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CN115192316B - 用于制备具有弹性股线的弹性体层合物的方法 - Google Patents

用于制备具有弹性股线的弹性体层合物的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115192316B
CN115192316B CN202210637184.7A CN202210637184A CN115192316B CN 115192316 B CN115192316 B CN 115192316B CN 202210637184 A CN202210637184 A CN 202210637184A CN 115192316 B CN115192316 B CN 115192316B
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China
Prior art keywords
elastic strands
substrate
elastic
cross
strands
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CN202210637184.7A
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CN115192316A (zh
Inventor
U.施耐德
J.A.埃克斯坦
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to CN202210637184.7A priority Critical patent/CN115192316B/zh
Publication of CN115192316A publication Critical patent/CN115192316A/zh
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Abstract

本公开涉及用于制备可用作吸收制品的部件的弹性体层合物的方法。具体地,离散的机械粘结件被施加到第一基底和第二基底以在第一基底与第二基底之间固定弹性股线,其中离散的粘结件沿纵向间歇地布置。在粘结过程期间,热和压力被施加到第一基底和第二基底,使得第一基底和第二基底的可延展材料变形以完全围绕离散长度的拉伸的弹性股线的外周边。在从第一基底和第二基底移除热和压力之后,可延展材料硬化以限定与由拉伸的弹性股线的外周边限定的横截面形状一致的粘结件。

Description

用于制备具有弹性股线的弹性体层合物的方法
本申请是申请日为2017年12月06日、申请号为201780073590.2(国际申请号为PCT/US2017/064896)、发明名称为“用于制备具有弹性股线的弹性体层合物的方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本公开涉及用于制造吸收制品的方法,并且更具体地涉及用于制备可用作吸收制品的部件的弹性体层合物的设备和方法。
背景技术
可通过沿装配线将部件添加到推进的连续材料纤维网和/或以其它方式改变推进的连续材料纤维网来装配各种类型的制品,诸如例如尿布和其它吸收制品。例如,在一些工艺中,推进的材料纤维网与其它推进的材料纤维网组合。在其它示例中,由推进的材料纤维网产生的各个部件与推进的材料纤维网组合,继而与其它推进的材料纤维网组合。在一些情况下,由一个或多个推进的纤维网产生的各个部件与由其它推进的纤维网产生的其它各个部件组合。用于制造尿布的材料纤维网和组成部件可包括:底片、顶片、腿箍、腰带、吸收芯部件、前耳片和/或后耳片、紧固部件、以及各种类型的弹性纤维网和诸如腿弹性部件、阻隔腿箍弹性部件、拉伸侧片和腰弹性部件的部件。在将期望的组成部件装配之后,对一个或多个推进的纤维网和组成部件进行最终刀切以将一个或多个纤维网分离成离散的尿布或其它吸收制品。
一些吸收制品具有包括弹性体层合物的部件。此类弹性体层合物可包括粘结到一种或多种非织造布的弹性材料。弹性材料可包括弹性膜和/或弹性股线。在一些层合物中,将多根弹性股线在多根股线处于拉伸状态时接合到非织造布,使得当弹性股线松弛时,非织造布在其中非织造布粘结到弹性股线的位置之间聚拢并且继而形成波纹。所得弹性体层合物可拉伸至波纹允许弹性股线伸长的程度。
在一些装配过程中,拉伸的弹性股线可在纵向上推进并粘附在两个推进的基底之间,其中拉伸的弹性股线在横向上彼此间隔开。一些装配过程也被构造成具有在横向上彼此非常紧密地间隔开的几个弹性股线。在一些构型中,弹性股线之间的紧密的横向间距可通过从已在横向上堆叠在横梁上的绕组拉出弹性股线来实现。例如,各种纺织制造商可利用梁式弹性部件和相关联的处理设备,诸如购自Karl Mayer Corporation。然而,当拉出堆叠在横梁上的弹性股线时,在制造过程中可能会遇到问题。
例如,供应在横梁上的相对低分特弹性股线可包括用于帮助防止弹性股线粘附到自身、彼此粘附的涂层(有时称为纱线涂饰剂或纺丝涂饰剂)和/或下游处理设备。当构造吸收制品时,热熔性粘合剂通常用于将拉伸的弹性股线粘附到推进的基底以产生弹性层合物。然而,当构造吸收制品时用于将拉伸的弹性股线粘结到基底的热熔性粘合剂可能不能很好地粘附到具有纺丝涂饰剂的股线。这样,与没有纺丝涂饰剂的弹性股线以其它方式所需的相比,可能需要增加量的粘合剂以使拉伸的弹性股线充分地粘附到基底。继而,将弹性股线粘结到基底所需的相对较大量的粘合剂可对所得产品的各方面(诸如在成本、功能和美观方面)具有负面影响。
为了克服与粘合剂相关联的前述问题,一些装配过程可被构造成用热和压力施加机械粘结件,以将拉伸的弹性股线捕获在两个基底之间。此类机械粘结件可例如通过在超声波焊头与砧座之间推进基底和弹性股线来产生。然而,来自砧座和焊头的热和压力也可切断弹性股线。这样,凹槽可设置在焊头或砧座中以用于使弹性股线嵌套在该凹槽中并且保护弹性股线不受压力的作用并且防止通过粘结过程的切断,诸如美国专利6,291,039中所公开的。然而,将从横梁拉出的数百根弹性股线定位在超声波焊头和/或砧座上的嵌套凹槽中可增加装配过程的复杂性。
因此,有利的是提供用于通过在基底之间机械粘结弹性股线而不切断弹性股线和/或不需要必须将弹性股线引导到机械粘结装置中的指定嵌套凹槽中来生产弹性体层合物的方法和设备。
发明内容
在一种形式中,用于制备弹性体层合物的方法包括以下步骤:提供弹性股线,其中弹性股线限定处于未拉伸状态的第一横截面面积;拉伸弹性股线,其中拉伸的弹性股线限定小于第一横截面面积的第二横截面面积;推进第一基底和第二基底与第一基底和第二基底之间的拉伸的弹性股线;将热和压力施加到第一基底的第一区域和第二基底的第二区域,使得第一基底的可延展的第一材料和第二基底的可延展的第二材料变形以完全围绕拉伸的弹性股线的外周边,以及从第一基底的第一区域和第二基底的第二区域移除热和压力,以允许可延展的第一材料和可延展的第二材料硬化以形成与由拉伸的弹性股线的外周边限定的横截面形状一致的粘结件;以及通过从拉伸的弹性股线释放张力,在弹性股线的一部分与硬化的第一材料和第二材料之间施加摩擦锁定。
在另一种形式中,用于制备弹性体层合物的方法包括以下步骤:提供弹性股线,其中弹性股线限定处于未拉伸状态的第一横截面面积;拉伸弹性股线,其中拉伸的弹性股线限定小于第一横截面面积的第二横截面面积;推进第一基底和第二基底与第一基底和第二基底之间的拉伸的弹性股线;在包括可延展的第一材料和可延展的第二材料的粘结区域中将第一基底的第一材料和第二基底的第二材料一起压缩,其中离散长度的拉伸的弹性股线延伸穿过粘结区域,使得离散长度的拉伸的弹性股线的外周边完全由可延展的第一材料和可延展的第二材料围绕;允许可延展的第一材料和可延展的第二材料硬化并与由拉伸的弹性股线的外周边限定的横截面形状一致;以及通过从拉伸的弹性股线释放张力,在离散长度的弹性股线与硬化的第一材料和第二材料之间施加摩擦锁定。
在另一种形式中,用于制备弹性体层合物的方法包括以下步骤:将弹性股线定位在第一基底与第二基底之间,弹性股线包括外周边;加热第一基底的第一区域和第二基底的第二区域,使得第一基底的第一材料和第二基底的第二材料变得可延展;以及将压力一起施加到第一区域、第二区域和弹性股线,使得第一基底的可延展的第一材料和第二基底的可延展的第二材料变形以完全围绕弹性股线的外周边,以及从第一区域、第二区域和弹性股线移除压力以允许可延展的第一材料和可延展的第二材料以与由弹性股线的外周边限定的横截面形状一致的横截面形状硬化;以及通过从拉伸的弹性股线释放张力,在离散长度的拉伸的弹性股线与硬化的第一材料和第二材料之间施加摩擦锁定。
