Displaying 1-10 of 167 results found.
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2, 8, 0, 2, 5, 1, 7, 0, 7, 6, 8, 8, 8, 1, 4, 7, 0, 8, 9, 3, 5, 3, 3, 5, 5, 8, 7, 0, 6, 4, 4, 1, 3, 5, 9, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 8, 6, 3, 4, 7, 9, 5, 5, 0, 9, 8, 5, 7, 2, 7, 3, 2, 1, 6, 9, 0, 3, 7, 2, 7, 8, 2, 7, 0, 8, 0, 5, 4, 4, 2, 2, 8, 8, 9, 5, 3, 5, 3, 0, 0, 2
COMMENTS
Long space diagonal of a regular dodecahedron with unit edges.
EXAMPLE
2.80251707688814708935335587064413598888786347955...
MAPLE
(sqrt(3) + sqrt(15))/2: evalf(%, 86); # Peter Luschny, Mar 07 2024
MATHEMATICA
First[RealDigits[GoldenRatio*Sqrt[3], 10, 100]]
Numbers congruent to 1 or 5 mod 6.
+10
230
1, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, 35, 37, 41, 43, 47, 49, 53, 55, 59, 61, 65, 67, 71, 73, 77, 79, 83, 85, 89, 91, 95, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 115, 119, 121, 125, 127, 131, 133, 137, 139, 143, 145, 149, 151, 155, 157, 161, 163, 167, 169, 173, 175
COMMENTS
Or, numbers relatively prime to 2 and 3, or coprime to 6, or having only prime factors >= 5; also known as 5-rough numbers. (Edited by M. F. Hasler, Nov 01 2014: merged with comments from Zak Seidov, Apr 26 2007 and Michael B. Porter, Oct 09 2009) Apart from initial term(s), dimension of the space of weight 2n cuspidal newforms for Gamma_0( 38 ).
Numbers k such that k mod 2 = 1 and (k+1) mod 3 <> 1. - Klaus Brockhaus, Jun 15 2004 Also numbers n such that the sum of the squares of the first n integers is divisible by n, or A000330(n) = n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6 is divisible by n. - Alexander Adamchuk, Jan 04 2007 Numbers n such that the sum of squares of n consecutive integers is divisible by n, because A000330(m+n) - A000330(m) = n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6 + n*(m^2+n*m+m) is divisible by n independent of m. - Kaupo Palo, Dec 10 2016 Terms of this sequence (starting from the second term) are equal to the result of the expression sqrt(4!*(k+1) + 1) - but only when this expression yields integral values (that is when the parameter k takes values, which are terms of A144065). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Sep 09 2008 Numbers n such that ChebyshevT(x, x/2) is not an integer (is integer/2). - Artur Jasinski, Feb 13 2010 If 12*k + 1 is a perfect square (k = 0, 2, 4, 10, 14, 24, 30, 44, ... = A152749) then the square root of 12*k + 1 = a(n). - Gary Detlefs, Feb 22 2010 Cf. property described by Gary Detlefs in A113801 and in Comment: more generally, these numbers are of the form (2*h*n+(h-4)*(-1)^n-h)/4 (with h, n natural numbers), therefore ((2*h*n+(h-4)*(-1)^n-h)/4)^2-1 == 0 (mod h); in this case, a(n)^2 - 1 == 0 (mod 6). Also a(n)^2 - 1 == 0 (mod 12). - Bruno Berselli, Nov 05 2010 - Nov 17 2010 Numbers n such that ( Sum_{k = 1..n} k^14 ) mod n = 0. (Conjectured) - Gary Detlefs, Dec 27 2011 The above conjecture is true. Apply Ireland and Rosen, Proposition 15.2.2. with m = 14 to obtain the congruence 6*( Sum_{k = 1..n} k^14 )/n = 7 (mod n), true for all n >= 1. Suppose n is coprime to 6, then 6 is a unit in Z/nZ, and it follows from the congruence that ( Sum_{k = 1..n} k^14 )/n is an integer. On the other hand, if either 2 divides n or 3 divides n then the congruence shows that ( Sum_{k = 1..n} k^14 )/n cannot be integral. (End)
a(n) are values of k such that Sum_{m = 1..k-1} m*(k-m)/k is an integer. Sums for those k are given by A062717. Also see Detlefs formula below based on A062717. - Richard R. Forberg, Feb 16 2015 a(n) are exactly those positive integers m such that the sequence b(n) = n*(n + m)*(n + 2*m)/6 is integral, and also such that the sequence c(n) = n*(n + m)*(n + 2*m)*(n + 3*m)/24 is integral. Cf. A007775. - Peter Bala, Nov 13 2015 Along with 2, these are the numbers k such that the k-th Fibonacci number is coprime to every Lucas number. - Clark Kimberling, Jun 21 2016 This sequence is the Engel expansion of 1F2(1; 5/6, 7/6; 1/36) + 1F2(1; 7/6, 11/6; 1/36)/5. - Benedict W. J. Irwin, Dec 16 2016 The sequence a(n), n >= 4 is generated by the successor of the pair of polygonal numbers {P_s(4) + 1, P_(2*s - 1)(3) + 1}, s >= 3. - Ralf Steiner, May 25 2018 The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1/3. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 18 2020 Also, the only vertices in the odd Collatz tree A088975 that are branch values to other odd nodes t == 1 (mod 2) of A005408. - Heinz Ebert, Apr 14 2021 For any two terms j and k, the product j*k is also a term (the same property as p^n and smooth numbers).
