EP3798360A1 - Switch - Google Patents

Abstract

Switch (1) for a track system for rail vehicles, the switch (1) having rails (2) and a sequence of sleepers (4) and at least two of the rails (2) on each sleeper top (5) of the respective sleeper (4) are fastened in pairs opposite one another and between a respective one of the rails (2) and the respective sleeper top side (5) an intermediate layer (6) is arranged and the sleepers (4) each on, their respective sleeper top sides (5) opposite, sleeper undersides (7) each have a sleeper sole (8) and the sleeper sole (8) each have at least one elastomer layer (9), the intermediate layers (6) each having at least one elastomer layer (10).

Description

The present invention relates to a switch for a track system for rail vehicles, wherein the switch has rails and a sequence of sleepers and at least two of the rails are attached in pairs opposite one another on a sleeper top side of the respective sleeper and between a respective one of the rails and the respective sleeper top side an intermediate layer is arranged and the sleepers each have a sleeper bottom opposite their respective sleeper topsides, and the sleeper pads each have at least one elastomer layer.

Turnouts represent crossing points in track systems, at which at least one branch track is introduced into or out of a main track. There are so-called simple turnouts in which a branch track is led out of a main track or introduced into it. But there are also so-called crossing points, where a branch track crosses a main track and leads out on both sides.

It is known in the prior art to equip tracks both in the area between switches and in the area of the switches with elastomer layers in order to achieve smoothing of rail sinking and vibration damping when a train passes over. It is known, for example, to arrange so-called sleeper pads under the sleepers. These sleeper soles are thus located between the sleeper and a ballast bed or a solid roadway on which the respective sleeper rests. Sleeper pads are for example from the AT 506 529 B1 and the WO 2016/077852 A1 known. In the AT 506 529 B1 For example, a sleeper sole is proposed in which there is a tangled fiber layer on an elastic layer of the sleeper sole on the side facing the sleeper and one on the opposite side Reinforcement layer and another elastic layer are attached. The tangled fiber layer is used to attach the sleeper sole to sleepers cast from concrete. The reinforcement layer on the other side of the sleeper base limits the penetration of the ballast of the ballast bed into the sleeper base to the desired extent.

In the prior art, however, elastic intermediate layers are also known on the upper side of the sleeper, that is between the rail and the sleeper. This is for example in the EP 0 552 788 A1 described.

The AT 503 772 B1 shows a generic switch in which sleeper soles with at least one elastomer layer are arranged on the undersides of the sleepers. Between the rails and the sleepers are located in the AT 503 772 B1 Intermediate layers, which are referred to as fastening means in this document. From the AT 503 772 B1 It is also known to vary the softness or hardness of the sleeper soling over the length of the sleeper.

In the prior art, various approaches are therefore known to ensure smoothing of rail sinking when a train crosses, especially in switches for track systems, whereby in the prior art a single elastic layer is used in the overall structure and, if necessary, optimized in order to achieve this goal.

The object of the invention is to improve a switch of the type mentioned above in such a way that an improved smoothing of the sinking of the rail can be achieved when a train is crossing.

Based on the generic state of the art, the invention proposes a switch for this purpose according to claim 1, in which the intermediate layers in each case have at least one elastomer layer.

In contrast to the prior art, it is a basic idea of the invention to implement not just one but at least two, seen in the installed position, elastic planes spaced from one another in the vertical direction in order to improve the smoothing of the rail sinking when the train passes over the switch. An elastic plane is formed by the at least one elastomer layer of the sleeper soles. A second elastic level is formed by the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers. The elastic properties of these elastomer layers can be matched to one another depending on the requirements in order to achieve a coordinated optimization using both elastic levels. As a result, the insulation properties of the overall system of the switch can be adapted very precisely to the various requirements occurring in the switch at different locations. The deflection can be homogenized over the course of the switch. The inclusion of at least one second elastic level allows the elastic properties of the switch to be fine-tuned to the specific tasks to be solved locally within the switch at different points.

