EP3798360B9 - Switch - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a switch according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Switches represent crossing points in track systems, where at least one branch track is introduced into or led out of a main track. There are so-called simple points where a branch track is led out of or inserted into a main track. However, there are also so-called crossing switches, where a branch track crosses a main track and leads out over this on both sides.

It is known in the prior art to equip tracks with elastomer layers both in the area between points and in the area of the points, in order to achieve smoothing of rail depressions and vibration damping when a train passes. It is known, for example, to arrange so-called sleeper pads under the sleepers. These sleeper pads are therefore located between the sleeper and a ballast bed or a solid roadway on which the respective sleeper rests. Sleeper pads are eg from the AT 506 529 B1 and the WO 2016/077852 A1 known. In the AT 506 529 B1 For example, a sleeper sole is proposed in which a random fiber layer is attached to an elastic layer of the sleeper sole on the side facing the sleeper and a reinforcement layer and another elastic layer are attached to the opposite side. The random fiber layer is used to attach the sleeper sole to sleepers cast from concrete. The reinforcement layer on the other side of the sleeper pad limits the penetration of the ballast of the ballast bed into the sleeper pad to the desired extent.

In the prior art but also elastic intermediate layers on the known as the top of the sill, i.e. between the rail and the sill. This is eg in the EP 0 552 788 A1 described.

The AT 503 772 B1 shows a switch in which sleeper pads with at least one elastomer layer are arranged on the sleeper undersides of the sleepers. Between the rails and the sleepers are located in the AT 503 772 B1 Intermediate layers, which are referred to in this document as fasteners. From the AT 503 772 B1 it is also known to vary the softness or hardness of the sleeper pad over the length of the sleeper.

Various approaches are known in the prior art to ensure smoothing of the rail deflection when a train passes, in particular in the case of points for track systems, with this prior art using a single elastic level in the overall structure and optimizing it if necessary in order to achieve this goal.

The FR 2 410 086 A1 shows generic prior art. In this document, an elastic intermediate layer is provided between the rail and the sleeper and an elastic sleeper sole is provided under the sleeper.

The object of the invention is to counteract tilting of the sleeper at specific points in the switch.

Proceeding from the generic prior art, the invention proposes a switch according to patent claim 1 for this purpose.

In the case of the invention, not only one but at least two elastic planes, which are spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction when viewed in the installed position, are realized in order to improve the smoothing of the rail depression when a train passes over the points. An elastic level is thereby at least one Elastomer layer of the sleeper soles formed. A second elastic level is formed by the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers. The elastic properties of these elastomer layers can be matched to one another depending on the requirements, in order to achieve optimization that is coordinated with one another by means of both elastic levels. As a result, the insulation properties of the overall system of the switch can be very precisely adapted to the different requirements occurring in the switch at different locations. The deflection can be homogenized over the course of the switch. The addition of at least one second elastic level allows a fine tuning of the elastic properties of the switch to the specific tasks to be solved locally within the switch at different points.

In the case of points according to the invention, both the sleeper pads and the intermediate layers can each be constructed in one or more parts. Both the sleeper pads and the intermediate layers can each consist of a single layer of elastomer. However, they can each also have several elastomer layers. In addition, the sleeper soles as well as the intermediate layers can also have non-elastic components or layers. In the sleeper soles, it can be, for example, as from the AT 506 772 B1 known multi-layer structure with two elastic layers, a reinforcement layer and a random fiber or connecting layer act. In addition to the at least one elastomer layer, the intermediate layers can also have metal plates, for example, as is also explained below by way of example in the description of the figures.

Preferred variants of the invention provide that in the switch the elastomer layers of at least two different sleeper pads have a different bedding modulus and/or that in the switch the elastomer layers of at least two different intermediate layers have a have different stiffness from each other. In terms of difference, it is advantageously provided that the bedding moduli of the elastomer layers of the at least two different sleeper pads differ from one another by an amount of at least 25% of the larger bedding modulus and/or that the stiffness of the elastomer layers of the at least two different intermediate layers by an amount of at least 25% of greater rigidity differ from each other.