在另一种形式中,用于制备弹性体层合物的方法包括以下步骤:提供弹性股线,其中弹性股线限定处于未拉伸状态的第一横截面面积;拉伸弹性股线,其中拉伸的弹性股线限定小于第一横截面面积的第二横截面面积;提供包括第一表面和相对的第二表面的基底;将拉伸的弹性股线定位在基底的第一表面上;将基底的第一部分折叠到基底的第二部分上,其中拉伸的弹性股线定位在基底的第一部分与第二部分之间;将热和压力施加到第一部分的第一区域和第二部分的第二区域,使得基底的可延展材料变形以完全围绕拉伸的弹性股线的外周边,以及从第一区域和第二区域移除热和压力以允许可延展材料硬化以限定与由拉伸的弹性股线的外周边限定的横截面形状一致的横截面形状;以及通过从拉伸的弹性股线释放张力,在弹性股线的一部分与硬化的第一材料和第二材料之间施加摩擦锁定。
在另一种形式中,弹性层合物包括:包括第一材料的第一基底;包括第二材料的第二基底;定位在第一基底与第二基底之间的弹性股线,弹性股线包括长度和外周边;沿弹性股线的长度间歇地间隔开的离散的粘结区域,离散的粘结区域包括第一材料和第二材料,该第一材料和第二材料完全围绕弹性股线的外周边并与外周边一致以限定摩擦锁定。
附图说明
图1A为尿布裤的前透视图。
图1B为尿布裤的后透视图。
图2为处于平展未收缩状态的图1A和图1B所示的尿布裤在部分切除之后的平面图。
图3A为沿线3A-3A截取的图2的尿布裤的剖视图。
图3B为沿线3B-3B截取的图2的尿布裤的剖视图。
图4示出具有与芯轴芯部的相对端部部分连接的两个侧板的空横梁的示例。
图5为在第一基底与第二基底之间接合拉伸的弹性股线的转换加工设备的示意性侧视图。
图5A为被构造成具有砧座和超声波焊头的示例性粘结设备的详细视图。
图6为沿线6-6截取的图5的转换加工设备的视图。
图7A为粘结在第一基底与第二基底之间的处于拉伸状态的弹性股线的详细视图。
图7B示出具有第一横截面面积的处于松弛状态的一定长度的弹性股线。
图7C示出具有第二横截面面积的处于拉伸状态的图7B的一定长度的弹性股线,该第二横截面面积小于第一横截面面积。
图7D为粘结在第一基底与第二基底之间的处于松弛状态的弹性股线的详细视图。
图8A为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图。
图8B为沿线8B-8B截取的图7D的粘结区域中的弹性股线的剖视图,其中弹性股线处于松弛状态。
图8C为沿线8C-8C截取的图7D的未粘结区域中的弹性股线的剖视图,其中弹性股线处于松弛状态。
图9A为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图,其中弹性股线的多根长丝以第一构型粘结。
图9B为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图,其中弹性股线的多根长丝以第二构型粘结。
图9C为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图,其中弹性股线的多根长丝以第三构型粘结。
图9D为弹性股线的剖视图的扫描电镜(“SEM”)照片,该弹性股线包括在粘结区域中并且由硬化的第一材料和第二材料围绕的五根长丝。
图9E为弹性股线的剖视图的扫描电镜(“SEM”)照片,该弹性股线包括在粘结区域中并且由硬化的第一材料和第二材料围绕的五根长丝。
图9F为弹性股线的剖视图的扫描电镜(“SEM”)照片,该弹性股线包括在粘结区域中并且由硬化的第一材料和第二材料围绕的十五根长丝。
图10为在第一基底与第二基底之间接合弹性股线的转换加工设备的第二构型的示意性侧视图,其中从不同横梁拉出的弹性股线被拉伸以具有不同的伸长。
图11为沿线11-11截取的图10的转换加工设备的视图。
图12为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第三构型的示意性侧视图。
图13为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第四构型的示意性侧视图。
图14为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第五构型的示意性侧视图。
图15为沿线15-15截取的图14的转换加工设备的视图。
图16为沿线16-16截取的图14的转换加工设备的视图。
图17为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第六构型的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下术语解释可帮助理解本公开:
“吸收制品”在本文中用来指主要功能为吸收和保留污垢和废物的消费产品。吸收制品可包括卫生巾;棉塞;卫生护垫;阴唇间装置;伤口敷料;擦拭物;一次性尿布,包括胶粘尿布和尿布裤、用于具有可重复使用的外覆盖件的尿布的插入件、成人失禁尿布、成人失禁衬垫、和成人失禁裤。术语“一次性的”在本文中用来描述通常不打算洗涤或者以其它方式复原为或再用作吸收制品的吸收制品(例如,它们旨在在单次使用之后丢弃,并且也可被构造成可回收利用、堆肥处理或以与环境相容的其它方式进行弃置)。
“弹性的”、“弹性体”或“弹性体的”是指材料表现出弹性特性,它们包括以下任何材料,在向其松弛的初始长度施加力时该材料能够拉伸或伸长至比其初始长度超出10%的伸长长度,并且在释放所施加的力时将会基本上恢复回至约其初始长度。
如本文所用,术语“接合”包括其中通过将元件直接附连到另一元件而将元件直接固定到另一元件的构型,以及其中通过将元件附连到一个或多个中间构件(该中间构件继而附连到另一元件)而将元件间接固定到另一元件的构型。
术语“基底”在本文中用来描述主要为二维-(即在XY平面中)的材料,并且其厚度(在Z方向上)与其长度(在X方向上)和宽度(在Y方向上)相比相对较小(即1/10或更小)。基底的非限制性示例包括纤维网、一层或多层或纤维材料、非织造布、膜和箔诸如聚合物膜或金属箔。这些材料可单独使用或可包括层合在一起的两个或更多个层。这样,纤维网为基底。
术语“非织造布”在本文中是指通过诸如纺粘法、熔喷法、梳理成网等工艺由连续(长)丝(纤维)和/或不连续(短)丝(纤维)制成的材料。非织造布不具有织造长丝或编织长丝图案。
术语“纵向”(MD)在本文中用来指工艺过程中材料流的方向。此外,材料的相对放置和移动还可被描述为在纵向上从工艺上游至工艺下游流过工艺。
术语“横向”(CD)在本文中用来指大致垂直于纵向的方向。
术语“胶粘尿布”(也称为“打开式尿布”)是指以下一次性吸收制品,该吸收制品在应用到穿着者之前具有未紧固的、未预紧固的或在包装时未彼此连接的初始前腰区和初始后腰区。胶粘尿布可围绕侧向中心线折叠,其中一个腰区的内部以表面对表面方式与相对腰区的内部接触,而不将腰区紧固或接合在一起。示例性胶粘尿布以各种合适的构型公开于以下专利中:美国专利5,167,897、5,360,420、5,599,335、5,643,588、5,674,216、5,702,551、5,968,025、6,107,537、6,118,041、6,153,209、6,410,129、6,426,444、6,586,652、6,627,787、6,617,016、6,825,393、和6,861,571;以及美国专利公布2013/0072887A1;2013/0211356A1;和2013/0306226A1,这些专利均以引用方式并入本文。
术语“裤”(也称为“训练裤”、“预闭合尿布”、“尿布裤”、“裤型尿布”、和“套穿尿布”)在本文中是指被设计用于婴儿或成人穿着者的具有连续周边腰部开口和连续周边腿部开口的一次性吸收制品。裤可被构造成在制品应用到穿着者之前具有连续或闭合的腰部开口和至少一个连续的闭合腿部开口。裤可用各种技术预成形或预紧固,该技术包括但不限于使用任何可重复紧固的闭合构件和/或永久性闭合构件(例如缝合、热粘结、压力焊接、粘合剂、胶粘剂粘结、机械紧固件等)将制品的各部分接合在一起。裤可沿制品周围在腰区中的任何位置预成形(例如,侧边紧固的或接缝的、前腰紧固的或接缝的、后腰紧固的或接缝的)。呈各种构型的示例性尿布裤公开于以下专利中:美国专利4,940,464;5,092,861;5,246,433;5,569,234;5,897,545;5,957,908;6,120,487;6,120,489;7,569,039以及美国专利公布2003/0233082A1;2005/0107764A1、2012/0061016A1、2012/0061015A1;2013/0255861A1;2013/0255862A1;2013/0255863A1;2013/0255864A1;和2013/0255865A1,这些专利均以引用方式并入本文。
