ないし15のいずれか一項による二次電池用分離膜を含むリチウム二次電池。
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