In particular, the sleeper soles have areas of different hardness or softness along the longitudinal direction of the sleeper.

This can be a single continuous sleeper sole, but also separate sections which together form the sleeper sole.

The elastomer layers are, as this term suggests, layers of at least one elastomer. Elastomers are dimensionally stable but elastically deformable plastics that deform elastically under tensile and compressive loads, but then at least essentially return to their original, undeformed shape. Provision is particularly preferably made for the elastomer layer of the respective intermediate layer and/or the elastomer layer of the respective sleeper sole to have polyurethane or rubber or a mixture with polyurethane and/or rubber. The elastomer layers mentioned can also consist entirely of the materials mentioned. Rubber can be natural but also synthetic rubber elastomers. It is preferably foamed polyurethane and/or foamed rubber. Both foamed variants are preferably designed with closed pores.

Provision is preferably made for the elastomer layer of the respective sleeper sole to have a bedding modulus in the range from 0.02 N/mm3 (Newton per cubic millimeter) to 0.6 N/mm3, preferably from 0.1 N/mm3 to 0.5 N/mm3, particularly preferably from 0.15 N/mm3 to 0.4 N/mm3.

The bedding modulus is often used to describe the deformation behavior in ballasted track. It describes the relationship between surface pressure and the associated depression. A softer material therefore has a lower bedding modulus and vice versa. In simplified terms, the bedding modulus indicates the surface pressure at which a certain depression occurs.

The elastomer layer of the respective intermediate layer is favorably stiff in the range from 5 kN/mm (kilonewtons per millimeter) to 1,000 kN/mm, preferably from 10 kN/mm to 300 kN/mm, particularly preferably from 20 kN/mm to 200 kN /mm, provided. Stiffness could also be referred to as spring index or support point stiffness. It describes the relationship between the base force and the deflection. With softer materials, the rigidity is lower than with relatively harder materials.

The bedding modulus can be determined, for example, according to DIN 45673, August 2010 edition. Stiffness can be determined according to EN 13146, April 2012 edition.

Using the basic principle of at least two elastic planes in the switch, which can be matched to one another, various special tasks within the switch can be solved better than is possible with the prior art. For example, by using this basic principle, tilting of the sleepers can be better counteracted at special points in the switch, for example this is possible in particular in the frog area or in the area of short sleepers within the switch. For this purpose it is provided according to the invention that the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole of each of the sleepers has at least two differently soft areas, the harder region of the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole under a first rail and the softer region of the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole is arranged under a second of the rails, the first of the rails and the second of the rails being spaced apart from one another and being fastened to the upper side of the sleeper of the respective sleeper and the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the first of the rails and the upper side of the sleeper of this sleeper and the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the second of the rails and the upper side of the sleeper of this sleeper differ in softness relative to one another. In addition to the principle known from the prior art of designing the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole with different degrees of softness in the longitudinal direction along the sleeper, it is also provided that the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers above the sleeper, i.e. on the top side of the sleeper on the longitudinal The points that are spaced apart from each other on the threshold are designed with different degrees of hardness or softness. Provision is particularly preferably made for an intermediate layer with a relatively soft elastomer layer to be located in the area above a relatively soft area of the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole, and vice versa. In this sense, it is therefore advantageously provided that the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the first of the rails and the upper side of the sleeper of this sleeper is harder than the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the second of the rails and the upper side of the sleeper of this sleeper. This variation of the hardness or softness both in the intermediate layer and in the sleeper base along the longitudinal direction of the sleeper, an improved and more homogeneous load transfer can be achieved in a particularly finely tuned manner, in order to counteract tilting of the sleepers. The invention is particularly preferably used in the case of short sleepers adjoining the last continuous sleeper, but also in the so-called frog area of the points.