From a(2) to a(phi( A033845(n))), or a(( A033845(n))/3), the terms are the totatives of the A033845(n) itself. (End) If k is in the sequence, then k*2^m + 3 is also in the sequence, for all m > 0. - Jules Beauchamp, Aug 29 2024
REFERENCES
K. Ireland and M. Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1980.
FORMULA
a(n) = 3*n - 1 - (n mod 2). - Zak Seidov, Jan 18 2006 a(1) = 1 then alternatively add 4 and 2. a(1) = 1, a(n) = a(n-1) + 3 + (-1)^n. - Zak Seidov, Mar 25 2006 1 + 1/5^2 + 1/7^2 + 1/11^2 + ... = Pi^2/9 [Jolley]. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 20 2006 For n >= 3 a(n) = a(n-2) + 6. - Zak Seidov, Apr 18 2007 Expand (x+x^5)/(1-x^6) = x + x^5 + x^7 + x^11 + x^13 + ...
O.g.f.: x*(1+4*x+x^2)/((1+x)*(1-x)^2). (End)
a(n) = 6*floor(n/2) + (-1)^(n+1). - Gary Detlefs, Dec 29 2011 a(n) = 2*n + 1 + 2*floor((n-2)/2) = 2*n - 1 + 2*floor(n/2), leading to the o.g.f. given by R. J. Mathar above. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 20 2012 1 - 1/5^3 + 1/7^3 - 1/11^3 + - ... = Pi^3*sqrt(3)/54 (L. Euler). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 09 2013 a(n) = 2*floor(3*n/2) - 1.
a(k*n) = k*a(n) + (4*k + (-1)^k - 3)/2 for k>0 and odd n, a(k*n) = k*a(n) + k - 1 for even n. Some special cases:
k=2: a(2*n) = 2*a(n) + 3 for odd n, a(2*n) = 2*a(n) + 1 for even n;
k=3: a(3*n) = 3*a(n) + 4 for odd n, a(3*n) = 3*a(n) + 2 for even n;
k=4: a(4*n) = 4*a(n) + 7 for odd n, a(4*n) = 4*a(n) + 3 for even n;
k=5: a(5*n) = 5*a(n) + 8 for odd n, a(5*n) = 5*a(n) + 4 for even n, etc. (End)
a(2*m) = 6*m - 1, m >= 1; a(2*m + 1) = 6*m + 1, m >= 0. - Ralf Steiner, May 17 2018 Product_{n>=1} (1 - (-1)^n/a(n)) = sqrt(3) ( A002194). Product_{n>=2} (1 + (-1)^n/a(n)) = Pi/3 ( A019670). (End)
EXAMPLE
G.f. = x + 5*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 11*x^4 + 13*x^5 + 17*x^6 + 19*x^7 + 23*x^8 + ...
MAPLE
seq(seq(6*i+j, j=[1, 5]), i=0..100); # Robert Israel, Sep 08 2014
MATHEMATICA
Select[Range[200], MemberQ[{1, 5}, Mod[#, 6]] &] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 27 2013 *) Table[2*Floor[3*n/2] - 1, {n, 1000}] (* Mikk Heidemaa, Feb 11 2016 *)
PROG
(PARI) \\ given an element from the sequence, find the next term in the sequence.