本公开涉及用于制造吸收制品的方法,并且具体地涉及用于制备可用作吸收制品的部件的弹性体层合物的方法。弹性体层合物可包括第一基底、第二基底、以及定位在第一基底与第二基底之间的弹性材料。在制备弹性体层合物的过程期间,弹性材料可在纵向上被推进并拉伸,并且可与在纵向上推进的第一基底和第二基底中的任一者或两者接合。根据本公开的方法和设备可被构造成具有卷绕到横梁上的多根弹性股线,并且其中一根或多根弹性股线可包括纺丝涂饰剂。在弹性体层合物的装配期间,横梁旋转以从横梁退绕弹性股线。弹性股线也可在沿纵向推进时被拉伸。离散的机械粘结件被施加到第一基底和第二基底以在第一基底与第二基底之间固定弹性股线,其中离散的粘结件沿纵向间歇地布置。如下文所更详述,当将具有相对低的分特值的弹性股线与基底组合以形成具有一定厚度范围的粘结部分时,可施加机械粘结件以将弹性股线固定在基底之间而不切断弹性股线并且不需要机械粘结装置中的嵌套凹槽。应当理解,各种类型的机械粘结装置(诸如例如加热或未加热的图案化辊和砧辊和/或超声波粘结装置)可与本文的设备和方法一起使用。
在粘结过程期间,热和压力被施加到第一基底和第二基底,使得第一基底和第二基底的可延展材料变形以完全围绕离散长度的拉伸的弹性股线的外周边。在从第一基底和第二基底移除热和压力之后,可延展材料硬化以限定与由拉伸的弹性股线的外周边限定的横截面形状一致的粘结件。当弹性股线处于拉伸状态时,拉伸的弹性股线限定小于处于松弛状态时的弹性股线的横截面面积的横截面面积。因此,当张力从弹性股线释放时,防止弹性股线的横截面面积通过第一基底和第二基底的硬化材料在粘结件中膨胀,这继而在弹性股线与硬化材料之间产生力。弹性股线与硬化材料之间的力增加弹性股线与硬化材料之间的摩擦。因此,通过从拉伸的弹性股线释放张力,摩擦锁定可在粘结区域中、在弹性股线与硬化材料之间产生。摩擦锁定将离散长度的弹性股线与第一基底和第二基底保持在粘结区域中的固定位置。
图1A、图1B和图2示出呈尿布裤100P形式的吸收制品100的示例,其可包括由根据本文所公开的设备和方法装配的弹性体层合物构成的部件。具体地,图1A和图1B示出处于预紧固构型的尿布裤100P的透视图,并且图2示出尿布裤100P的平面图,该尿布裤具有背对穿着者的尿布的部分,该穿着者朝向观察者进行取向。尿布裤100P包括基础结构102和环状弹性带104。如下文所更详述,第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108粘结在一起以形成环状弹性带104。
继续参考图2,尿布裤100P和基础结构102各自包括第一腰区116、第二腰区118、以及设置在第一腰区与第二腰区之间的裆区119。第一腰区116可被构造为前腰区,并且第二腰区118可被构造为后腰区。尿布100P也可包括在前腰区116中的侧向延伸的前腰边缘121和在后腰区118中的纵向相对且侧向延伸的后腰边缘122。为了为本讨论提供参照系,图2示出具有纵向轴线124和侧向轴线126的尿布100P和基础结构102。在一些实施方案中,纵向轴线124可延伸穿过前腰边缘121并且穿过后腰边缘122。并且侧向轴线126可延伸穿过第一纵向或右侧边缘128并且穿过基础结构102的第二纵向或左侧边缘130的中点。
如图1A、图1B和图2所示,尿布裤100P可包括内部和外部,该内部为面向身体的表面132,该外部为面向衣服的表面134。基础结构102可包括底片136和顶片138。基础结构102也可包括吸收组件140,该吸收组件包括吸收芯142,该吸收芯设置在顶片138的一部分与底片136之间。如下文所更详述,尿布100P也可包括其它特征结构,诸如腿弹性部件和/或腿箍以增强围绕穿着者的腿部的贴合性。
如图2所示,基础结构102的周边可由以下部分限定:第一纵向侧边128、第二纵向侧边130、设置在第一腰区116中的第一侧向延伸的端边144、以及设置在第二腰区118中的第二侧向延伸的端边146。侧边128和130两者在第一端边144与第二端边146之间纵向延伸。如图2所示,侧向延伸的端边144和146位于前腰区116中的侧向延伸的前腰边缘121以及后腰区118中的侧向延伸的后腰边缘122的纵向内侧。当尿布裤100P被穿着在穿着者的下体上时,前腰边缘121和后腰边缘122可环绕穿着者的腰部的一部分。同时,侧边缘128和130可环绕穿着者的腿部的至少一部分。并且裆区119一般可被定位在穿着者的两腿之间,其中吸收芯142从前腰区116穿过裆区119延伸至后腰区118。
如前所述,尿布裤100P可包括底片136。底片136也可限定基础结构102的外表面134。底片136也可包括织造或非织造材料、聚合物膜(诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性膜)、和/或包括膜和非织造材料的多层或复合材料。底片也可包括弹性体膜。示例性底片136可为具有约0.012mm(0.5密尔)至约0.051mm(2.0密尔)厚度的聚乙烯膜。此外,底片136还可允许蒸气从吸收芯中逸出(即,底片为可透气的),同时仍然防止流出物穿透底片136。
同样如上所述,尿布裤100P可包括顶片138。顶片138也可限定基础结构102的内表面132的全部或一部分。顶片138可为液体可渗透的,从而允许液体(例如,经液、尿液和/或稀便)穿透其厚度。顶片138可由各种材料制造,诸如织造材料和非织造材料;开孔或液压成形的热塑性膜;开孔非织造布、多孔泡沫;网状泡沫;网状热塑性膜;和热塑性稀松布。织造材料和非织造材料可包括天然纤维诸如木纤维或棉纤维;合成纤维诸如聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维或聚乙烯纤维;或它们的组合。如果顶片138包括纤维,则纤维可由纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺或本领域已知的其它方法来处理。顶片138可选自高蓬松非织造布顶片、开孔膜顶片和开孔非织造布顶片。示例性开孔膜可包括描述于以下专利中的那些:美国专利5,628,097;5,916,661;6,545,197;和6,107,539。
如上所述,尿布裤100P也可包括接合到基础结构102的吸收组件140。如图2所示,吸收组件140在前腰区116中可具有侧向延伸的前边缘148,并且在后腰区118中可具有纵向相对且侧向延伸的后边缘150。吸收组件可具有纵向延伸的右侧边缘152,并且可具有侧向相对且纵向延伸的左侧边缘154,这两个吸收组件侧边缘152和154可在前边缘148与后边缘150之间纵向延伸。吸收组件140可附加包括一个或多个吸收芯142或吸收芯层。吸收芯142可至少部分地设置在顶片138与底片136之间,并且可按与尿布相容的各种尺寸和形状来形成。用作本公开的吸收芯的示例性吸收结构描述于以下专利中:美国专利4,610,678;4,673,402;4,888,231;和4,834,735。
一些吸收芯实施方案可包括流体储存芯,该流体储存芯包含减小量的纤维素透气毡材料。例如,此类芯可包含小于约40%、30%、20%、10%、5%或甚至1%的纤维素透气毡材料。此类芯可主要包含量为至少约60%、70%、80%、85%、90%、95%或甚至约100%的吸收胶凝材料,其中芯的其余部分包含微纤维胶(如果适用的话)。此类芯、微纤维胶和吸收胶凝材料描述于以下专利中:美国专利5,599,335;5,562,646;5,669,894;和6,790,798以及美国专利公布2004/0158212A1和2004/0097895A1。
如前所述,尿布100P也可包括弹性化腿箍156。应当理解,腿箍156可为且有时也称为腿围、侧翼、阻隔箍、弹性箍或衬圈箍。弹性化腿箍156可以各种方式来构造以帮助减少身体流出物在腿区中的渗漏。示例性腿箍156可包括描述于以下专利中的那些:美国专利3,860,003;4,909,803;4,695,278;4,795,454;4,704,115;4,909,803;和美国专利公布2009/0312730A1。
如上所述,尿布裤可被制造成具有环状弹性带104,并且在应用到穿着者之前以其中前腰区116和后腰区118在包装时彼此连接的构型提供给消费者。这样,尿布裤可具有连续周边腰部开口110和连续周边腿部开口112,诸如图1A和图1B所示。环状弹性带可通过用永久性侧接缝或用可打开且可重新闭合的紧固系统将第一弹性带接合到第二弹性带来形成,该紧固系统设置在或邻近带的侧向相对侧。