Another application of the basic principle mentioned above can also be used to avoid abrupt transitions in the elastic properties in Longitudinal direction of the switch so be used both in the longitudinal direction of the main track and the branch track. For this purpose, in preferred variants it is provided that, seen in a longitudinal direction transversely, preferably orthogonally, to the sleepers, the elastomer layers of the sleeper soles of at least two of the sleepers arranged one after the other have different softness relative to one another and also the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers on at least two of the sleepers arranged one after the other are made differently soft relative to one another, with the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers on these two sleepers being equally soft in the event of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole from one of the sleepers to the next longitudinal sleeper and/or in the event of a change in softness the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer from one of the sleepers to the following sleeper in the longitudinal direction the elastomer layers of the sleeper soles under these two sleepers are equally soft. To put it simply, this application of the basic principle mentioned means that changes in the softness in the plane of the sleeper padding are not accompanied at the same time by changes in the softness in the plane of the intermediate layers, but these changes are offset in the longitudinal direction transverse to the sleepers by at least one sleeper relative to one another are. As a result, the changes in the elastic properties along the switch can be smoothed out or smeared. This principle is advantageously used in the entire turnout area. An overlap over several thresholds is favorable. According to this variant of the basic principle mentioned, it is therefore provided that changes in the softness or hardness in the plane of the intermediate layers are always arranged offset to changes in the softness or hardness in the plane of the sleeper pad.

Another application of the basic principle mentioned can be used for improvements in the so-called tongue device area of the points. In this so-called switch device area of the switch, it should be noted on the one hand that there, the ballast bed is usually relatively thin, ie with a relatively small vertical extension and, in addition, the sleepers are designed to be relatively short. On the other hand, in this area of the rail in particular, there is a build-up of forces due to the temperature-related expansion and contraction of the rails, but also due to point heaters that are often arranged there. Both together lead to a tendency for the tracks to buckle horizontally at the side. In order to counteract this tendency, the sleeper pad should be designed to be relatively plastic or tough-elastic in the area of the tongue device, in order to achieve the highest possible resistance to lateral displacement in the ballast bed or on another base. On the other hand, this means that the elastic properties are also relatively hard in the vertical direction. In order to compensate for this, provision can be made for the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer on a respective sleeper to be softer than the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole below this sleeper, particularly in a tongue device area of the points. The relatively soft elastomer layer in the intermediate layer can thus be used to compensate for a relatively hard elastomer layer in the sleeper sole to ensure the required transverse displacement resistance, so that the overall desired elastic behavior results in the vertical direction. In particular, it is advantageously provided that, in particular in a tongue device area of the switch, the elastomer layers of the sleeper sole are viscoelastic with an EPM index in a range from 10% to 25%, preferably from 10% to 20%, with the EPM index like in the WO 2016/077852 A1 is defined and can be measured.

Furthermore, it is favorable if, particularly in a switch device area of the points, the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers have a stiffness in a range from 20 kN/mm to 200 kN/mm, preferably from 40 kN/mm to 100 kN/mm. The preferred relationships and properties specified in patent claims 5 to 8 can each apply to the at least one elastomer layer of the sleeper sole and/or the at least one elastomer layer the intermediate layer, but also apply to the entire sleeper base and/or the entire intermediate layer.

• Fig. 1 eine schematisiert dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Weiche in Form einer sogenannten einfachen Weiche in einer Draufsicht;
• Fig. 2 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie AA aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 zeigt einen schematischen Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie BB aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie CC aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 5 zeigt einen schematisiert dargestellten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie DD aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 6 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie W aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 7 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie ZZ aus Fig. 1 und

Further features and details of preferred variants of the invention are explained below by way of example with reference to the description of the figures. Show it:

• 1 a switch according to the invention shown schematically in the form of a so-called simple switch in a plan view;
• 2 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line AA 1 ;
• 3 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line BB 1 ;
• 4 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line CC 1 ;
• figure 5 shows a schematized vertical section along the section line DD 1 ;
• 6 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line W from 1 ;
• 7 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line ZZ 1 and

8 shows a schematic of an alternative embodiment of an intermediate layer.