(Sage) [i for i in range(150) if gcd(6, i) == 1] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 21 2009 (Haskell)
a007310 n = a007310_list !! (n-1)
a007310_list = 1 : 5 : map (+ 6) a007310_list
(GAP) Filtered([1..150], n->n mod 6=1 or n mod 6=5); # Muniru A Asiru, Dec 19 2018 (Python)
CROSSREFS
Cf. A000330, A001580, A002194, A019670, A032528 (partial sums), A038509 (subsequence of composites), A047209, A047336, A047522, A056020, A084967, A090771, A091998, A144065, A175885- A175887. Row 3 of A260717 (without the initial 1).
AUTHOR
C. Christofferson (Magpie56(AT)aol.com)
Decimal expansion of least x>0 having sin(x) = sin(2*x)^2.
+10
94
2, 7, 2, 9, 7, 1, 8, 4, 9, 2, 3, 6, 8, 2, 4, 9, 5, 0, 4, 0, 8, 6, 1, 6, 8, 0, 6, 0, 8, 3, 8, 6, 9, 8, 3, 1, 0, 4, 7, 4, 0, 6, 6, 5, 1, 9, 6, 6, 4, 4, 0, 1, 8, 2, 7, 6, 6, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 4, 8, 4, 3, 3, 5, 9, 2, 7, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 0, 8, 9, 0, 4, 3, 5, 9, 2, 4, 4, 8, 6, 4, 3, 1, 9, 4, 0, 5, 6, 9, 0, 8
COMMENTS
The Mathematica program includes a graph.
Guide for least x>0 satisfying sin(b*x) = sin(c*x)^2 for selected numbers b and c:
b.....c.......x
4.....2....... A195693, x=arctan(1/(golden ratio)) Pi/6..Pi/4..........., x=1
Cf. A197476 for a similar table for sin(b*x) = sin(c*x)^2.
FORMULA
Equals arcsin(2*sin(arcsin(3*sqrt(3)/8)/3)/sqrt(3))
EXAMPLE
0.272971849236824950408616...
MATHEMATICA
b = 1; c = 2; f[x_] := Sin[x]
t = x /. FindRoot[f[b*x] == f[c*x]^2, {x, .1, .3}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
Plot[{f[b*x], f[c*x]^2}, {x, 0, Pi}]
(* Second program: *)
RealDigits[ ArcSec[ Root[16 - 16 x^2 + x^6, 3]], 10, 100] // First (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2013 *)
PROG
(PARI) asin(2*sin(asin(3*sqrt(3)/8)/3)/sqrt(3)) \\ Gleb Koloskov, Sep 15 2021
Decimal expansion of sqrt(3)/2.
+10
86
8, 6, 6, 0, 2, 5, 4, 0, 3, 7, 8, 4, 4, 3, 8, 6, 4, 6, 7, 6, 3, 7, 2, 3, 1, 7, 0, 7, 5, 2, 9, 3, 6, 1, 8, 3, 4, 7, 1, 4, 0, 2, 6, 2, 6, 9, 0, 5, 1, 9, 0, 3, 1, 4, 0, 2, 7, 9, 0, 3, 4, 8, 9, 7, 2, 5, 9, 6, 6, 5, 0, 8, 4, 5, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 8, 5, 4, 0, 5, 7, 3, 0, 9, 3, 3, 7, 8, 6, 2, 4, 2, 8, 7, 8, 3, 7, 8, 1, 3
COMMENTS
This is the ratio of the height of an equilateral triangle to its base.
Essentially the same sequence arises from decimal expansion of square root of 75, which is 8.6602540378443864676372317...
Also the real part of i^(1/3), the cubic root of i. - Stanislav Sykora, Apr 25 2012 Gilbert & Pollak conjectured that this is the Steiner ratio rho_2, the least upper bound of the ratio of the length of the Steiner minimal tree to the length of the minimal tree in dimension 2. (See Ivanov & Tuzhilin for the status of this conjecture as of 2012.) - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 11 2012 Surface area of a regular icosahedron with unit edge is 5*sqrt(3), i.e., 10 times this constant. - Stanislav Sykora, Nov 29 2013 Circumscribed sphere radius for a cube with unit edges. - Stanislav Sykora, Feb 10 2014 Also the ratio between the height and the pitch, used in the Unified Thread Standard (UTS). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Nov 13 2014 Area of a 30-60-90 triangle with shortest side equal to 1. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Apr 09 2016 If a, b, c are the sides of a triangle ABC and h_a, h_b, h_c the corresponding altitudes, then (h_a+h_b+h_c) / (a+b+c) <= sqrt(3)/2; equality is obtained only when the triangle is equilateral (see Mitrinovic reference). - Bernard Schott, Sep 26 2022
REFERENCES
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Sections 8.2, 8.3 and 8.6, pp. 484, 489, and 504.
