TWI577109B - 電動車之動態偵測系統、感應充電系統及其支撐結構 - Google Patents
電動車之動態偵測系統、感應充電系統及其支撐結構 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI577109B TWI577109B TW105100033A TW105100033A TWI577109B TW I577109 B TWI577109 B TW I577109B TW 105100033 A TW105100033 A TW 105100033A TW 105100033 A TW105100033 A TW 105100033A TW I577109 B TWI577109 B TW I577109B
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- Prior art keywords
- coil
- secondary coil
- primary
- sensor
- charging
- Prior art date
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
本發明有關一種電動車用的充電系統,及更加具體地係有關一種充電系統,其在初級線圈及二級線圈之間提供改的對準。
感應式電能係使用於多種車輛充電應用中。這些系統包含一連接在電源的初級線圈,及一位在車內連接至電池的二級線圈。電能被施加到該初級充電線圈,其在二級線圈內感應一電流而對電池充電。若1)初級線圈及二級線圈係足夠地彼此對準及/或2)線圈不過於接近彼此,則感應充電系統能夠是有效的論點。習知技藝設計包含多種技術用於對準線圈及/或移動線圈進入有形接近(physical proximity)。不幸地,這些設計係相對地較複雜及通常包含相對較脆弱的感應及移動系統,其一段時間後可能需要校準及維修。再者,動物或其他移動中的物體可能徘徊在初級線圈及二級線圈之間,可能干涉初級及二級線圈之間的耦合。
前述的問題係在本發明中加以克服,其中一感應充
電系統能安全、簡單及有效地充電電動車。在本發明的第一觀點中,該充電系統包含一個位在輪楔結構內的初級線圈。當車輪進入輪楔結構時,初級線圈自動地移動到相對於車內二級線圈的位置。例如,該輪楔可包含一個升降裝置,其連接至該初級充電線圈。當車輛進入輪楔時,輪子的重量將踏板往前推動。踏板移動而舉高初級充電線圈而較為接近二級線圈。這兩個線圈被安置而進行感應耦合及充電開始。充電完成時,車子離開楔子,踏板向後樞動及初級線圈自二級線圈上解除耦合。
在本發明第二觀點中,該車輛包含一個用於移動二級線圈進入相關於初級充電線圈位置的機制。
在本發明第三觀點中,初級充電線圈係相對於輪楔而長向定位。初級線圈係如此地安置,以致於當車輪接觸輪楔時,初級線圈對準車內的二級線圈。又,初級及二級線圈通常係水平的或與水平面成一角度,而在車子進出充電系統時,有助於無害耦合及解耦合。
在本發明第四觀點中,充電系統至少係部份地相關於車庫門開啟器或車庫門開啟器傳輸器而加以控制。例如,車子離開輪楔後,充電器轉移至睡眠模式而節省能源。車子返回時,使用者啟動車庫門開啟器而打開車庫門。充電器內的接收器接收到來自車庫門開啟器或車庫門開啟器傳輸器的訊號時,甦醒並準備好充電。車子進入楔子及使用者啟動車庫門開啟器以關閉車庫門。充電器內的接收器接收到來自車庫門開啟器或車庫門開啟器傳輸器的訊號時,開始充電。使用者準備離開車庫時,使用者啟動車庫門開啟器而打開車庫門。來自車庫門開啟器或車庫門開啟
器傳輸器的訊號由充電器加以接收,及充電停止。
在本發明第五觀點中,輪楔結構包含一個車輪用的側對準機制。該對準機制包含滾筒及輪導,其在輪子進入楔子時自動地在側邊上對準車輪。
在本發明第六個觀點中,初級充電線圈可安置在一保護性非導體外罩內,其係在支撐車子的通道或表面之內,例如,有助於掃除在初級線圈上的雪。又或者可更換的是,該二級充電線圈可被安置在一個已設在車上的保護性滑板之內。
在本發明的第七觀點中,一動物偵測及阻止系統可合併到充電系統中。該系統在動物或其他物體進入充電區時可加以偵測及可發出一可聽覺的警報或其他訊號來督促該動物離開充電區或警告車主有干擾物體。
本發明這些及其他優點及特徵,在參照現有實施例及圖式之下可完全地加以瞭解及明瞭。
10‧‧‧充電系統
50、50’、50”‧‧‧輪楔
70‧‧‧對準軌
74‧‧‧前牆
76、76’‧‧‧槽井
80‧‧‧充電踏板
82‧‧‧橫桿
84‧‧‧前部
86‧‧‧後部
88、88’‧‧‧初級線圈平台
90、90’‧‧‧鉸鏈
92‧‧‧鉸鏈銷
94‧‧‧十字桿
96‧‧‧初級線圈伸出部
100‧‧‧充電電路
102‧‧‧AC主電源
104‧‧‧電源供應
106‧‧‧初級驅動及控制電路
108‧‧‧初級磁通護罩
110‧‧‧初級充電線圈
150、150’、150”‧‧‧車輛
200‧‧‧輪子
210‧‧‧充電區
250‧‧‧電池電路
252‧‧‧二級線圈
254‧‧‧二級磁通護罩
256‧‧‧彈簧負載栓
258‧‧‧二級整流及控制電路
260‧‧‧電池
300‧‧‧路面