At the in 1 Switch 1 shown schematically in a top view is a so-called simple switch, in which a branch track 18 opens into a main track 3 . For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that the invention can also be implemented with so-called crossing switches, in which a branch track 18 opens into the main track 3 on one side and leads beyond it on the other side. Main track 3 is the track that is used the most. Branch track 18 is usually a less frequented track.

The rails 2 are fastened in pairs opposite one another on one of the sleepers 4 in front of and behind the switch. The sleepers 4 are arranged along the entire switch transversely and in some areas even orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 13 of both the main track 3 and the branch track 18 . The switch 1 itself has the switch device area 14 , the intermediate track area 15 and the frog area 16 . The switch rails 23 pivotably arranged on the switch rail joints 23 are located in the switch device area 14. The frog 17 is located in the frog area 16 of the points 1. The intermediate track area 15 of the switch 1 is located between the switch device area 14 and the frog area 16. In the intermediate track area 15 are the Intermediate rails 25 are each rigidly fastened to the sleepers 4. In the switch device area 14, the outer rails 2 are also referred to as stock rails 24. The frog area 16 of the switch 1 ends on the side facing away from the tongue device area 14 with the last continuous sleeper 20, which is also frequently referred to as LDS. Subsequently, both in the area of the main track 3 and in the area of the branch track 18, several so-called short sleepers 21 follow, which, due to the given space conditions, are larger than those in the main track 3 and in the branch track 18 used thresholds 4 can be shortened on one side for reasons of space.

In the area of the frog 17, the rails 2 are often referred to as wing rails 26. The rails 2 in the area of the short sleepers 21 are often referred to as connection rails 27 . In the area between the tracks 15 and the frog area 16, so-called check rails 19 can also be present, as is known per se and is also shown here. The structure of switch 1 described so far 1 is known per se and therefore does not need to be explained further. The term rail 2 basically includes all types of rails 2, regardless of whether they are specifically designated and additionally provided with their own reference sign or not.

For those explained below Figures 2 to 7 each is a schematized vertical section along the cutting lines mentioned above. It is shown how in the corresponding sections the respective rails 2 rest on the sleeper tops 5 of the sleepers 4 by means of the intermediate layers 6 and how the sleepers 4 rest on a ballast bed 28 via the sleeper soles 8 arranged on their sleeper undersides 7 . The way in which the rails 2 and the intermediate layers 6 are fastened to the sleepers 4 is not shown in the illustrations. It can be designed as in the prior art. The same applies to the attachment of the sleeper soles 8 to the sleeper undersides 7 of the sleepers 4.

Instead of the ballast bed 28, a fixed substructure known per se, for example in the form of concrete slabs or the like, can also be present. Particularly in the case of a solid substructure, the sleeper soles 8 can be arranged not only on the underside 7 of the sleeper, but also on the side surfaces of the respective sleeper 4, preferably projecting a little upwards. In this case in particular, the sleeper soles 8 can also be referred to as sleeper shoes become. These can also have sleeper shoe insert plates that are known per se.

Apart from 8 both the intermediate layers 6 and the sleeper soles 8 are shown as single-layer bodies in the form of the elastomer layers 10 and 9, respectively. As explained above, this does not have to be the case. Both the intermediate layers 6 and the sleeper pads 8 can also have other layers in addition to their elastomer layers 10 or 9, as has already been explained at the outset and with reference to those explained further below 8 is also described as an example at least for the intermediate layer 6.

In all the figures described below, the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 and also the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 have been hatched differently. Each type of hatching is an example of a certain degree of hardness or softness of the respective elastomer layer 9 or 10, with the representation chosen being purely about the relationships relative to one another. In all representations, the hardest elastomer layers 9 and 10 are shown with vertical dashed lines. Medium degrees of hardness or softness are diagonally dashed. The relatively softest elastomer layers 9 and 10 are identified by horizontal hatching.