Jan Gullberg, Mathematics from the Birth of Numbers, W. W. Norton & Co., NY & London, 1997, §12.4 Theorems and Formulas (Solid Geometry), pp. 450-451.
D. S. Mitrinovic, E. S. Barnes, D. C. B. Marsh, and J. R. M. Radok, Elementary Inequalities, Tutorial Text 1 (1964), P. Noordhoff LTD, Groningen, problem 6.8, page 114.
FORMULA
Equals sin(Pi/3) = cos(Pi/6).
Equals Integral_{x=0..Pi/3} cos(x) dx. (End)
Equals x^(x^(x^...)) where x = (3/4)^(1/sqrt(3)) (infinite power tower). - Michal Paulovic, Jun 25 2023
EXAMPLE
0.86602540378443864676372317...
PROG
(PARI) default(realprecision, 20080); x=10*(sqrt(3)/2); for (n=0, 20000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b010527.txt", n, " ", d)); \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 02 2009 (Magma) SetDefaultRealField(RealField(100)); Sqrt(3)/2; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 02 2018
EXTENSIONS
Last term corrected and more terms added by Harry J. Smith, Jun 02 2009
Decimal expansion of Pi/sqrt(27).
+10
57
6, 0, 4, 5, 9, 9, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 8, 0, 7, 2, 6, 1, 6, 8, 6, 4, 6, 9, 2, 7, 5, 2, 5, 4, 7, 3, 8, 5, 2, 4, 4, 0, 9, 4, 6, 8, 8, 7, 4, 9, 3, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 8, 5, 8, 5, 2, 3, 2, 9, 4, 9, 7, 8, 4, 6, 2, 7, 0, 7, 7, 2, 7, 0, 4, 2, 1, 1, 7, 9, 6, 1, 2, 2, 8, 0, 4, 1, 6, 6, 2, 7, 3, 7, 3, 5, 3, 3, 8, 9, 6, 1, 8, 7, 4, 0
COMMENTS
Original name: Decimal expansion of sum(1/(n*binomial(2*n,n)), n=1..infinity).
Value of the Dirichlet L-series of the non-principal character modulo m=3 ( A102283) at s=1. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 03 2011 Construct the largest possible circle inside a given equilateral triangle. This constant is the ratio of the area of the circle to the area of the triangle ( A245670 is analogous square in triangle). - Rick L. Shepherd, Jul 29 2014
REFERENCES
L. B. W. Jolley, Summation of Series, Dover, 1961, eq. (81), page 16.
FORMULA
-Pi/(3*sqrt(3)) = Sum_{n>=0} (1/(6*n+1) - 2/(6*n+2) - 3/(6*n+3) - 1/(6*n+4) + 2/(6*n+5) + 3/(6*n+6)). - Mats Granvik, Sep 08 2013 Pi/sqrt(27) = Sum_{n >= 0} 1/((3*n + 1)*(3*n + 2)) = 1 - 1/2 + 1/4 - 1/5 + 1/7 - 1/8 + ....
Continued fraction: 1/(1 + 1^2/(1 + 2^2/(2 + 4^2/(1 + 5^2/(2 + ... + (3*n + 1)^2/(1 + (3*n + 2)^2/(2 + ... ))))))).
Pi/sqrt(27) = Integral_{t = 0..1/2} 1/(t^2 - t + 1) dt = Integral_{t = 0..1/2} (1 + t - t^3 - t^4)/(1 - t^6) dt.
Pi/sqrt(27) = (1/4)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1/8)^n * (9*n + 5)/((3*n + 1)*(3*n + 2)).
BBP-type formulas:
Pi/sqrt(27) = Sum_{n >= 0} (1/64)^(n+1)*( 32/(6*n + 1) + 16/(6*n + 2) - 4/(6*n + 4) - 2/(6*n + 5) ) follows from the above integral representation.
Pi/sqrt(27) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*(1/27)^(n+1)*( 9/(6*n + 1) + 9/(6*n + 2) + 6/(6*n + 3) + 3/(6*n + 4) + 1/(6*n + 5) ) follows from the result: Pi/3 = Integral_{t = 0..1/sqrt(3)} 1/(1 - sqrt(3)*t + t^2) dt. (End)
Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} x*I_0(x)*K_0(x)^2 dx over a triple product of modified Bessel functions. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 14 2015 Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} 1/(exp(x) + exp(-x) + 1) dx.
Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} 1/(1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + x^4 + x^5) dx. (End)
Equals Product_{p prime} (1 - Kronecker(-3, p)/p)^(-1) = Product_{p prime != 3} (1 + (-1)^(p mod 3)/p)^(-1). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 06 2023 Pi/sqrt(27) = Sum_{n >= 1} 1/(n*binomial(2*n,n)) = (1/6)*Sum_{n >= 1} 3^n/(n*binomial(2*n,n)) (see Lehmer, equation 12, and also p. 456).
Pi/sqrt(27) = (1/2)*Sum_{n >= 0} 1/((2*n + 1)*binomial(2*n,n)).
Pi/sqrt(27) = (9/4)*Sum_{n >= 3} (n - 1)*(n - 2)/binomial(2*n,n). (End)
Equals integral_{x=0..oo} 1/(1-x^3) dx [Nahin]. - R. J. Mathar, May 16 2024
EXAMPLE
0.60459978807807261686469275254738524409468...
MATHEMATICA
RealDigits[ N [Sum[1/(n*Binomial[2n, n]), {n, 1, Infinity}], 110]] [[1]]
RealDigits[Pi/(3*Sqrt[3]), 10, 105][[1]] (* T. D. Noe, Sep 11 2013 *)
PROG
(Magma) R:=RealField(106); SetDefaultRealField(R); n:=Pi(R)/Sqrt(27); Reverse(Intseq(Floor(10^105*n))); // Bruno Berselli, Mar 12 2018
1 followed by {1, 2} repeated.
+10
54
1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2
COMMENTS
Continued fraction for sqrt(3).
Also coefficient of the highest power of q in the expansion of the polynomial nu(n) defined by: nu(0)=1, nu(1)=b and for n>=2, nu(n)=b*nu(n-1)+lambda*(n-1)_q*nu(n-2) with (b,lambda)=(1,1), where (n)_q=(1+q+...+q^(n-1)) and q is a root of unity. - Y. Kelly Itakura (yitkr(AT)mta.ca), Aug 21 2002
nu(0)=1 nu(1)=1; nu(2)=2; nu(3)=3+q; nu(4)=5+3q+2q^2; nu(5)=8+7q+6q^2+4q^3+q^4; nu(6)=13+15q+16q^2+14q^3+11q^4+5q^5+2q^6.
a(n) = denominators of arithmetic means of the first n positive integers for n >= 1.
See A026741(n+1) or A145051(n) - denominators of arithmetic means of the first n positive integers. (End) This is a prototype of multiplicative sequences defined by a(p^e)=1 for odd primes p, and a(2^e)=c with some constant c, here c=2. They have Dirichlet generating functions (1+(c-1)/2^s)*zeta(s).
Examples are A153284, A176040 (c=3), A040005 (c=4), A021070, A176260 (c=5), A040011, A176355 (c=6), A176415 (c=7), A040019, A021059 (c=8), A040029 (c=10), A040041 (c=12). (End) a(n) = p(-1) where p(x) is the unique degree-n polynomial such that p(k) = A000325(k) for k = 0, 1, ..., n. - Michael Somos, May 12 2012 For n > 0, a(n) is the minimal gap of distinct numbers coprime to n. Proof: denote the minimal gap by b(n). For odd n we have A058026(n) > 0, hence b(n) = 1. For even n, since 1 and -1 are both coprime to n we have b(n) <= 2, and that b(n) >= 2 is obvious. The maximal gap is given by A048669. (End)
REFERENCES
Jan Gullberg, Mathematics from the Birth of Numbers, W. W. Norton & Co., NY & London, 1997, §4.4 Powers and Roots, p. 144.
FORMULA
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 2 if p even; 1 if p odd. - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001 G.f.: (1 + x + x^2) / (1 - x^2). E.g.f.: (3*exp(x)-2*exp(0)+exp(-x))/2. - Paul Barry, Apr 27 2003 a(n) = (3-2*0^n +(-1)^n)/2. a(-n)=a(n). a(2n+1)=1, a(2n)=2, n nonzero.
a(n) = sum{k=0..n, F(n-k+1)*(-2+(1+(-1)^k)/2+C(2, k)+0^k)}. - Paul Barry, Jun 22 2007 Euler transform of length 3 sequence [ 1, 1, -1]. - Michael Somos, Aug 04 2009 Moebius transform is length 2 sequence [ 1, 1]. - Michael Somos, Aug 04 2009 a(n) = sign(n) + ((n+1) mod 2) = 1 + sign(n) - (n mod 2). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Dec 13 2013
EXAMPLE
1.732050807568877293527446341... = 1 + 1/(1 + 1/(2 + 1/(1 + 1/(2 + ...))))
