WO2010147149A1 - 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム - Google Patents
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010147149A1 WO2010147149A1 PCT/JP2010/060213 JP2010060213W WO2010147149A1 WO 2010147149 A1 WO2010147149 A1 WO 2010147149A1 JP 2010060213 W JP2010060213 W JP 2010060213W WO 2010147149 A1 WO2010147149 A1 WO 2010147149A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/156—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having two oxygen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/1575—Six-membered rings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/005—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
- B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
- B29C55/14—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial successively
- B29C55/143—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial successively firstly parallel to the direction of feed and then transversely thereto
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0083—Nucleating agents promoting the crystallisation of the polymer matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous film, and can be used as a packaging product, a sanitary product, a livestock product, an agricultural product, a building product, a medical product, a separation membrane, a light diffusion plate, a battery separator, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery separator. is there.
- the polymer porous film with many fine communication holes is used for separation membranes used for the production of ultrapure water, purification of chemicals, water treatment, etc. It is used in various fields such as battery separators.
- a method for producing such a porous film there has been known a method in which an inorganic filler such as calcium carbonate or barium sulfate is melt-mixed with polypropylene to form a film, and then stretched and made porous.
- the porous film obtained by this method has poor dispersion due to the low compatibility of the inorganic filler with polyolefin, and pinholes are likely to occur when stretched and porous.
- the inorganic filler falls off and contaminates the process.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3443934
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2002/066233 pamphlet
- Patent Document 3 described a method for producing a polypropylene porous film by sequentially biaxially stretching a polypropylene containing acicular ⁇ crystals.
- a longitudinal draw ratio (hereinafter referred to as “MD draw ratio”) for the purpose of increasing air holes in the film and improving air permeability characteristics.
- TD draw ratio a method of increasing the transverse draw ratio
- the stretching ratios in both directions are preferably set to substantially the same ratio. That is, in the production of a porous film using ⁇ -crystal polypropylene, it has been considered preferable to stretch isotropically in the vertical and horizontal directions at a high magnification.
- the film obtained by this method has a high porosity, it has good transmission characteristics and has isotropic tensile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the film.
- a porous polypropylene film using ⁇ crystals as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3508515 (Patent Document 3), the film surface slipperiness is increased by surface irregularities generated during stretching, and the handling property is improved. It has also been done.
- the porous film obtained by the manufacturing method described in Patent Document 1 or 2 the piercing strength in the film surface direction due to its high porosity (when pierced with a pin from the direction perpendicular to the film surface,
- the tensile strength (rigidity) in the longitudinal direction tends to be insufficient, and the handling properties in the film transporting process and the like are deteriorated.
- it is used as a battery separator it is difficult to handle because the film is stretched even when a slight tension is applied during winding in the film transport or battery assembly process.
- Patent Document 3 when high-stretch stretching is performed in the transverse direction, the surface irregularities raised by the longitudinal stretching are flattened, and the sliding property of the obtained stretched film surface is likely to deteriorate. Therefore, in the actual process, when transporting or winding the film, for example, the slipperiness between the film and the transport roll, between the film and the film is poor, and wrinkles are generated with a slight tension. there were.
- the flow direction of the film (MD) tensile strength E MD is more than 100 MPa, less than the tensile strength E TD in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction (TD) is 100 MPa, and the E MD a ratio E MD / E TD of 1.5 to 10 and E TD, air permeability of 700 sec / 100ml or less, the puncture strength is at least 1.5 N, and a porous polypropylene film having a ⁇ activity This has led to the solution of this problem.
- porous polypropylene film preferably has a dynamic friction coefficient on the front and back surfaces of the film of 0.10 to 0.80.
- the porous polypropylene film has a draw ratio ⁇ MD in the flow direction of 3.0 to 8.0 times, a draw ratio ⁇ TD in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of 1.1 to 3.0 times, and ⁇ MD
- the ratio ⁇ MD / ⁇ TD between ⁇ TD and ⁇ TD can be obtained by stretching conditions of 1.5 to 5.0.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention can provide a film exhibiting high mechanical strength in the film flow direction and having an excellent balance between air permeability and pin puncture strength as compared with conventional porous films.
- the expression “main component” includes the intention to allow other components to be contained within a range that does not interfere with the function of the main component, unless otherwise specified.
- the main component includes 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably 90% by mass or more (including 100%) in the composition. It is.
- “X to Y” (X and Y are arbitrary numbers) is described, it means “preferably greater than X” and “preferably smaller than Y” with the meaning of “X to Y” unless otherwise specified. Is included.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is characterized by having the ⁇ activity.
- the ⁇ activity can be regarded as an index indicating that the polypropylene resin has formed ⁇ crystals in the film-like material before stretching. If the polypropylene resin in the film-like material before stretching produces ⁇ crystals, fine pores can be easily formed by stretching even when additives such as fillers are not used. A porous polypropylene film having characteristics can be obtained.
- the presence or absence of “ ⁇ activity” is determined when the crystal melting peak temperature derived from the ⁇ crystal is detected by a differential scanning calorimeter described below, and / or the X-ray diffractometer described later.
- a diffraction peak derived from the ⁇ crystal is detected by measurement using, it is determined that the sample has “ ⁇ activity”.
- the porous polypropylene film is heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min for 1 minute using a differential scanning calorimeter, and then cooled from 240 ° C. to 25 ° C. at a cooling rate of 10 ° C.
- the crystal melting peak temperature (Tm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin is detected. In that case, it is determined to have ⁇ activity.
- the ⁇ activity of the porous polypropylene film is calculated by the following formula using the heat of crystal melting derived from the ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) and the heat of crystal melting derived from the ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ).
- ⁇ activity (%) [ ⁇ Hm ⁇ / ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ + ⁇ Hm ⁇ )] ⁇ 100
- the amount of heat of crystal melting derived from the ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) detected mainly in the range of 145 ° C. or higher and lower than 160 ° C., and mainly detected at 160 ° C. or higher and 170 ° C. or lower.
- the amount of heat of crystal melting ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) derived from ⁇ crystal detected mainly in the range of 120 ° C. or higher and lower than 140 ° C., and mainly 140 It can be calculated from the crystal melting heat amount ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal detected in the range of from °C to 165 °C.
- the porous activity of the porous polypropylene film is preferably large, and the ⁇ activity is preferably 20% or more. More preferably, it is 40% or more, and particularly preferably 60% or more. If the porous polypropylene film has a ⁇ activity of 20% or more, it indicates that a large amount of ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin can be formed in the film-like material before stretching, and fine and uniform pores are formed by stretching. As a result, a separator for a lithium ion lithium battery having high mechanical strength and excellent air permeability can be obtained.
- the upper limit of ⁇ activity is not particularly limited, but the higher the ⁇ activity, the more effective the effect is obtained.