400‧‧‧自動輪側對準機制
410‧‧‧側滾筒
420‧‧‧輪導
422‧‧‧彎部
424‧‧‧直部
500‧‧‧充電系統
510‧‧‧初級充電線圈外罩
512‧‧‧凹槽
514‧‧‧圓柱
516‧‧‧頂表面
518‧‧‧口承
520、520’、520”‧‧‧初級充電線圈外蓋
522、524、522’、524’‧‧‧凹槽
526、528‧‧‧凸部
530‧‧‧初級充電線圈
532‧‧‧內部初級驅動線圈
534‧‧‧外部初級自由共振線圈
536‧‧‧指示燈
540‧‧‧二級線圈
542‧‧‧內部二級接收器線圈
544‧‧‧外部二級自由共振線圈
550‧‧‧二級線圈外罩
552‧‧‧外層
554‧‧‧內層
556‧‧‧主要遮蔽層
558‧‧‧二級遮蔽層
570‧‧‧輪楔
580‧‧‧車輛
590‧‧‧表面
600‧‧‧AC無線供應界面
610‧‧‧汽車電腦
620‧‧‧汽車滙流排
630‧‧‧行動裝置
640‧‧‧無線電能供應器
650‧‧‧網路
700‧‧‧充電器等待車輛
710‧‧‧是否有車輛出現
720‧‧‧充電網路
740‧‧‧傳送一訊息到行動裝置要求許可或已准核則開始充電
750‧‧‧行動裝置辨識碼被分享到充電網路
760‧‧‧是否該裝置辨識碼係已註冊
770‧‧‧行動裝置及/或車輛需要加以註冊
780‧‧‧使用者可以撥通一個號碼或者拜訪充電區所張貼的網址,使充電能夠進行
790‧‧‧訊息被傳送到行動裝置要求許可開始充電
800‧‧‧主電源
802‧‧‧降壓轉換器
804‧‧‧電能測量電路
805‧‧‧降壓升壓控制器
806‧‧‧升壓轉換器
807‧‧‧耦合電容
808‧‧‧電源開關驅動
810‧‧‧電能控制及通訊電路
812‧‧‧電能開關
814‧‧‧高壓、溫度及相位感應電路
820‧‧‧低通濾波器電路
822‧‧‧反相器電路
824‧‧‧監視、回饋及控制電路
826‧‧‧溫度監視電路
828‧‧‧高壓感應器
850‧‧‧AC電線
852‧‧‧連接器
854‧‧‧開關
858‧‧‧充電控制電路
860‧‧‧電能測量電路858輸入控制器
第一圖係具有車輛接近系統之本發明充電系統第一實施例的透視圖。
第二圖係第一圖之充電系統的透視圖,其顯示車輛位在楔子上。
第三圖係第一圖之充電系統的放大視圖。
第四圖係第一圖之充電系統及一停泊車輛的側視圖。
第五圖係本發明第二實施例的側視圖。
第六A圖係本發明第三實施例的透視圖。
第六B圖係第三實施例之車輛停泊在充電器上的側視圖。
第七A圖係本發明第四實施例的透視圖。
第七B圖係第三實施例之車輛停泊在充電器上的側視圖。
第八圖係側輪對準機制的頂視圖。
第九圖係本發明第六實施例的側視圖。
第十圖係依照本發明第六實施例之外蓋的頂視圖。
第十一圖係外蓋的底視圖。
第十二圖係依照本發明第六實施例之初級線圈、外蓋、外罩的橫斷面視圖。
第十三圖係依照本發明第六實施例之分解視圖。
第十四圖係依照本發明第六實施例之初級線圈裝置的頂視圖。
第十五圖係依照本發明第六實施例之二級線圈裝置的頂視圖。
第十六圖係依照本發明第六實施例之初級線圈及初級線圈外罩的透視圖,其中外蓋係已移除。
第十七圖係依照本發明第六實施例之二級線圈及滑板的透視圖。
第十八圖係附屬本發明第六實施例之電路示意圖。
第十九圖係監視系統的示意圖。
第二十圖係依照本發明第七實施例之初級線圈、外蓋、外罩的橫斷面視圖。
第二十一圖及第二十二圖係車輛網路及充電網路的示意圖。
第二十三圖係顯示授權及充電方法的流程圖。
第二十四圖係依照本發明第八實施例之動物偵測系統的側視圖。
第二十五A圖係二級溫度板的電路圖之第一部份。
第二十五B圖係二級溫度板的電路圖之第二部份。
第二十五C圖係二級溫度板的電路圖之第三部份。
第二十六A圖係二級AC板的電路圖的第一部份。
第二十六B圖係二級AC板的電路圖的第二部份。
第二十七圖係二級反相器的電路圖。
第二十八A圖係初級控制器的電路圖的第一部份。
第二十八B圖係初級控制器的電路圖的第二部份。
第二十八C圖係初級控制器的電路圖的第三部份。
第二十八D圖係初級控制器的電路圖的第四部份。
第二十九圖係選擇開關的電路圖。
第三十A圖係數位界面的電路圖的第一部份。
第三十B圖係數位界面的電路圖的第二部份。
第三十C圖係數位界面的電路圖的第三部份。
第三十一A圖係AC電能管理及測量電路的電路圖之第一部份。
第三十一B圖係AC電能管理及測量電路的電路圖之第二部份。
第三十一C圖係AC電能管理及測量電路的電路圖
之第一部份。
第三十二圖係許多電能供應器附屬的電路圖。
第三十三圖係溫度電路的電路圖。
第三十四圖係線圈驅動器的電路圖。
第三十五A圖係開關驅動器的電能供應的電路圖的第一部份。
第三十五B圖係開關驅動器的電能供應的電路圖的第二部份。
第三十五C圖係開關驅動器的電能供應的電路圖的第三部份。
第三十六圖係具有指示燈之外蓋的透視圖。
I.第一實施例
本發明感應車輛充電系統的第一實施例由圖式加以解說,其代號10。充電系統10包含輪楔50及車輛150。輪楔50包含對準軌70及充電電路100。車輛150包含輪子200,其對準該對準軌70。車輛150包含電池電路250。