G.f. = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + x^3 + 2*x^4 + x^5 + 2*x^6 + x^7 + 2*x^8 + x^9 + ...
MAPLE
Digits := 100: convert(evalf(sqrt(N)), confrac, 90, 'cvgts'):
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = 2 - (n==0) - (n%2)} /* Michael Somos, Jun 11 2003 */ (PARI) { allocatemem(932245000); default(realprecision, 12000); x=contfrac(sqrt(3)); for (n=0, 20000, write("b040001.txt", n, " ", x[n+1])); } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 01 2009 (Haskell)
a040001 0 = 1; a040001 n = 2 - mod n 2
CROSSREFS
Apart from a(0) the same as A134451.
KEYWORD
nonn,cofr,easy,mult,frac,changed
Decimal expansion of 1/sqrt(3).
+10
47
5, 7, 7, 3, 5, 0, 2, 6, 9, 1, 8, 9, 6, 2, 5, 7, 6, 4, 5, 0, 9, 1, 4, 8, 7, 8, 0, 5, 0, 1, 9, 5, 7, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 7, 6, 0, 1, 7, 5, 1, 2, 7, 0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 7, 6, 0, 1, 8, 6, 0, 2, 3, 2, 6, 4, 8, 3, 9, 7, 7, 6, 7, 2, 3, 0, 2, 9, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 3, 7, 1, 5, 3, 9, 5, 5, 8, 5, 7, 4, 9, 5, 2, 5
COMMENTS
If the sides of a triangle form an arithmetic progression in the ratio 1:1+d:1+2d then when d=1/sqrt(3) it uniquely maximizes the area of the triangle. This triangle has approximate internal angles 25.588 degs, 42.941 degs, 111.471 degs. - Frank M Jackson, Jun 15 2011 When a cylinder is completely enclosed by a sphere, it occupies a fraction f of the sphere volume. The value of f has a trivial lower bound of 0, and an upper bound which is this constant. It is achieved iff the cylinder diameter is sqrt(2) times its height, and the sphere is circumscribed to it. A similar constant can be associated with any n-dimensional geometric shape. For 3D cuboids it is A165952. - Stanislav Sykora, Mar 07 2016 The ratio between the thickness and diameter of a dynamically fair coin having an equal probability, 1/3, of landing on each of its two faces and on its side after being tossed in the air. The calculation is based on the dynamic of rigid body (Yong and Mahadevan, 2011). See A020765 for a simplified geometrical solution. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 01 2020 The coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation) of natural numbers: Limit_{n->oo} sqrt((n-1)/(3*n+3)) = 1/sqrt(3). - Michal Paulovic, Mar 21 2023
REFERENCES
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Sections 8.4.3 and 8.17, pp. 495, 531.
LINKS
Ee Hou Yong and L. Mahadevan, Probability, geometry, and dynamics in the toss of a thick coin, American Journal of Physics, Vol. 79, No. 12 (2011), pp. 1195-1201, preprint, arXiv:1008.4559 [physics.class-ph], 2010-2011.
FORMULA
Equals 1 + Sum_{k>=0} -(4*k+1)^(-1/2) + (4*k+3)^(-1/2) + (4*k+5)^(-1/2) - (4*k+7)^(-1/2). - Gerry Martens, Nov 22 2022 Equals (1/2)*(2 - zeta(1/2,1/4) + zeta(1/2,3/4) + zeta(1/2,5/4) - zeta(1/2,7/4)). - Gerry Martens, Nov 22 2022
EXAMPLE
0.577350269189625764509148780501957455647601751270126876018602326....
PROG
(PARI) \\ Works in v2.15.0; n = 100 decimal places
Decimal expansion of square root of 6.
+10
46
2, 4, 4, 9, 4, 8, 9, 7, 4, 2, 7, 8, 3, 1, 7, 8, 0, 9, 8, 1, 9, 7, 2, 8, 4, 0, 7, 4, 7, 0, 5, 8, 9, 1, 3, 9, 1, 9, 6, 5, 9, 4, 7, 4, 8, 0, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 8, 4, 3, 2, 6, 9, 2, 5, 6, 7, 2, 5, 0, 9, 6, 0, 3, 7, 7, 4, 5, 7, 3, 1, 5, 0, 2, 6, 5, 3, 9, 8, 5, 9, 4, 3, 3, 1, 0, 4, 6, 4, 0, 2, 3
COMMENTS
Continued fraction expansion is 2 followed by {2, 4} repeated. - Harry J. Smith, Jun 05 2009 Ratio t*o/c^2 where t, o and c are respectively the edge lengths of a tetrahedron, an octahedron and a cube whose total surface areas are the same. See CNRS links. - Michel Marcus, Mar 03 2022 and Apr 21 2016 Diameter of a sphere whose surface area equals 6*Pi. More generally, the square root of x is also the diameter of a sphere whose surface area equals x*Pi. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 29 2024
EXAMPLE
2.449489742783178098197284074705891391965947480656670128432692567250960...