- the ⁇ activity can be measured in the state of the entire porous film regardless of whether the porous polypropylene film of the present invention has a single-layer structure or other porous layers are laminated. it can. Further, if a layer containing a polypropylene resin other than the layer made of polypropylene resin is laminated, it is preferable that both layers have ⁇ activity.
- a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent it is preferable to add a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent to the polypropylene resin because it can have higher ⁇ activity.
- the ratio of the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent added to the polypropylene resin needs to be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent or the composition of the polypropylene-based resin. 0.0001 to 5.0 parts by mass of the agent is preferred. 0.001 to 3.0 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.01 to 1.0 part by mass is still more preferable.
- ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin can be sufficiently produced and grown at the time of production, and sufficient ⁇ activity can be secured even when used as a separator, and the desired air permeability performance can be obtained. can get.
- the addition of 5.0 parts by mass or less is preferable because it is economically advantageous and there is no ⁇ crystal nucleating agent on the surface of the porous polypropylene film.
- the amount of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent added to each layer may be the same or different.
- the porous structure of each layer can be appropriately adjusted by changing the addition amount of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent.
- Polypropylene resins include homopropylene (propylene homopolymer), or propylene and ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, etc. Random copolymers or block copolymers with ⁇ -olefins may be mentioned. Among these, homopolypropylene is more preferably used from the viewpoint of maintaining high ⁇ activity, mechanical strength, heat resistance, and the like of the porous polypropylene film.
- the polypropylene resin preferably has an isotactic pentad fraction (mmmm fraction) exhibiting stereoregularity of 80 to 99%. More preferably 83 to 98%, and still more preferably 85 to 97%. If the isotactic pentad fraction is too low, the mechanical strength of the film may be reduced.
- the upper limit of the isotactic pentad fraction is defined by the upper limit that can be obtained industrially at the present time. is not.
- the isotactic pentad fraction (mmmm fraction) is the same direction for all five methyl groups that are side chains with respect to the main chain of carbon-carbon bonds composed of any five consecutive propylene units. Means a three-dimensional structure located at or a proportion thereof. The assignment of the signal of the methyl group region is as follows. Zambellietal (Macromolecules 8, 687, (1975)).
- Mw / Mn which is a parameter indicating a molecular weight distribution
- Mw / Mn is 2.0 to 10.0. More preferred is 2.0 to 8.0, and still more preferred is 2.0 to 6.0. This means that the smaller the Mw / Mn is, the narrower the molecular weight distribution is.
- Mw / Mn is less than 2.0, problems such as a decrease in extrusion moldability occur, and it is difficult to produce industrially.
- Mw / Mn exceeds 10.0, low molecular weight components increase, and the mechanical strength of the porous polypropylene film tends to decrease.
- Mw / Mn is obtained by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) method.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited, but usually the MFR is preferably 0.5 to 15 g / 10 minutes, and 1.0 to 10 g / 10 minutes. It is more preferable. When the MFR is less than 0.5 g / 10 min, the resin has a high melt viscosity at the time of molding and the productivity is lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 15 g / 10 minutes, the mechanical strength of the resulting porous polypropylene film is insufficient, and thus problems are likely to occur in practice. MFR is measured according to JISK7210 under conditions of a temperature of 230 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg.
- the method for producing the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited, and a known polymerization method using a known polymerization catalyst, for example, a multisite catalyst represented by a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst or a metallocene catalyst. And a polymerization method using a single site catalyst.
- a known polymerization method using a known polymerization catalyst for example, a multisite catalyst represented by a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst or a metallocene catalyst.
- a polymerization method using a single site catalyst for example, a multisite catalyst represented by a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst or a metallocene catalyst.
- polypropylene resins examples include the trade names “Novatech PP” “WINTEC” (manufactured by Nippon Polypro), “Versify” “Notio” “Toughmer XR” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), “Zeras” “Thermolan” (Mitsubishi Chemical) ), “Sumitomo Noblen”, “Tough Selenium” (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), “Prime TPO” (manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.), “Adflex”, “Adsyl”, “HMS-PP (PF814)” (manufactured by Sun Allomer), Commercially available products such as “Inspire” (Dow Chemical) can be used.
- Examples of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent used in the present invention include those shown below, but are not particularly limited as long as they increase the formation and growth of ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin, and two or more types are mixed. May be used.
- Examples of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent include amide compounds; tetraoxaspiro compounds; quinacridones; iron oxides having a nanoscale size; potassium 1,2-hydroxystearate, magnesium benzoate or magnesium succinate, magnesium phthalate, etc.
- Alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids represented by: aromatic sulfonic acid compounds represented by sodium benzenesulfonate or sodium naphthalenesulfonate; di- or triesters of dibasic or tribasic carboxylic acids; phthalocyanine blue Phthalocyanine pigments typified by: a two-component compound comprising component A which is an organic dibasic acid and a component B which is an oxide, hydroxide or salt of a Group IIA metal of the periodic table; a cyclic phosphorus compound; Made of magnesium compound Such as the formation thereof.
- specific types of nucleating agents are described in JP-A No. 2003-306585, JP-A No. 06-289656, and JP-A No. 09-194650.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agents include ⁇ crystal nucleating agent “NJESTER NU-100” manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.
- polypropylene resins to which ⁇ crystal nucleating agents are added include polypropylene “Bepol B-” manufactured by Aristech. 022SP ”, polypropylene manufactured by Borealis“ Beta ( ⁇ ) -PPBE60-7032 ”, polypropylene manufactured by Mayzo“ BNXBETAPP-LN ”, and the like.
- additives generally added to the resin composition can be added as appropriate within a range that does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention.
- the additive include recycled resin generated from trimming loss of ears and the like, silica, talc, kaolin, carbonic acid, which are added for the purpose of improving and adjusting molding processability, productivity and various physical properties of the porous polypropylene film.
- Inorganic particles such as calcium, pigments such as titanium oxide and carbon black, flame retardants, weathering stabilizers, heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, melt viscosity improvers, crosslinking agents, lubricants, nucleating agents, plasticizers, anti-aging agents And additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, neutralizers, antifogging agents, antiblocking agents, slip agents, and coloring agents.
- additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, neutralizers, antifogging agents, antiblocking agents, slip agents, and coloring agents.
- the configuration of the porous polypropylene film of the first embodiment is not particularly limited as long as at least one layer containing a polypropylene resin (hereinafter referred to as “I layer”) is present.
- I layer a polypropylene resin
- other layers hereinafter referred to as “II layer” can be laminated as long as the functions of the porous polypropylene film of the present invention are not hindered.
- strength maintenance layer, the heat-resistant layer (high melting temperature resin layer), etc. is mentioned.