2 shows the vertical section along the section line AA in the intermediate track area 15, in which the rails 2 are also referred to as intermediate rails 25. As explained at the outset, there are two elastic planes that are vertically spaced apart from one another. The lower elastic level is formed by the elastomeric layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 . The upper elastic level is realized by the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6. By matching the elastic properties or the softness of the elastomer layers 9 and 10 used in each case, the overall elasticity along the switch 1 can, generally speaking, be adapted to the respective local requirements become. In the area between the tracks 15 according to 2 the elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is constant over the entire longitudinal extent in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4 . The elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 arranged on the sleeper top 5 are harder than the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper bottom 8, but are designed to be equally soft or hard relative to one another.

3 shows a vertical section along the section line BB Fig.1 in the longitudinal direction 13 of the switch 1 by the same threshold as 2 .

4 shows the vertical section in the frog area 16 of the switch 1 along the section line CC Fig.1 and thus along a sleeper 4 designed as a long sleeper, which is always loaded eccentrically when a train passes over it, since the train runs either along the main track 3 or along the branch track 18 . This inevitably leads to a one-sided load and thus a tendency for the sleepers 4 to tilt in this area. To counteract this, the outer regions 11 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 are made harder than the central region 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8. However, there are limits to this possibility of compensating for tilting effects. In order to avoid overstressing these sleepers 4 in their central section, the softness in the sleeper sole 8 or its elastomer layer 9 in the area 12 must not deviate too much from the edge areas 11 . In order to still achieve an ideal softness of the support of the second rails 30 in this middle area of the sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 along the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4 is also varied. It is therefore a first example in which it is provided that the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 of each of the sleepers 4 has at least two differently soft areas 11 and 12, with the harder region 11 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 below a first of the rails 29 and the softer area 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is arranged under a second of the rails 30, the first of the rails 29 and the second of the rails 30 being fixed at a distance from one another on the sleeper top 5 of the respective sleeper 4 and the elastomer layer 10 of the between the The intermediate layer 6 arranged in the first of the rails 29 and the upper side of the sleeper 5 of this sleeper 4 and the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the second of the rails 30 and the upper side of the sleeper 5 of this sleeper 4 have different hardnesses relative to one another, it being specifically provided that the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the first of the rails 29 and the sleeper top 5 of this sleeper 4 is harder than the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the second of the rails 30 and the sleeper top 5 of this sleeper 4.

A second example in which the softness of the elastomer layers 9 and 10 is varied both in the sleeper sole 8 and in the intermediate layers 6 along the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4 is shown in figure 5 shown. This is a vertical section along line DD 1 , i.e. a vertical section of the short sleeper 21 immediately following the last continuous sleeper 20. These short sleepers 21 tend to tilt, since they protrude less far beyond the rail 2 on one side than on the opposite side due to the limited space required on one side. This tilting effect can also be counteracted with differently soft or hard areas 11 and 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 . However, measurements have shown that although smoothing can be achieved in this way, the loads introduced are still very inhomogeneous, so that different settlements can occur in the substructure, ie in the ballast bed 28 here. Here, too, the additionally present elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6, i.e. a second elastic level, can be used to achieve further fine-tuning of the elasticity or softness in the longitudinal direction 31 along the sleeper 4, which overall results in an improved and more homogeneous Load transfer also leads in the area of these short sleepers 21, which are shortened on one side. Here, too, it is preferably provided that a softer intermediate layer 6 is located over a softer area 12 of the sleeper base 8 and a harder intermediate layer 6 is also located over the harder area 11 of the sleeper base 8 .