如第一~三圖所示,充電系統10包含輪楔50、對準軌70、初級充電線圈110及二級線圈252。在第一圖中,一玩具車150係設有輪子200,其在玩具車150接近輪楔50時對準該對準軌70。玩具車150的輪子200進入對準軌70及該玩具車150向前前進。該對準軌70終止於前牆74。在輪子200接觸對準軌70的前牆74之後,玩具車150前進的移動受到阻止。可選擇的是,
如第三圖所示,該對準軌70可包含槽井76,以致於輪子200進入槽井76之內時,車子150的駕駛人能夠加以感受到。
可再選擇的是,如第八圖所示,對準軌70’可包含一自動輪側對準機制400。輪對準機制400包含側滾筒410及輪導420。側滾筒410在平行於輪子200移動方向上的軸上加以旋轉。當輪子200進入輪楔50時,輪子200滾到側滾筒410上。側滾筒410允許輪子200向側邊移動。輪導420包含一彎部422及一直部424。當車子150向前行時,車導420的彎部424迫使輪子200朝向輪導420的中央。車子150持續向前行時,輪導420的直部424維持輪子200在輪導420的中央。
如第三圖所示,輪楔50係加以設計而在輪子200靠在前牆74及/或在槽井76之內時,初級充電線圈110長向地及側向地對準車子150的二級線圈252。槽井76允許二級線圈252接近初級充電線圈110,從舉高到初級充電線圈110之上及逐漸地向下進入對準位置。可選擇的是,輪楔50可提供線圈110,252只在車子的兩個移動側向上的對準。如第三圖所示,在輪子200固定在輪楔50內時,一連接在二級線圈252上的彈簧負載栓256可降低二級線圈252而適當地的垂直對準初級充電線圈110。又可選擇的是,栓256使用氣動能、水力或其他適合本應用的方法而加以降下。又可選擇的是,初級線圈可使用一相對應的由前述任一方法供能的栓而加以舉起。在初級充電線圈110及二級線圈252適當對準後開始充電。當充電完成時,車子150可向後離開槽井76及離開輪楔50。如第一及第二圖所示,輪楔50可加以設計而模仿天然地形及隱藏初級充電線圈110。
充電電路100及電池電路250的電組件係如第三圖所示。AC主電源102係電連接至電源供應104。電源供應104係電連接到初級驅動及控制電路106。電源供應104及初級驅動及控制電路106可以設置在輪楔50內或在任何合適地點內。電源供應104將AC主電源102的電能轉換成為可供該初級驅動及控制電路106所用的電源。初級驅動及控制電路106係電連接到初級充電線圈110。初級充電線圈110係感應耦合到二級線圈252。當一電壓施加通過初級充電線圈110時,初級充電線圈110藉由電磁感應將電能傳輸到二級線圈252。二級線圈252係電連接到二級整流及控制電路258。二級整流及控制電路258係電連接到車子150內的電池260。二級整流及控制電路258將初級充電線圈110所傳輸到二級線圈252的電能轉換成適合電池260所用的能源。初級磁通護罩108係隣近初級充電線圈110加以設置及二級磁通護罩254係隣近二級線圈252加以設置。初級及二級磁通護罩108、254保護充電電路100及電池250不受到線圈110、252的磁場干擾及在充電時限制損失。
如第四圖所示,上述關於玩具車150的充電系統10在實際上可以任何尺寸或型式加以使用,包含一習知的汽車150’。可選擇的是,充電系統可用於任何車子,其包含但不限於公車、計程車、飛機、高爾夫球車、摩托車或休閒車。又可選擇的是,該充電電子組件可與車輛電系統通訊,而完成許多功能,例如停機、停放車輛、或鎖住車輛操作。車輛鎖住是為了防賊、防小孩玩耍、或防止車子在所想要的充電量前的操作。鎖住解除可由(例如)鑰匙、電子鑰匙飾物、或電子鍵盤加以提供。
II第二實施例
本發明的第二實施例係示於第五圖。在本實施例中,初級充電線圈110係與輪楔50’加以分離,及安裝在充電區210上。車子150”向前移動直到輪子200接觸輪楔50’,及車子150”向前移動完成。這個實施例係加以設計而在輪子200接觸輪楔50’時,該初級充電線圈110及二級線圈252彼此成為適當的感應充電對準。如第五圖所示,初級充電線圈110及二級線圈252通常是水平的,但稍微地相對於路面300成小角度。如此,當車輛及充電器在相對地較為長向上移動時,允許二級線圈252與初級充電線圈110的耦合及解耦合。若車子150”在充電時出乎意料地向後移動,則這樣的排列也避免線圈110、252受到損壞。
III第三實施例
本發明的第三實施例係示於第三a及第三b圖。在這個實施例中,輪楔50”包含槽井76’及鉸鏈銷92。一充電踏板80係鉸鏈式地連接到楔50”及鉸鏈銷92。充電踏板80包含一彎曲的、剛性的橫桿82,其設有前部84及後部86。初級線圈平台88係鉸鏈式地連接到橫桿82及鉸鏈90。在鉸鏈90內設有一鉸鏈栓,其抑制初級線圈平台88在鉸鏈90上樞動超過一個相對於橫桿82後部86之預定的平台角θ。可選擇的是,任何適合抑制平台88在鉸鏈90上樞動超過平台角θ的裝置都可加以使用。平台角θ將在下文中進一步地描述。初級充電線圈110係安置在初級線圈平台88的頂表面。
若車輛150”並未出現,輪楔50”具有第六a圖所示的定向。當車輛150”的輪子200進入槽井76’時,車輛150”的重