- a low melting point resin layer that ensures the safety of the battery is laminated by closing the hole in a high temperature atmosphere as described in JP-A No. 04-181651.
- Is preferred. Specific examples include a two-layer structure in which I layers / II layers are stacked, a three-layer structure in which I layers / II layers / I layers, or II layers / I layers / II layers are stacked.
- the respective additives may be the same or different.
- the form of the porous polypropylene film of the first embodiment may be either a flat shape or a tube shape, but it is possible to take several products as products in the width direction, and the productivity is good, and the inner surface is coated.
- the planar shape is more preferable from the viewpoint of being capable of processing such as.
- the thickness of the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is 1 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 7 to 100 ⁇ m. Particularly when used as a battery separator, it is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, substantially necessary electrical insulation can be obtained. For example, even when a large voltage is applied, it is difficult to short-circuit and is safe. Excellent. Further, if the thickness is 50 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, the electrical resistance of the porous polypropylene film can be reduced, so that the battery performance can be sufficiently ensured.
- the physical properties of the porous polypropylene film of the present invention can be freely adjusted by the layer constitution, lamination ratio, composition of each layer, and production method.
- the porosity is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 35% or more, and still more preferably 40% or more.
- the porosity is 30% or more, a porous polypropylene film that ensures communication and has excellent air permeability can be obtained.
- the upper limit is preferably 70% or less, more preferably 65% or less, and still more preferably 60% or less. If the porosity is 70% or less, the number of fine pores increases so that the strength of the film is hardly lowered, which is preferable from the viewpoint of handling. The porosity is measured by the method described in the examples.
- the tensile strength E MD in the flow direction (MD) of the film is important not less than 100 MPa, preferably more than 120 MPa, more 140MPa is more preferable. If the tensile strength EMD is 100 MPa or more, the tensile strength EMD is sufficiently high, so that the handleability of the film is excellent. On the other hand, although not particularly defined upper limit, the relationship of the balance with other physical properties, tensile strength E MD is preferably not more than 1000 MPa. It is important that the tensile strength E TD in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction (TD) is less than 100 MPa, preferably 80 MPa or less, and more preferably 60 MPa or less.
- the tensile strength E TD is less than 100 MPa, it is preferable because it is easy to form a porous structure suitable for having communication properties, and the air permeability of the obtained film is excellent.
- the lower limit is not particularly defined, but the tensile strength E TD is preferably 1 MPa or more, and more preferably 10 MPa or more, from the balance with other physical properties.
- the ratio E MD / E TD of E MD and E TD is 1.5 or more, preferably 1.7 or more, 2.0 or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the ratio E MD / E TD of E MD and E TD it is important to be 10 or less, preferably 8.0 or less, more preferably 6.0 or less.
- the air permeability of the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is important to be 700 sec / 100 ml or less, more preferably 50 to 600 sec / 100 ml, and still more preferably 100 to 500 sec / 100 ml. If the air permeability is 700 seconds / 100 ml or less, it is preferable that the porous polypropylene film has connectivity and can exhibit excellent air permeability.
- the air permeability represents the difficulty of air passage in the film thickness direction, and is specifically expressed in the number of seconds required for 100 ml of air to pass through the film. Therefore, it means that the smaller the numerical value is, the easier it is to pass through, and the higher numerical value is, the more difficult it is to pass.
- Communication is the degree of connection of holes in the film thickness direction. If the air permeability of the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is low, it can be used for various applications.
- the puncture strength of the porous polypropylene film of the present invention it is important that the value is 1.5 N or more, preferably 2.0 N or more, more preferably 3. 0N or more. A method for measuring the puncture strength will be described later. However, if the puncture strength is lower than 1.5 N, the mechanical strength in the surface direction of the film is insufficient and is not easily broken. For example, when used as a battery separator, it is not preferable because the probability of occurrence of a short circuit due to the breakage of the separator due to foreign matter or the like during battery production is increased.
- the ratio between the air permeability value and the puncture strength value is preferably 150 or less, more preferably 130 or less, and still more preferably 100 or less.
- the greatest feature of the film of the present invention is that it has both air permeability and strength. By forming a porous structure having high communication properties, it is possible to achieve both excellent air permeability even at a relatively low porosity and high strength because of the low porosity. Because.
- a ratio of the air permeability value to the puncture strength value of 150 or less is preferable because sufficient air permeability characteristics and excellent strength can be achieved at the same time.
- the lower limit is not particularly defined, but is preferably 10 or more. By being 10 or more, it is preferable because sufficient air permeability and excellent strength can be achieved at the same time.
- the range of the dynamic friction coefficient on the front and back surfaces of the film is preferably 0.10 to 0.80, more preferably 0.20 to 0.70, and further preferably 0.30 to 0.60. .
- the coefficient of dynamic friction is less than 0.10, the surfaces are too slippery, which is not preferable because the rolls are liable to slip when used as a roll.
- it exceeds 0.80 the handling property of the film is deteriorated, and for example, wrinkles and the like are likely to enter during the conveyance / winding step, which is not preferable.
- As a means for controlling the dynamic friction coefficient on the front and back surfaces of the film within the above range it is possible to lower the stretching ratio in the transverse direction.
- the method for producing the non-porous film is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used. For example, a method of melting a thermoplastic resin composition using an extruder, extruding from a T die, and cooling and solidifying with a cast roll. Is mentioned. Moreover, the method of cutting open the film-like thing manufactured by the tubular method and making it planar is also applicable.
- There are methods for stretching the nonporous film-like material such as a roll stretching method, a rolling method, a tenter stretching method, and a simultaneous biaxial stretching method, and these methods are used alone or in combination of two or more to perform uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching. . Among these, sequential biaxial stretching is preferable from the viewpoint of controlling the porous structure.
- the production method is roughly divided into the following two types depending on the order of the porous formation and lamination.
- A A method of laminating each porous layer after laminating each porous layer or bonding with an adhesive or the like.
- B A method of laminating each layer to produce a laminated nonporous film-like material and then making the nonporous film-like material porous.
- C A method in which one of the layers is made porous and then laminated with another layer of a nonporous film to make it porous.
- D A method for producing a laminated porous film by preparing a porous layer and then coating with inorganic / organic particles or depositing metal particles.
- the method (b) it is preferable to use the method (b) from the viewpoint of the simplicity of the process and productivity, and in particular, in order to ensure the interlayer adhesion between the two layers, a laminated nonporous film-like material is obtained by coextrusion.
- a method of forming a porous layer after preparing is particularly preferable.
- a mixed resin composition of a polypropylene resin and, if necessary, a thermoplastic resin and additives is prepared.
- raw materials such as polypropylene resin (A), ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, and other additives as required, preferably using a Henschel mixer, super mixer, tumbler type mixer, etc., or all ingredients in a bag
- the mixture is melt-kneaded by a single or twin screw extruder, a kneader or the like, preferably a twin screw extruder, and then cut to obtain pellets.
