TW201514250A - 可固化聚矽氧組合物,其固化產品及光學半導體裝置 - Google Patents
可固化聚矽氧組合物,其固化產品及光學半導體裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201514250A TW201514250A TW103129743A TW103129743A TW201514250A TW 201514250 A TW201514250 A TW 201514250A TW 103129743 A TW103129743 A TW 103129743A TW 103129743 A TW103129743 A TW 103129743A TW 201514250 A TW201514250 A TW 201514250A
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Abstract
本發明係關於可固化聚矽氧組合物,其包括:(A)分子中具有至少兩個烯基之二有機聚矽氧烷,(B)至少兩種類型之具有不同質量平均分子量之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷,(C)分子中具有至少兩個矽鍵結氫原子之有機聚矽氧烷,及(D)矽氫化反應觸媒。該可固化聚矽氧組合物能夠製造以下光學半導體裝置:其中可抑制所得組合物之顯著黏度升高,其中之流動性及封裝特性優良且當用作密封劑時具有優良的氣體障壁特性,且其中即使在有機聚矽氧烷樹脂經摻和以形成具有中等硬度及強度之固化產品時,該裝置亦具有優良的初始光學輸出效率。
Description
本發明係關於可固化聚矽氧組合物、其固化產品及使用該組合物製造之光學半導體裝置。
本發明主張於2013年8月28日提出申請的日本專利申請案第2013-177365號之優先權,該申請案之內容以引用方式併入本文中。
可固化聚矽氧組合物用於光學半導體裝置(例如發光二極體(LED))中之半導體元件之密封劑、保護性塗層材料等。該等可固化聚矽氧組合物之實例包含包括以下各項之可固化聚矽氧組合物:二有機聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有平均兩個或更多個矽鍵結烯基;樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷,其數量平均分子量為2,000至5,000,具有烯基,且包括由式:SiO4/2表示之矽氧烷單元及由式:R2R’SiO1/2(在該式中,R表示缺少脂肪族不飽和鍵之單價烴基團,且R’表示烯基)表示之矽氧烷單元;有機氫聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有平均三個或更多個矽鍵結氫原子;助黏劑;及矽氫化反應觸媒(參見專利文件1),及包括以下各項之可固化聚矽氧組合物:二有機聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有至少兩個矽鍵結烯基;樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷,其包括:由式:SiO4/2表示之矽氧烷單元、由式:(CH2=CH)R2SiO1/2(在該式中,R具有與上述相同之意義)表示之矽氧烷單元及由式:R3SiO1/2(在該式中,R具有與上述相同
之意義)表示之矽氧烷單元;有機氫聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有至少兩個矽鍵結氫原子;及鉑金屬觸媒(參見專利文件2及3)。
儘管可藉由增加此一可固化聚矽氧組合物中樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷之含量衍生出具有極小表面黏性、中等硬度及中等強度之固化產品,但所得組合物仍具有顯著較高之黏度以及低流動性及封裝特性之缺陷。
為抑制黏度升高並增強流動性及封裝特性,專利文件4提出包括以下各項之可固化聚矽氧組合物:二有機聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有至少兩個烯基;至少兩種類型之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷,其具有不同的質量平均分子量且包括:由式:SiO4/2表示之矽氧烷單元、由式:R2R'SiO1/2(在該式中,R及R’具有與上述相同之意義)表示之矽氧烷單元及由式:R3SiO1/2(在該式中,R具有與上述相同之意義)表示之矽氧烷單元;有機聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有至少兩個矽鍵結氫原子;及矽氫化反應觸媒。
然而,由於固化產品之高透氣性,該等可固化聚矽氧組合物遭受密封劑褪色及亮度下降,此乃因當使用該等可固化聚矽氧組合物作為具有較強發熱及較高光學強度之高亮度LED之密封劑時,腐蝕性氣體會腐蝕電鍍在LED板上之銀。另一問題在於當將大量螢光劑摻和於該等可固化聚矽氧組合物中用作LED密封劑時,光學輸出效率下降。
專利文件1:日本未審查專利申請公開案第2000-129132號
專利文件2:日本未審查專利申請公開案第2000-198930號
專利文件3:日本未審查專利申請公開案第2001-002922號
專利文件4:日本未審查專利申請公開案第2007-131694號
本發明之目標係提供使得能夠製造以下光學半導體裝置之可固化聚矽氧組合物:其中可抑制所得組合物之顯著黏度升高,其中流動性及封裝特性優良且在用作密封劑時具有優良的氣體障壁特性,且即使在樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷經摻和以形成具有中等硬度及強度之固化產品時該裝置亦具有顯著的光學輸出效率。
本發明之可固化聚矽氧組合物包括:(A)二有機聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有至少兩個烯基且含有由式:R1 2SiO2/2(在該式中,R1表示芳基)表示之矽氧烷單元;(B)至少兩種類型之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷,其基於標準聚苯乙烯轉換凝膠滲透層析具有不同的質量平均分子量且包括:由式:SiO4/2表示之矽氧烷單元、由式:R2 2R3SiO1/2(在該式中,R2表示缺少脂肪族不飽和鍵之單價烴基團,且R3表示烯基)表示之矽氧烷單元及由式:R2 3SiO1/2(在該式中,R2具有與上述相同之意義)表示之矽氧烷單元,其量為10至100質量份數/100質量份數組份(A);(C)分子中具有至少兩個矽鍵結氫原子之有機聚矽氧烷,其量應使組份(C)中矽鍵結氫原子之量為組份(A)及(B)中之每1mol總烯基0.1mol至10mol;及(D)催化量之矽氫化反應觸媒。