量造成橫桿82的前部84在鉸鏈銷92上樞動,及向前與向下相對於輪楔50”旋轉。當前部84向前及向下移動時,後部86在鉸鏈銷92上樞動,向前及向上相對於輪楔50”加以移動。當橫桿82的後部86在鉸鏈銷92上樞動時,後部86將初級線圈平台88舉離地面。初級線圈平台88在鉸鏈90上樞動及相對於後部86形成平台角θ。車輛150”向前移動直到輪子200進入槽井76’的中央,及車輛150”向前移動完成。
該預定的平台角θ係加以計算,以致於當輪子200位在槽井76’的中央時,橫桿82的後部86將安置初級充電線圈110而適當對準二級線圈252。這個定位係顯示在第六b圖。在這個時刻,充電可以開始。充電可以手動激發,或可選擇的是,基於感應器(未示)偵測到橫桿82的轉動、車輛150”的直線位置、或其他適合激發充電的動態或物理位置,而自動地激發。
可更換的是,平台角θ是自我對準的,例如使用彈簧負載鉸鏈(未示)。當平台舉高時,平台將會接觸到車子底部。當橫桿持續地將平台推高時,平台在彈簧負載鉸鏈上樞動。自我對準的彈簧負載鉸鏈選項有助於平台表面及車輛收容位置之間的密切接觸。
當充電完成時,車輛150”可後退離開槽井76’,車輛重量由橫桿82的前部84轉移到橫桿82的後部86。這樣造成後部86在鉸鏈銷92上樞動,相對於輪楔50”向後及向下移動。同時,橫桿82的前部84在鉸鏈銷92上樞動,相對於輪楔50”向後及向上地移動。車輛150”的輪子200完全離開槽井76’之後,輪楔50”返回到如第六a圖所示的定位。可選擇的是,在輪子200進入輪
楔50”並施力到液壓活塞之後,液壓聯結(hydraulic linkage)可高舉初級充電線圈110而對準二級線圈252。又可選擇的是,在輪子200進入輪楔50”並施力到液壓活塞之後,氣動聯結(pneumatic linkage)可高舉初級充電線圈110而對準二級線圈252。
IV.第四實施例
第四實施例係示於第七a及第七b圖。這個實施例包含兩個已對準的輪楔50”來收容車輛150”的兩個前輪200。十字桿94剛性地連接兩個踏板82。十字桿94剛性地連接到初級線圈伸出部96。在第七a圖的實施例中,初級線圈伸出部96係位在踏板82之間大約中點上。可選擇的是,初級線圈伸出部96可位在踏板82之間的任意點上。又可選擇的是,初級線圈伸出部96可對準一個踏板82,可位在踏板82之間以外的空間。初級線圈伸出部96係由鉸鏈90’樞接到初級線圈平台88’。鉸鏈90’包含一鉸鏈止動,抑制初級線圈平台88’樞動超過一相對於初級線圈伸出部96之預定的平台角θ’。可選擇的是,可使用任何合適的裝置來抑制初級線圈平台88’樞動超過一相對於初級線圈伸出部96之預定的平台角θ’。初級充電線圈110係位在初級線圈平台88’的頂表面。
當車輛150”的前輪200進入輪楔50”時,橫桿82在鉸鏈銷92上樞動。橫桿82的樞動造成十字桿94的旋轉。十字桿94的旋轉造成初級線圈伸出部96的旋轉。當初級線圈伸出部96旋轉時,初級線圈平台88’在鉸鏈90上樞動。平台角θ’到達預定值之後,鉸鏈停止嚙合及抑制初級線圈平台88’相對於初級線圈伸出部96的進一步的樞動。由於橫桿82在車輛200的重量下持續地在鉸鏈銷92上樞動,初級線圈平台88’被舉離地表。平台角θ’
及初級線圈伸出部96係加以計算,以致於輪子200位在槽井76’的中央時,初級充電線圈110被帶到合適的充電對準至二級線圈252。這個定位係示於第七b圖。此時充電可以開始。如相關於第六a及第六b圖所述者,充電係可手動或自動地啟動。充電完成時,輪子150”可後退離開槽井76’。這樣使輪楔50”返回第七a圖所示的定位,其如相關於第六a及第六b圖所述者。前述之包含有彈簧負載鉸鏈的自我對準的平台也可使用於本實施例。
感應充電系統10可被安置在任何車輛進入暫停的地點上。例如,楔子可被安置在停車地點及要求使用者提供付費方法來開始充電。充電系統也可安置在住家車庫。
V.第五實施例
第五實施例包含一充電電路接收器,其由車庫門開啟器或車庫門開啟器傳輸器所發出的訊號,控制充電系統10的準備、啟動及解除啟動。車輛150離開輪楔50及離開車庫後,充電電路100可轉移至一睡眠模式,以節省能源。例如,車輛離開車庫後,車庫門開啟器傳輸器所發出的無線電頻或訊號,可同時地啟動車庫門開啟器關閉車庫門及解除啟動充電電路,將其安放到低能睡眠模式。可選擇的是,車輛位於車庫時,用於開啟車庫門之來自車庫門開啟器傳輸器的訊號,可解除啟動充電器,及車輛150離開車庫,用於關閉車庫門之來自車庫門開啟器傳輸器的另一訊號,可安置充電器至一低能睡眠模式。充電電路接收器在接收到訊號時也可喚醒充電器。例如,當車輛從外面接近車庫時,使用者藉由車庫門開啟器傳輸器傳送一個訊號,可啟動車庫門。充電電路100內的接收器可接收該訊號,及喚醒充電電路100準備
充電。在車輛150進入車庫後,車庫門回應車庫門開啟器傳輸器所送出的訊號而加以關閉。充電電路100內的接收器可偵測車庫門開啟器傳輸器所送出的訊號,及基於該訊號而進行充電。可選擇的是,偵測車輛的感應器可與車庫門開啟器傳輸器組合使用,避免充電器錯誤地啟動、啟動及解除啟動充電。例如,若車庫門是開啟的但無車輛150進入,則充電器只有在接收到感應器車輛進入車庫的確認之後才會啟動。又可選擇的是,車庫門開啟器本身可包含一傳輸器,其在車庫門開啟器開啟或關閉車庫門時,發出一訊號由充電電路接收器加以接收。充電電路100可包含一接收器,其接收並使用這些訊號來喚醒、啟動、解除啟動、及轉移充電器到一低能睡眠模式。
