JP2011215164A - 周波数ドメイン干渉測定を利用して光学撮像を実行するシステム、方法および記憶媒体 - Google Patents
周波数ドメイン干渉測定を利用して光学撮像を実行するシステム、方法および記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】組織の構造及び組成のうち少なくとも1つと関連した特定データを求めるシステムであって、所定の手法を実行するとき、a)サンプル86から得られた少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と、リファレンス82から得られた少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線から形成される干渉信号と関連した情報を受け取り、ここで、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせ、b)前記情報をサンプル化し、それで、サンプル化データを第1フォーマットで生成し、c)前記サンプル化データを第2フォーマットの特定データに変換する[ここで、第1フォーマットと第2フォーマットは互いに異なる]ように構成された処理アレンジメントを備える。
【選択図】図3A
Description
本出願は、2003年10月23日出願の米国仮出願第60/514769号からの優先権を主張し、その開示内容全体をここに参考として組み入れる。
・第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線、及び/又は、
・第3電磁放射線と第4電磁放射線の間の位相差を追跡することが可能である。
時間ドメインOCTシステムの最良の信号/ノイズパフォーマンスが得られるのは、ノイズがショットノイズ限定のときである。ショットノイズは、単エレメント形検出器の代わりに多エレメント形検出器を使用することによってかなり減じることができる。検出アーム光がアレイ検出器に当たってスペクトル分散を起こすと、アレイの各エレメントが、光源のスペクトル幅の1つの短小波長部分を検出する。ショットノイズは、好ましくは、アレイのエレメントの数に等しい係数分だけ減じられる。信号/ノイズ比改善の原理は、ショットノイズのホワイトノイズ特性と、同じ波長の電磁波だけが干渉フリンジを生成するという観察に基づいている。
図10Aは、周波数ドメイン干渉測定を利用して光学撮像を実行する本発明によるOFDIシステム300の一実施例、詳記するならば、光源の複数の周波数モードからなる瞬時放出スペクトルを有する光信号を発出する周波数掃引源301を含む実施例を示す。掃引源301は、例えば、上で図4A、5、6、7、9及び9Bに則して述べた光源の1つとして設けてあってよい。光源301からの光は、光ファイバーカプラ302の方に向けることができ、この光ファイバーカプラが、送られてきた光をリファレンスアーム303とサンプルアーム304に分割する。
サンプルアーム304は、組織サンプル328から反射された光を集め、偏光ダイバーシティバランス検出(PDBD)回路334においてリファレンスアーム303からの光と組み合わせて干渉フリンジを形成できるようにする。
OFDIの用途によっては、サンプルアームは、劈開した(角度を付けた、平形の、又は光沢ある)光ファイバー又は自由空間ビームを備える光プローブによって終わらせてよい。ビームをサンプル上又はサンプル内部で集束するためにレンズ336(非球面形、グレーデッド形、球面形、回折形、ボール形、円筒形など、但し、これだけに限らない)を使用してよい。また、集束されたビームをサンプル上の所望の位置に向けるためにビーム方向制御エレメント(ミラー、プリズム、回折形光学エレメントなど、但し、これだけに限らない)がプローブに内蔵されていてもよい。ビームの位置は、サンプル上で時間の関数として変更してよく、そうすることによって二次元画像の再構築が可能となる。集束されたビームのサンプル上での位置の変更は、スキャンミラー322を使って実行してよい。スキャンミラー322は、例えば、検流計、圧電アクチュエータ、電気光学アクチュエータなどを含む(但し、これだけに限らない)多数の各種デバイスから作ってあってよい。
PDBD回路334は、デュアルバランス検出を実行すべく配置された複数の検出器370を含んでよい。デュアルバランス検出がある一定の用途において好ましいのは、次の理由からである。第一に、ほとんどの光源は、1/fノイズ(f=周波数)を相対的に低い周波数で発生させ、バランス検出が1/fソースノイズを無くすことになる。第二に、サンプルアーム光の干渉分それ自体(すなわち、自己相関分)が真の信号分の先頭の存在し、好ましいことに、これがサンプルアームとリファレンスアームの間の干渉であり得る。このような自己相関分は特異な技術によって無くすことができ、バランス検出であれば、この自己相関分を測定信号から除去することができる。
3つ以上の検出器を使用すれば、信号を選別し、複素スペクトル密度を得ることができる。フーリエ変換を使って、複素相互スペクトル密度を組織内の深さプロファイルに変換することができる。深さプロファイル情報を得るために複素スペクトル密度を処理するについては、リファレンスアームにおいてPi/2の位相差を持つ少なくとも2つの信号を得てから、この2つの信号の何らかの直線的組み合わせによって複素スペクトル密度を再接続したり、スペクトル密度の平方を求めたりする幾つかの方法が、当業者には知られている。
偏光フェージングが問題である用途には、偏光ダイバーシティスキームを使用してよい。偏光ダイバーシティについては多様なコンフィギュレーションが技術的に知られている。
光周波数シフタ311は、光周波数を搬送波周波数ヘテロダイン検出に向けてシフトさせるべくリファレンスアーム303の中に置かれている。結果として、信号周波数帯は、周波数シフトの大きさだけシフトさせられる。こうして、DC周囲の相対的に大きい1/fノイズ(f=周波数)及び相対強度ノイズ(RIN)を回避することができる。周波数シフタは、音響光学周波数シフタであってよいが、これだけに限らない。検出においては、搬送波周波数を復調するために適当な電子デバイスを使用するのが望ましい。