Sqrt(6) = sqrt(1+i*sqrt(3)) + sqrt(1-i*sqrt(3)), where i=sqrt(-1). - Bruno Berselli, Nov 20 2012
PROG
(PARI) default(realprecision, 20080); x=sqrt(6); for (n=1, 20000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b010464.txt", n, " ", d)); \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 01 2009 (Magma) SetDefaultRealField(RealField(100)); Sqrt(6); // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 15 2020
Numbers of edges of regular polygons constructible with ruler (or, more precisely, an unmarked straightedge) and compass.
(Formerly M0505)
+10
42
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24, 30, 32, 34, 40, 48, 51, 60, 64, 68, 80, 85, 96, 102, 120, 128, 136, 160, 170, 192, 204, 240, 255, 256, 257, 272, 320, 340, 384, 408, 480, 510, 512, 514, 544, 640, 680, 768, 771, 816, 960, 1020, 1024, 1028, 1088, 1280, 1285
COMMENTS
The terms 1 and 2 correspond to degenerate polygons.
The sequence can be also defined as follows: (i) 1 is a member. (ii) Double of any member is also a member. (iii) If a member is not divisible by a Fermat prime F_k then its product with F_k is also a member. In particular, the powers of 2 ( A000079) are a subset and so are the Fermat primes ( A019434), which are the only odd prime members. The definition is too restrictive (though correct): The Georg Mohr - Lorenzo Mascheroni theorem shows that constructibility using a straightedge and a compass is equivalent to using compass only. Moreover, Jean Victor Poncelet has shown that it is also equivalent to using straightedge and a fixed ('rusty') compass. With the work of Jakob Steiner, this became part of the Poncelet-Steiner theorem establishing the equivalence to using straightedge and a fixed circle (with a known center). A further extension by Francesco Severi replaced the availability of a circle with that of a fixed arc, no matter how small (but still with a known center).
Constructibility implies that when m is a member of this sequence, the edge length 2*sin(Pi/m) of an m-gon with circumradius 1 can be written as a finite expression involving only integer numbers, the four basic arithmetic operations, and the square root. (End)
If x,y are terms, and gcd(x,y) is a power of 2 then x*y is also a term. - David James Sycamore, Aug 24 2024
REFERENCES
Albert H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 183.
Allan Clark, Elements of Abstract Algebra, Chapter 4, Galois Theory, Dover Publications, NY 1984, page 124.
Duane W. DeTemple, "Carlyle circles and the Lemoine simplicity of polygon constructions." The American Mathematical Monthly 98.2 (1991): 97-108. - N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 05 2021 N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
B. L. van der Waerden, Modern Algebra. Unger, NY, 2nd ed., Vols. 1-2, 1953, Vol. 1, p. 187.
LINKS
C. F. Gauss, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, 1801. English translation: Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1966, p. 463. Original (in Latin).
FORMULA
Terms from 3 onward are computable as numbers such that cototient-of-totient equals the totient-of-totient: Flatten[Position[Table[co[eu[n]]-eu[eu[n]], {n, 1, 10000}], 0]] eu[m]=EulerPhi[m], co[m]=m-eu[m]. - Labos Elemer, Oct 19 2001, clarified by Antti Karttunen, Nov 27 2017 If the well-known conjecture that there are only five prime Fermat numbers F_k=2^{2^k}+1, k=0,1,2,3,4 is true, then we have exactly: Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)= 2*Product_{k=0..4} (1+1/F_k) = 4869735552/1431655765 = 3.40147098978.... - Vladimir Shevelev and T. D. Noe, Dec 01 2010 log a(n) >> sqrt(n); if there are finitely many Fermat primes, then log a(n) ~ k log n for some k. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 23 2015
EXAMPLE
34 is a term of this sequence because a circle can be divided into exactly 34 parts. 7 is not.