此外,本發明之固化產品係藉由固化上文所提及之可固化聚矽氧組合物來形成。
此外,本發明光學半導體裝置之特徵在於光學半導體元件經上文所提及可固化聚矽氧組合物之固化產品密封之事實。
即使納入樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷以形成具有中等硬度及強度之固
化產品,仍可抑制本發明可固化聚矽氧組合物中所得組合物之顯著黏度升高。此外,流動性及封裝特性優良。在將此用作密封劑時氣體障壁特性顯著,且可製造具有優良的初始光學輸出效率之光學半導體裝置。
1‧‧‧光學半導體元件
2‧‧‧導線框架
3‧‧‧導線框架
4‧‧‧接合線
5‧‧‧框架材料
6‧‧‧固化產品
圖1係為本發明光學半導體裝置之實例之LED的剖視圖。
圖2係為本發明固化產品之實例之透鏡的剖視圖。
首先,將詳細闡述本發明之可固化聚矽氧組合物。
組份(A)係此組合物之主要材料,且係分子中具有至少兩個烯基並含有由式:R1 2SiO2/2表示之矽氧烷單元之二有機聚矽氧烷。組份(A)之分子結構基本上為直鏈,但分子鏈之部分可具有一些分枝。組份(A)中烯基之實例包含乙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基、丁烯基、己烯基及環己烯基,且乙烯基較佳。並不限制烯基之鍵結位置。該位置可為例如分子鏈之末端及/或分子鏈之側鏈。此外,組份(A)中除烯基外可鍵結至矽原子之基團的實例包含烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基;芳基,例如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基;芳烷基,例如苄基或苯乙基;及鹵化烷基,例如3-氯丙基及3,3,3-三氟丙基。較佳實例包含甲基及苯基。此外,組份(A)含有由式:R1 2SiO2/2表示之矽氧烷單元。在該式中,R1表示以苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基及萘基為代表之芳基。苯基較佳。組份(A)較佳將含有二苯基矽氧烷單元。此外,並不特定限制組份(A)之黏度。在25℃下之黏度較佳將介於100mPa.s至1,000,000mPa.s範圍內或介於100mPa.s至100,000mPa.s範圍內。
組份(A)之實例包含二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經二甲基乙烯基矽氧基封端之共聚物、二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經甲基乙烯基苯基矽氧基封端之共聚物、二甲基矽氧烷
與二萘基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經二甲基乙烯基矽氧基封端之共聚物、二甲基矽氧烷、甲基乙烯基矽氧烷及二苯基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經二甲基乙烯基矽氧基封端之共聚物、二甲基矽氧烷、甲基苯基矽氧烷及二苯基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經二甲基乙烯基矽氧基封端之共聚物、甲基乙烯基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經三甲基矽氧基封端之共聚物、二甲基矽氧烷、甲基乙烯基矽氧烷及二苯基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經三甲基矽氧基封端之共聚物以及該等中兩者或更多者之混合物。
由以下通式表示之二有機聚矽氧烷較佳作為組份(A)。
在該式中,R1表示與上文所提及相同之芳基。此外,在該式中,R3表示以乙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基、丁烯基、己烯基及環己烯基為代表之烯基。乙烯基較佳。此外,在該式中,R4表示單價烴基團,例如由甲基、乙基、丙基表示之烷基;由乙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基、丁烯基、己烯基、環己烯基表示之烯基;由苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基表示之芳基;由苄基及苯乙基表示之芳烷基;由3-氯丙基及3,3,3-三氟丙基表示之鹵化烷基。甲基及苯基較佳。此外,在該式中,R5表示除芳基外之單價烴基團,例如由甲基、乙基、丙基表示之烷基;由乙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基、丁烯基、己烯基、環己烯基表示之烯基;及由3-氯丙基及3,3,3-三氟丙基表示之鹵化烷基。甲基較佳。
此外,在該式中,m表示1至800之整數,n表示1至400之整數,同時m n且5 m+n 1,000。較佳地,m表示1至600之整數,n表示
1至300之整數,同時m n且5 m+n 750。另一選擇為,m表示5至500之整數,n表示1至250之整數,同時m n且5 m+n 500。原因在於當n大於或等於上文所提及之最小值時所得固化產品之折射率升高,同時若n小於或等於上文所提及之最大值,則所得組合物之處置操作效率增強。
以下二有機聚矽氧烷說明組份(A)。在該等式中,Me、Vi、Ph、Naph分別表示甲基、乙烯基、苯基及萘基,同時m及n具有與上述相同之意義。
ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)m(Ph2SiO)nSiMe2Vi
ViMe2SiO(MePhSiO)m(Ph2SiO)nSiMe2Vi
ViPhMeSiO(Me2SiO)m(Ph2SiO)nSiPhMeVi
ViPhMeSiO(MePhSiO)m(Ph2SiO)nSiPhMeVi