如前所述,环状弹性带104可由与第二弹性带108连接的第一弹性带106限定。如图2所示,第一弹性带106在第一纵向侧边缘111a与第二纵向侧边缘111b之间延伸,并且限定相对的第一端区106a和第二端区106b以及中心区106c。并且第二弹性带108在第一纵向侧边缘113a与第二纵向侧边缘113b之间延伸,并且限定相对的第一端区108a和第二端区108b以及中心区108c。第一纵向侧边缘111a与第二纵向侧边缘111b之间的距离限定第一弹性带106的节距PL,并且第一纵向侧边缘113a与第二纵向侧边缘113b之间的距离限定第二弹性带108的节距PL。第一弹性带的中心区106c与基础结构102的第一腰区116连接,并且第二弹性带108的中心区108c与基础结构102的第二腰区118连接。如图1A和图1B所示,第一弹性带106的第一端区106a与第二弹性带108的第一端区108a在第一侧接缝178处连接,并且第一弹性带106的第二端区106b与第二弹性带108的第二端区108b在第二侧接缝180处连接,以限定环状弹性带104以及腰部开口110和腿部开口112。
如图2、图3A和图3B所示,第一弹性带106也限定外侧向延伸的边缘107a和内侧向延伸的边缘107b,并且第二弹性带108限定外侧向延伸的边缘109a和内侧向延伸的边缘109b。这样,一个腿部开口的周边边缘112a可由第一弹性带106的内侧向延伸的边缘107b的部分、第二弹性带108的内侧向延伸的边缘109b的部分、和基础结构102的第一纵向或右侧边缘128的部分限定。并且另一个腿部开口的周边边缘112b可由内侧向延伸的边缘107b的部分、内侧向延伸的边缘109b的部分、和基础结构102的第二纵向或左侧边缘130的部分限定。外侧向延伸的边缘107a、109a也可限定尿布裤100P的前腰边缘121和侧向延伸的后腰边缘122。第一弹性带和第二弹性带也可各自包括面向衣服的外层162和面向穿着者的内层164。应当理解,第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108可包含相同的材料和/或可具有相同的结构。在一些实施方案中,第一弹性带106和第二弹性带可包含不同的材料和/或可具有不同的结构。还应当理解,第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108可由各种材料构造。例如,第一带和第二带可由以下材料制造:诸如塑料膜;开孔塑料膜;以下纤维的织造或非织造纤维网:天然材料(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如,聚烯烃纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、或聚丙烯纤维)、或天然纤维和/或合成纤维的组合;或涂覆的织造或非织造纤维网。在一些实施方案中,第一弹性带和第二弹性带包括合成纤维的非织造纤维网,并且可包括可拉伸的非织造布。在其它实施方案中,第一弹性带和第二弹性带包括内疏水的、不可拉伸的非织造材料和外疏水的、不可拉伸的非织造材料。
第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108也可各自包括插置在外基底层162与内基底层164之间的带弹性材料。带弹性材料可包括一种或多种弹性元件,诸如沿弹性带的长度延伸的股线、带状物、膜、或片。如图2、图3A和图3B所示,带弹性材料可包括多根弹性股线168,它们在本文中可称为外腰弹性部件170和内腰弹性部件172。弹性股线168诸如外腰弹性部件170可在第一弹性带106的相对的第一端区106a与第二端区106b之间并且在第二弹性带108的相对的第一端区108a与第二端区108b之间连续地侧向延伸。在一些实施方案中,一些弹性股线168诸如内腰弹性部件172可被构造成在诸如例如其中第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108与吸收组件140重叠的区域中不连续。在一些实施方案中,可沿纵向以恒定间隔设置弹性股线168。在其它实施方案中,可沿纵向以不同间隔设置弹性股线168。处于拉伸状态的带弹性材料可被插置和接合在未收缩的外层与未收缩的内层之间。当带弹性材料被松弛时,带弹性材料回到未拉伸状态并使外层和内层收缩。带弹性材料可在环状弹性带的区域中提供期望的变化的收缩力。应当理解,可以不同于如图2所示的方式的方式来构造基础结构102和弹性带106、108。带弹性材料可连续地或间歇地沿带弹性材料与内带层和/或外带层之间的接合部接合到外层和/或内层。
在一些构型中,第一弹性带106和/或第二弹性带108可限定弯曲轮廓。例如,第一弹性带106和/或第二弹性带108的内侧向边缘107b、109b可在相对的第一端区和第二端区中包括非线性部分或弯曲部分。此类弯曲轮廓可帮助对腿部开口112限定期望的形状,诸如例如,相对倒圆的腿部开口。除了具有弯曲轮廓之外,弹性带106、108还可包括沿非线性路径或弯曲路径延伸的弹性股线168、172,该路径可对应于内侧向边缘107b、109b的弯曲轮廓。
如前所述,根据本公开的设备和方法可用于制备可用于构造尿布的各种部件(诸如弹性带、腿箍等)的弹性体层合物。例如,图4至图17示出适于制造弹性体层合物302的转换加工设备300的各个方面。如下文所更详述,转换加工设备300用来沿纵向MD推进连续长度的弹性材料304、连续长度的第一基底306、和连续长度的第二基底308。设备300拉伸弹性材料304并将拉伸的弹性材料304与第一基底306和第二基底308接合以产生弹性体层合物302。虽然示出的是弹性材料304并在本文中称为股线,但应当理解,弹性材料304可包括一个或多个连续长度的弹性股线、带状物、和/或膜。
应当理解,弹性体层合物302可用于构造各种类型的吸收制品部件。例如,弹性体层合物302可用作以下连续长度的弹性体带材料,其可被转换加工成上文参考图1至图3B所述的第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108。这样,弹性材料304可对应于插置在外层162与内层164之间的带弹性材料168,该外层和内层继而可对应于第一基底306和/或第二基底308。在其它示例中,弹性体层合物可用于构造呈胶粘尿布构型的腰带和/或侧片。在其它示例中,弹性体层合物可用来构造各种类型的腿箍和/或顶片构型。
如下文所更详述,转换加工设备300可包括沿工艺纵向MD布置的计量装置,其中计量装置可被构造成拉伸推进的弹性材料和/或将拉伸的弹性材料与一个或多个推进的基底接合。在一些构型中,计量装置可包括卷绕在其上的弹性股线的横梁。在操作期间,弹性材料可在纵向上从旋转横梁推进到下游计量装置,以与一个或多个推进的基底接合。从旋转横梁推进的弹性材料可包括纺丝涂饰剂,并且这样,本文的设备可被构造成将弹性材料与基底粘结,而不必在将弹性材料与基底接合之前移除纺丝涂饰剂。粘结件被施加到第一基底和第二基底,以将离散长度的拉伸的弹性股线固定在第一基底与第二基底之间。离散的粘结件可沿纵向间歇地布置。在一些构型中,粘结件在纵向上延伸,并且可在横向上跨一根或多根弹性股线延伸。在一些构型中,粘结件可在横向上彼此分离。应当理解,本文所述和附图中所示的弹性体层合物和吸收制品的装配的设备和方法为非限制性示例性构型。结合一个非限制性构型所示或所述的特征可与其它非限制性构型的特征组合。此类修改和变型旨在被包括在本公开的范围内。
如图5和图6所示,用于制备弹性体层合物302的转换加工设备300可包括第一计量装置310和第二计量装置312。第一计量装置310可被构造为具有卷绕在其上的多根弹性股线316的横梁314。图4示出包括两个侧板317a、317b的空横梁314的示例,这两个侧板可与芯轴芯部318的相对端部部分连接,其中弹性股线可卷绕到芯轴芯部318上。应当理解,可根据本文的方法和设备来利用各种尺寸和技术规格的横梁,诸如例如购自ALUCOLORTextilmaschinen,GmbH的横梁。在操作期间,多根弹性股线316在纵向MD上从横梁314推进到第二计量装置312。另外,多根弹性股线316可在横梁314与第二计量装置312之间沿纵向MD拉伸。拉伸的弹性股线316也在第二计量装置312处与第一基底306和第二基底308接合以产生弹性体层合物302。在一些构型中,从横梁314推进的弹性股线316中的一根或多根也可包括位于弹性股线的外表面上的纺丝涂饰剂320。继而,拉伸的弹性股线316可利用粘结件322连接在第一基底306与第二基底308之间。粘结件322可被构造为施加到第一基底306和第二基底308的离散的机械粘结件322以固定弹性股线316。离散的粘结件322可沿纵向间歇地布置。在一些构型中,粘结件322在纵向MD上延伸并且可在横向CD上跨一根或多根弹性股线316延伸。在一些构型中,离散的粘结件322也可在横向CD上彼此分离。