上で述べた通り、OFDI技術は、リファレンスアームにおける光パス長が適時に走査されることを要求しない。そこで、遅延固定リファレンスアームを、普通当業者が知っている様々なコンフィギュレーションで作ることができる。リファレンスアームは、反射タイプか透過タイプかどちらかであり得る。
I(t)=cos[φ(t)]
φ(t)=α+β・sin(ωt)
MixerS(t)=sin(ωt)・cos(α+βsin(ωt));
Mixer2ωC(t)=cos(2ωt)・cos(α+βsin(ωt));及び
Mixer2ωS(t)=sin(2ωt)・cos(α+βsin(ωt))。
MixerC、MixerS、Mixer2ωC及びMixer2ωSの搬送波周波数ωの発振1回にわたっての時間平均は、次式によって与えられる。
一般に、検出器によって適時に記録されたデータは、光周波数ω及び波数kの厳格に一次の関数としてサンプル化されてはならない。それでも、フーリエ変換は、z空間とk空間(又はtとω)をリンクさせることができる。k空間でのサンプル化が非線形であることから、kドメインにおいて均一間隔のサンプルを作成すべく収集されたスペクトルを補間する。あるいは代わりに、補間が不要になるよう、光がk空間において等間隔のサンプルになるようにレーザの同調勾配を調整することができよう。あるいは代わりに、補間が不要になるよう、k空間において均一に拡げられた光をサンプル化すべく検出タイミングを設計することができよう。ポイントスプレッド関数を最適化するためには、干渉計のサンプルアームとリファレンスアームにおける分散を釣合わせるのが好ましい。分散の不釣合いも、ディジタル処理によって修正できよう。モーションによって誘導された位相チャープも、ディジタル処理によって修正できよう。モーションアーティファクト修正のためには、サンプルの軸方向運動を測定し、この運動の測定から固有の非線形マッピングを算出することができる。
高速OFDI技術については、より高い同調速度、より高い出力パワー、又は、より広い同調範囲を得るためにコヒーレンス長さが譲歩することが往々にしてあるので、最大レンジング深さがレーザ出力のコヒーレンス関数の有限幅によって制限されることはあり得よう。コヒーレンス長さが有限であると、干渉計のパス長さ差が増大するにつれて干渉フリンジの可視度は低下することになる。これは結果的にSN比の低下につながり、従って、最大レンジング深さの制限につながる。その上、従来の干渉測定においてプラス電気周波数とマイナス電気周波数とを区別できないことは、プラス深さとマイナス深さの間の曖昧さにつながり得る。撮像を折り重ねるアーティファクトを回避するためには、画像がプラス深さかマイナス深さかどちらかでしか存在しないように干渉計のリファレンス遅延を調整するのが望ましい。これが更に、光源の所与のコヒーレンス長さにとってレンジング深さの制限につながることはあり得る。
[周波数シフト]
図15は、波長掃引源95、リファレンスアーム80において光周波数シフタ311を使用するシングルモード光ファイバー干渉計、光検出器88、及び信号プロセッサ160を含む、本発明によるOFDIシステムのハイレベル構成を示す。リファレンスアームに往復周波数シフトΔfがあるとき、リファレンスアーム光とサンプルアーム光の間の干渉と関連した光電流は、次の通り表すことができる。
ν(t)が時間に関して非線形であることは、一定の深さのところで信号の周波数チャープが生じることになり、軸方向解像度の低下を招く結果となる。この問題の解決策として、検出器信号のサンプリングと共に、時間間隔をあけて周波数チャープの非線形補償を行ってよい。あるいは代わりに、一定の時間間隔で検出器信号をサンプリングしてから、離散的フーリエ変換(“DFT”)に先立ち、サンプル化したデータを補間によって一様なν空間にマッピングしてよい。どちらの方法も、変換限界のある軸方向解像をもたらすことが実証された。しかしながら、これらの方法は、周波数シフト技術に直接には適用できない。非線形サンプリング法も非線形補間法も、結果的に周波数シフトに人工的なチャープを生じさせ、これが最適な軸方向解像度に低下につながるのである。それゆえ、おおよそ変換限界のある軸方向解像をレンジング深さ全体にわたって達成するためには改良補間法が使用できる。その例示的手順は次の通りであってよい。
ステップ2.電気周波数ドメインにおいてN個のデータポイントのDFTを実行する。
ステップ3.マイナス深さとプラス深さにそれぞれ対応するΔfより下の周波数帯とΔfより上の周波数帯の2つを分離する。
ステップ4.深さゼロが電気周波数ゼロに整合されるように各周波数帯をシフトさせる。
ステップ5.ゼロパディングを各周波数帯に適用し、逆DFTを実行する。結果的に、各周波数帯について、より小さい時間間隔でより多くの数のサンプルのアレイが得られることになる。
ステップ6.波長掃引源の非線形性によって与えられた固有のマッピング機能を使って、各アレイを時間ドメインにおいて一様なν空間の中に補間する。
ステップ7.補間された各アレイのDFTを行う。
ステップ8.アレイインデックスをシフトさせることによって2つのアレイ(画像)を組み合わせる。
結果として、深さゼロは電気周波数の値Δfのところに位置する。
[OFDIシステム]
図17は、本発明の一実施例による2つの音響光学周波数シフタ(FS1 800及びFS2 802、Brimrose Inc.AMF-25-1.3)を使用するOFDIシステムの実験的セットアップの一例を示す。2つの周波数シフタは、Δf=FS2−FS1の正味シフトを生成すべく電圧制御式発振器を使って駆動してよい。2つの周波数シフタの使用により、音響光学水晶の材料分散は自動的に釣合わされた。ファイバーカップリングを含む各デバイスの挿入損は2.5dB未満であり得る。ディジタイザのサンプリングレートは10MHzであり得る。掃引レーザ100は、1271nmから1379nmまで中心的に掃引された108nmの同調範囲を提供すべく構成してあってよい(ν1=135GHz/μs)。反復レートは36kHzまで到達できたが、レーザはそれより低い7kHzのレートで操作され、1回の波長掃引の間に1300サンプルが収集された。その結果、ナイキスト周波数5MHzに対応する画像において5.8mmの深さスパンが得られた。プローブ810は検流計ミラー及び撮像レンズを含んでよく、共焦点パラメータ値1.1mmのプローブビームを生成した。電気回路836においてTTLトリガ信号を発生させるために、光タップカプラ820を狭帯域フィルタ830及び光検出器834と共に使用することができる。TTL信号は、アナログ/ディジタル変換器においてトリガとして使用してよい。