VI.第六及第七實施例
本發明感應式車輛充電系統的第六實施例係示於第九~十八圖,其代號為500。該充電系統通常包含用於支撐初級充電線圈530及二級線圈540的結構。充電系統500包含初級充電線圈外罩510、初級充電線圈外蓋520、二級線圈外罩550及輪楔570。如第九圖所示,初級充電線圈外罩510係位在凹槽512之內,其下凹至支撐車輛580的表面590之內。初級充電線圈外蓋520的頂表面可被安置在大約相同於表面590的平面上,其如第九圖所示,以致於車輛580在行駛通過初級充電線圈外罩510時,其輪子通常係在相同的水平面上。可選擇的是,初級充電線圈外蓋520的頂表面可為平滑的,允許表面590上進行除雪或相似的清潔,同時保護初級線圈並可進行無線充電。
如第十六圖所示,該初級充電線圈外罩510可包含
圓柱514、頂表面516及口承518。初級充電線圈530可由外罩頂表面516加以支撐並嚙合至口承518。其他初級充電線圈外罩的構形也加以構思。例如,初級充電線圈外罩510可選擇性地包含一個簡單的凹槽,由凹槽的較低表面來支撐初級充電線圈530。在這個構形中,初級充電線圈外蓋520可嚙合至凹槽的較低表面。
初級充電線圈530可包含一內部初級驅動線圈532,以及一外部初級自由共振線圈534,其如第十四圖所示。該外部初級自由共振線圈(534)可與一或多個耦合電容連接,這個構形可以改良電能由初級充電線圈530傳輸到二級線圈540。回到第九圖,初級充電線圈外罩510可被構形而相對於二級線圈550成多種高度。初級充電線圈外罩510可加以修改,而在車輛處於充電地點時被舉離地表,以改良初級線圈530及二級線圈540之間的耦合。初級充電線圈外罩510的移動可藉由氣動、液壓、機械聯結,或任何其他合適的方法來完成。
如第九~十二圖所示,初級充電線圈外蓋520可安置在初級充電線圈530之上,且可嚙合至初級充電線圈外罩510的頂表面516及/或口承518,以保護初級線圈530。該外蓋也可包含一個或更多的凹槽522、524,其可收容並保護初級充電線圈530。凹槽522、524也可對準頂表面516上的凸部526、528,其可進一步地保護初級充電線圈530。凸部526、528可選擇性地加以界定在初級充電線圈外蓋520的第二部之內,以致於初級充電線圈530係收容在外蓋520之內。如第十一圖所示,外蓋520的下側可包含一肋條支撐結構,提供加強的強度給予外蓋520及增加初級線圈530的保護。在第七實施例中,如第二十圖所示,線圈係收容
在凹槽522’、524’及突部可位在外蓋520’的底表面。凹槽522’及524’可選擇性地界定在初級充電線圈外蓋520’的第二部之內,以致於初級充電線圈530係收容在外蓋520’之內。外蓋520及初級充電線圈外罩510的其他元件係可由任何合適的材料加以製成,其包含非導體複合物或塑膠。其可包含玻璃充填的環氧樹脂、塑膠或玻璃纖維層,以便提供車輛行駛到外蓋上時所需要的強度及結構。可選擇地,如第三十六圖所示,外蓋520”可包含一個或更多的指示燈536。指示燈536可為亮光環的形式,如第三十六圖所示,及可指示初級充電線圈的位置,付費允許/認可,充電完成,錯誤發生,或任何有用於使用者或服務公司的資訊。
二級線圈外罩或滑板550係示於第十三圖,及可加以修改以便安裝在車輛(560)下側。二級線圈外罩550可包含一外層552,其由合適的材料加以製成,包含非導體、耐磨材料如凱夫拉爾®複合物(Kevlar®)。外層552可提供保護性耐磨層給予二級線圈外罩550。隣近外層552可安置一內層554,或者在內層554及外層552之間可安置其他層體。內層554可由任何合適的材料加以製成,包含非導體玻璃纖維、塑膠或複合物。內層554通常支撐及保護二級線圈540。可選擇的是,二級線圈540可由任何適用於本應用的表面來加以支撐。二級線圈540可包含一內部二級接收器線圈542及一外部二級自由共振線圈544,如第十五圖所示。外部二級自由共振線圈544可連接到一或更多的電容546,其可加以切換,與電能監視器及控制器所控制之調協用的繼電器形成並接或串接。這個構形可改良初級線圈530及二級線圈540之間的電能轉移。第十七圖顯示內層554,其在不具有外層552的構形之
下支撐二級線圈540。回到第十三圖,主要遮蔽層556可安置在二級線圈540上方,保護電子組件隔離感應電能傳輸所產生的磁場。二級遮蔽層558可安置在主要遮蔽層556上方,進一步地保護電子組件隔離磁場。主要遮蔽層556及二級遮蔽層558係可由任何習知的防護材料加以製成,包含任何鐵磁材料。二級線圈外罩550可加以修改而在車輛處於充電位置時降低二級線圈540以便改良初級線圈530及二級線圈540之間的耦合。二級線圈外罩550的移動係可藉由氣動、液壓、機械聯結或任何其他合適的方法來加以完成。這個移動是一種調協方法,其允許系統基於最佳效率來調整以求適當的耦合。