ViPh2SiO(Me2SiO)m(Ph2SiO)nSiPh2Vi
ViPh2SiO(MePhSiO)m(Ph2SiO)nSiPh2Vi
ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)m(Naph2SiO)nSiMe2Vi
ViMe2SiO(MePhSiO)m(Naph2SiO)nSiMe2Vi
ViPhMeSiO(Me2SiO)m(Naph2SiO)nSiPhMeVi
ViPhMeSiO(MePhSiO)m(Naph2SiO)nSiPhMeVi
ViPh2SiO(Me2SiO)m(Naph2SiO)nSiPh2Vi
ViPh2SiO(MePhSiO)m(Naph2SiO)nSiPh2Vi
業內並不限制製備該組份(A)之方法。實例包含由以下通式表示之矽烷化合物(I-1)之酸或鹼存在下之水解/縮合反應:R4R5SiX2,由以下通式表示之矽烷化合物(I-2):R1 2SiX2,由以下通式表示之環狀矽氧烷化合物(II-1):
(R4R5SiO)p,及由以下通式表示之環狀矽氧烷化合物(II-2):(R1 2SiO)r,或由以下通式表示之直鏈有機矽氧烷(III-1):HO(R4R5SiO)m’H,由以下通式表示之直鏈有機矽氧烷(III-2):HO(R1 2SiO)n’H,由以下通式表示之二矽氧烷(IV):R3R4 2SiOSiR4 2R3,及/或由以下通式表示之矽烷化合物(V):R3R4 2SiX。
在該式中,R1表示芳基且具有與上述相同之意義。在該式中,R3表示烯基且具有與上述相同之意義。在該式中,R4表示單價烴基團且具有與上述相同之意義。在該式中,R5表示除芳基外之單價烴基團且具有與上述相同之意義。在該式中,m’及n’表示1至100之整數。在該式中,p及r表示3或更大之整數。在該式中,X表示烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基;醯氧基,例如乙醯氧基;鹵素原子,例如氯原子或溴原子;或羥基。
上文所提及矽烷化合物(I-1)之實例包含二烷氧基矽烷,例如二甲基二甲氧基矽烷、二乙基二甲氧基矽烷、二丙基二甲氧基矽烷、甲基乙基二甲氧基矽烷、苯基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、二甲基二乙氧基矽烷、二乙基二乙氧基矽烷、二丙基二乙氧基矽烷、甲基乙基二乙氧基矽烷、苯基甲基二乙氧基矽烷;二鹵基矽烷,例如二甲基二氯矽烷、二乙基二氯矽烷、二丙基二氯矽烷、甲基乙基二氯矽烷、苯基甲基二氯矽烷;及二羥基矽烷,例如二甲基二羥基矽烷、二乙基二羥基矽烷、二丙基二羥基矽烷、甲基乙基二羥基矽烷、苯基甲基二羥基矽烷。
上文所提及矽烷化合物(I-2)之實例包含二烷氧基矽烷,例如二苯基二甲氧基矽烷、二萘基二甲氧基矽烷、二苯基二乙氧基矽烷、二萘基二乙氧基矽烷;二鹵基矽烷,例如二苯基二氯矽烷、二萘基二氯矽烷;二羥基矽烷,例如二苯基二羥基矽烷、二萘基二羥基矽烷。
上文所提及環狀矽氧烷化合物(II-1)之實例包含環狀二有機矽氧烷,例如環狀二甲基矽氧烷、環狀二乙基矽氧烷、環狀甲基苯基矽氧烷、環狀甲基萘基矽氧烷。
上文所提及環狀矽氧烷化合物(II-2)之實例包含環狀二有機矽氧烷,例如環狀二苯基矽氧烷及環狀二萘基矽氧烷。
上文所提及直鏈有機矽氧烷(III-1)之實例包含兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二有機矽氧烷,例如兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二甲基聚矽氧烷、兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二乙基聚矽氧烷、兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二丙基聚矽氧烷及兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之甲基苯基聚矽氧烷。
上文所提及直鏈有機矽氧烷(III-2)之實例包含兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二有機矽氧烷,例如兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二苯基聚矽氧烷及兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二萘基聚矽氧烷。
上文所提及二矽氧烷(IV)之實例包含1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷、1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四乙基二矽氧烷、1,3-二乙烯基-1,3-二甲基-1,3-二苯基二矽氧烷及1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二矽氧烷。
上文所提及矽烷化合物(V)之實例包含烷氧基矽烷,例如乙烯基二甲基甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基二乙基甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基苯基甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基萘基甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基二苯基甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基二甲基乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基苯基乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基萘基乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基二苯基乙氧基矽烷;乙醯氧基矽烷,例如乙烯