- the pellets are put into an extruder and extruded from a T-die extrusion die to form a film.
- the type of T die is not particularly limited.
- the T die may be a multi-manifold type for two types and three layers or a feed block type for two types and three layers.
- the gap of the T die to be used is determined from the final required film thickness, stretching conditions, draft ratio, various conditions, etc., but is generally about 0.1 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.5. -1.0 mm. If it is less than 0.1 mm, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production speed, and if it is more than 3.0 mm, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production stability because the draft rate increases.
- the extrusion temperature is appropriately adjusted depending on the flow characteristics and moldability of the resin composition, but is generally preferably 180 to 350 ° C, more preferably 200 to 330 ° C, and further preferably 220 to 300 ° C.
- a temperature of 180 ° C. or higher is preferable because the viscosity of the molten resin is sufficiently low and the moldability is excellent and the productivity is improved.
- the temperature is set to 350 ° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the resin composition, and hence the mechanical strength of the resulting porous polypropylene film.
- the cooling and solidification temperature by the cast roll is very important in the present invention, and the ratio of the ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin in the film can be adjusted.
- the cooling and solidification temperature of the cast roll is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 90 to 140 ° C, and still more preferably 100 to 130 ° C. It is preferable to set the cooling and solidification temperature to 80 ° C. or higher because the ratio of ⁇ crystals in the film can be sufficiently increased. Moreover, it is preferable to set the temperature to 150 ° C. or lower because troubles such as the extruded molten resin sticking to the cast roll and wrapping are unlikely to occur, and the film can be efficiently formed into a film.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio of the polypropylene resin of the film-like material before stretching is adjusted to 30 to 100% by setting a cast roll in the temperature range. More preferably, it is 40 to 100%, more preferably 50 to 100%, and most preferably 60 to 100%.
- a porous polypropylene film having a good air permeability can be obtained because it is easily made porous by a subsequent stretching operation.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio in the film before stretching is detected when the film is heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter.
- Biaxial stretching may be simultaneous biaxial stretching or sequential biaxial stretching, but the stretching conditions (magnification, temperature) can be easily selected in each stretching step, and the porous structure can be easily controlled. Biaxial stretching is more preferable.
- the flow direction of the film-like object and the film is referred to as “longitudinal direction”, and the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is referred to as “lateral direction”. Further, stretching in the take-up (flow) direction is referred to as “longitudinal stretching”, and stretching in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is referred to as “lateral stretching”.
- the stretching temperature needs to be appropriately selected depending on the composition of the resin composition to be used and the crystallization state, but it is preferable to select within the range of the following conditions.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching is generally controlled in the range of 10 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably 40 ° C to 120 ° C, more preferably 70 ° C to 110 ° C.
- a stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching of 10 ° C. or higher is preferable because breakage during stretching is suppressed and uniform stretching is performed.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching is 120 ° C. or less, appropriate pore formation can be performed.
- the stretching temperature in transverse stretching is generally 90 ° C. to 160 ° C., preferably 100 ° C. to 150 ° C., and more preferably 110 ° C. to 140 ° C. A stretching temperature in the transverse stretching of 90 ° C.
- the draw ratio in the machine direction and the transverse direction, and the ratio of the draw ratios are very important.
- the stretching ratio in the machine direction and the transverse direction is anisotropically performed (the stretching ratio in the machine direction is set to the transverse direction).
- the stretching ratio in the direction is set to the transverse direction.
- Higher than the stretching ratio in the direction which shows high tensile strength characteristics in the machine direction in spite of high porosity, and compared with the conventional isotropically stretched porous film
- a porous film having a balance between air permeability and puncture strength can be produced.
- the film produced by the production method has a balance between air permeability and piercing strength while having an appropriate porosity by adjusting by low magnification stretching so as not to reduce the communication hole as much as possible.
- the longitudinal draw ratio ⁇ MD is preferably 3.0 times or more, more preferably 3.5 times or more, and still more preferably 4.0 times or more.
- the stretching ratio ⁇ TD in the transverse direction is preferably 1.1 to 3.0 times, more preferably 1.1 to 2.6 times, further preferably 1.1 to 2.4 times, 2.0 times is most preferable.
- the ratio ⁇ MD / ⁇ TD between the draw ratios ⁇ MD and ⁇ TD is preferably 1.5 or more, more preferably 1.8 or more, and further preferably 2.1 or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 4.5 or less, and still more preferably 4.0 or less.
- the pore starting point formed by longitudinal stretching can be appropriately expanded and a fine porous structure can be expressed, and therefore a porous polypropylene film having excellent air permeability characteristics Can be obtained. Furthermore, a porous polypropylene film having excellent MD tensile strength can be obtained.
- the stretching speed in the stretching step is preferably 500 to 12000% / min, more preferably 1500 to 10000% / min, and further preferably 2500 to 8000% / min. If it is the extending
- the porous polypropylene film thus obtained is preferably subjected to heat treatment for the purpose of improving dimensional stability.
- the temperature stability is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 140 ° C. or higher.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 170 ° C. or lower, more preferably 165 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 160 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment temperature is 170 ° C. or lower, it is preferable because the heat treatment hardly melts polypropylene and maintains a porous structure.
- a relaxation treatment of 1 to 20% may be performed as necessary.
- the porous polypropylene film of this invention is obtained by cooling uniformly and winding up after heat processing.
- porous polypropylene film of the present invention will be described in more detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
- the flow direction of the porous polypropylene film is referred to as “longitudinal direction”, and the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is referred to as “lateral direction”.
- Thickness A thickness of 1/1000 mm was used to measure 10 in-plane thicknesses unspecified, and the average was taken as the thickness.
- E MD tensile strength E Ratio of MD and TD tensile strength E TD E MD / E TD A ratio E MD / E TD between the tensile strength E MD of MD and the tensile strength E TD of TD was calculated from the values obtained by the measurements of (3) and (4) above. The case where E MD / E TD was 1.5 to 10 was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where it was out of the range of 1.5 to 10 was evaluated as “X”.
- Air permeability Measure air permeability (seconds / 100 ml) according to JISP8117. A sample having an air permeability of 700 seconds / 100 ml or less was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and a sample having a gas permeability greater than 700 seconds / 100 ml was evaluated as “x”.
- Puncture strength Measured under conditions of a pin diameter of 1.0 mm, a tip portion of 0.5R, and a pin puncture speed of 300 mm / min according to Japanese Agricultural Standards Notification No. 1019. Those having a puncture strength of 1.5 N or more were evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and those having a puncture strength of less than 1.5 N were evaluated as “X”.
