JP2005235734A - 電池およびその充放電方法、並びにその充放電制御素子 - Google Patents
電池およびその充放電方法、並びにその充放電制御素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005235734A JP2005235734A JP2004347294A JP2004347294A JP2005235734A JP 2005235734 A JP2005235734 A JP 2005235734A JP 2004347294 A JP2004347294 A JP 2004347294A JP 2004347294 A JP2004347294 A JP 2004347294A JP 2005235734 A JP2005235734 A JP 2005235734A
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- battery
- charge
- discharge
- lithium
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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Abstract
【解決手段】 負極活物質層14BはLiと合金を形成可能なSiの単体および合金からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含んでいる。正極12および負極14は、例えば正極活物質と負極活物質との割合を調節することにより、充電時における負極14のLi/Siモル比が4.0以下、あるいは対Li電位が0.04V以上となるように構成されている。また、放電時における負極14のLi/Siモル比が0.4以上、あるいは対Li電位が1.4V以下となるように構成されている。
【選択図】 図1
Description
図1に示した直径20mm、厚み16mmのコイン型の二次電池を作製した。正極12は、次のようにして作製した。まず、炭酸リチウム(LiCO3 )と炭酸コバルト(CoCO3 )とをLiCO3 :CoCO3 =0.5:1のモル比で混合し、空気中において900℃で5時間焼成して、正極活物質であるコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2 )を得た。次いで、このコバルト酸リチウムと、導電材であるグラファイトと、バインダーであるポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、コバルト酸リチウム:グラファイト:ポリフッ化ビニリデン=91:6:3の質量比で混合し合剤を調製した。続いて、この合剤を分散媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて合剤スラリーとし、厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔よりなる正極集電体12Aに塗布して乾燥させ、加圧して正極活物質層12Bを形成したのち、直径15mmの円形状に打ち抜いた。
電解液の組成を変化させたことを除き、他は実施例1−5または実施例1−6と同様にして二次電池を作製した。電解液には、実施例1−1〜1−6で用いた電解液、すなわち炭酸エチレンと炭酸ジメチルとを1:1の質量比で混合しLiPF6 を1mol/lの濃度で溶解させたものに、さらに1,3−ジオキソール−2−オン(VC)または4−ビニル−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン(VEC)を添加したものを用いた。その際、実施例2−1〜2−3で電解液におけるそれらの含有量を表2,3に示したように変化させた。
電解液の組成を変化させたことを除き、他は実施例1−1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。電解液には、炭酸エチレン(EC)、4−フルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン(FEC)、炭酸ジメチル(DMC)、炭酸ジエチル(DEC)または1,3−ジオキソール−2−オン(VC)を表4に示した質量比で混合し、LiPF6 を1mol/lの濃度で溶解させたものを用いた。
電解液の組成を変化させたことを除き、他は実施例1−1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。電解液は、実施例4−2〜4−6と同一の溶媒を用い、表5に示したようにリチウム塩の種類を変えた。実施例4−1〜4−8についても、実施例1−1と同様にして充放電試験を行い、100サイクル目の容量維持率を求めると共に、上述した条件で充電した後および放電した後における負極14のLi/Si比および対Li電位を測定した。得られた結果を実施例4−2〜4−6の結果と合わせて表5に示す。なお、表5には示さないが、充電終了時および放電終了時における負極14のLi/Si比および対Li電位は、各実施例とも実施例1−1と同様であった。
実施例5−1,5−2では、負極14を焼成法により作製したことを除き、他は実施例1−1〜1−6と同様にして二次電池を作製した。負極14は次のようにして作製した。まず、負極活物質である平均粒径1μmのケイ素粉末90質量%と、バインダーであるポリフッ化ビニリデン10質量%とを混合して合剤を調製し、これを分散媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて合剤スラリーとした。続いて、この合剤スラリーを厚さ18μmの電解銅箔よりなる負極集電体14Aに塗布し、乾燥させ加圧したのち、真空雰囲気下において400℃で12時間熱処理し、負極活物質層14Bを形成した。
負極14を塗布法により形成したことを除き、他は実施例1−1〜1−6と同様にして二次電池を作製した。負極14は次のようにして作製した。まず、負極活物質である平均粒径1μmのケイ素粉末80質量%と、バインダーであるポリフッ化ビニリデン10質量%と、導電材である鱗片状天然黒鉛10質量%とを混合して合剤を調製し、これを分散媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて合剤スラリーとした。次いで、この合剤スラリーを厚さ18μmの電解銅箔よりなる負極集電体14Aに塗布し、乾燥させ加圧したのち、真空雰囲気下において100℃で5時間乾燥させて負極活物質層14Bを形成した。また、実施例6−1に対する比較例6−1として、負極活物質に対する正極活物質のモル比を変化させたことを除き、他は実施例6−1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
負極活物質層14Bの組成を表10に示したように変えたことを除き、他は実施例1−1〜1−6と同様にして二次電池を作製した。具体的には、実施例7−1ではSiW、実施例7−2ではSi4 Cu、実施例7−3ではSi0.99B0.01とし、いずれも蒸着法により負極活物質層14Bを形成した。これらはモル比である。
図2および図3に示した巻回型の二次電池を作製した。まず、正極31を実施例1−1〜1−5と同様にして作製し、負極32を電解銅箔よりなる負極集電体32Aに電子ビーム蒸着によりケイ素よりなる厚み3μmの負極活物質層32Bを形成することにより作製した。次いで、γ−ブチロラクトン(γ−BL)40質量%と、炭酸エチレン(EC)40質量%と、1,3−ジオキソール−2−オン(VC)5質量%と、LiPF6 15質量%とからなる電解液30質量%に、重量平均分子量60万のブロック共重合であるポリフッ化ビニリデン10質量%と、高分子材料の溶剤である炭酸ジメチル60質量%とを混合して溶解させた前駆体溶液を作製したのち、これを正極31および負極32にそれぞれ塗布し、常温で8時間放置して炭酸ジメチルを揮発させることにより電解質層34を形成した。