应当理解,弹性股线316可包括被构造为弹性股线316上的涂层的各种类型的纺丝涂饰剂320(本文也称为纱线涂饰剂)和/或下游处理设备,该涂层可旨在帮助防止弹性股线粘附到自身、彼此粘附。在一些构型中,纺丝涂饰剂可包括各种类型的油和其它组分,诸如例如公开于以下专利中:美国专利8,377,554;8,093,161;和6,821,301。在一些构型中,纺丝涂饰剂可包括各种类型的硅油,诸如例如聚二甲基硅氧烷。在一些构型中,纺丝涂饰剂可包括各种类型的矿物油。应当理解,可根据其中可使用弹性股线的工艺构型来优化施加到弹性股线的纺丝涂饰剂的量。例如,在其中弹性股线具有有限接触或不接触下游处理设备(诸如惰轮)的工艺构型中,可选择纺丝涂饰剂的量以帮助防止弹性股线在卷绕在横梁上时粘附到自身和/或彼此粘附,而不考虑弹性股线是否将粘附到下游处理设备。这样,应当理解,本文的弹性股线可包括可以各种方式表达的各种量的纺丝涂饰剂。例如,每1千克弹性股线10克纺丝涂饰剂的量可表达为1%的纺丝涂饰剂。在一些构型中,弹性股线可包括约0.1%的纺丝涂饰剂。在一些构型中,股线可包括约0.01%至约10%的纺丝涂饰剂,具体地列出在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有0.01%增量。
如图5和图6所示,第二计量装置312可包括:具有外圆周表面326并围绕第一旋转轴线328旋转的第一辊324、和具有外圆周表面332并围绕第二旋转轴线334旋转的第二辊330。第一辊324和第二辊330在相反方向上旋转,并且第一辊324与第二辊330相邻以在第一辊324与第二辊330之间限定辊隙336。第一辊324旋转,使得外圆周表面326具有表面速度S1,并且第二辊330可旋转,使得外圆周表面332具有相同或基本上相同的表面速度S1。
继续参考图5和图6,第一基底306包括第一表面338和相对的第二表面340,并且第一基底306推进到第一辊324。具体地,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326并且推进通过辊隙336。这样,第一基底306的第一表面338在与第一辊324的外圆周表面326相同的方向上行进并与该外圆周表面接触。另外,第二基底308包括第一表面342和相对的第二表面344,并且第二基底308推进到第二辊330。具体地,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第二辊330,其中第二基底308部分地环绕第二辊330的外圆周表面332并且推进通过辊隙336。这样,第二基底308的第二表面344在与第二辊330的外圆周表面332相同的方向上行进并与该外圆周表面接触。
仍然参考图5和图6,横梁314包括卷绕在其上的弹性股线316,并且横梁314可围绕横梁旋转轴线346旋转。在一些构型中,横梁旋转轴线346可在横向CD上延伸。当横梁314旋转时,弹性股线316以速度S2从横梁314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316在纵向MD上从横梁314推进到辊隙336。在一些构型中,速度S2小于速度S1,并且这样,弹性股线316在纵向MD上拉伸。继而,拉伸的弹性股线316推进通过第一基底306与第二基底308之间的辊隙336,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342接合以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。
应当理解,横梁314可以各种方式构造并且具有各种数量的弹性股线。可与本文的设备和方法一起使用的示例性横梁(也称为经轴)公开于以下专利中:美国专利4,525,905;5,060,881;和5,775,380;和美国专利公布2004/0219854A1。尽管图6示出从横梁314推进的五根弹性股线316,但应当理解,本文的设备可被构造成使得大于或小于五根弹性股线316从横梁314推进。在一些构型中,从横梁314推进的弹性股线316可包括约100至约2000根股线,具体地列出在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1根股线增量。在一些构型中,弹性股线316可在横向上彼此分离约0.5mm至约4mm,具体地列出在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有0.1mm增量。如本文所述,多根弹性股线中的弹性部件可在将弹性股线接合到第一基底层306或第二基底层308之前预应变。在一些构型中,弹性部件可预应变约75%至约300%,具体地列出在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1%增量。还应当理解,弹性部件的一个或多个横梁可沿转换加工过程的横向CD布置和/或沿纵向MD布置在转换加工过程的各种不同部分中。还应当理解,横梁314可与一个或多个马达(诸如伺服马达)连接,以驱动并控制横梁314的旋转。应当理解,在一些构型中,弹性股线316可在拉伸状态下供应在横梁314上,并且这样,在与第一基底306和/或第二基底308组合之前,可不需要附加拉伸(或可需要相对较少的附加拉伸)。在一些构型中,弹性股线316可利用轧制退绕(诸如例如购自Overend Technologies,Inc.)从单个辊拉出。
继续参考图5和图6,推进的弹性股线316可与第一基底306和第二基底308接合以形成弹性体层合物302。弹性层合物302也可推进经过粘结件施用装置348,该粘结件施用装置被构造成施加将弹性股线316固定在第一基底306与第二基底308之间的粘结件322。从横梁314推进的弹性股线316中的一根或多根可包括纺丝涂饰剂320。这样,粘结件322可被构造成将弹性股线316固定在第一基底306与第二基底308之间,而不必从弹性股线316移除纺丝涂饰剂320。还应当理解,本文的方法和设备也可被构造成从弹性股线316移除纺丝涂饰剂320。纺丝涂饰剂移除方法和设备的示例公开于美国临时专利申请62/483,965中,该专利申请以引用方式并入本文。另外,本文的弹性层合物302可被构造成在第一基底306与第二基底308之间具有或不具有粘合剂。另外,应当理解,本文的粘结方法和设备可与其它粘结方法和设备(诸如公开于2017年9月1日提交的美国专利申请62/553,149中,该专利申请以引用方式并入本文)结合使用。
如图6所示,粘结件322可沿纵向MD以离散长度延伸,并且可沿弹性层合物302的纵向间歇地布置。因此,弹性股线316可在纵向MD上在间歇地间隔开的粘结区域360与未粘结区域362之间延伸。应当理解,粘结件322可在横向CD上以各种长度连续地延伸,并且可跨一个或多个弹性股线316延伸。粘结件322也可在横向CD上彼此分离,诸如例如图11所示。
图7A和图8A为利用粘结件322固定在第一基底306与第二基底308之间的处于拉伸状态的弹性股线316的详细视图。在粘结过程期间,粘结件施用装置348可将热和压力施加到第一基底306的第一区域350和第二基底308的第二区域352,使得第一基底306的第一材料354和第二基底308的第二材料356变得可延展。继而,可延展的第一材料354和第二材料356在粘结区域360中变形并完全围绕离散长度的拉伸的弹性股线316的外周边358。当弹性层合物302从粘结件施用装置348推进时,热和压力从第一基底306的第一区域350和第二基底308的第二区域352移除,并且这样,可延展的第一材料354和第二材料356在粘结件322中硬化,该粘结件与由拉伸的弹性股线316的外周边358限定的横截面形状一致。在一些构型中,外部热源可用于诸如利用加热的砧座产生在粘结过程中所用的热。还应当理解,可仅通过粘结过程产生热,诸如例如由超声波焊头振动产生的热或通过熔融粘结方法产生的热,其中不需要外部热源。在一些构型中,用于粘结过程中的工具也可被冷却以帮助以期望的水平提供和/或控制工艺温度。