MATHEMATICA
Select[ Range[ 1300 ], IntegerQ[ Log[ 2, EulerPhi[ # ] ] ]& ] (* Olivier Gérard Feb 15 1999 *) (* first do *) Needs["DiscreteMath`Combinatorica`"] (* then *) Take[ Union[ Flatten[ NestList[2# &, Times @@@ Table[ UnrankSubset[n, Join[{1}, Table[2^2^i + 1, {i, 0, 4}]]], {n, 63}], 11]]], 60] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 11 2005 *) nn=10; logs=Log[2, {2, 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537}]; lim2=Floor[nn/logs[[1]]]; Sort[Reap[Do[z={i, j, k, l, m, n}.logs; If[z<=nn, Sow[2^z]], {i, 0, lim2}, {j, 0, 1}, {k, 0, 1}, {l, 0, 1}, {m, 0, 1}, {n, 0, 1}]][[2, 1]]]
A092506 = {2, 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537}; s = Sort[Times @@@ Subsets@ A092506]; mx = 1300; Union@ Flatten@ Table[(2^n)*s[[i]], {i, 64}, {n, 0, Log2[mx/s[[i]]]}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 28 2014 *)
PROG
(Haskell)
a003401 n = a003401_list !! (n-1)
a003401_list = map (+ 1) $ elemIndices 1 $ map a209229 a000010_list
(PARI) for(n=1, 10^4, my(t=eulerphi(n)); if(t/2^valuation(t, 2)==1, print1(n, ", "))); \\ Joerg Arndt, Jul 29 2014 (PARI) is(n)=n>>=valuation(n, 2); if(n<7, return(n>0)); my(k=logint(logint(n, 2), 2)); if(k>32, my(p=2^2^k+1); if(n%p, return(0)); n/=p; unknown=1; if(n%p==0, return(0)); p=0; if(is(n)==0, 0, "unknown [has large Fermat number in factorization]"), 4294967295%n==0) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 09 2022 (PARI) is(n)=n>>=valuation(n, 2); 4294967295%n==0 \\ valid for n <= 2^2^33, conjecturally valid for all n; Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 09 2022 (Python)
from sympy import totient
A003401_list = [n for n in range(1, 10**4) if format(totient(n), 'b').count('1') == 1]
CROSSREFS
Positions of zeros in A293516 (apart from two initial -1's), and in A336469, positions of ones in A295660 and in A336477 (characteristic function).
Decimal expansion of the area of the regular hexagon with circumradius 1.
+10
28
2, 5, 9, 8, 0, 7, 6, 2, 1, 1, 3, 5, 3, 3, 1, 5, 9, 4, 0, 2, 9, 1, 1, 6, 9, 5, 1, 2, 2, 5, 8, 8, 0, 8, 5, 5, 0, 4, 1, 4, 2, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 1, 5, 5, 7, 0, 9, 4, 2, 0, 8, 3, 7, 1, 0, 4, 6, 9, 1, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 5, 2, 5, 3, 6, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 6, 2, 1, 7, 1, 9, 2, 8, 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 7, 2, 8, 6, 3, 5, 1, 3, 4, 3
COMMENTS
Equivalently, the area in the complex plane of the smallest convex set containing all order-6 roots of unity.
Subtracting 2.5 (i.e., dropping the first two digits) we obtain 0.09807.... which is a limiting mean cluster density for a bond percolation model at probability 1/2 [Finch]. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 26 2007 This constant is also the minimum radius of curvature of the exponential curve (occurring at x = -log(2)/2 = -0.34657359...). - Jean-François Alcover, Dec 19 2016 Luminet proves that this is the critical impact parameter of a bare black hole, in multiples of the Schwarzschild radius. That is, light from a distant source coming toward a black hole is captured by the black hole at smaller distances and deflected at larger distances. - Charles R Greathouse IV, May 21 2022 For any triangle ABC, sin(A) + sin(B) + sin(C) <= 3*sqrt(3)/2, equality is obtained only when the triangle is equilateral (see the Kiran S. Kedlaya link). - Bernard Schott, Sep 16 2022
REFERENCES
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 5.24, p. 412.
LINKS
Kiran S. Kedlaya, A < B, (1999), Problem 6.1, p. 6.
FORMULA
Equals (3*sqrt(3))/2, that is, 2* A104954.
EXAMPLE
2.59807621135331594029116951225880855041420788071557094208371046917789952536320...
MATHEMATICA
Floor[n/2]*Sin[(2*Pi)/n] - Sin[(4*Pi*Floor[n/2])/n]/2 /. n -> 6
RealDigits[(3*Sqrt[3])/2, 10, 50][[1]] (* G. C. Greubel, Jul 03 2017 *)
AUTHOR
Joseph Biberstine (jrbibers(AT)indiana.edu), Mar 30 2005
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