基二甲基乙醯氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基苯基乙醯氧基矽烷、乙烯基甲基萘基乙醯氧基矽烷、乙烯基二苯基乙醯氧基矽烷;鹵基矽烷,例如乙烯基二甲基氯矽烷、乙烯基甲基苯基氯矽烷、乙烯基甲基萘基氯矽烷、乙烯基二苯基氯矽烷;羥基矽烷,例如乙烯基二甲基羥基矽烷、乙烯基甲基苯基羥基矽烷、乙烯基甲基萘基羥基矽烷、乙烯基二苯基羥基矽烷。
上文所提及酸之實例包含鹽酸、乙酸、甲酸、硝酸、草酸、硫酸、磷酸、聚磷酸、多元羧酸、三氟甲烷磺酸及離子交換樹脂。
上文所提及鹼之實例包含氫氧化物,例如氫氧化鈉及氫氧化鉀;氧化物,例如氧化鎂及氧化鈣。
此外,有機溶劑可用於上述製備方法中。可使用有機溶劑之實例包含芳香族或脂肪族烴及其兩種或更多種類型之混合物。較佳有機溶劑之實例包含甲苯及二甲苯。
可在上文所提及之製備方法中藉由使用大量溶劑萃取或藉由在高溫下在真空下移除來移除揮發性部分,例如未反應之環狀矽氧烷化合物。揮發性部分之含量應不大於10質量%,且不大於5質量%之含量較佳。
組份(B)係賦予此組合物之固化產品中等硬度及強度之組份,且係由式:SiO4/2表示之矽氧烷單元、由式:R2 2R3SiO1/2表示之矽氧烷及由式:R2 3SiO1/2表示之矽氧烷單元組成的樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷。在該式中,R2表示缺少脂肪族不飽和鍵之單價烴基團,以烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基;芳基,例如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基;芳烷基,例如苄基及苯乙基;及鹵化烷基,例如3-氯丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基為代表。合意基團係甲基及苯基。在該式中,R3表示烯基,以乙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基、丁烯基、己烯基及環己烯基為代表。合意基團係乙烯基。
此外,組份(B)構成至少兩種類型之基於標準聚苯乙烯轉換凝膠滲透層析具有不同質量平均分子量之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷。較佳實例係兩種類型之質量平均分子量之差為至少1,000之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷、兩種類型之質量平均分子量之差為至少1,500之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷或兩種類型之質量平均分子量之差為至少2,000之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷。儘管並不特定限制高分子量成份與低分子量成份之比例,但當組份(B)包括兩種類型之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷時,質量比(高分子量成份之質量:低分子量成份之質量)應介於50:50至5:95範圍內。並不特定限制組份(B)基於標準聚苯乙烯轉換凝膠滲透層析之質量平均分子量,但100至10,000之範圍較佳。
組份(B)之含量將介於10至100質量份數/100質量份數組份(A)範圍內,較佳介於20至100質量份數範圍內。此乃因若組份(B)之含量低於上文所提及之最小值,則所得固化產品之硬度下降且形成表面黏性,同時若超過上文所提及之最大值,則所得組合物之黏度變得極高,且所得固化產品之硬度變得極高。
組份(C)係組合物之交聯劑,且係分子中具有至少兩個矽鍵結氫原子之有機聚矽氧烷。組份(C)之分子結構可為直鏈、具有部分分枝之直鏈、具支鏈、環狀或樹脂狀。直鏈、具有部分分枝之直鏈或樹脂狀較佳。並不特定限制組份(C)中矽鍵結氫原子之鍵結位點。例如,分子鏈之末端及/或分子鏈之側鏈係允許的。組份(C)中除氫原子外鍵結至矽原子之基團之實例包含烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基;芳基,例如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基;芳烷基,例如苄基及苯乙基;及鹵化烷基,例如3-氯丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基。較佳實例係甲基及苯基。此外,並不特定限制組份(C)之黏度,且在25℃下之黏度較佳介於1mPa.s至10,000mPa.s範圍內,較佳介於1mPa.s至1,000mPa.s範圍內。
組份(C)之實例包含1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷、1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、叁(二甲基氫矽氧基)甲基矽烷、叁(二甲基氫矽氧基)苯基矽烷、1-縮水甘油氧基丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、1,5-二縮水甘油氧基丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、1-縮水甘油氧基丙基-5-三甲氧基矽基乙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基環四矽氧烷、兩個分子端經三甲基矽氧基封端之甲基氫聚矽氧烷、二甲基矽氧烷與甲基氫矽氧烷之兩個分子端經三甲基矽氧基封端之共聚物、兩個分子端經二甲基氫矽氧基封端之二甲基聚矽氧烷、二甲基矽氧烷與甲基氫矽氧烷之兩個分子端經二甲基氫矽氧基封端之共聚物、甲基氫矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經三甲基矽氧基封端之共聚物、甲基氫矽氧烷、二苯基矽氧烷及二甲基矽氧烷之兩個分子端經三甲基矽氧基封端之共聚物、三甲氧基矽烷之水解縮合物、由(CH3)2HSiO1/2單元及SiO4/2單元組成之共聚物、由(CH3)2HSiO1/2單元、SiO4/2單元及(C6H5)SiO3/2單元組成之共聚物以及該等中兩者或更多者之混合物。
組份(C)之含量應介於組份(A)及(B)中之每1莫耳總烯基此組份中之0.1mol至10mol矽鍵結氫原子。0.5mol至5mol之範圍較佳。此乃因若組份(C)之含量低於上文所提及範圍之最小值則所得組合物無法充分固化,同時若超過上文所提及之最大值則所得組合物之耐熱性往往下降。