OFDIシステムを使って人間の肺組織の生体外撮像を行った。図19は、Aの場合Δf=0、Bの場合Δf=−2.5であることを除いて同一の実験条件のもとで得られた2つの画像、AとBを示す。各画像は、上で述べたマッピング技術を使って得られた。組織の表面をプローブビーム軸に関して或る角度で置き、画像におけるプラス深さとマイナス深さの両方に信号が存在するようにリファレンスミラーを位置決めした。Aでは、組織画像が2.8mmの有効レンジング深さの範囲内にある、すなわち、深さスパン全体のうちの上半分にある。それでも、サンプル位置の相対的に大きい変化は、撮像を折り重ねるアーティファクトを生じさせる結果となった。対照的に、Bでは、プラス深さとマイナス深さの全体を曖昧さなしで表示できた。すなわち、周波数シフト技術によってレンジング深さが5.8mmに増大したという有利さがあったのである。
少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線を非反射性リファレンスに提供する少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントを備え、ここで、前記少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントによって提供された放射線の周波数が経時変化し、また、
前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の干渉を検出する少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントを備える装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第3放射線がサンプルから戻された放射線であり、前記少なくとも1つの第4放射線がリファレンスから戻された放射線である、態様1に記載の装置。
更に、前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線、少なくとも1つの第3電磁放射線及び少なくとも1つの第3電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせる少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える、態様1に記載の装置。
更に、検出された干渉に基づいて画像を生成する少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える、態様1に記載の装置。
更に、走査データ生成のためにサンプルの横方向位置を走査し、その走査データを画像生成のために前記第3アレンジメントに提供するプローブを備える、態様4に記載の装置。
前記走査データが、サンプル上の多重横方向位置で得られた干渉検出データを含む、態様5に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが、少なくとも1つの光検出器と、前記少なくとも1つの光検出器の後に続く少なくとも1つの電気フィルタを備える、態様1に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが、少なくとも1つの光検出器と、前記少なくとも1つの光検出器の後に続く少なくとも1つの電気フィルタを備える、態様3に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの電気フィルタが、前記周波数シフトアレンジメントによる周波数シフトの大きさとほぼ同じ中心周波数を持つ帯域フィルタである、態様8に記載の装置。
前記電気フィルタの透過プロファイルがほぼその通過帯域全体にわたって変化する、態様9に記載の装置。
前記プローブが回転接合器と光ファイバーカテーテルを備える、態様5に記載の装置。
前記カテーテルが毎秒30回転より高い速度で回転する、態様11に記載の装置。
更に、少なくとも1つの偏光変調器を備える、態様1に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの偏光状態を検出できる、態様1に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つのデュアルバランスレシーバを備える、態様1に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つの偏光ダイバーシティレシーバを備える、態様1に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つの偏光ダイバーシティレシーバ及びデュアルバランスレシーバを備える、態様1に記載の装置。
更に、
・前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つ、及び、
・前記少なくとも1つの第3電磁放射線と少なくとも1つの第4電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの間の位相差を追跡する少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える、態様1に記載の装置。
更に、第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線を放出するアレンジメントを備え、その電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つは、平均周波数が毎ミリ秒100テラヘルツより大きい同調速度でほぼ連続的に経時変化するスペクトルを有する、態様1に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線を非反射性リファレンスに提供し、ここで、前記第1放射線と第2放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数が経時変化するステップ、及び、
前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の干渉を検出するステップを備える方法。
