JP6165380B1 - 神経回路網の再構築・賦活剤 - Google Patents
神経回路網の再構築・賦活剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(1)神経突起の修復及び/又は伸展(成長)
(2)記憶力及び/又は認知機能の向上又は改善
(3)神経疾患の予防及び/又は治療
このような剤において、成分(A)及び/又は成分(B)と成分(C)との割合は、前者/後者(重量比)=1/0.01〜1/100程度であってもよい。
このような組成物において、成分(A)及び/又は成分(B)と成分(C)との割合は、前者/後者(重量比)=1/0.01〜1/100程度であってもよい。
(1)神経突起の修復及び/又は伸展(成長)
(2)記憶力及び/又は認知機能の向上又は改善
(3)神経疾患の予防及び/又は治療
また、このような飲食品において、成分(A)及び/又は成分(B)と成分(C)との割合は、前者/後者(重量比)=1/0.01〜1/100程度であってもよい。
本発明の剤又は組成物は、特定の成分(A)又はエゾウコギ成分(B)を含む。
また、本発明の剤又は組成物は、このような機能に付随してか、記憶力及び/又は認知機能の向上又は改善効果や、神経疾患の予防及び/又は治療効果を備えている場合が多い。
(1)神経突起の修復及び/又は伸展(成長)
(2)記憶力及び/又は認知機能[特に、神経突起(軸索や樹状突起)の萎縮又は欠損に伴って低下した記憶力及び/又は認知機能]の向上又は改善
(3)神経疾患[特に神経突起(軸索や樹状突起)の萎縮又は欠損に伴う神経疾患]の予防及び/又は治療
成分(A)は、ナリンゲニン、エリオジクチオール、5,7−ジヒドロキシクロモン、コーヒー酸、プロトカテク酸、これらの配糖体[又はグリコシド(O−グリコシド)]、及びこれらの塩(特に薬学的に許容される塩)から選択された少なくとも1種である。
エゾウコギ成分(B)としては、エゾウコギ、エゾウコギの抽出物(エゾウコギエキス)などが挙げられ、これらを組み合わせてもよい。
抽出溶媒は、単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
代表的な抽出溶媒は、水、アルコール(エタノールなど)、これらの混合液などが挙げられる。
本発明の剤又は組成物において、成分(A)及び/又は成分(B)は、ジオスゲニン類、ジヒドロキシビタミンD3、デソノミンなどと組み合わせてもよい。これらの成分(以下、これらを成分(C)ということがある)と組み合わせることで、本発明の効果をより一層効率よく実現できる場合がある。
ジオスゲニン類としては、ジオスゲニン、ジオスゲニン誘導体、これらの塩などが挙げられる。
炭化水素基は、これらの置換基を単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて有していてもよい。
炭化水素基が置換基を有する場合、置換基の数は、1以上であればよく、例えば、1〜10(例えば、1〜8)、好ましくは1〜6(例えば、1〜4)、さらに好ましくは1〜3程度であってもよい。
R2及び/又はR4が置換基である場合、代表的な置換基としては、酸素原子含有基、窒素原子含有基、硫黄原子含有基、アミノ酸基、ハロゲン原子などが挙げられる。
また、R3が置換基である場合、代表的な置換基としては、ハロゲン原子などが挙げられる。
(1)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R2〜R4が水素原子である組み合わせ
(2)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R2が置換基、R3及びR4が水素原子である組み合わせ
(3)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R3が置換基、R2及びR4が水素原子である組み合わせ
(4)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R2及びR3が置換基、R4が水素原子である組み合わせ
(5)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R2、R3及びR4が置換基である組み合わせ
(6)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R2及びR3が水素原子、R4が置換基である組み合わせ
(7)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R3が水素原子、R2及びR4が置換基である組み合わせ