In the case of switches according to the invention, both the sleeper pads and the intermediate layers can each be constructed in one or more parts. Both the sleeper pads and the intermediate layers can each consist of a single elastomer layer. However, they can each also have several layers of elastomer. In addition, the sleeper soles and the intermediate layers can also have non-elastic components or layers. In the case of the sleeper pads, it can be, for example, from the AT 506 772 B1 known multilayer structure with two elastic layers, a reinforcement layer and a tangled fiber or connecting layer act. In addition to the at least one elastomer layer, the intermediate layers can also, for example Have metal plates, as is also explained below by way of example in the description of the figures.

Preferred variants of the invention provide that in the switch the elastomer layers of at least two different sleeper pads have a different bedding module and / or that in the switch the elastomer layers of at least two different intermediate layers have a different rigidity from one another. In the interests of diversity, it is conveniently provided that the bedding modules of the elastomer layers of the at least two different sleeper pads differ from one another by an amount of at least 25% of the larger bedding module and / or that the stiffness of the elastomer layers of the at least two different intermediate layers by an amount of at least 25% the greater rigidity differ from each other.

In particular, the sleeper soles can also have areas of different hardness or softness along the longitudinal direction of the sleeper. It can be a single, continuous sleeper base, but also separate sections which together form the sleeper base.

As the term suggests, the elastomer layers are layers of at least one elastomer. Elastomers are dimensionally stable but elastically deformable plastics that deform elastically under tensile and compressive loads, but then at least essentially find their way back to their original, undeformed shape. It is particularly preferably provided that the elastomer layer of the respective intermediate layer and / or the elastomer layer of the respective sleeper sole comprises polyurethane or rubber or a mixture with polyurethane and / or rubber. The elastomer layers mentioned can also consist entirely of the materials mentioned. Rubber can be natural or synthetic rubber elastomers. Prefers it is foamed polyurethane and / or foamed rubber. Both foamed variants are preferably designed with closed pores.

It is preferably provided that the elastomer layer of the respective sleeper sole has a bedding module in the range from 0.02 N / mm3 (Newtons per cubic millimeter) to 0.6 N / mm3, preferably from 0.1 N / mm3 to 0.5 N / mm3, particularly preferably from 0.15 N / mm3 to 0.4 N / mm3.

The bedding module is often used to describe the deformation behavior in the ballast track. It describes the relationship between the surface pressure and the associated depression. A softer material therefore has a smaller bedding module and vice versa. In simplified terms, the bedding module indicates the surface pressure at which a certain depression results.

In the case of the elastomer layer of the respective intermediate layer, a stiffness in the range from 5 kN / mm (kilonewtons per millimeter) to 1,000 kN / mm, preferably from 10 kN / mm to 300 kN / mm, particularly preferably from 20 kN / mm to 200 kN, is favorable / mm, provided. The stiffness could also be referred to as the spring number or support point stiffness. It describes the relationship between the support force and the subsidence. The stiffness of softer materials is lower than that of relatively harder materials.

The bedding module can, for example, be determined in accordance with DIN 45673, August 2010 edition. The stiffness can be determined according to EN 13146, April 2012 edition.

Using the basic principle according to the invention of the at least two elastic planes in the switch, which can be matched to one another accordingly, various special tasks within the switch can be solved better than is possible with the prior art. For example, can a tilting of the sleepers can be better counteracted using the basic principle according to the invention at special points in the switch, for example this is possible in particular in the frog area or in the area of short sleepers within the switch. For this purpose, it is provided in particularly preferred embodiments of the invention that the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole of a respective one of the sleepers has at least two differently soft areas, the harder area of the elastomeric layer of the sleeper sole under a first of the rails and the softer area of the elastomeric layer of the sleeper sole under a second of the rails, the first of the rails and the second of the rails being fixed at a distance from one another on the upper side of the sleeper of the respective sleeper and the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the first of the rails and the upper side of the sleeper of this sleeper and the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer between the second of the rails and the intermediate layer arranged on the sleeper top side of this sleeper are differently soft relative to one another. In addition to the principle known per se from the prior art, the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole can also be designed to be differently soft in the longitudinal direction along the sleeper, so that the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers above the sleeper, i.e. on the top of the sleeper, on the in the longitudinal direction of the Threshold to each other distanced places are designed differently hard or soft. It is particularly preferably provided that in the area above a relatively soft area of the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole there is also an intermediate layer with a relatively soft elastomer layer, and vice versa. In this sense, it is advantageously provided that the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the first of the rails and the sleeper top of this sleeper is harder than the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer arranged between the second of the rails and the sleeper top of this sleeper. This variation of the hardness or softness both in the intermediate layer and in the sleeper sole along the longitudinal direction of the sleeper can be particularly fine In a coordinated manner, an improved and more homogeneous load transfer can be achieved in order to counteract tilting of the sleepers. This variant of the basic principle according to the invention is particularly preferably used in the case of short sleepers adjoining the last continuous sleeper, but also in the so-called focal area of the switch.