組份(D)係用於促進組合物固化之矽氫化反應觸媒。實例包含基於鉑之觸媒、基於銠之觸媒及基於鈀之觸媒。基於鉑之觸媒較佳。基於鉑之觸媒之實例包含鉑化合物,例如鉑粉、鉑黑、鉑負載二氧化矽細粉、鉑負載活性碳、氯鉑酸、氯鉑酸之醇溶液、鉑之烯烴錯合物及鉑之烯基矽氧烷錯合物。
組份(D)之含量為催化量。較佳地,以觸媒中金屬原子之質量單位計,該含量將介於相對於此組合物0.01ppm至1,000ppm範圍內。此
乃因擔心若組份(D)之含量低於上文所提及範圍之最小值,則所得組合物之固化無法充分進行,同時明顯地將無法進行固化,但擔心若含量超過上文所提及範圍之最大值,則將出現固化產品之著色問題。
組合物包括至少上文所提及之組份(A)至(D),但亦允許(E)含鈰有機聚矽氧烷作為另一任意成份,以抑制所得固化產品因熱老化所致之裂紋。組份(E)可藉由使氯化鈰或羧酸之鈰鹽與含矽醇基團之有機聚矽氧烷之鹼金屬鹽反應來製備。
上文所提及羧酸之鈰鹽之實例包含2-乙基己酸鈰、環烷酸鈰、油酸鈰、月桂酸鈰及硬脂酸鈰。
上文所提及含矽醇基團之有機聚矽氧烷之鹼金屬鹽的實例包含兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二有機聚矽氧烷之鉀鹽、兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端之二有機聚矽氧烷之鈉鹽、一個分子端經矽醇基團封端且另一分子端經三有機矽氧基封端之二有機聚矽氧烷之鉀鹽及一個分子端經矽醇基團封端且另一分子端經三有機矽氧基封端之二有機聚矽氧烷之鈉鹽。有機聚矽氧烷中與矽原子鍵結之基團之實例包含具有1至12個碳之烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、新戊基、己基、環己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基及十二烷基;具有6至20個碳之芳基,例如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基及萘基;具有7至20個碳之芳烷基,例如苄基、苯乙基及苯基丙基;及其中該等基團之一些或所有氫原子經鹵素原子(例如氟原子、氯原子或溴原子)取代之基團。
上述反應係在室溫下或藉由在醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇或丁醇);芳香族烴(例如甲苯或二甲苯);脂肪族烴(例如己烷或庚烷);及有機溶劑(例如礦油精、石油英或石油醚)中加熱來實施。較佳蒸餾掉有機溶劑或低沸點組份或視需要自所得反應產物過濾任一沈澱。為加速此反應,可添加二烷基甲醯胺、己烷基磷醯胺或諸如此類。以此方
式製備之含鈰有機聚矽氧烷中鈰原子之含量應介於1質量%至5質量%範圍內。
並不特定限制組份(E)之含量,但以鈰原子對此組合物之質量單位計,其較佳介於10ppm至2,000ppm範圍內,更佳介於20ppm至2,000ppm範圍內,仍更佳介於20ppm至1,000ppm範圍內,且最佳介於20ppm至500ppm範圍內。此乃因若組份(E)之含量大於或等於上文所提及範圍之最小值則可增強所得組合物之耐熱性,同時若含量小於或等於上文所提及範圍之最大值,則當其用於光學半導體裝置中時可減小發光色度變化。
本發明組合物亦可含有(F)矽氫化反應抑制劑作為可選組份用於延長在室溫下之可用時間且改良儲存穩定性。此一組份(F)之實例包含炔烴醇,例如1-乙炔基環己-1-醇、2-甲基-3-丁炔-2-醇、3,5-二甲基-1-己炔-3-醇及2-苯基-3-丁炔-2-醇;烯炔化合物,例如3-甲基-3-戊烯-1-炔及3,5-二甲基-3-己烯-1-炔;甲基烯基矽氧烷寡聚物,例如1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基環四矽氧烷及1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四己烯基環四矽氧烷;炔氧基矽烷,例如二甲基雙(3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-氧基)矽烷及甲基乙烯基雙(3-甲基-1-丁炔-3-氧基)矽烷及三烯丙基異氰尿酸酯化合物。
並不特定限制組份(F)之含量。較佳地,其將介於上文所提及0.01至3質量份數/總共100質量份數之組份(A)至(C)範圍內,更佳0.01至1質量份數。此乃因若組份(F)之含量大於或等於上文所提及範圍之最小值則組合物具有中等可用持續時間,同時若含量小於或等於上文所提及範圍之最大值則其具有中等操作效率。
此外,本發明組合物亦可含有(G)助黏劑,以進一步改良在固化期間與組合物所接觸之基板之黏著。此一組份(G)較佳係分子中具有1個或2個或更多個矽鍵結烷氧基之有機矽化合物。烷氧基之實例包含
甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基及甲氧基乙氧基,且甲氧基或乙氧基尤佳。除烷氧基外與此有機矽化合物之矽原子鍵結之基團的實例包含經取代或未經取代之單價烴基團,例如烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基及鹵化烷基;縮水甘油氧基烷基,例如3-縮水甘油氧基丙基及4-縮水甘油氧基丁基;環氧基環己基烷基,例如2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基及3-(3,4-環氧基環己基)丙基;環氧乙烷基烷基,例如4-環氧乙烷基丁基及8-環氧乙烷基辛基;含有丙烯酸基團之單價有機基團,例如3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基;異氰酸酯基團;異氰尿酸酯基團;及氫原子。
有機矽化合物較佳具有可與本發明組合物中之脂肪族不飽和烴基團或矽鍵結氫原子反應之基團。特定而言,有機矽化合物較佳具有矽鍵結脂肪族不飽和氫原子或矽鍵結氫原子。此有機矽化合物之分子結構可為直鏈、具有部分分枝之直鏈、具支鏈、環狀或網狀。直鏈、具支鏈及網狀尤佳。該等有機矽化合物之實例包含矽烷化合物,例如3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、2-(3,4-環氧基環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷;分子中具有矽鍵結烯基或矽鍵結氫原子中之至少一者及至少一個矽鍵結烷氧基之矽氧烷化合物;具有至少一個矽鍵結烷氧基之矽烷化合物或矽氧烷化合物及分子中具有至少一個矽鍵結羥基及至少一個矽鍵結烯基之矽氧烷化合物的混合物;由以下平均單元式表示之矽氧烷化合物:
(在該式中,a、b及c為正數);及由以下平均單元式表示之矽氧烷化合物:
(在該式中,a、b、c及d為正數)。助黏劑較佳係低黏度液體。儘管並不特定限制黏度,但其應介於在25℃下1mPa.s至500mPa.s範圍內。
並不特定限制組份(G)之含量。較佳地,其介於0.01至10質量份數/總共100質量份數之組份(A)至(C)範圍內,較佳介於0.1至3質量份數範圍內。此乃因當組份(G)之含量大於或等於上述範圍之下限時黏著較為有利,且當含量小於或等於上述範圍之上限時儲存穩定性較為有利。
此外,此組合物可含有(H)螢光物質作為另一任意成份。此一組份(H)之實例包含例如由氧化物螢光物質、氧氮化物螢光物質、氮化物螢光物質、硫化物螢光物質、氧硫化物螢光物質或諸如此類組成之發黃光、紅光、綠光及藍光之螢光物質,其廣泛用於發光二極體(LED)中。氧化物螢光物質之實例包含含有鈰離子之釔、鋁及石榴石型YAG發綠光至黃光螢光物質;含有鈰離子之鋱、鋁及石榴石型TAG發黃光螢光物質;且含有鈰或銪離子之矽酸鹽發綠光至黃光螢光物質。氧氮化物螢光物質之實例包含含有銪離子之矽、鋁、氧及氮型SiAlON發紅光至綠光螢光物質。氮化物螢光物質之實例包含含有銪離子之鈣、鍶、鋁、矽及氮型CASN發紅光螢光物質。硫化物螢光物質之實例包含含有銅離子或鋁離子之ZnS發綠光螢光物質。氧硫化物螢光物質之實例包含含有銪離子之Y2O2S發紅光螢光物質。可使用該等螢光材料中之一種類型或2種或更多種類型之混合物。
並不特定限制組份(H)之平均粒徑。較佳地,其介於1μm至50μm、較佳5μm至20μm範圍內。此乃因若組份(H)之平均粒徑大於或等於上文所提及範圍之最小值則抑制混合期間之黏度升高,同時若直徑小於或等於上文所提及範圍之最大值則透光性良好。
並不特定限制組份(H)之含量,但佔此組合物之0.1質量%至70質
量%之範圍合意。當考慮到處置操作效率時不大於70質量%之含量較佳,且當考慮到至白光之光學轉換率時不小於5質量%之含量較佳。
組合物具有優良的流動性及封裝特性。端視應用,並不特定限制其黏度,但在25℃下100mPa.s至500,000mPa.s之範圍較佳,且100mPa.s至100,000mPa.s之範圍尤其合意。
現將詳細闡述本發明之固化產品。
本發明之固化產品係藉由固化上述可固化聚矽氧組合物來形成。並不具體限制本發明固化產品之形狀,且實例包含片狀、膜狀、凸透鏡狀、凹透鏡狀、菲涅爾透鏡(Fresnel lens)狀、截錐狀及方錐台。本發明固化產品可經單獨處置或呈其中其覆蓋、密封或黏著光學半導體元件或諸如此類的狀態。為本發明固化產品實例之透鏡之剖視圖圖解說明於圖2中。
現將詳細解釋本發明之光學半導體裝置。
本發明之光學半導體裝置係藉由使用上述可固化聚矽氧組合物之固化產品密封光學半導體元件來製造。本發明之此一光學半導體裝置之實例包含發光二極體(LED)、光耦合器及CCD。發光二極體(LED)之實例包含SMD(表面安裝裝置)型及COB(板上晶片)型。SMD之實例包含俯視型及側視型。光學半導體元件之實例包含發光二極體(LED)晶片及固態影像感測裝置。發光二極體晶片之實例包含面向上型及倒裝晶片型。此外,發光二極體晶片之實例包含含有Ga-As之紅外LED晶片、含有Ga-Al-As之紅色LED晶片、含有Ga-As-P之橙色或黃色LED晶片、含有氮摻雜Ga-As之黃色LED晶片及含有鎵氮化物化合物之藍色或淺藍色-紫外LED晶片。
圖1圖解說明單一表面安裝型LED之剖視圖,該LED係本發明光學半導體裝置之一實例。在圖1所圖解說明之LED中,光學半導體元件1黏晶至導線框架2,且藉由接合線4線接合半導體元件1與導線框架
3。此外,可在光學半導體元件1之周邊周圍附加框架材料5。藉由本發明可固化聚矽氧組合物之固化產品6密封框架材料5內側上之光學半導體元件1。此外,可使用另一可固化聚矽氧組合物之固化產品覆蓋固化產品6之表面。用於框架材料之材料之實例包含芳香族聚醯胺樹脂、脂肪族環狀聚醯胺樹脂、脂肪族聚醯胺樹脂、液晶聚合物、聚矽氧樹脂、經修飾聚矽氧樹脂、環氧樹脂及經修飾環氧樹脂。
製造如圖1中所顯示之表面安裝型LED之方法係將光學半導體元件1黏晶至導線框架2。將此光學半導體元件1及導線框架3線接合至金接合線4。然後,將本發明之可固化聚矽氧組合物封裝在安裝在光學半導體元件1周邊周圍之框架材料5之內側上。最後,此將藉由加熱至50℃至200℃之溫度來固化。
下文將使用實例詳細闡述本發明之可固化聚矽氧組合物、其固化產品及光學半導體裝置。在實例中,黏度係指在25℃下之黏度,且Me、Vi及Ph分別表示甲基、乙烯基及苯基。如下量測可固化聚矽氧組合物之固化產品之特徵。
藉由在循環熱空氣爐中在150℃下將可固化聚矽氧組合物加熱2小時來製造固化產品。使用折射計來量測此固化產品在25℃、633nm波長下之折射率。
在150℃下使用壓機將可固化聚矽氧組合物固化2小時,以完成1mm厚之膜固化產品之製造。使用來自Systech Illinois之透氧性量測設備(型號8001)來量測此膜固化產品在23℃下之透氧性。
使用含有螢光物質之可固化聚矽氧組合物製造圖1中所顯示之光
學半導體裝置。藉由在150℃下加熱2小時來固化可固化聚矽氧組合物。藉由使用積分球之總輻射通量量測設備來量測所得光學半導體裝置之輻射通量。
藉由在150℃下將可固化聚矽氧組合物加熱2小時來製造固化產品。經由動態分析儀量測此固化產品在25℃下之儲存彈性模數,然後,在170℃下在爐中將固化產品儲存100小時,此後以與先前相同之方式量測儲存彈性模數。發現相對於初始硬度之變化率。
將總共336.2g環狀二苯基矽氧烷、502.6g環狀二甲基矽氧烷、10.5g 1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷及0.25g氫氧化鉀澆注至反應容器中,然後將容器加熱至150℃。在溫度達到150℃後使內容物反應7小時。然後,添加預定量之乙烯基二甲基氯矽烷以中和內容物,然後在真空下移除低沸點部分。產品為無色且透明的,具有1.48之折射率及4.5Pa.s之黏度。其係二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)120(Ph2SiO)30SiMe2Vi