- Ratio between air permeability value and puncture strength value (air permeability / puncture strength) From the air permeability and puncture strength obtained by the measurements in (6) and (7) above, the ratio of the air permeability value and the puncture strength value is calculated. The case where the ratio between the air permeability value and the puncture strength value was 150 or less was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and the ratio larger than 150 was evaluated as “X”.
- Tm ⁇ crystal melting peak temperature
- XMP18A manufactured by Mac Science X-ray source CuK ⁇ ray, output: 40 kV, 200 mA Scanning method: 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan, 2 ⁇ range: 5 ° to 25 °, scanning interval: 0.05 °, scanning speed: 5 ° / min
- Scanning method 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan, 2 ⁇ range: 5 ° to 25 °, scanning interval: 0.05 °, scanning speed: 5 ° / min
- the presence or absence of ⁇ activity was evaluated as follows from the peak derived from the (300) plane of the ⁇ crystal of polypropylene.
- the sample may be prepared by adjusting so that the film is placed in a circular hole of ⁇ 40 mm in the center.
- the crystal melting peak temperature derived from the ⁇ crystal at the time of re-heating was detected at 154 ° C.
- the crystal melting peak temperature (Tm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal was detected at 168 ° C. That is, the mixed pellet had ⁇ activity, and the ⁇ activity calculated from the following formula was 80%.
- ⁇ activity (%) [ ⁇ Hm ⁇ / ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ + ⁇ Hm ⁇ )] ⁇ 100 ⁇ Hm ⁇ : heat of crystal melting derived from ⁇ crystal detected in the range of 145 ° C. or higher and lower than 160 ° C. ⁇ Hm ⁇ : heat of crystal melting derived from ⁇ crystal detected in the range of 160 ° C. or higher and 175 ° C. or lower.
- the film was stretched in the transverse direction at the stretching temperature and magnification described in 1, and then heat-fixed at 155 ° C., then relaxed by 5% at 145 ° C., and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a porous polypropylene film.
- the physical properties of the obtained film are summarized in Table 1.
- the examples configured within the range defined by the present invention are porous polypropylene films having both air permeability and puncture strength.
- the tensile strength of MD is strong, the coefficient of dynamic friction is low, and the slipperiness is excellent, which suggests that the film has good handling properties.
- the comparative example not only the air permeability properties greatly inferior than Example, high dynamic friction coefficient, since in particular even lower tensile strength E MD of Comparative Example 2, MD, suggesting that handling property is not good .
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention can be applied to various uses that require air permeability.
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Abstract
Description
上記公報に代表されるβ晶のポリプロピレンを用いた多孔性フィルムの製法としては、フィルム中の空孔を増加させて透気特性を向上させる目的で、縦延伸倍率(以下、「MD延伸倍率」と称す)と横延伸倍率(以下、「TD延伸倍率」と称す)を高める方法が一般的であった。また、得られたフィルムの等方性を重視する観点から、両方向の延伸倍率をほぼ同倍率に設定することが好ましいことが当業者の常識となっている。すなわち、β晶ポリプロピレンを用いた多孔性フィルムの製膜においては、高倍率で縦・横方向に等方的に延伸することが好ましいとされてきた。該方法で得られるフィルムは、空孔率が高いため透過特性が良好であり、かつフィルム縦横方向に等方的な引張強度を有することとなる。
また、β晶を利用した多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムとしては、特許3508515号公報(特許文献3)のように、延伸の際に発生する表面凹凸によりフィルム表面滑り性を増し、ハンドリング性を向上させるといった検討もされてきた。
また、特許文献3に記載のように、横方向へ高倍率延伸を行った場合、縦延伸で隆起した表面凹凸は平坦化され、得られる延伸フィルム表面の滑り特性が低下し易い。そのため、実工程において、フィルムを搬送する際や巻き取る際に、例えばフィルム・搬送ロール間、フィルム・フィルム間の滑り性が悪く、わずかなテンションでシワが入ってしまうなど、ハンドリング性で課題があった。
なお、本発明において、「主成分」と表現した場合には、特に記載しない限り、当該主成分の機能を妨げない範囲で他の成分を含有することを許容する意を包含し、特に当該主成分の含有割合を特定するものではないが、主成分は組成物中の50質量%以上、好ましくは70質量%以上、特に好ましくは90質量%以上(100%含む)を占める意を包含するものである。
また、「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と記載した場合、特にことわらない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」及び「好ましくはYより小さい」の意を包含するものである。
β活性は、延伸前の膜状物においてポリプロピレン系樹脂がβ晶を生成していたことを示す一指標と捉えることができる。延伸前の膜状物中のポリプロピレン系樹脂がβ晶を生成していれば、フィラー等の添加剤を使用しない場合においても、延伸を施すことで微細孔が容易に形成されるため、透気特性を有する多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得ることができる。
具体的には、示差走査型熱量計で多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で昇温後1分間保持し、次に240℃から25℃まで冷却速度10℃/分で降温後1分間保持し、更に25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で再昇温させた際に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmβ)が検出された場合、β活性を有すると判断している。