(8)R1がヒドロキシル基以外の置換基、R2が水素原子、R3及びR4が置換基である組み合わせ
(9)R1がヒドロキシル基、R2が置換基、R3及びR4が水素原子である組み合わせ
(10)R1がヒドロキシル基、R3が置換基、R2及びR4が水素原子である組み合わせ
(11)R1がヒドロキシル基、R2及びR3が置換基、R4が水素原子である組み合わせ
(12)R1がヒドロキシル基、R2〜R4が置換基である組み合わせ
(13)R1がヒドロキシル基、R2及びR3が水素原子、R4が置換基である組み合わせ
(14)R1がヒドロキシル基、R2が水素原子、R3及びR4が置換基である組み合わせ
(15)R1がヒドロキシル基、R3が水素原子、R2及びR4が置換基である組み合わせ
本発明の剤又は組成物は、成分(A)及び成分(B)のいずれか一方を含んでいればよく、成分(A)と成分(B)とを組み合わせてもよい。通常、本発明の組成物では、成分(A)及び成分(B)を組み合わせてもよい。
成分(A)と成分(B)とを組み合わせることで、より一層、記憶力改善効果などを得やすい。
例えば、投与量は、例えば症状の程度、年齢、性別、体重、投与形態、塩の種類、疾患の具体的な種類等に応じて異なるが、通常、1日あたり、成分(A)及び/又は成分(B)を、0.01〜100mg/kg、好ましくは0.1〜10mg/kg、さらに好ましくは0.5〜5mg/kg程度であってもよい。
本発明には、成分(A)と成分(B)と(さらには成分(C)などの他の成分と)含む飲食品(すなわち、前記剤又は組成物を含む飲食品)が含まれる。
なお、このような飲食品において、成分(A)や成分(B)の好ましい態様、これらの割合などは、前記と同様である。
<物体認知記憶試験>
物体認知記憶試験とは、動物が新しいものに興味を示す習性を利用した試験である。すなわち、テスト段階において、トレーニング段階で見た物体を覚えているか否かを確認する試験である。試験は、文献(Int J Neurosci, 121, pp.181-190, 2011.、およびInt J Neurosci, 121, pp.641-648, 2011.)の記載にしたがって行った。具体的には、以下のように行った。
実施例では、総探索時間に対する新たな物体への探索回数の割合(%)を探索指向指数(Preference index)として算出した。
ナリンゲニン、ナリンゲニンの配糖体の一種であるナリンゲニン−7’−O−グルクロニドが神経細胞に対して活性を示すことを検討するために、これらをそれぞれ合成し、まず、正常大脳皮質神経細胞に対する突起伸展作用を検討した。初代培養したマウス大脳皮質神経細胞の培養3日目に、0.01、0.1、1、10μMの濃度で各化合物を処置し、さらに4日後に細胞を固定した後、軸索(pNF−H陽性)の細胞あたりの長さを免疫染色によって検討した。
実施例1において、合成したナリンゲニン及びナリンゲニン−7’−O−グルクロニドに加えて、ナリンゲニンの配糖体であるナリンゲニン−4’−O−グルクロニドを合成し、Aβ(25−35)による軸索の伸展作用を以下のようにして調べた。
新奇物体認識試験の後、各マウスを麻酔し、冷却した生理食塩水で経心臓灌流した。全脳を慎重に頭蓋骨から外し、4%パラホルムアルデヒドに1晩浸けたのち30%スクロース−PBSに浸し、−30℃で保存した。脳をクライオスタット(CM3050S、ライカ(Leica)社、ハイデルベルク、ドイツ)を用いて20μmの連続した冠状切片に切り出した。
骨砕補水エキスを、生理食塩水に溶解して、投与量を500mg/kg/日として、1日1回、5XFADマウス(45週齢、オス)に経口投与した。溶媒のみを投与した5XFADマウス群(45週齢、オス)、および溶媒のみを投与した野生型マウス群(45週齢、オス)も設けた。
CRMP2のリン酸化減少は、軸索伸展の促進につながるメカニズムとして既に認識されているため、骨砕補水エキス投与によるマウス脳内のCRMP2リン酸化抑制が、骨砕補水エキスによる軸索伸長、ならびにそれによる記憶亢進の機序の一端であることは明らかである。
骨砕補に含まれる成分を分析し、どの成分が軸索伸展に寄与しうるかについて、以下のように調べた。
実施例4で得られたn−ブタノール画分を詳細に分析し、化合物レベルでどの成分が軸索伸展に寄与しうるかについて、以下のように調べた。
骨砕補水エキスを生理食塩水に溶解して投与量を500mg/kg/日として1日1回、あるいはエゾウコギ葉水エキスを生理食塩水に溶解して500mg/kg/日として1日1回、あるいは骨砕補水エキス(500mg/kg/日)とエゾウコギ葉水エキス(50mg/kg/日)を同時に1日1回、5XFADマウスに経口投与した。