將總共244.3g環狀二苯基聚矽氧烷、593.6g環狀二甲基聚矽氧烷、11.5g 1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷及0.25g氫氧化鉀澆注至反應容器中,然後將容器加熱至150℃。在溫度達到150℃後使內容物反應7小時。然後,添加預定量之乙烯基二甲基氯矽烷以中和內容物,然後在真空下移除低沸點部分。產品為無色且透明的,具有1.46之折射率及2.4Pa.s之黏度。其係二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)130(Ph2SiO)20SiMe2Vi
將總共338.6g環狀二苯基聚矽氧烷、506.2g環狀二甲基聚矽氧烷、5.3g 1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-二甲基二矽氧烷及0.26g氫氧化鉀澆注至反應容器中,然後將容器加熱至150℃。在溫度達到150℃後使內容物反應7小時。然後,添加預定量之乙烯基二甲基氯矽烷以中和內容物,然後在真空下移除低沸點部分。產品為無色且透明的,具有1.48之折射率及10.4Pa.s之黏度。其係二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)240(Ph2SiO)60SiMe2Vi
將總共246.3g環狀二苯基聚矽氧烷、598.4g環狀二甲基聚矽氧烷、5.78g 1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-二甲基二矽氧烷及0.26g氫氧化鉀澆注至反應容器中,然後將容器加熱至150℃。在溫度達到150℃後使內容物反應7小時。然後,添加預定量之乙烯基二甲基氯矽烷以中和內容物,然後在真空下移除低沸點部分。產品為無色且透明的,具有1.46之折射率及5.8Pa.s之黏度。其係二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)260(Ph2SiO)40SiMe2Vi
使用表1中所顯示組合物之以下組份(質量份數)製備可固化聚矽氧組合物。表1中組份(D)之含量係經由鉑金屬相對於可固化聚矽氧組合物以質量單位計之含量(ppm)來顯示。類似地,表1中組份(E)之含量係經由鈰原子相對於可固化聚矽氧組合物以質量單位計之含量(ppm)來顯示。表1中之H/Vi表示組份(C)中之矽原子鍵結氫原子相對於組份(A)及組份(B)中之總共1mol乙烯基的莫耳數。
使用以下組份作為組份(A)。
組份(A-1):二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之在參考實例1中製備且由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)120(Ph2SiO)30SiMe2Vi
組份(A-2):二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之在參考實例2中製備且由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)130(Ph2SiO)20SiMe2Vi
組份(A-3):二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之在參考實例3中製備且由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)240(Ph2SiO)60SiMe2Vi
組份(A-4):二甲基矽氧烷與二苯基矽氧烷之在參考實例4中製備且由下式表示之共聚物:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)260(Ph2SiO)40SiMe2Vi
組份(A-5):由下式表示之黏度為2,000mPa.s之二甲基聚矽氧烷:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)300SiMe2Vi
組份(A-6):由下式表示之黏度為380mPa.s之二甲基聚矽氧烷:ViMe2SiO(Me2SiO)150SiMe2Vi
使用以下組份作為組份(B)。
組份(B-1):有機聚矽氧烷樹脂,其具有以下平均單元式:(Me2ViSiO1/2)0.1(Me3SiO1/2)0.4(SiO4/2)0.5
及基於標準聚苯乙烯轉換凝膠滲透層析3,000之質量平均分子量。
組份(B-2):有機聚矽氧烷樹脂,其具有以下平均單元式:(Me2ViSiO1/2)0.15(Me3SiO1/2)0.45(SiO4/2)0.4
及基於標準聚苯乙烯轉換凝膠滲透層析質量1,500之平均分子量。
使用以下組份作為組份(C)。
組份(C-1):有機聚矽氧烷,其具有以下平均單元式:(SiO4/2)0.60[(CH3)2HSiO1/2]0.40
及20mPa.s之黏度。
組份(C-2):有機聚矽氧烷,其具有以下平均單元式:(Me2HSiO1/2)0.6(PhSiO3/2)0.4
及30mPa.s之黏度。
使用以下組份作為組份(D)。
組份(D-1):鉑-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物於1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四乙烯基環四矽氧烷中之溶液(該溶液含有0.1質量%之鉑)
使用以下組份作為組份(E)。
組份(E-1):鈰含量為1.4質量%之含鈰二甲基聚矽氧烷。
使用以下組份作為組份(F)。
組份(F-1):1-乙炔基環己醇
使用以下組份作為組份(G)。
組份(G-1):助黏劑,其包括兩個分子端經矽醇基團封端且黏度為30mPa.s之甲基乙烯基矽氧烷寡聚物與3-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷的縮合反應產物。
使用以下組份作為組份(H)。
組份(H-1):平均粒徑為13μm之綠色鋁酸鹽螢光物質。
組份(H-2):平均粒徑為15μm之紅色氮化物螢光物質。
藉由組合表2中所顯示組合物(質量份數)之上文所提及組份製備可固化聚矽氧組合物。使用該等可固化聚矽氧組合物製造圖1中所顯