少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線をリファレンスに提供する少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントを備え、ここで、前記第1放射線と第2放射線のうち少なくとも1つが経時変化するスペクトルを有し、前記スペクトルが特定の時に多重周波数を含んでおり、また、
前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の干渉を検出する少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントを備える装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第3放射線がサンプルから戻された放射線であり、前記少なくとも1つの第4放射線がリファレンスから戻された放射線である、態様21に記載の装置。
更に、前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線、少なくとも1つの第3電磁放射線及び少なくとも1つの第4電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせる少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える、態様21に記載の装置。
更に、検出された干渉に基づいて画像を生成する少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える、態様21に記載の装置。
更に、走査データ生成のためにサンプルの横方向位置を走査し、その走査データを画像生成のために前記第3アレンジメントに提供するプローブを備える、態様24に記載の装置。
前記走査データが、サンプル上の多重横方向位置で得られた干渉検出データを含む、態様25に記載の装置。
前記リファレンスが非反射性である、態様21に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルの中央値がほぼ直線的に経時変化する、態様21に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルの中央値の変化の速度が少なくとも1000nm/msecである、態様28に記載の装置。
スペクトルが少なくとも10kHzの反復レートで反復的に経時変化する、態様21に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントが、スペクトルを経時変化させるスペクトルフィルタを含む、態様21に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルフィルタが、多角形スキャナ、及び、スペクトルを経時変化させるスペクトル分離アレンジメントを含む、態様31に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントが、電磁放射線を発生させ、増幅する半導体利得媒体を含む、態様21に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが、少なくとも1つの光検出器と、前記少なくとも1つの光検出器の後に続く少なくとも1つの電気フィルタを備える、態様23に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの電気フィルタが、前記周波数シフトアレンジメントによる周波数シフトの大きさとほぼ同じ中心周波数を持つ帯域フィルタである、態様34に記載の装置。
前記電気フィルタの透過プロファイルがほぼその通過帯域全体にわたって変化する、態様35に記載の装置。
前記プローブが回転接合器と光ファイバーカテーテルを備える、態様25に記載の装置。
前記カテーテルが毎秒30回転より高い速度で回転する、態様37に記載の装置。
更に、少なくとも1つの偏光変調器を備える、態様21に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの偏光状態を検出できる、態様21に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つのデュアルバランスレシーバを備える、態様21に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つの偏光ダイバーシティレシーバを備える、態様21に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つの偏光ダイバーシティレシーバ及びデュアルバランスレシーバを備える、態様21に記載の装置。
更に、
・前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つ、及び、
・前記少なくとも1つの第3電磁放射線と少なくとも1つの第4電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの間の位相差を追跡する少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える、態様21に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線をリファレンスに提供し、ここで、前記第1放射線と第2放射線のうち少なくとも1つが経時変化するスペクトルを有し、前記スペクトルが特定の時に多重周波数を含んでいるステップ、及び、
前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の干渉を検出するステップを備える方法。
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線をリファレンスに提供する少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントを備え、ここで、前記少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントによって提供された放射線の周波数が経時変化し、