β活性度(%)=〔ΔHmβ/(ΔHmβ+ΔHmα)〕×100
例えば、ポリプロピレン系樹脂がホモポリプロピレンの場合は、主に145℃以上160℃未満の範囲で検出されるβ晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmβ)と、主に160℃以上170℃以下に検出されるα晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmα)から計算することができる。また、例えばエチレンが1~4モル%共重合されているランダムポリプロピレンの場合は、主に120℃以上140℃未満の範囲で検出されるβ晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmβ)と、主に140℃以上165℃以下の範囲に検出されるα晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmα)から計算することができる。
β活性度の上限値は特に限定されないが、β活性度が高いほど前記効果がより有効に得られるので100%に近いほど好ましい。
詳細には、ポリプロピレン系樹脂の融点を超える温度である170℃~190℃の熱処理を施し、徐冷してβ晶を生成・成長させた多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムについて広角X線測定を行い、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の(300)面に由来する回折ピークが2θ=16.0°~16.5°の範囲に検出された場合、β活性が有ると判断している。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶構造と広角X線回折に関する詳細は、Macromol.Chem.187,643-652(1986)、Prog.Polym.Sci.Vol.16,361-404(1991)、Macromol.Symp.89,499-511(1995)、Macromol.Chem.75,134(1964)、及びこれらの文献中に挙げられた参考文献を参照することができる。広角X線回折を用いたβ活性の詳細な評価方法については、後述の実施例にて示す。
また、仮に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる層以外に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層などを積層させる場合には、両層ともにβ活性を有することが好ましい。
また、仮にポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる層以外に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層などを積層させる場合には、各層のβ晶核剤の添加量は同じであっても、異なっていても良い。β晶核剤の添加量を変更することで各層の多孔構造を適宜調整することができる。
[ポリプロピレン系樹脂の説明]
ポリプロピレン系樹脂としては、ホモプロピレン(プロピレン単独重合体)、またはプロピレンとエチレン、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン、1-へキセン、1-へプテン、1-オクテン、1-ノネンもしくは1-デセンなどα-オレフィンとのランダム共重合体またはブロック共重合体などが挙げられる。この中でも、β活性度の高さや、多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの機械的強度、耐熱性などを維持する観点から、ホモポリプロピレンがより好適に使用される。
アイソタクチックペンタッド分率(mmmm分率)とは、任意の連続する5つのプロピレン単位で構成される炭素-炭素結合による主鎖に対して側鎖である5つのメチル基がいずれも同方向に位置する立体構造あるいはその割合を意味する。メチル基領域のシグナルの帰属は、A.Zambellietal(Macromolecules8,687,(1975))に準拠した。
本発明で用いるβ晶核剤としては以下に示すものが挙げられるが、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の生成・成長を増加させるものであれば特に限定される訳ではなく、また2種類以上を混合して用いても良い。
β晶核剤としては、例えば、アミド化合物;テトラオキサスピロ化合物;キナクリドン類;ナノスケールのサイズを有する酸化鉄;1,2-ヒドロキシステアリン酸カリウム、安息香酸マグネシウムもしくはコハク酸マグネシウム、フタル酸マグネシウムなどに代表されるカルボン酸のアルカリもしくはアルカリ土類金属塩;ベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムもしくはナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウムなどに代表される芳香族スルホン酸化合物;二もしくは三塩基カルボン酸のジもしくはトリエステル類;フタロシアニンブルーなどに代表されるフタロシアニン系顔料;有機二塩基酸である成分Aと周期律表第IIA族金属の酸化物、水酸化物もしくは塩である成分Bとからなる二成分系化合物;環状リン化合物とマグネシウム化合物からなる組成物などが挙げられる。そのほか核剤の具体的な種類については、特開2003-306585号公報、特開平06-289566号公報、特開平09-194650号公報に記載されている。
本発明においては、前述した成分のほか、本発明の効果を著しく阻害しない範囲内で、一般に樹脂組成物に配合される添加剤を適宜添加できる。前記添加剤としては、成形加工性、生産性および多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの諸物性を改良・調整する目的で添加される、耳などのトリミングロス等から発生するリサイクル樹脂やシリカ、タルク、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム等の無機粒子、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック等の顔料、難燃剤、耐候性安定剤、耐熱安定剤、帯電防止剤、溶融粘度改良剤、架橋剤、滑剤、核剤、可塑剤、老化防止剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、中和剤、防曇剤、アンチブロッキング剤、スリップ剤または着色剤などの添加剤が挙げられる。具体的には、「プラスチックス配合剤」のP154~P158に記載されている酸化防止剤、P178~P182に記載されている紫外線吸収剤、P271~P275に記載されている帯電防止剤としての界面活性剤、P283~294に記載されている滑剤などが挙げられる。
第1実施形態の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの構成は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層(以降「I層」と称す)を少なくとも1層存在すれば特に限定されるものではない。また、本発明の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの機能を妨げない範囲で他の層(以降「II層」と称す)を積層することもできる。強度保持層や、耐熱層(高融解温度樹脂層)などを積層させた構成が挙げられる。例えば、リチウムイオン電池用セパレータとして用いる際には、特開平04-181651号公報に記載されているような高温雰囲気化で孔閉塞し、電池の安全性を確保する低融点樹脂層を積層させることが好ましい。
具体的にはI層/II層を積層した2層構造、I層/II層/I層、若しくは、II層/I層/II層として積層した3層構造などが例示できる。また、他の機能を持つ層と組み合わせて3種3層の様な形態も可能である。この場合、他の機能を持つ層との積層順序は特に問わない。更に層数としては4層、5層、6層、7層と必要に応じて増やしても良い。ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層が2つ以上ある場合、それぞれの添加剤が同じであってもよいし、異なっていても良い。
第1実施形態の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの形態としては平面状、チューブ状の何れであってもよいが、幅方向に製品として数丁取りが可能であることから生産性がよく、さらに内面にコートなどの処理が可能できること等の観点から、平面状がより好ましい。
本発明の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの厚みは1~500μmであり、好ましくは5~300μm、更に好ましくは7~100μmである。特に電池用セパレータとして使用する場合は1~50μmが好ましく、10~30μmがより好ましい。電池用セパレータとして使用する場合、厚みが1μm以上、好ましくは10μm以上であれば、実質的に必要な電気絶縁性を得ることができ、例えば大きな電圧がかかった場合にも短絡しにくく安全性に優れる。また、厚みが50μm以下、好ましくは30μm以下であれば、多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの電気抵抗が小さくできるので電池の性能を十分に確保することができる。
一方、上限については70%以下が好ましく、65%以下がより好ましく、60%以下が更に好ましい。空孔率が70%以下であれば、微細孔が増えすぎてフィルムの強度が低下しにくく、ハンドリングの観点からも好ましい。なお、空孔率は実施例に記載の方法で測定している。