示之光學半導體裝置。在150℃下在爐中藉由加熱2小時來固化可固化聚矽氧組合物。此後,藉由使用積分球之總輻射通量量測設備來量測初始光通量。將比較實例4之初始光通量視為100%來計算光通量之初始變化率。
甚至在將有機聚矽氧烷樹脂納入本發明之可固化聚矽氧組合物中以形成具有中等硬度及強度之聚矽氧固化產品時,仍可抑制所得組
合物之顯著黏度升高。此外,流動性及封裝特性優良,且當用作LED密封劑時,其具有優良的氣體障壁特性。可增強光學半導體裝置之初始光學輸出效率。因此,本發明之可固化聚矽氧組合物可用作各種類型之電/電子組件中之密封劑-填充劑。具體而言,當本發明之固化產品透明時,其可用作通過其透光(例如可見光、紅外光、紫外光、遠紫外線、X射線及雷射)之光學單元。
1‧‧‧光學半導體元件
2‧‧‧導線框架
3‧‧‧導線框架
4‧‧‧接合線
5‧‧‧框架材料
6‧‧‧固化產品
Claims (9)
- 一種可固化聚矽氧組合物,其包括:(A)二有機聚矽氧烷,其分子中具有至少兩個烯基且含有由式:R1 2SiO2/2(在該式中,R1表示芳基)表示之矽氧烷單元;(B)至少兩種類型之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷,其基於標準聚苯乙烯轉換凝膠滲透層析具有不同的質量平均分子量,且包括由式:SiO4/2表示之矽氧烷單元、由式:R2 2R3SiO1/2(在該式中,R2表示缺少脂肪族不飽和鍵之單價烴基團,R3表示烯基)表示之矽氧烷單元及由式:R2 3SiO1/2(在該式中,R2具有與上述相同之意義)表示之矽氧烷單元,其量為10至100質量份數/100質量份數組份(A);(C)分子中具有至少兩個矽鍵結氫原子之有機聚矽氧烷,其量係使組份(C)中矽鍵結氫原子之量為組份(A)及(B)中之每1mol總烯基自0.1mol至10mol;及(D)催化量之矽氫化反應觸媒。
- 如請求項1之可固化聚矽氧組合物,其中組份(A)係由以下通式表示之有機聚矽氧烷:
- 如請求項1或2之可固化聚矽氧組合物,其中組份(B)構成至少兩 種類型之樹脂狀有機聚矽氧烷,其中其質量平均分子量之差為至少1,000。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化聚矽氧組合物,其進一步包括(E)含鈰有機聚矽氧烷,其量係使組份(E)中之鈰原子相對於此組合物以質量單位計為10ppm至2,000ppm。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化聚矽氧組合物,其進一步包括(F)矽氫化反應抑制劑,其量為0.01至3質量份數/總共100質量份數之組份(A)至(C)。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化聚矽氧組合物,其進一步包括(G)助黏劑,其量為0.01至10質量份數/總共100質量份數之組份(A)至(C)。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化聚矽氧組合物,其進一步包括(H)螢光物質,其量佔此組合物之0.1質量%至70質量%。
- 一種固化產品,其係藉由固化如請求項1至7中任一項之可固化聚矽氧組合物來製造。
- 一種光學半導體裝置,其包括經如請求項1至7中任一項之可固化聚矽氧組合物之固化產品密封的光學半導體元件。
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EP (1) | EP3039080B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6473440B2 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR102126658B1 (zh) |
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TWI762515B (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2022-05-01 | 日商陶氏東麗股份有限公司 | 硬化性聚矽氧組成物、其硬化物以及光半導體裝置 |
TWI831823B (zh) * | 2018-10-08 | 2024-02-11 | 美商陶氏有機矽公司 | 可雙重固化有機聚矽氧烷組成物 |
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EP3039080A4 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
JP6473440B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 |
KR20160128465A (ko) | 2016-11-07 |
EP3039080A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
US10336913B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
KR102126658B1 (ko) | 2020-06-25 |
KR20160048864A (ko) | 2016-05-04 |
KR101772859B1 (ko) | 2017-08-30 |
EP3039080B1 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
JP2016529331A (ja) | 2016-09-23 |
CN113214651A (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
US20160208138A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
WO2015030262A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
CN105518076A (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
TWI666263B (zh) | 2019-07-21 |
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