第1偏光状態において前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の第1干渉信号を検出する少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントを備え、また、
第2偏光状態において前記第3放射線と前記第4放射線の間の第2干渉信号を検出する少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第3放射線がサンプルから戻された放射線であり、前記少なくとも1つの第4放射線がリファレンスから戻された放射線である、態様46に記載の装置。
更に、前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線、少なくとも1つの第3電磁放射線及び少なくとも1つの第4電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせる少なくとも1つの第4アレンジメントを備える、態様46に記載の装置。
更に、検出された干渉に基づいて画像を生成する少なくとも1つの第4アレンジメントを備える、態様46に記載の装置。
更に、走査データ生成のためにサンプルの横方向位置を走査し、その走査データを画像生成のために前記第4アレンジメントに提供するプローブを備える、態様49に記載の装置。
前記走査データが、サンプル上の多重横方向位置で得られた干渉検出データを含む、態様50に記載の装置。
前記リファレンスが非反射性である、態様46に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルの中央値がほぼ直線的に経時変化する、態様46に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントが、スペクトルを経時変化させるスペクトルフィルタを含む、態様46に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルフィルタが、多角形スキャナ、及び、スペクトルを経時変化させるスペクトル分離アレンジメントを含む、態様54に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントが、電磁放射線を発生させ、増幅する半導体利得媒体を含む、態様46に記載の装置。
更に、検出された干渉に基づいて画像を生成する少なくとも1つの第4アレンジメントを備え、ここで、第1偏光状態と第2偏光状態が互いにほぼ直交する、態様46に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが、少なくとも1つの光検出器と、前記少なくとも1つの光検出器の後に続く少なくとも1つの電気フィルタを備える、態様48に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの電気フィルタが、前記周波数シフトアレンジメントによる周波数シフトの大きさとほぼ同じ中心周波数を持つ帯域フィルタである、態様58に記載の装置。
前記電気フィルタの透過プロファイルがほぼその通過帯域全体にわたって変化する、態様59に記載の装置。
前記プローブが回転接合器と光ファイバーカテーテルを備える、態様50に記載の装置。
前記カテーテルが毎秒30回転より高い速度で回転する、態様46に記載の装置。
更に、少なくとも1つの偏光変調器を備える、態様46に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの偏光状態を検出できる、態様46に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つのデュアルバランスレシーバを備える、態様46に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つの偏光ダイバーシティレシーバを備える、態様46に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントが少なくとも1つの偏光ダイバーシティレシーバ及びデュアルバランスレシーバを備える、態様46に記載の装置。
更に、
・前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つ、及び、
・前記少なくとも1つの第3電磁放射線と少なくとも1つの第4電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの間の位相差を追跡する少なくとも1つの第3アレンジメントを備える、態様46に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線をリファレンスに提供し、ここで、前記第1放射線と第2放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数が経時変化するステップ、
第1偏光状態において前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の第1干渉信号を検出するステップ、及び、
第2偏光状態において前記第3放射線と前記第4放射線の間の第2干渉信号を検出し、ここで、第1偏光状態と第2偏光状態が互いに異なるステップを備える方法。
前記少なくとも1つの第3放射線がサンプルから戻された放射線であり、前記少なくとも1つの第4放射線がリファレンスから戻された放射線である、態様69に記載の方法。
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線をリファレンスに提供する少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントを備え、ここで、前記第1放射線と第2放射線のうち少なくとも1つが、平均周波数が毎ミリ秒100テラヘルツより大きい同調速度でほぼ連続的に経時変化するスペクトルを有し、また、
前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の干渉を検出する少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントを備える装置。