流れ方向に対して垂直方向(TD)の引張強度ETDは100MPa未満であることが重要であり、80MPa以下が好ましく、60MPa以下がより好ましい。引張強度ETDが100MPa未満であれば、連通性を有するのに適した多孔構造を形成し易く、得られるフィルムの透気特性が優れるため好ましい。一方、下限については特に規定しないが、他の物性とのバランスの関係より、引張強度ETDは1MPa以上が好ましく、10MPa以上がより好ましい。
透気度はフィルム厚み方向の空気の通り抜け難さを表し、具体的には100mlの空気が該フィルムを通過するのに必要な秒数で表現されている。そのため、数値が小さい方が通り抜け易く、数値が大きい方が通り抜け難いことを意味する。すなわち、その数値が小さい方がフィルムの厚み方向の連通性が良いことを意味し、その数値が大きい方がフィルムの厚み方向の連通性が悪い(これを曲路率が高いと表現することもある)ことを意味する。連通性とはフィルム厚み方向の孔のつながり度合いである。本発明の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの透気度が低ければ様々な用途に使用することができる。
突刺強度の測定方法については後述するが、突刺強度が1.5Nより低いと、フィルムの面方向に対する機械的強度が不足し、破れ易いため、好ましくない。例えば、電池用セパレータとして使用時に、電池作製時の異物等でのセパレータの破れによる短絡の発生確率が高くなるために好ましくない。
一方、下限については特に規定しないが、10以上であることがより好ましい。10以上であることによって、十分な透気特性と優れた強度を両立させることができるために好ましい。
本発明の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムにおいて、フィルム表裏面での動摩擦係数の範囲は0.10~0.80が好ましく、0.20~0.70がより好ましく、0.30~0.60がさらに好ましい。動摩擦係数が0.10未満である場合は、表面同士が滑りすぎるため、ロールとした際に、巻きずれを起こしやすくなり好ましくない。一方で、0.80を超える場合、フィルムのハンドリング性が低下し、例えば搬送・巻取り工程の際に、シワなどが入りやすくなるため好ましくない。上記範囲内にフィルム表裏面での動摩擦係数をコントロールする手段としては、横方向の延伸倍率を低くすることが挙げられる。
次に本発明の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの製造方法について説明するが、本発明はかかる製造方法により製造される多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムのみに限定されるものではない。
無孔膜状物の延伸方法については、ロール延伸法、圧延法、テンター延伸法、同時二軸延伸法などの手法があり、これらを単独あるいは2つ以上組み合わせて一軸延伸あるいは二軸延伸を行う。中でも、多孔構造制御の観点から逐次二軸延伸が好ましい。
(a)各層を多孔化したのち、多孔化された各層をラミネートしたり接着剤等で接着したりして積層する方法。
(b)各層を積層して積層無孔膜状物を作製し、ついで当該無孔膜状物を多孔化する方法。
(c)各層のうちいずれか1層を多孔化したのち、もう1層の無孔膜状物と積層し、多孔化する方法。
(d)多孔層を作製した後、無機・有機粒子などのコーティング塗布や、金属粒子の蒸着などを行うことにより積層多孔性フィルムとする方法。
本発明においては、その工程の簡略さ、生産性の観点から(b)の方法を用いることが好ましく、なかでも2層の層間接着性を確保するために、共押出で積層無孔膜状物を作製した後、多孔化する方法が特に好ましい。
まずポリプロピレン系樹脂と、必要であれば熱可塑性樹脂、添加剤の混合樹脂組成物を作製する。例えば、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)、β晶核剤、および所望によりその他添加物等の原材料を、好ましくはヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー、タンブラー型ミキサー等を用いて、または袋の中に全成分を入れてハンドブレンドにて混合した後、一軸あるいは二軸押出機、ニーダー等、好ましくは二軸押出機で溶融混練後、カッティングしてペレットを得る。
使用するTダイのギャップは、最終的に必要なフィルムの厚み、延伸条件、ドラフト率、各種条件等から決定されるが、一般的には0.1~3.0mm程度、好ましくは0.5~1.0mmである。0.1mm未満では生産速度という観点から好ましくなく、また3.0mmより大きければ、ドラフト率が大きくなるので生産安定性の観点から好ましくない。
キャストロールによる冷却固化温度は本発明において非常に重要であり、膜状物中のポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の比率を調整することができる。キャストロールの冷却固化温度は好ましくは80~150℃、より好ましくは90~140℃、更に好ましくは100~130℃である。冷却固化温度を80℃以上とすることで、膜状物中のβ晶の比率を十分に増加させることができるために好ましい。また、150℃以下とすることで押出された溶融樹脂がキャストロールへ粘着し巻き付いてしまうなどのトラブルが起こりにくく、効率よく膜状物化することが可能であるので好ましい。
延伸前の膜状物中のβ晶比率は、示差走査型熱量計を用いて、該膜状物を25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で昇温させた際に、検出されるポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)のα晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmα)とβ晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmβ)を用いて下記式で計算される。
β晶比率(%)=〔ΔHmβ/(ΔHmβ+ΔHmα)〕×100
また横延伸での延伸温度は概ね90℃~160℃、好ましくは100℃~150℃、更に好ましくは110℃~140℃である。横延伸における延伸温度が90℃以上であれば、延伸時の破断が抑制され、均一な延伸が行われるため好ましい。一方、横延伸における延伸温度が160℃以下であれば、ポリプロピレンの融解による空孔低下が起こりにくく、適度に空孔が目開きして良好な透気特性を得ることができる。
横方向の延伸倍率λTDを高倍率とした場合、透気特性が低下して透気特性と突刺強度のバランスが悪くなる理由としては、第一段階の縦延伸で発生した空孔が、横方向への高倍率延伸により扁平することで曲路率が高くなり、結果として透気特性を低下していると推察される。該製法で作製されたフィルムは、連通孔を極力低下させないように低倍率延伸で調整することにより、適度な空孔率を有しつつ、透気特性と突刺強度のバランスを有している。
縦方向の延伸倍率λMDについて、3.0倍以上が好ましく、3.5倍以上がより好ましく、4.0倍以上が更に好ましい。上限としては、8.0倍以下が好ましく、7.5倍以下がより好ましく、7.0倍以下が更に好ましい。一方、横方向の延伸倍率λTDについて、1.1~3.0倍が好ましく、1.1~2.6倍がより好ましく、1.1~2.4倍がさらに好ましく、1.1~2.0倍が最も好ましい。
また、延伸倍率λMDとλTDとの比λMD/λTDについて、1.5以上が好ましく、1.8以上がより好ましく、2.1以上が更に好ましい。一方、上限としては5.0以下が好ましく、4.5以下がより好ましく、4.0以下が更に好ましい。
前記範囲内で二軸延伸をすることで、縦延伸により形成された空孔起点を適度に拡大させ、微細な多孔構造を発現させることができるため、優れた透気特性を有する多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得ることができる。更に、MDの引張強度が優れた多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得ることができる。
なお、多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの流れ方向を「縦方向」、流れ方向に対して垂直方向を「横方向」と称する。
1/1000mmのダイアルゲージにて、面内の厚みを不特定に10箇所測定し、その平均を厚みとした。
空孔率はフィルム中の空間部分の割合を示す数値である。空孔率は、フィルムの実質量W1を測定し、樹脂組成物の密度と厚みから空孔率0%の場合の質量W0を計算し、それらの値から下記式に基づき算出した。
空孔率(%)={(W0-W1)/W0}×100
JISK7127に準じて、温度23℃、試験速度200mm/分の条件でフィルムの縦方向の引張強度について測定。MDの引張強度EMDが100MPa以上のものを「○」、100MPa未満のものを「×」と評価した。
JISK7127に準じて、温度23℃、試験速度200mm/分の条件でフィルムの横方向の引張強度について測定。TDの引張強度ETDが100MPa未満のものを「○」、100MPa以上のものを「×」と評価した。
上記(3)及び(4)の測定により得られた値より、MDの引張強度EMDとTDの引張強度ETDとの比EMD/ETDを算出。EMD/ETDが1.5~10のものを「○」、1.5~10の範囲から外れたものを「×」と評価した。
JISP8117に準拠して透気度(秒/100ml)を測定。透気度が700秒/100ml以下のものを「○」、700秒/100mlより大きいものを「×」と評価した。
日本農林規格告示1019号に準じ、ピン径1.0mm、先端部0.5R、ピン刺し速度300mm/分の条件で測定。突刺強度が1.5N以上のものを「○」、1.5N未満のものを「×」と評価した。