エゾウコギ葉水エキスを、生理食塩水に溶解して、投与量を500mg/kg/日として、1日1回、正常マウス(ddY,雄性、7週齢)に経口投与した。経口投与する薬液の量は、10mL/kg体重とした。投与期間は、27日間とした。
なお、エゾウコギ葉水エキスは、ウコギ科のEleutherococcus senticosusの葉を85度の水に30分間浸潤し濾過したものを凍結乾燥して用いた。
このマウスに対し、物体認知記憶試験を実施した。トレーニングは投与24日目、テストは投与27日目に実施した。トレーニングとテストのインターバルは72時間とした。
結果を図16に示す。なお、図16において、「Control」や溶媒のみを投与した対照群、「Extract」はエゾウコギ葉水エキス投与群、「Training」はトレーニング、「Test」はテストを示す。
図16の結果から明らかなように、溶媒のみを投与した対照群と比較すると、エゾウコギ葉水エキス投与群では有意に、正常マウスの物体認知記憶が亢進した。
Claims (12)
- ナリンゲニン、ナリンゲニンの配糖体、及びこれらの塩から選択された少なくとも1種の成分(A)及びエゾウコギ成分(B)を含み、成分(B)が、エゾウコギ、及びエゾウコギエキスから選択された少なくとも1種であり、前記エゾウコギ及び前記エゾウコギエキスにおけるエゾウコギが、少なくとも葉を含み、下記の(1)、(2)及び(3)から選択された少なくとも1つの用途に使用するための剤。
(1)神経突起の修復及び/又は伸展
(2)記憶力及び/又は認知機能の向上又は改善
(3)神経疾患の予防及び/又は治療 - ナリンゲニン、ナリンゲニンの配糖体、及びこれらの塩から選択された少なくとも1種の成分(A)と、エゾウコギ成分(B)とを含み、成分(B)が、エゾウコギ、及びエゾウコギエキスから選択された少なくとも1種であり、前記エゾウコギ及び前記エゾウコギエキスにおけるエゾウコギが、少なくとも葉を含み、下記の(1)、(2)及び(3)から選択された少なくとも1つの用途に使用するための組成物。
(1)神経突起の修復及び/又は伸展
(2)記憶力及び/又は認知機能の向上又は改善
(3)神経疾患の予防及び/又は治療。 - 成分(A)が、ナリンゲニン、ナリンギン、ナリンゲニングルクロニド、及びこれらの薬学的に許容される塩から選択された少なくとも1以上の成分を含む請求項1又は2に記載の剤又は組成物。
- 成分(A)を含有する成分として、骨砕補成分を含む請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の剤又は組成物。
- 成分(A)として骨砕補エキスを含み、かつ成分(B)としてエゾウコギエキスを含み、骨砕補エキスとエゾウコギエキスとの割合が、前者/後者(重量比)=1/0.01〜1/100である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の剤又は組成物。
- さらに、ジオスゲニン類、ジヒドロキシビタミンD3、及びデノソミンから選択された少なくとも1つの成分(C)と組み合わせて用いる請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の剤又は組成物。
- 成分(A)及び/又は成分(B)と成分(C)との割合が、前者/後者(重量比)=1/0.01〜1/100である請求項6記載の剤又は組成物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の剤又は組成物を含有し、下記の(1)、(2)及び(3)から選択された少なくとも1つの用途に使用するための飲食品。
(1)神経突起の修復及び/又は伸展
(2)記憶力及び/又は認知機能の向上又は改善
(3)神経疾患の予防及び/又は治療 - サプリメント、健康食品、機能性表示食品、栄養機能食品又は特定保健用食品である請求項8記載の飲食品。
- 骨砕補エキスを1〜90重量%含む請求項8又は9記載の飲食品。
- エゾウコギエキスを1〜90重量%含む請求項8〜10のいずれかに記載の飲食品。
- 骨砕補エキスを1〜90重量%、エゾウコギエキスを1〜90重量%含み、骨砕補エキスとエゾウコギエキスとの割合が、前者/後者(重量比)=1/0.01〜1/100である請求項8〜11のいずれかに記載の飲食品。
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