应当理解,粘结件施用装置348可以各种方式构造,诸如例如加热或未加热的图案化辊和砧辊和/或超声波粘结装置。当被构造为诸如图5和图5A示意性所示的超声波粘结装置时,粘结件施用装置348可包括焊头349a并且可被构造成将超声波能量赋予到砧座349b上的组合的基底306、308和弹性股线316。继而,砧座349b可包括从砧座349b径向向外突出的多个图案元件349c,其中每个图案元件包括图案表面349d。应当理解,一些或所有图案表面和/或图案元件的数目、尺寸和形状可不相同。在一些实施方案中,每个图案元件349c的图案表面349d的形状和尺寸可彼此相同或基本上相同。在一些构型中,图案元件349c和/或图案表面349d可具有限定圆形、正方形、矩形、椭圆形和各种类型的其它形状的周边。在一些构型中,砧座349b可包括具有图案表面349d的图案元件349c,该图案表面限定连续的交叉线图案和/或各种其它形状,诸如公开于美国专利9,265,672中,该专利以引用方式并入本文。应当理解,诸如上文所述的图案表面349d可以是平坦的和/或也可包括由相对较高和相对较低的高度限定的区域。因此,此类图案表面可跨粘结区域360产生具有变化厚度的粘结件322。另外,应当理解,弹性股线316可在粘结过程期间跨此类相对较高和较低的高度延伸。应当理解,图案表面形状的选择可实现独特的纹理和图案的产生,其中粘结部位的位置和尺寸影响非织造层合物的局部抗弯性,并且可在弹性部件和所得非织造波纹松弛时产生期望的均匀纹理。
继续参考图5和图5A,超声波粘结装置可将能量施加到焊头349a以在频率和振幅下产生焊头的共振,因此焊头在大致垂直于在砧座349b上被推进经过焊头349a的基底306、308和弹性股线316的方向上快速振动。焊头349a的振动在由砧座349b上的图案元件349c支撑的区域中产生热以将基底306、308熔融并粘结在一起。因此,粘结件322和/或粘结区域360可具有与图案表面349d的形状对应并可镜像该形状的形状。如图5A所示,图案表面349d可跨定位在第一基底306与第二基底308之间的一根或多根弹性股线316连续延伸。应当理解,超声波粘结装置的各方面可以各种方式构造,诸如例如线性或旋转型构型以及诸如例如公开于以下专利中:美国专利3,113,225;3,562,041;3,733,238;5,110,403;6,036,796;6,508,641;和6,645,330。在一些构型中,超声波粘结装置可被构造为线性振荡型超声焊极,诸如例如购自Herrmann Ultrasonic,Inc.。在一些构型中,超声焊极可包括在横向CD上嵌套在一起的多个超声焊极。粘结件施用装置348也可以各种其它方式构造,诸如例如公开于以下专利中的机械粘结装置和方法:美国专利4,854,984;6,248,195;8,778,127;和9,005,392;以及美国专利公布2014/0377513A1;和2014/0377506A1。虽然粘结件施用装置348示于图5和图6中作为定位在第二计量装置312下游的单独装置,但是应当理解,第二计量装置312也可被构造为粘结件施用装置348。这样,第一基底306、第二基底308和弹性股线316可在粘结件施用装置348处组合并粘结在一起以形成弹性层合物302。
如前所述,通过从拉伸的弹性股线316释放张力,可在弹性股线316的一部分与硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356之间施加摩擦锁定。摩擦锁定用于将弹性股线316保持和/或固定在粘结区域360中的固定位置。出于一般解释的目的,图7B示出处于未拉伸或松弛状态的一定长度的弹性股线316,其中弹性股线316限定第一横截面面积A1。并且图7C示出处于拉伸状态的图7B的一定长度的弹性股线316,其中弹性股线316限定小于第一横截面面积A1的第二横截面面积A2。因此,当张力从弹性股线316部分或完全释放时,拉伸的弹性股线316的横截面面积膨胀。如下文所更详述,弹性股线316的横截面面积膨胀的趋势帮助产生摩擦锁定。
接下来转向图7D,提供诸如图7A所示的弹性股线316的详细视图,其中在弹性股线316上已释放(或减小)张力,并且示出弹性股线316膨胀的趋势如何在粘结区域360中产生摩擦锁定。图7D和图8B示出弹性股线316在弹性层合物302的未粘结区域362中具有第一横截面面积A1,其中第一横截面面积A1大于图7A和图8A所示的拉伸的弹性股线316的第二横截面面积A2。并且图7D和图8C示出弹性股线316在弹性层合物302的粘结区域360中具有第三横截面面积A3,其中第三横截面面积A3与图7A和图8A所示的拉伸的弹性股线316的第二横截面面积A2相同或大致相同。如图8C所示,粘结区域360中的硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356帮助防止在弹性股线316上的张力已经减小时弹性股线316的横截面面积膨胀。弹性股线316膨胀的趋势产生在粘结区域360中的硬化的第一材料354与第二材料356之间施加的力F(由图8C中的虚线双箭头线表示)。继而,弹性股线316与硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356之间的力F通过增加弹性股线316与硬化材料354、356之间的摩擦力而产生摩擦锁定。在纵向MD上沿粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的长度的增加的摩擦力将离散长度的弹性股线316与第一基底306和第二基底308一起保持在粘结区域360中的固定位置。这样,在一些构型中,粘合剂可不施加到弹性股线316与硬化材料354、356之间和/或不存在于弹性股线与硬化材料之间。还应当理解,在一些构型中,粘合剂可施加到弹性股线316与硬化材料354、356之间和/或存在于弹性股线与硬化材料之间,以帮助摩擦锁定将离散长度的弹性股线316与第一基底306和第二基底308一起保持在粘结区域360中的固定位置。在一些构型中,粘合剂和粘结区域360中的摩擦锁定可共享由弹性股线316施加的载荷。在一些构型中,定位在弹性股线316上的粘合剂可增加粘结区域360中的弹性股线316与硬化材料354、356之间的摩擦系数。应当理解,各种数量的粘合剂(诸如例如约10gsm或更少)可存在于粘结区域360中。
还应当理解,本文的根据本文所述的方法粘结的弹性股线316也可由一根或多根长丝364构成。例如,图9A示出粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的剖视图,其中弹性股线316包括多根单独的长丝364。如图9A所示,弹性股线316包括围绕内长丝364b的外长丝364a。外长丝364a限定弹性股线316的外周边358,并且外长丝364a可围绕内长丝364b,使得内长丝364b不与粘结件322中的硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356接触。应当理解,长丝364可布置在粘结区域360内的各种位置。例如,图9B示出粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的剖视图,其中多个单独的长丝364一起限定沿横向CD伸长的周边358,并且其中所有的多根长丝364与硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356接触。在另一个示例中,图9C示出粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的剖视图,其中长丝364中的至少两根通过硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356中的至少一种彼此分离。
应当理解,不同的部件可用于构造根据本文的方法和设备的弹性体层合物302。例如,第一基底306和/或第二基底308可包括非织造布和/或膜并且可由以下各种类型的材料构造:诸如塑料膜;开孔塑料膜;天然材料的织造或非织造纤维网,诸如木纤维或棉纤维;合成纤维,诸如聚烯烃纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、或聚丙烯纤维,或天然纤维和/或合成纤维的组合;或涂覆的织造或非织造纤维网;聚合物膜,诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性膜、和/或包括膜和非织造材料的多层或复合材料。
还应当理解,本文的股线316和/或长丝364可限定各种不同的横截面形状。例如,在一些构型中,股线316或长丝364可限定圆形、卵形或椭圆形横截面形状或不规则形状,诸如狗骨形状和沙漏形状。另外,弹性股线316可以各种方式构造并具有各种分特值。在一些构型中,弹性股线316可被构造成具有在约10分特至约500分特范围内的分特值,具体地列出在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1分特增量。