在使用時,車輛可進入一充電區。車輛的輪子可滾過初級充電線圈外罩510,因為初級充電線圈530係由外蓋520加以保護,其如前文所述。車輛的前進可由楔子570加以阻止,其係加以安置而提供初級充電線圈530及二級線圈540之間在長向(前進方向)上的對準,其如第九圖所示。車輪的側邊對準也可使用在本應用中所述的所有或部份的實施例來加以引導及/或調整。車輛進入合適的位置後,初級充電線圈530及二級線圈540可加以對準。初級充電線圈外罩550及/或二級線圈外罩510可在垂直方向上移動,其意指彼此相對/相離,而安置線圈於感應耦合的最佳空間。在此時,車輛可加以充電。應注意的是,若想要額外的自由,可添加額外的防護,防止損失至底盤。這個額外的防護可延伸到圖式所示的地區。
在第八實施例中,如第二十四圖所示,系統中可併
入動物偵測系統及警告或其他阻止器。吾人不想要的是,動物或者其他移動中的物體進入初級充電線圈530及二級線圈540之間的空間。尤其,這樣會減低初級充電線圈530及二級線圈540之間的耦合效率。在充電系統中併入感應器,可偵測到已進入充電區的東西。這樣可激發一警報,震動及/或任何其他阻止裝置。感應器可為任何習用型式的動態-偵測感應器,包含無源紅外線、超音波及微波。可選擇的是,感應器可連接到充電電路,以致於若感應器偵測到移動中的物體,充電電路的啟動可受到阻止。感應器也可以激發一警報、震動及/或其他的阻止器。
VIII.電路及網路
第十八圖顯示電路示意圖,其可用於本發明的任一實施例。AC主電源輸入係顯示於第十八圖,其代號為800。電能供應電路的範例係示於第三十二圖。AC主電源800可連接至降壓轉換器802及升壓轉換器806,其聯結降壓升壓控制器805。降壓轉換器802及升壓轉換器806管理輸入電源,及依照所需控制直流電軌或振幅,以提供合適的電能。降壓轉換器802及升壓轉換器806所用的驅動電路的範例係示於第三十一A~B圖。功率因子校正係可使用降壓升壓系統來加以管理。降壓轉換器802及升壓轉換器806所用的降壓升壓控制器805的範例係示於第三十A~B圖。電能測量電路804及高壓、溫度及相位感應電路814可連接到電能控制及通訊電路810,其接著透過降壓升壓控制器805及電源開關驅動808來調整被傳輸到初級線圈530的電能。該系統使用來自初級及二級線圈的資料來調協、調和及測量合適的操作資料及電能資訊。電能測量電路804及高壓感應、電能、溫度及相
位電路814,允許系統動態地調整,以最佳效率來傳輸精確量的電能,同時藉由監視內部初級驅動線圈532及外部初級自由共振線圈534,來增強安全操作。應注意的是,控制電路係加以設計,為了系統共振頻相對於所選的最佳表現操作頻的改變,可允許調整某範圍的操作頻。系統共振頻可使用已轉換的電容而故意地改變,該電容由控制系統加以控制,而該系統係可在控制系統的初級或二級線圈側上加以調整。電能控制及通訊電路810及電能、溫度及相位感應電路係示意第二十八A~D圖。電能測量電路804的例子係示於第三十一C圖。開關驅動電路808驅動電能開關812提供電能至初級線圈530。開關電路的例子係示於第二十八A~C圖。開關驅動器所用的電源供應器的例子係示於第三十五A~C圖。初級線圈530所用的驅動電路的例子係示於第三十四圖。該系統可包含一或更多的耦合電容807,其位在電能開關812及初級線圈530之間。該系統也可包含數位界面及電能及溫度界面來顯示資料給予使用者。這些特徵電路的例子係示於第三十C圖。初級電路監視器範圍選擇開關的例仔係示於第二十九圖。
二級線圈540接收來自初級線圈530的感應電能。二級線圈540相關的電路的例子係示於第二十六A~B圖。二級線圈540可連接到一整流器及低通濾波器電路820,其整流多種高頻AC電壓成為(在需要時)可以直接被使用來充電到電池的DC電壓,或供應至一DC負載。整流器電路820可連接到一反相器電路822,而需要時轉換DC電壓回到一固定、低頻AC,來取代插頭的需求。固定、低頻AC的例子包含但不限於50、60及400Hz。二級反相器電路的例子係示於第二十七圖。這個構形允許系統在
具有或不具有插頭之下加以操作。例如,車輛可包含一個充電用的插頭或二級線圈。監視、回饋及控制電路824可監視被輸入二級線圈540的電壓、相位及頻率,包含監視內部二級接收器線圈542及外部二級自由共振線圈544。監視、回饋及控制電路824測量反相器電路822的輸入電流,及取決於電源需要,在AC及DC之間加以切換。監視、回饋及控制電路824避免系統同時嚐試供應多重的AC電壓。這個監視器也允許多重電源或一次一個連結,這取決於多重電源是否安全。以這個方式來隔離無線電源可增強系統的安全性。溫度監視電路826可監視二級線圈540的溫度,及高壓感應器828可監視二級線圈540的電壓,包含內部二級接收器線圈542、外部二級自由共振線圈544以及附屬電路。二級溫度板電路的例子係示於第二十五A~C圖,及溫度感應器電路的例子係示於第三十三圖。附屬於二級線圈540的監視器電路可提供回饋給予初級線圈530進行適當的操作,例如,經由監視、回饋及控制電路824。