Another application of the above-mentioned basic principle of the invention in turnouts according to the invention can also be used to avoid sudden transitions in the elastic properties in the longitudinal direction of the turnout, i.e. both in the longitudinal direction of the main track and the branch track. For this purpose, it is provided in preferred variants that, viewed in a longitudinal direction transversely, preferably orthogonally, to the sleepers, the elastomer layers of the sleeper soles of at least two of the sleepers arranged one after the other are differently soft relative to one another and also the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers on at least two of the sleepers arranged one after the other are designed to be differently soft relative to each other, with the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers on these two sleepers being equally soft in the event of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole from one of the sleepers to the sleeper following in the longitudinal direction and / or in the case of a change in softness of the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer from one of the sleepers to the sleeper following in the longitudinal direction, the elastomer layers of the sleeper soles under these two sleepers are equally soft. Put simply, this application of the basic principle according to the invention provides that changes in the softness in the level of the sleeper soling are not accompanied by changes in the softness in the level of the intermediate layers, but these changes are offset in the longitudinal direction across the sleepers by at least one sleeper relative to one another are. This allows the changes in the elastic properties along the switch to be smoothed or smeared. This principle is favorably implemented in the applied throughout the turnout area. Overlapping over several thresholds is beneficial. According to this variant of the basic principle according to the invention it is provided that changes in the softness or hardness in the plane of the intermediate layers are always offset from changes in the softness or hardness in the plane of the sleeper soling.

Another application of the basic principle according to the invention can be used to improve the so-called switch device area of the switch. In this so-called switch device area of the switch, it should be noted on the one hand that the ballast bed there is generally relatively thin, that is to say with a relatively small vertical extension, and that the sleepers are also relatively short. On the other hand, there is an accumulation of forces in this area of the rail in particular due to the temperature-related expansion and contraction of the rails, but also due to the point heaters that are often arranged there. Both together lead to a tendency of the tracks to buckle horizontally to the side. In order to counteract this tendency, the sleeper soling in the tongue device area should be made relatively plastic or viscoplastic in order to achieve the highest possible lateral displacement resistance in the ballast bed or on some other surface. On the other hand, however, this leads to the elastic properties being relatively hard in the vertical direction as well. To compensate for this, it can be provided that, in particular in a tongue device area of the switch, the elastomer layer of the intermediate layer on a respective one of the sleepers is softer than the elastomer layer of the sleeper sole under this sleeper. Due to the relatively soft elastomer layer in the intermediate layer, a relatively hard elastomer layer in the sleeper sole to ensure the required lateral displacement resistance can be compensated for in such a way that the desired elastic behavior overall results in the vertical direction. In particular, it is advantageously provided that, in particular in a tongue device area of the switch, the elastomer layers of the sleeper sole are viscoplastic with an EPM index in a range from 10% to 25%, preferably from 10% to 20%, the EPM index as in FIG WO 2016/077852 A1 is defined and can be measured.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in particular in a tongue device area of the switch, the elastomer layers of the intermediate layers have a stiffness in a range from 20 kN / mm to 200 kN / mm, preferably from 40 kN / mm to 100 kN / mm. The preferred relationships and properties specified in claims 5 to 10 can apply to the at least one elastomer layer of the sleeper sole and / or the at least one elastomer layer of the intermediate layer, but also to the entire sleeper sole and / or the entire intermediate layer.

• Fig. 1 eine schematisiert dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Weiche in Form einer sogenannten einfachen Weiche in einer Draufsicht;
• Fig. 2 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie AA aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 zeigt einen schematischen Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie BB aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie CC aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 5 zeigt einen schematisiert dargestellten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie DD aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 6 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie VV aus Fig. 1;
• Fig. 7 zeigt einen schematisierten Vertikalschnitt entlang der Schnittlinie ZZ aus Fig. 1 und
• Fig. 8 zeigt schematisiert eine alternative Ausgestaltungsform einer Zwischenlage.