如前所述,基底306、308与定位在它们之间的弹性股线316可根据本文的方法粘结而不会切断弹性股线并且不需要粘结件施用装置348中的嵌套凹槽。例如,如图8C和图9A至图9C所示,热和压力可被施加到基底306、308以产生围绕弹性股线316的粘结件322。粘结件322由硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356限定并且具有最小厚度Tb。另外,弹性股线316可在粘结区域360中具有厚度Te。在一些构型中,基底306、308粘结在一起以产生相对于弹性股线厚度Te具有一定尺寸的粘结厚度Tb,弹性股线316在粘结过程期间可不被切断。另外,可防止施加在粘结区域360中的弹性股线316与硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356之间的力F破坏粘结件322。Te与Tb之间的此类关系可通过弹性股线316的分特和粘结厚度Tb来表征。例如,基底306、308可与定位在它们之间的具有小于或等于约70的分特值的弹性股线粘结在一起,以产生具有至少约100μm(“微米”)的厚度Tb的粘结件322而不切断弹性股线316。在另一个示例中,基底306、308可与定位在它们之间的具有小于或等于约250的分特值的弹性股线粘结在一起,以产生具有至少约200μm(“微米”)的厚度Tb的粘结件322而不切断弹性股线316。在一些构型中,诸如图9C所示,粘结厚度Tb可比长丝364的最小横截面厚度Tf大至少50%。例如,如图9C所示,具有圆形横截面的长丝364的最小横截面厚度Tf可被定义为此类长丝的直径。
图9D至图9F电镜照片(“SEM”)示出由来自两个非织造布的硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356围绕的粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的剖视图。在图9D和图9E中,弹性股线316为包括五根长丝364的70分特弹性股线,其中每根长丝364具有约43μm(“微米”)的直径。并且粘结件322限定约80μm(“微米”)的厚度Tb。在图9F中,弹性股线316为包括十五根长丝364的235分特弹性股线,其中每根长丝364具有约43μm(“微米”)的直径。并且粘结件322限定约200μm(“微米”)的厚度Tb。
应当理解,本文的设备300可以各种方式被构造成具有本文所述的各种特征结构,以装配具有各种拉伸特征的弹性体层合物302。例如,设备300可被构造成用弹性股线316装配弹性体层合物302,该弹性股线从多于一个横梁退绕和/或与由越端或表面驱动的退绕机供应的弹性股线组合。例如,图10和图11示出设备300,其被构造成用从多于一个横梁314退绕的弹性股线316装配弹性体层合物302。具体地,设备300可包括其上卷绕有第一弹性股线316a的第一横梁314a和其上卷绕有第二弹性股线316b的第二横梁314b。第一横梁314a可围绕第一横梁旋转轴线346a旋转,并且第二横梁314b可围绕第二横梁旋转轴线346b旋转。在操作期间,当第一横梁314a旋转时,第一弹性股线316a以速度S2从第一横梁314a在纵向MD上推进,其中第一弹性股线316a在横向CD上彼此间隔开。如上所述,第一弹性股线316a从第一横梁314a在纵向MD上推进并与第一基底306和第二基底308接合。类似地,当第二横梁314b旋转时,第二弹性股线316b以速度S3从第二横梁314b在纵向MD上推进,其中第二弹性股线316b在横向CD上彼此间隔开。如上所述,第二弹性股线316b从第二横梁314b在纵向MD上推进并与第一基底306和第二基底308接合。还应当理解,图10和图11所示的设备构型也可包括被布置成如上所述施加粘结件322的粘结件施用装置348。粘结件施用装置348一般由图10中的虚线矩形表示。
继续参考图10和图11,弹性股线316a、316b可与第一基底306和第二基底308接合,使得弹性体层合物302可在沿横向CD的不同区域中具有不同的拉伸特征。例如,当弹性体层合物302伸长时,第一弹性股线316a可在纵向MD上施加与由第二弹性股线316b施加的收缩力不同的收缩力。在将弹性股线316a、316b与第一基底306和第二基底308接合之前,通过将第一弹性股线316a拉伸得大于或小于第二弹性股线316b,可实现此类不同的拉伸特征。例如,如前所述,第一基底306和第二基底308可各自以速度S1推进。在一些构型中,第一弹性股线316a可以小于速度S1的速度S2从第一横梁314a推进,并且第二弹性股线316b可以小于速度S1的速度S3从第二横梁314b推进。这样,当与第一基底306和第二基底308组合时,第一弹性股线316a和第二弹性股线316b在纵向MD上拉伸。另外,速度S2可小于或大于不同于速度S3。因此,当与第一基底306和第二基底308组合时,第一弹性股线316a可被拉伸得大于或小于第二弹性股线316b。还应当理解,第一弹性股线316a和第二弹性股线316b可具有各种不同的材料构造和/或分特值,以产生在不同区域中具有不同拉伸特征的弹性体层合物302。在一些构型中,弹性层合物可具有其中弹性股线316在横向CD上彼此相对靠近地间隔开的区域以及其中弹性股线316在横向CD上彼此相对更远地间隔开的其它区域以产生不同区域中的不同拉伸特征。在一些构型中,弹性股线316可在拉伸状态下供应在横梁314上,并且这样,在与第一基底306和/或第二基底308组合之前,可不需要附加拉伸(或可需要相对较少的附加拉伸)。因此,在一些构型中,第一弹性股线316a可在第一张力下供应在第一横梁314a上,并且第二弹性股线316b可在第二张力下供应在第二横梁314b上,其中第一张力不等于第二张力。
在图12所示的另一种构型中,第二辊330可定位在第一辊324的下游。这样,第一辊324可被构造为第二计量装置312,并且第二辊330可被构造为第三计量装置366。如图14所示,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326,并从第一辊推进到第二辊330以与第二基底308组合。当横梁314旋转时,弹性股线316以速度S2从横梁314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316从横梁314推进到第一辊324并且定位在第一基底306的第二表面340上。在一些构型中,速度S2小于速度S1,并且这样,弹性股线316在纵向MD上拉伸。继续参考图12,第一基底306和弹性股线316从第一辊324的外圆周表面326推进到第二辊330。另外,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第二辊330,其中第二基底308部分地环绕第二辊330的外圆周表面332。继而,组合的第一基底306和拉伸的弹性股线316从第一辊324推进到第二辊330并且与第二基底308组合,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342接合以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。
在图13所示的另一种构型中,设备300可被构造成仅具有第一辊324而没有第二辊330。这样,第一辊324可被构造为第二计量装置312。此外,第一辊324也可被构造为粘结件施用装置348的部件。如图13所示,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。在部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326时,第一基底306与弹性股线316和第二基底308组合。当横梁314旋转时,弹性股线316以速度S2从横梁314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316从横梁314推进到第一辊324并且定位在第一基底306的第二表面340上。在一些构型中,速度S2小于速度S1,并且这样,弹性股线316在纵向MD上拉伸。继续参考图13,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第一辊324并且部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。继而,第二基底308在位于第一辊324上时与第一基底306和拉伸的弹性股线316组合,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342接合以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。另外,粘结件施用装置348可被构造成在弹性层合物302从第一辊324推进之前施加粘结件322。