第十九圖顯示一輸入電壓及電流用的監視系統,其中車輛係適合接收有線及無線的電能。該系統包含兩個電源,初級線圈530及AC電線850。初級線圈530,如前文所述,可經由二級線圈540感應式地傳輸電能至車輛。若AC電能透過AC電線850可以取得,則AC電線850可連接到連接器852。二級線圈540及連接器852兩者皆連接到開關854。電能測量電路858及充電控制電路856可監視輸入條件,及啟動開關854在來自二級線圈540的電能以及來自AC電線850的電能之間加以切換。選擇使用何種電能,係取決於諸多因子,包含可取得自每一電源的電壓。電能
被傳輸到輸入控制器860。依此方式,系統監視輸入條件及切換電能輸入成為充電用的最佳可能條件。
第二十一~二十二圖顯示一車輛網路及一充電網路,其可在本發明之任一實施例中使用。如第二十一圖所示,二級線圈540係連接到無線供應界面600。無線供應界面600係連接到汽車電腦610及/或無線電能供應器640。汽車電腦可經由汽車滙流排620連接到無線電能供應器640。這些裝置的每一者係可彼此互相通訊。如第二十二圖所示,網路650可與汽車、行動裝置630及充電器進行通訊,以取出其獨特的辨識碼。這可能有用於追踪時間、充電地點及價格。該網路也可與行動裝置630進行通訊以取得許可進行充電。如果汽車辨識碼係預先核准的,則不需要透過行動裝置630來取得許可。
第二十三圖為一流程圖,其顯示前述車輛網路及充電網路所用的方法。充電器以睡眠、低能模式等待車輛700,及監視是否有車輛出現710。若車輛出現,則車輛辨識碼提供至充電網路720。若車輛辨識碼係已註冊,則傳送一訊息到行動裝置740要求許可,或若該車輛辨識碼係已事先核准,則開始充電。若車輛辨識碼並未註冊,則該行動裝置辨識碼被分享到充電網路750,及其決定是否該裝置辨識碼係已註冊760。若裝置辨識碼係已註冊,則傳送一訊息到行動裝置740要求許可。若車輛辨識碼並未註冊,則行動裝置及/或車輛需要加以註冊770。為了註冊行動裝置及/或車輛,使用者可以撥通一個號碼或者拜訪充電區所張貼的網址,使充電能夠進行780。接著,一個訊息被傳送到行動裝置要求許可開始充電790,除非該車輛及使用者係已經註冊付費服務。
參考共同申請的美國專利申請第12/349,355號,其於2009年元月六日提申,發明名稱為”Metered Delivery of Wireless Power”,現為美國專利第___號,該專利在本文併入以供參考。要注意的是,參考案的”充電付費”的觀念係可合併到本發明任何實施例中。
以上所述者係本發明目前的實施例。在不離開後附申請專利範圍(其依照專利法原則的解釋係包含均等論)所界定之本發明精神及範圍之下,可以做成許多的更換及改變。要注意的是,上述實施例的任一元件係可與可述實施例的其他者加以結合或交換。請求權利的元件的代號是單複的,例如,使用冠詞”a”、”an”、”the”或”said”,其不得被解釋為限制元件為單數。
10‧‧‧充電系統
50‧‧‧輪楔
70‧‧‧對準軌
74‧‧‧前牆
110‧‧‧初級充電線圈
150‧‧‧車輛
200‧‧‧輪子
Claims (20)
- 一種動態偵測系統,用於偵測在一初級線圈及二級線圈之間的空間內移動的一物體,包括:一感測器,係用於偵測該物體,該感測器係連接至一充電電路,以至於,若一物體被該感測器偵測到,則該初級線圈將不會啟動;一警報器及一震動器之至少一者,係用於促進該物體離開該介於初級線圈及二級線圈之間的空間,其中,當一物體被該感測器偵測到時,該感測器將會啟動該警報器及震動器之至少一者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的動態偵測系統,其中該物體在該初級線圈及二級線圈之間的出現,也將會降低在該初級線圈及二級線圈之間的感應耦合效率。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的動態偵測系統,其中該感測器係一無源紅外線感測器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的動態偵測系統,其中該感測器係一超音波感測器。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的動態偵測系統,其中該感測器係一微波感測器。
- 一種針對包含有二級線圈之車輛來使用的感應充電系統,該感應充電系統包括:一初級線圈,係提供無線電力至該二級線圈,該初級線 圈係與該二級線圈相互隔開;一動態感測器,係偵測介於該初級線圈及二級線圈之間的一物體;及一充電電路,係電耦合至該初級線圈及該動態感測器,該充電電路係加以調整,避免電力從該初級線圈轉移到該二級線圈,以回應該動態感測器偵測到該物體係出現在該初級線圈及二級線圈之間,其中該物體在該初級線圈及二級線圈之間的出現,也將會降低從該初級線圈到該二級線圈之間的電力轉移。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項的感應充電系統,其中該動態感測器係一無源紅外線感測器。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項的感應充電系統,其中該動態感測器係一超音波感測器。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項的感應充電系統,其中該動態感測器係一微波感測器。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項的感應充電系統,進一步包含一警報器,以便促進該物體離開該初級線圈及二級線圈之間的空間。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項的感應充電系統,進一步包含一震動警報器,以便促進該物體離開該初級線圈及二級線圈之間的空間。