上記(6)及び(7)の測定によって得られた透気度、突刺強度より、透気度の値と突刺強度の値との比を算出。透気度の値と突刺強度の値との比が150以下のものを「○」、150より大きいものを「×」と評価した。
フィルム表裏面での動摩擦係数を、JISK7125に準じて縦方向について測定。動摩擦係数が0.10~0.80のものを「○」、0.10~0.80の範囲から外れたものを「×」と評価した。
フィルムをパーキンエルマー社製の示差走査型熱量計(DSC-7)を用いて、25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で昇温後1分間保持し、次に240℃から25℃まで冷却速度10℃/分で降温後1分間保持し、更に25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で再昇温した。再昇温時にポリプロピレンのβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmβ)である145℃~160℃にピークが検出されるか否かにより、以下のようにβ活性の有無を評価した。
○:Tmβが145℃~160℃の範囲内に検出された場合(β活性あり)
×:Tmβが145℃~160℃の範囲内に検出されなかった場合(β活性なし)
なお、β活性の測定は、試料量10mgで、窒素雰囲気下にて行った。
フィルムを縦60mm×横60mm角に切り出し、切り出したセパレータを中央部が40mmφの円状に穴の空いたテフロン(登録商標)膜とアルミ板にはさみ、周囲をクリップで固定した。
アルミ板2枚に拘束した状態のフィルムを設定温度180℃、表示温度180℃である送風定温恒温器(ヤマト科学株式会社製、型式DKN602)に入れ3分間保持した後、設定温度を100℃に変更し、10分以上の時間をかけて100℃まで徐冷を行った。表示温度が100℃になった時点でフィルムを取り出し、アルミ板2枚に拘束した状態のまま25℃の雰囲気下で5分間冷却して得られたフィルムについて、以下の測定条件で、中央部がφ40mmの円状の部分について広角X線回折測定を行った。
・広角X線測定装置:マックサイエンス社製型番XMP18A
・X線源:CuKα線、出力:40kV、200mA
・走査方法:2θ/θスキャン、2θ範囲:5°~25°、走査間隔:0.05°、走査速度:5°/min
得られた回折プロファイルについて、ポリプロピレンのβ晶の(300)面に由来するピークより、β活性の有無を以下のように評価した。
○:ピークが2θ=16.0~16.5°の範囲に検出された場合(β活性あり)
×:ピークが2θ=16.0~16.5°の範囲に検出されなかった場合(β活性なし)
なお、フィルム片が60mm×60mm角に切り出せない場合は、中央部にφ40mmの円状の穴にフィルムが設置されるように調整し、試料を作成しても構わない。
≪混合ペレットの作製≫
プライムポリプロ社製ホモポリプロピレン「プライムPPF300SV(商品名)」(MFR3.0g/10分)100質量部にβ晶核剤である3,9-ビス[4-(N-シクロヘキシルカルバモイル)フェニル]-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5.5]ウンデカンを0.2質量部添加した後、ハンドブレンドし、東芝機械株式会社製の2軸押出機(口径40mmφ、L/D=32)に投入し、設定温度280℃で溶融混合後、ストランドダイより押し出した後、23℃の水槽にてストランドを冷却固化し、ペレタイザーにてカットし、ポリプロピレン系樹脂とβ晶核剤の混合ペレットを作製した。この際、ストランドダイ出口の樹脂温度は282℃、ストランドの水中浸漬時間は5秒であった。
混合ペレットについては、パーキンエルマー社製の示差走査型熱量計(DSC-7)を用いて、25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で昇温後1分間保持し、次に240℃から25℃まで冷却速度10℃/分で降温後1分間保持し、更に25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で再昇温させると、再昇温時にはβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmβ)が154℃に、α晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmα)が168℃に検出された。
すなわち、混合ペレットはβ活性を有しており、下記式から算出したβ活性度は80%であった。
β活性度(%)=〔ΔHmβ/(ΔHmβ+ΔHmα)〕×100
ΔHmβ:145℃以上160℃未満の範囲で検出されるβ晶由来の結晶融解熱量
ΔHmα:160℃以上175℃以下の範囲で検出されるα晶由来の結晶融解熱量
混合ペレットを、三菱重工株式会社製の単軸押出機(口径40mmφ、L/D=32)を用い、200℃で溶融混合後、Tダイ(リップギャップ1mm)から押出した溶融樹脂シートを、表面温度の123℃のキャストロールで引き取り、冷却固化させて膜状物を得た。この際、溶融樹脂シートとキャストロールの接触時間は15秒であった。
次いで、得られた膜状物に対し、ロール縦延伸機を用い、ロール間で表1記載の延伸温度、倍率で縦方向に延伸を行った後、次いで京都機械社製フィルムテンター設備にて表1記載の延伸温度、倍率で横方向に延伸後、155℃にて熱固定を行い、次いで145℃にて5%の弛緩を行った後、室温まで冷却して多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムの物性値について表1にまとめた。
Claims (4)
- フィルムの流れ方向(MD)の引張強度EMDが100MPa以上、流れ方向に対して垂直方向(TD)の引張強度ETDが100MPa未満、かつEMDとETDとの比EMD/ETDが1.5~10であって、透気度が700秒/100ml以下、突刺強度が1.5N以上であり、かつβ活性を有することを特徴とする多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- フィルム表裏面での動摩擦係数が0.10~0.80であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- フィルムの流れ方向(MD)の延伸倍率λMDが3.0~8.0倍、流れ方向に対して垂直方向(TD)の延伸倍率λTDが1.1~3.0倍、及びλMDとλTDとの比λMD/λTDが1.5~5.0の延伸条件によって得られる請求項1または2記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- フィルムの流れ方向(MD)の延伸倍率λMDが3.0~8.0倍、流れ方向に対して垂直方向(TD)の延伸倍率λTDが1.1~3.0倍、及びλMDとλTDとの比λMD/λTDが1.5~5.0の延伸条件によって多孔化することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの製造方法。
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Cited By (12)
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JP2012117047A (ja) * | 2010-11-08 | 2012-06-21 | Toray Ind Inc | 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムおよび蓄電デバイス用セパレータ |
JP2013032505A (ja) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-02-14 | Toray Ind Inc | 多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム、蓄電デバイス用セパレータおよび蓄電デバイス |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8680169B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
EP2444453A4 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
CN102395623B (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
JP2011256402A (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
JP5567535B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
JPWO2010147149A1 (ja) | 2012-12-06 |
US20120101180A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
JP4838910B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
EP2444453A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
CN102395623A (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
US20140087167A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
KR101249180B1 (ko) | 2013-04-03 |
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