Further features and details of preferred variants of the invention are explained below by way of example with reference to the description of the figures. Show it:

• Fig. 1 a schematically illustrated switch according to the invention in the form of a so-called simple switch in a plan view;
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line AA from Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 3 FIG. 11 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line BB from FIG Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 4 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line CC from Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 5 FIG. 4 shows a schematically illustrated vertical section along the section line DD from FIG Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 6 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line VV from Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 7 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line ZZ from Fig. 1 and
• Fig. 8 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of an intermediate layer.

At the in Fig. 1 Switch 1, shown schematically in a plan view, is a so-called simple switch, in which a branch track 18 opens into a main track 3. For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that the invention can also be implemented with so-called crossing points, in which a branch track 18 opens into the main track 3 on one side and leads beyond it on the other side. The main track 3 is the track that is used the most. Branch track 18 is usually a less traveled track.

In front of and behind the switch, the rails 2 are fastened in pairs opposite one another on each of the sleepers 4. The sleepers 4 are arranged along the entire switch transversely and in some areas even orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 13 of both the main track 3 and the branch track 18. The switch 1 itself has the switch device area 14, the intermediate track area 15 and the frog area 16. In the switch device area 14 are the tongue rails 23, which are pivotably arranged on the tongue rail joints 23. The frog 17 is located in the frog area 16 of the switch 1 Intermediate rails 25 fixed rigidly on the sleepers 4 in each case. In the tongue device area 14, the outer rails 2 are also referred to as stock rails 24. The frog area 16 of the switch 1 ends on the side facing away from the switch device area 14 with the last continuous threshold 20, which is also often referred to as LDS. Subsequently, several so-called short sleepers 21 follow both in the area of the main track 3 and in the area of the branch track 18, which due to the given space conditions compared to those in the main track 3 and in the branch track 18 used thresholds 4 can be shortened on one side for reasons of space.

In the area of the frog 17, the rails 2 are often referred to as wing rails 26. The rails 2 in the area of the short sleepers 21 are often referred to as connecting rails 27. In the intermediate track area 15 and the frog area 16, as is known per se and also shown here, so-called wheel control arms 19 can also be present. The structure of the switch 1 described so far Fig. 1 is known per se and therefore does not need to be explained further. The term “rail 2” basically encompasses all types of rails 2, regardless of whether or not they are specifically designated and additionally provided with their own sign.

With the below explained Figures 2 to 7 each is a schematic representation of vertical sections along the above-mentioned cutting lines. It is shown in each case how the respective rails 2 rest on the sleeper tops 5 of the sleepers 4 by means of the intermediate layers 6 and the sleepers 4 rest on a ballast bed 28 via the sleeper soles 8 arranged on their sleeper undersides 7. The type of attachment of the rails 2 and the intermediate layers 6 to the sleepers 4 is not shown in the illustrations. It can be carried out as in the prior art. The same applies to the fastening of the sleeper soles 8 to the sleeper undersides 7 of the sleepers 4.

Instead of the ballast bed 28, a solid substructure known per se, for example in the form of concrete slabs or the like, can also be present. The sleeper soles 8 can, in particular in the case of a solid substructure, not only be arranged on the underside 7 of the sleeper, but also protrude upwards on the side surfaces of the respective sleeper 4, preferably a little. In this case in particular, the sleeper pads 8 can also be referred to as sleeper shoes will. These can also have sleeper shoe insert plates known per se.

Apart from Fig. 8 Both the intermediate layers 6 and the sleeper pads 8 are shown designed as a single-layer body in the form of the elastomer layers 10 and 9, respectively. As explained at the beginning, this does not have to be the case. Both the intermediate layers 6 and the sleeper soles 8 can also have further layers in addition to their elastomer layers 10 or 9, as already explained at the beginning and with reference to those explained further below Fig. 8 is also described by way of example at least for the intermediate layer 6.