平均周波数が5キロヘルツより大きい反復レートで反復的に変化する、態様71に記載の装置。
平均周波数が10テラヘルツより大きい範囲にわたって変化する、態様71に記載の装置。
スペクトルが100ギガヘルツより小さい瞬時ライン幅を有する、態様71に記載の装置。
更に、往復長さが5mより短いレーザキャビティを備える、態様71に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルの同調範囲の中心が公称で中心波長1300nmに合わせてある、態様73に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルの同調範囲の中心が公称で中心波長850nmに合わせてある、態様73に記載の装置。
前記スペクトルの同調範囲の中心が公称で中心波長1700nmに合わせてある、態様73に記載の装置。
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線をリファレンスに提供し、ここで、前記第1放射線と第2放射線のうち少なくとも1つが、平均周波数が毎ミリ秒100テラヘルツより大きい同調速度でほぼ連続的に経時変化するスペクトルを有するステップ、及び、
前記少なくとも1つの第1放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第3放射線と、前記少なくとも1つの第2放射線と関連した少なくとも1つの第4放射線の間の干渉を検出するステップを備える方法。
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線をサンプルに、少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線をリファレンスに提供する少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントを備え、ここで、前記少なくとも1つの第1アレンジメントによって提供された放射線の周波数が経時変化し、
前記少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線の周波数をシフトさせるのに適した少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメント、
前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線を干渉させ、それで干渉信号を生成する干渉計、及び、
前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線の間の干渉を検出する少なくとも1つの第2アレンジメントを備える装置。
組織の構造及び組成のうち少なくとも1つと関連した特定データを求めるシステムであって、
所定の手法を実行するとき、
a)サンプルから得られた少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と、リファレンスから得られた少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線から形成される干渉信号と関連した情報を受け取り、ここで、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせ、
b)前記情報をサンプル化し、それで、サンプル化データを第1フォーマットで生成し、
c)前記サンプル化データを第2フォーマットの特定データに変換する[ここで、第1フォーマットと第2フォーマットは互いに異なる]ように構成された処理アレンジメントを備えるシステム。
前記第2フォーマットが、ほぼ同じ電磁周波数差を表す少なくとも2つのサンプリングインターバルを有する、態様81に記載のシステム。
前記サンプリングインターバルの各々がほぼ同じ電磁周波数差を表す、態様82に記載のシステム。
手順がサンプル化データの補間を含む、態様81に記載のシステム。
前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つが特定周波数分だけ周波数シフトさせられ、また、前記補間が、周波数ドメインにおいてサンプル化データをアレイにフーリエ変換し、前記特定周波数に基づき前記アレイを少なくとも2つの周波数帯に分離することを含む、態様84に記載のシステム。
前記補間が、周波数ドメインにおいてサンプル化データをアレイにフーリエ変換し、前記アレイのサイズを増大させ、前記アレイの増大した部分の各要素に所定の値を挿入することを含む、態様85に記載のシステム。
前記処理アレンジメントが更に、特定データに基づき少なくとも1つの組織部分の画像を生成するように構成されている、態様81に記載のシステム。
前記画像が特定解像度を有し、前記サンプル化データと関連した電磁周波数のスペクトルが前記特定解像度に関連し、また、前記特定解像度が前記電磁周波数のスペクトルのフーリエ変換限界にほぼ近い、態様87に記載のシステム。
前記第2フォーマットが、ほぼ同じ電磁周波数差を表す少なくとも2つのサンプリングインターバルを有し、前記電磁周波数の大きさが前記サンプリングインターバルの少なくとも1つの逆数のほぼ1/4より大きい、態様85に記載のシステム。
前記第2フォーマットが画像フォーマットであり、前記画像が変換されたサンプル化データに基づいている、態様87に記載のシステム。
前記第2フォーマットが、ほぼ一定のk空間インターバルを含むフォーマットである、態様84に記載のシステム。
組織の構造及び組成のうち少なくとも1つと関連した特定データを求める方法であって、
サンプルから得られた少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と、リファレンスから得られた少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線から形成される干渉信号と関連した情報を受け取り、ここで、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせるステップ、
前記情報をサンプル化し、それで、サンプル化データを第1フォーマットで生成するステップ、及び、
前記サンプル化データを第2フォーマットの特定データに変換するステップ[ここで、第1フォーマットと第2フォーマットは互いに異なる]を備える方法。