電解液の組成を変化させたことを除き、他は実施例8−1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。電解液には、炭酸エチレン(EC)、4−フルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン(FEC)または1,3−ジオキソール−2−オン(VC)を表12に示した質量比で混合し、リチウム塩を1mol/lの濃度で溶解させたものを用いた。リチウム塩の種類は表12に示したように変化させた。
Claims (18)
- 構成元素としてケイ素(Si)を含みリチウム(Li)を吸蔵および放出可能な負極と、リチウムを吸蔵および放出可能な正極と、電解質とを備えた電池であって、
前記負極におけるリチウム原子のケイ素原子に対するモル比(Li/Si)は4.0以下であることを特徴とする電池。 - 前記負極におけるリチウム原子のケイ素原子に対するモル比(Li/Si)は0.4以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記負極は、負極集電体と、この負極集電体に設けられ、構成元素としてケイ素を含み界面の少なくとも一部において負極集電体と合金化している負極活物質層とを有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記負極は、負極集電体と、この負極集電体に気相法,液相法および焼成法からなる群のうちの少なくとも1つの方法により形成された構成元素としてケイ素を含む負極活物質層とを有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルおよびハロゲン原子を有する炭酸エステルの誘導体のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池。
- 構成元素としてケイ素(Si)を含みリチウム(Li)を吸蔵および放出可能な負極と、リチウムを吸蔵および放出可能な正極と、電解質とを備えた電池であって、
前記負極の電位は、リチウム金属を基準電位として、0.04V以上であることを特徴とする電池。 - 前記負極の電位は、リチウム金属を基準電位として、1.4V以下であることを特徴とする請求項6記載の電池。
- 前記負極は、負極集電体と、この負極集電体に設けられ、構成元素としてケイ素を含み界面の少なくとも一部において負極集電体と合金化している負極活物質層とを有することを特徴とする請求項6記載の電池。
- 前記負極は、負極集電体と、この負極集電体に気相法,液相法および焼成法からなる群のうちの少なくとも1つの方法により形成された構成元素としてケイ素を含む負極活物質層とを有することを特徴とする請求項6記載の電池。
- 前記電解質は、不飽和結合を有する環状炭酸エステルおよびハロゲン原子を有する炭酸エステルの誘導体のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項6記載の電池。
- 構成元素としてケイ素(Si)を含みリチウム(Li)を吸蔵および放出可能な負極を備えた電池の充放電方法であって、
充電時に、負極におけるリチウム原子のケイ素原子に対するモル比(Li/Si)を4.0以下とすることを特徴とする電池の充放電方法。 - 放電時に、負極におけるリチウム原子のケイ素原子に対するモル比(Li/Si)を0.4以上とすることを特徴とする請求項11記載の電池の充放電方法。
- 構成元素としてケイ素(Si)を含みリチウム(Li)を吸蔵および放出可能な負極を備えた電池の充放電方法であって、
充電時における負極の電位を、リチウム金属を基準電位として、0.04V以上とすることを特徴とする電池の充放電方法。 - 放電時における負極の電位を、リチウム金属を基準電位として、1.4V以下とすることを特徴とする請求項13記載の電池の充放電方法。
- 構成元素としてケイ素(Si)を含みリチウム(Li)を吸蔵および放出可能な負極を備えた電池の充放電制御素子であって、
充電時に、負極におけるリチウム原子のケイ素原子に対するモル比(Li/Si)を4.0以下に制御する充電制御部を備えたことを特徴とする電池の充放電制御素子。 - 放電時に、負極におけるリチウム原子のケイ素原子に対するモル比(Li/Si)を0.4以上に制御する放電制御部を備えたことを特徴とする請求項15記載の電池の充放電制御素子。
- 構成元素としてケイ素(Si)を含みリチウム(Li)を吸蔵および放出可能な負極を備えた電池の充放電制御素子であって、
充電時における負極の電位を、リチウム金属を基準電位として、0.04V以上に制御する充電制御部を備えたことを特徴とする電池の充放電制御素子。 - 放電時における負極の電位を、リチウム金属を基準電位として、1.4V以下に制御する放電制御部を備えたことを特徴とする請求項17記載の電池の充放電制御素子。
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Cited By (28)
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WO2006030681A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | 非水電解液二次電池及び非水電解液 |
WO2006088002A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-24 | Sony Corporation | 電解液および電池 |
JP2007095380A (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-12 | Sony Corp | 電池 |
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TWI268006B (en) | 2006-12-01 |
US20100194347A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
TW200536164A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
KR20050076688A (ko) | 2005-07-26 |
CN102723460B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
US9029021B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
JP4843936B2 (ja) | 2011-12-21 |
US20050214646A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
CN102723460A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
KR101186713B1 (ko) | 2012-09-27 |
CN1645664A (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
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