6 shows a longitudinal section parallel to the longitudinal direction 13 of the points 1 or the main track 3 transversely to the sleepers 4. Here the principle is realized that changes in the elasticity in the elastomer layers 9 and 10 of the sleeper base 8 and the intermediate layer 6 are only offset to one another, i.e. not be realized between the same thresholds 4. It is in 6 It is therefore provided that, seen in a longitudinal direction 13 transversely, preferably orthogonally, to the sleepers 4, the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 of at least two of the successively arranged sleepers 4 should be differently soft relative to one another and also the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 on at least two of the successively arranged sleepers 4 are also made differently soft relative to each other, whereby in the case of a change in softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 from one of the sleepers 4 to the next sleeper 4 in the longitudinal direction 13, the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 on these two sleepers 4 are equally soft and/or in the event of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 from one of the sleepers 4 to the next sleeper 4 in the longitudinal direction, the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 under these two sleepers 4 are equally soft. Due to the fact that the changes in elasticity or softness at transitions in the two elastic planes take place offset to one another in the longitudinal direction 13, abrupt changes in the elastic properties along the switch 1 are avoided. So there is a kind of smearing or leveling effect. In 6 this is shown as an example. Seen from left to right, the elasticity of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 changes between the first and the second sleeper 4, while the elasticity of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 during the transition from the first to second threshold 4 remains the same. The elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 9 in the sleeper sole 8 is then changed from the second to the third sleeper 4, while the elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains unchanged at the transition between these two sleepers. Between the third and fourth and between the fourth and fifth sleepers 4, neither the elasticity of the elastomer layer 9 nor that of the elastomer layer 10 changes, while between the fifth and sixth sleepers 4 the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 changes, while the Softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains the same. During the transition from the sixth to the seventh sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 is changed, while there is no longer any change in the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 between these two sleepers 4. This principle is advantageously implemented over the entire length of the switch 1, ie both in the main track 3 and in the branch track 18.

In the case of the previously based Figures 4 to 6 In accordance with the principles described, it is fundamentally favorable for the stiffness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 to be in the range between 5 and 150 kN/mm for a bedding modulus of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 in the range from 0.02 to 0.2 N/mm ³ . If the bedding modulus of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is in the range from 0.2 to 0.3 N/mm ³ , then the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 in such variants advantageously has a stiffness in the range from 10 to 200 kN/mm. If the bedding modulus of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is in a range from 0.3 to 0.6 N/mm ³ , then the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 advantageously has a stiffness in the range from 15 to 250 kN/mm in the variants mentioned on.

7 shows the section ZZ out 1 in the tongue device area 14. To ensure a correspondingly high transverse displacement resistance between the respective sleeper 4 and the subsoil, here in the form of the ballast bed 28, sleeper pads 8 are advantageously used here, the elastomer layers 10 of which have tough elastic properties. The EPM index of the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 in this area is advantageously in the range between 10% and 25%, preferably between 10% and 20%. The bedding modulus of the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 in this tongue device area 14 is advantageously in the range from 0.1 to 0.6 N/mm ³ . In order to nevertheless achieve a sufficiently soft mounting of the rails 2 in the vertical direction, the intermediate layers 6 in this switch device area 14 are suitably designed to be correspondingly soft. The elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 advantageously have a stiffness in the range from 20 to 200 kN/mm, preferably from 40 to 100 kN/mm. Overall, in the switch device area 14 of the switch 1, it is therefore advantageously provided that the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 on a respective one of the sleepers 4 is softer than the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 under this sleeper 4.

In the sections shown so far, the intermediate layer 6 consists in each case of a single elastomer layer 10. As already explained at the outset, the intermediate layer 6 can also be constructed in multiple layers and from different materials. Such an example is in 8 shown. Here the intermediate layer 6 has a metal plate 32 in addition to the elastomer layer 10 . The rail 2 is fastened to the metal plate 32 . Such metal plates 32 can be used, for example, to increase the area with which the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 is pressed. There are, of course, numerous other variants of how the intermediate layer 6 can have a multi-layer structure. This also applies to the sleeper sole 8, reference being made here in particular to the prior art already mentioned at the outset, which shows multi-layer sleeper soles 8.