組織の構造及び組成のうち少なくとも1つと関連した特定データを求める記憶媒体であって、前記記憶媒体の保持するプログラムが処理アレンジメントにより実行されるとき、
サンプルから得られた少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と、リファレンスから得られた少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線から形成される干渉信号と関連した情報を受け取り、ここで、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせる、
前記情報をサンプル化し、それで、サンプル化データを第1フォーマットで生成する、及び、
前記サンプル化データを第2フォーマットの特定データに変換する[ここで、第1フォーマットと第2フォーマットは互いに異なる]ことを備える命令を実行するように構成されている記憶媒体。
Claims (13)
- 組織の構造及び組成のうち少なくとも1つと関連した特定データを求めるシステムであって、
所定の手法を実行するとき、
a)サンプルから得られた少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と、リファレンスから得られた少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線から形成される干渉信号と関連した情報を受け取り、ここで、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせ、
b)前記情報をサンプル化し、それで、サンプル化データを第1フォーマットで生成し、
c)前記サンプル化データを第2フォーマットの特定データに変換する[ここで、第1フォーマットと第2フォーマットは互いに異なる]ように構成された処理アレンジメントを備えるシステム。 - 前記第2フォーマットが、ほぼ同じ電磁周波数差を表す少なくとも2つのサンプリングインターバルを有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記サンプリングインターバルの各々がほぼ同じ電磁周波数差を表す、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記手順c)がサンプル化データの補間を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つが特定周波数分だけ周波数シフトさせられ、また、前記補間が、周波数ドメインにおいてサンプル化データをアレイにフーリエ変換し、前記特定周波数に基づき前記アレイを少なくとも2つの周波数帯に分離することを含む、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記補間が、周波数ドメインにおいてサンプル化データをアレイにフーリエ変換し、前記アレイのサイズを増大させ、前記アレイの増大した部分の各要素に所定の値を挿入することを含む、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記処理アレンジメントが更に、特定データに基づき少なくとも1つの組織部分の画像を生成するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記画像が特定解像度を有し、前記サンプル化データと関連した電磁周波数のスペクトルが前記特定解像度に関連し、また、前記特定解像度が前記電磁周波数のスペクトルのフーリエ変換限界にほぼ近い、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2フォーマットが、ほぼ同じ電磁周波数差を表す少なくとも2つのサンプリングインターバルを有し、前記電磁周波数の大きさが前記サンプリングインターバルの少なくとも1つの逆数のほぼ1/4より大きい、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2フォーマットが画像フォーマットであり、前記画像が変換されたサンプル化データに基づいている、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2フォーマットが、ほぼ一定のk空間インターバルを含むフォーマットである、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 組織の構造及び組成のうち少なくとも1つと関連した特定データを求める方法であって、
サンプルから得られた少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と、リファレンスから得られた少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線から形成される干渉信号と関連した情報を受け取り、ここで、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトさせるステップ、
前記情報をサンプル化し、それで、サンプル化データを第1フォーマットで生成するステップ、及び、
前記サンプル化データを第2フォーマットの特定データに変換するステップ[ここで、第1フォーマットと第2フォーマットは互いに異なる]を備える方法。 - 組織の構造及び組成のうち少なくとも1つと関連した特定データを求める記憶媒体であって、前記記憶媒体の保持するプログラムが処理アレンジメントにより実行されるとき、
サンプルから得られた少なくとも1つの第1電磁放射線と、リファレンスから得られた少なくとも1つの第2電磁放射線から形成される干渉信号と関連した情報を受け取り、ここで、前記第1電磁放射線と第2電磁放射線のうち少なくとも1つの周波数をシフトする、
前記情報をサンプル化し、それで、サンプル化データを第1フォーマットで生成する、及び、
前記サンプル化データを第2フォーマットの特定データに変換する[ここで、第1フォーマットと第2フォーマットは互いに異なる]ことを備える命令を前記処理アレンジメントに実行させるように構成されている記憶媒体。
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