In all the figures described below, the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 and also the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 have been hatched differently. Each type of hatching is an example of a certain hardness or softness of the respective elastomer layer 9 or 10, the chosen representation being purely about the relationships relative to one another. In all of the illustrations, the hardest elastomer layers 9 and 10 are dashed vertically. Average degrees of hardness or softness are dashed diagonally. The relatively softest elastomer layers 9 and 10 are indicated by horizontal hatching.

Fig. 2 shows the vertical section along the section line AA in the intermediate track area 15, in which the rails 2 are also referred to as intermediate rails 25. As explained at the outset, there are two elastic planes that are vertically spaced from one another. The lower elastic level is formed by the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8. The upper elastic level is realized by the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6. By coordinating the elastic properties or the softness of the elastomer layers 9 and 10 used in each case, the overall elasticity along the switch 1 can, generally speaking, be adapted to the local requirements will. In the intermediate track area 15 according to Fig. 2 the elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is designed to be constant over the entire longitudinal extent in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4. The elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 arranged on the sleeper top side 5 are harder than the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8, but are designed to be equally soft or hard relative to one another.

Fig. 3 shows a vertical section along the section line BB from Fig. 1 in the longitudinal direction 13 of the switch 1 through the same threshold as Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 shows the vertical section in the frog region 16 of the switch 1 along the section line CC Fig. 1 and thus along a sleeper 4 designed as a long sleeper, which is always eccentrically loaded when a train passes over, since the train travels either along the main track 3 or along the branch track 18. This inevitably leads to one-sided loading and thus a tendency for the thresholds 4 to tilt in this area. To counteract this, the outer areas 11 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 are made harder than the central area 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8. However, there are limits to this possibility of compensating for tilting effects. In order to avoid overstressing these sleepers 4 in their central section, the softness in the sleeper sole 8 or its elastomer layer 9 in the area 12 must not deviate too much from the edge areas 11. In order to nevertheless achieve ideal softness of the support of the second rails 30 in this central region of the sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 is also varied along the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4. It is thus a first example in which it is provided that the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 of a respective one of the sleepers 4 has at least two differently soft areas 11 and 12, the harder area 11 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 below a first the rails 29 and the softer area 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is arranged under a second of the rails 30, the first of the rails 29 and the second of the rails 30 being attached at a distance from one another on the sleeper top 5 of the respective sleeper 4 and the elastomer layer 10 of the between the The first of the rails 29 and the sleeper top 5 of this sleeper 4 arranged intermediate layer 6 and the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the second of the rails 30 and the sleeper top 5 of this sleeper 4 are of different hardness relative to one another, whereby here it is specifically provided that the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the first of the rails 29 and the sleeper top side 5 of this sleeper 4 is harder than the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 arranged between the second of the rails 30 and the sleeper top side 5 of this sleeper 4.

A second example in which the softness of the elastomer layers 9 and 10 is varied both in the sleeper sole 8 and in the intermediate layers 6 along the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4 is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown. This is a vertical section along the section line DD Fig. 1 That is, around a vertical section of the short sleeper 21 immediately following the last continuous sleeper 20. These short sleepers 21 tend to tilt because they protrude less than the rail 2 on one side than on the opposite side due to the limited space required on one side. This tilting effect can also be counteracted with regions 11 and 12 of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 of different softness or hardness. Measurements have shown, however, that smoothing can be achieved in this way, but the loads introduced are still very inhomogeneous, so that different settlements can occur in the substructure, i.e. here in the ballast bed 28. Here, too, the additional elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6, ie a second elastic level, allow further fine-tuning of the elasticities or softness in the longitudinal direction 31 along the sleeper 4, resulting in an improved and more homogeneous overall Load transfer also leads in the area of these short sleepers 21 shortened on one side. Here, too, it is preferably provided that a softer intermediate layer 6 is located above a softer area 12 of the sleeper sole 8 and a harder intermediate layer 6 is also located above the harder area 11 of the sleeper sole 8.

Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section parallel to the longitudinal direction 13 of the switch 1 or the main track 3 transversely to the sleepers 4. Here, the principle is implemented that changes in elasticity in the elastomer layers 9 and 10 of the sleeper sole 8 and the intermediate layer 6 are only offset from one another, i.e. not can be realized between the same thresholds 4. It is in Fig. 6 Thus, it is provided that, viewed in a longitudinal direction 13 transversely, preferably orthogonally, to the sleepers 4, the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 of at least two of the successively arranged sleepers 4 are differently soft relative to one another and also the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 on at least two of the successively arranged sleepers 4 are also designed to be differently soft relative to one another, with the elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 on these two sleepers in the event of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 from one of the sleepers 4 to the sleeper 4 following in the longitudinal direction 13 4 are equally soft and / or in the event of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 from one of the sleepers 4 to the sleeper 4 following in the longitudinal direction, the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 under these two sleepers 4 are equally soft. Because the changes in elasticity or softness take place offset from one another in the longitudinal direction 13 at transitions in the two elastic planes, sudden changes in the elastic properties along the switch 1 are avoided. So there is a kind of smear or equalization effect. In Fig. 6 this is shown as an example. Viewed from left to right, the elasticity of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 initially changes between the first and the second sleeper 4, while the elasticity of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 changes during the transition from the first to second threshold 4 remains the same. The elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 9 in the sleeper sole 8 is then changed from the second to the third sleeper 4, while the elasticity or softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains unchanged at the transition between these two sleepers. Between the third and fourth and between the fourth and fifth sleeper 4, neither the elasticity of the elastomer layer 9 nor that of the elastomer layer 10 changes, while the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 changes between the fifth and sixth sleeper 4, while the Softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains the same. During the transition from the sixth to the seventh sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 is changed, while the softness of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 between these two sleepers 4 no longer changes. This principle is advantageously implemented over the entire length of the switch 1, that is, both in the main track 3 and in the branch track 18.

With the so far based on the Figures 4 to 6 According to the principles described, it is fundamentally favorable that with a bedding module of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 in the range from 0.02 to 0.2 N / mm ^3, the stiffness of the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 is in the range between 5 and 150 kN / mm. If the bedding modulus of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is in the range from 0.2 to 0.3 N / mm ³ , the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 advantageously has a stiffness in the range from 10 to 200 kN / mm in such variants. If, on the other hand, the bedding modulus of the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 is in a range from 0.3 to 0.6 N / mm ³ , the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 in the variants mentioned advantageously has a stiffness in the range from 15 to 250 kN / mm on.

Fig. 7 shows the section ZZ from Fig. 1 in the switch device area 14. To ensure a correspondingly high lateral displacement resistance between the the respective sleeper 4 and the ground, here in the form of the ballast bed 28, sleeper pads 8 are advantageously used here, the elastomer layers 10 of which have viscoplastic properties. The EPM index of the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 in this area is advantageously in the range between 10% and 25%, preferably between 10% and 20%. The bedding modulus of the elastomer layers 9 of the sleeper soles 8 in this tongue device area 14 is advantageously in the range from 0.1 to 0.6 N / mm ³ . In order to nevertheless achieve a sufficiently soft mounting of the rails 2 in the vertical direction, the intermediate layers 6 in this tongue device area 14 are advantageously designed to be correspondingly soft. The elastomer layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 here advantageously have a rigidity in the range from 20 to 200 kN / mm, preferably from 40 to 100 kN / mm. Overall, in the tongue device area 14 of the switch 1, it is therefore advantageously provided that the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 on a respective one of the sleepers 4 is softer than the elastomer layer 9 of the sleeper sole 8 under this sleeper 4.

In the sections shown so far, the intermediate layer 6 consists in each case of a single elastomer layer 10. As already explained at the beginning, however, the intermediate layer 6 can also be made up of multiple layers and of different materials. One such example is in Fig. 8 shown. Here, the intermediate layer 6 has a metal plate 32 in addition to the elastomer layer 10. The rail 2 is fastened to the metal plate 32. Such metal plates 32 can be used, for example, to enlarge the area with which the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 is pressed. Of course, there are numerous other variants of how the intermediate layer 6 can be constructed in multiple layers. This also applies to the sleeper pad 8, reference being made in particular to the prior art already mentioned at the beginning, which shows multilayer sleeper pads 8. Legend for the reference numbers: 1 Soft 17th Centerpiece 2 rail 18th Branch track 3 Main track 19th Handlebars 4th threshold 20th LDS 5 Threshold top 21 Short threshold 6th Liner 22nd Tongue rails 7th Threshold underside 23 Tongue rail joint 8th Sleeper pad 24 Stock rails 9 Elastomer layer 25th Intermediate rails 10 Elastomer layer 26th Wing rails 11 Area 27 Connecting bars 12th Area 28 Gravel bed 13th Longitudinal direction 29 first rail 14th Tongue device area 30th second rail 15th Inter-track area 31 Longitudinal direction 16 Centerpiece area 32 Metal plate