Key to the reference numbers:

1

soft

2

rail

3

main track

4

threshold

5

sill top

6

liner

7

sill bottom

8th

sleeper pad

9

elastomer layer

10

elastomer layer

11

Area

12

Area

13

longitudinal direction

14

tongue device area

15

intermediate track area

16

core area

17

heart

18

branch track

19

check handlebar

20

LDS

21

short threshold

22

tongue splints

23

tongue splint joint

24

stock rails

25

intermediate rails

26

wing rails

27

connecting rails

28

gravel bed

29

first rail

30

second rail

31

longitudinal direction

32

metal plate

Claims (8)

1. Points (1) for a track system for rail vehicles, wherein the points (1) have rails (2) and a sequence of sleepers (4), and at least two of the rails (2) are fastened in each case on a sleeper upper side (5) of the respective sleeper (4) such that they are opposite each other in pairs, and an intermediate layer (6) is arranged in each case between a respective one of the rails (2). and the respective sleeper upper side (5), and the sleepers (4) each have a respective sleeper pad (8) on sleeper undersides (7), which are opposite their respective sleeper upper sides (5), and the sleeper pads (8) each have at least one elastomer layer (9), and the intermediate layers (6) each have at least one elastomer layer (10), characterized in that the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper pad (8) of a respective one of the sleepers (4) has at least two regions (11, 12) with different softnesses, wherein the harder region (11) of the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper pad (8) is arranged under a first of the rails (2, 29) and the softer region (12) of the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper pad (8) is arranged under a second of the rails (2, 30), wherein the first of the rails (2, 29) and the second of the rails (2, 30) are fastened at a distance from each other on the sleeper upper side (5) of the respective sleeper (4), and the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) arranged between the first of the rails (2, 29) and the sleeper upper side (5) of this sleeper (4) and the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) arranged between the second of the rails (2, 30) and the sleeper upper side (5) of this sleeper (4) have a different softness relative to each other.
2. Points (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the points (1), the elastomer layers (9) of at least two different sleeper pads (8) have a mutually different bedding modulus, and/or in that, in the points (1), the elastomer layers (10) of at least two different intermediate layers (6) have a mutually different stiffness.
3. Points (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastomer layer (9) of the respective sleeper pad (8) has a bedding modulus in the range of 0.02 N/mm3 to 0.6 N/mm3, preferably 0.1 N/mm3 to 0.5 N/mm3, particularly preferably 0.15 N/mm3 to 0.4 N/mm3, and/or in that the elastomer layer (10) of the respective intermediate layer (6) has a stiffness in the range of 5 kN/mm to 1000 kN/mm, preferably 10 kN/mm to 300 kN/mm, particularly preferably 20 kN/mm to 200 kN/mm.
4. Points (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastomer layer (10) of the respective intermediate layer (6) and/or the elastomer layer (9) of the respective sleeper pad (8) comprises or consists of polyurethane or rubber, preferably expanded polyurethane or rubber, or a mixture containing polyurethane and/or rubber, preferably expanded polyurethane and/or rubber.
5. Points (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) arranged between the first of the rails (2, 29) and the sleeper upper side (5) of this sleeper (4) is harder than the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) arranged between the second of the rails (2, 30) and the sleeper upper side (5) of this sleeper (4).
6. Points (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in particular in a switch area (14) of the points (1), the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) on a respective one of the sleepers (4) is softer than the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper pad (8) under this sleeper (4).
7. Points (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in particular in a switch area (14) of the points (1), the elastomer layers (9) of the sleeper pad (8) are designed to be viscoplastic with an EPM index in a range of 10% to 25%, preferably 10% to 20%.
8. Points (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, in particular in a switch area (14) of the points (4), the elastomer layers (10) of the intermediate layers (6) have a stiffness in a range of 20 kN/mm to 200 kN/mm, preferably 40 kN/mm to 100 kN/mm.

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