在一些构型中,速度S2小于速度S1,并且这样,弹性股线316在纵向MD上拉伸。继续参考图13,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第一辊324并且部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。继而,第二基底308在位于第一辊324上时与第一基底306和拉伸的弹性股线316组合,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342接合以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。另外,粘结件施用装置348可被构造成在弹性层合物302从第一辊324推进之前施加粘结件322。
还应当理解,在一些构型中,本文的第一基底306和第二基底308可由两个离散的基底限定,或者可由单个基底的折叠部分限定。例如,如图14所示,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。在部分地环绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326时,第一基底306与弹性股线316组合。当横梁314旋转时,弹性股线316以速度S2从横梁314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316从横梁314推进到第一辊324并且定位在第一基底306的第二表面340上。如图14和图15所示,折叠装置368可操作以将第一部分306a折叠到第一基底的第二部分306b上,其中弹性股线316定位在第一部分306a与第二部分306b之间以产生弹性层合物302。如图14和图16所示,粘结件施用装置348可被构造成在弹性层合物302从第一辊324推进之前施加粘结件322。
如本文所示,设备和方法可被构造成使得弹性股线可从横梁推进并直接推进到装配过程,而不必触摸附加的机器部件,诸如例如导辊。还应当理解,在一些构型中,弹性股线可从横梁推进并且可在推进到装配过程之前被重定向和/或以其它方式触摸和/或重定向。例如,图17示出其中横梁旋转轴线346可在第一横向CD1上延伸的构型。当横梁314旋转时,弹性股线316在第一纵向MD1上从横梁314推进,其中弹性股线316在第一横向CD1上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316随后可通过辊323从第一纵向MD1重定向到第二纵向MD2,其中弹性股线316可在第二横向CD2上保持彼此分离。弹性股线316可在第二纵向MD2上从辊323推进以与第一基底306和第二基底308组合,以形成弹性体层合物302。因此,应当理解,横梁314可被布置和/或取向成使得横梁旋转轴线346可相对于弹性体层合物302和/或基底306、308的纵向推进平行、垂直或以其它方式成角度地偏移。
本申请要求以下临时申请的权益:2016年12月20日提交的美国临时申请62/436,589;2017年4月11日提交的62/483,965;2017年9月1日提交的62/553,538;2017年9月1日提交的62/553,149;2017年9月1日提交的62/553,171;和2017年11月3日提交的62/581,278,这些临时申请均全文以引用方式并入本文。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个此类量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制,本文中引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。对任何文献的引用不是对其作为与本发明的任何所公开或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其自身或与任何一个或多个其它参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开任何此类发明的认可。此外,当本文献中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本文献中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其它变化和修改。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有此类变化和修改。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制备弹性体层合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
提供弹性股线(316),其中所述弹性股线(316)限定处于未拉伸状态的第一横截面面积;
拉伸所述弹性股线(316),其中所述拉伸的弹性股线(316)限定小于所述第一横截面面积的第二横截面面积;
推进第一基底(306)和第二基底(308)与所述第一基底(306)和所述第二基底(308)之间的所述拉伸的弹性股线(316);
将热和压力施加到所述第一基底(306)的第一区域(350)和所述第二基底(308)的第二区域(352),使得所述第一基底(306)的第一材料(354)和所述第二基底(308)的第二材料(356)变形以完全围绕所述拉伸的弹性股线(316)的外周边(358),以及
从所述第一基底(306)的所述第一区域(350)和所述第二基底(308)的所述第二区域(352)移除热和压力,以允许所述第一材料(354)和所述第二材料(356)硬化以形成与由所述拉伸的弹性股线(316)的所述外周边(358)限定的横截面形状一致的粘结件(322);以及
通过从所述拉伸的弹性股线(316)释放张力,在所述弹性股线(316)的一部分与所述硬化的第一材料和第二材料(354,356)之间施加摩擦锁定;
其中所述弹性股线(316)包括多根长丝(364),
其中所述多根长丝(364)中的至少两根通过硬化的第一材料(354)和硬化的第二材料(356)中的至少一者彼此分开,其中每根长丝(364)与硬化的第一材料(354)和硬化的第二材料(356)接触,并且
其中所述粘结件(322)限定比所述长丝(364)的最小横截面厚度大至少50%的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘结件(322)不包括粘合剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,所述方法还包括从横梁(314)退绕所述弹性股线(316)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中在所述退绕步骤之后执行拉伸步骤。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述弹性股线(316)包括纺丝涂饰剂(320)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,所述方法还包括移除所述纺丝涂饰剂(320)的一部分的步骤。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述施加热和压力的步骤还包括在砧座(349b)与超声波焊头(349a)之间推进所述第一基底(306)、所述第二基底(308)和所述拉伸的弹性股线(316)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述第一基底(306)包括第一非织造布,并且所述第二基底(308)包括第二非织造布。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述弹性股线具有小于100的分特值。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
提供基底(306);以及
将所述基底(306)的第一部分(306a)折叠到所述基底(306)的第二部分(306b)上,其中所述第一部分(306a)限定所述第一基底(306),并且其中所述第二部分(306b)限定所述第二基底(308)。
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