- 一種二級線圈支撐結構,包括: 一二級線圈;一內層,用於保護該二級線圈;一外層,係置於該二級線圈的下方,該外層係耐磨的;及一遮蔽層,係安置在該二級線圈上方以便提供保護,對抗在一初級線圈及該二級線圈之間進行感應電力轉移期間所產生的磁場,其中該二級線圈的支撐結構係適合被安裝在一車輛上。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的二級線圈支撐結構,其中該內層係一非導體材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的二級線圈支撐結構,其中該外層係一非導體材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的二級線圈支撐結構,其中該遮蔽層係包含第一遮蔽層及第二遮蔽層。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的二級線圈支撐結構,其中該外層包含醯胺纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的二級線圈支撐結構,其中該內層支撐該二級線圈。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的二級線圈支撐結構,其中該二級線圈包含一內部二級接收線圈及一外部二級自由共振線圈。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項的二級線圈支撐結構,進一步包 含一電容,其係電耦合至該外部二級自由共振線圈。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項的二級線圈支撐結構,其中當該車輛係位在充電位置時,該二級線圈係適合被降下。
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TW201206010A (en) | 2012-02-01 |
GB2488086A (en) | 2012-08-15 |
US20110181240A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
JP6204410B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
US20150069967A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
WO2011084936A3 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
WO2011084936A2 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
JP2015208222A (ja) | 2015-11-19 |
TWI523368B (zh) | 2016-02-21 |
GB2488086B (en) | 2014-11-05 |
CN102695629A (zh) | 2012-09-26 |
KR101912333B1 (ko) | 2018-10-29 |
US8937454B2 (en) | 2015-01-20 |
GB201210594D0 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
JP5763675B2 (ja) | 2015-08-12 |
CN104709105A (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
KR20120125604A (ko) | 2012-11-16 |
TW201616769A (zh) | 2016-05-01 |
US9701212B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
CN102695629B (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
JP2013516949A (ja) | 2013-05-13 |
CN104709105B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
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