Claims (10)

Switch (1) for a track system for rail vehicles, the switch (1) having rails (2) and a sequence of sleepers (4) and at least two of the rails (2) on each sleeper top (5) of the respective sleeper (4) are fastened in pairs opposite one another and between a respective one of the rails (2) and the respective sleeper top side (5) an intermediate layer (6) is arranged and the sleepers (4) each on, their respective sleeper top sides (5) opposite, sleeper undersides (7) each have a sleeper sole (8) and the sleeper sole (8) each have at least one elastomer layer (9), characterized in that the intermediate layers (6) each have at least one elastomer layer (10). Switch (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the switch (1) the elastomer layers (9) of at least two different sleeper pads (8) have a different bedding module and / or that in the switch (1) the elastomer layers (10 ) of at least two different intermediate layers (6) have a different rigidity from one another. Switch (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastomer layer (9) of the respective sleeper sole (8) has a bedding module in the range from 0.02 N / mm3 to 0.6 N / mm3, preferably 0.1 N. / mm3 to 0.5 N / mm3, particularly preferably from 0.15 N / mm3 to 0.4 N / mm3, and / or that the elastomer layer (10) of the respective intermediate layer (6) has a rigidity in the range of 5 kN / mm to 1000 kN / mm, preferably from 10 kN / mm to 300 kN / mm, particularly preferably from 20 kN / mm to 200 kN / mm. Switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastomer layer (10) of the respective intermediate layer (6) and / or the elastomer layer (9) of the respective sleeper sole (8), preferably foamed, polyurethane or rubber or a Has or consists of a mixture with, preferably foamed, polyurethane and / or rubber. Switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper sole (8) of a respective one of the sleepers (4) has at least two areas (11, 12) of different softness, the harder area ( 11) the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper sole (8) under a first of the rails (2, 29) and the softer area (12) of the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper sole (8) under a second of the rails (2, 30) is, wherein the first of the rails (2, 29) and the second of the rails (2, 30) are attached at a distance from each other on the sleeper top (5) of the respective sleeper (4) and the elastomer layer (10) between the first of the rails (2, 29) and the sleeper top (5) of this sleeper (4) arranged intermediate layer (6) and the elastomer layer (10) between the second of the rails (2, 30) and the sleeper top (5) of this sleeper (4) Intermediate layer (6) differently weic relative to one another h are. Switch (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) arranged between the first of the rails (2, 29) and the sleeper top side (5) of this sleeper (4) is harder than the elastomer layer (10) ) the intermediate layer (6) arranged between the second of the rails (2, 30) and the upper side of the sleeper (5) of this sleeper (4). Switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that , viewed in a longitudinal direction (13) transversely, preferably orthogonally, to the sleepers (4), the elastomer layers (9) of the sleeper soles (8) of at least two of the successively arranged thresholds (4) relative to one another differently soft and also the elastomer layers (10) of the intermediate layers (6) on at least two of the successively arranged sleepers (4) are also made differently soft relative to one another, in the case of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper sole (8) from one of the sleepers (4) to the sleeper (4) following in the longitudinal direction (13) the elastomer layers (10) of the intermediate layers (6) on these two sleepers (4) are equally soft and / or in the event of a change in the softness of the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) from one of the sleepers (4) to the sleeper (4) following in the longitudinal direction (13), the elastomer layers (9) of the sleeper soles (8) under these two sleepers (4) are equally soft. Switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that , in particular in a tongue device area (14) of the switch (1), the elastomer layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) on a respective one of the sleepers (4) is softer as the elastomer layer (9) of the sleeper sole (8) under this sleeper (4). Switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that , in particular in a tongue device area (14) of the switch (1), the elastomer layers (9) of the sleeper sole (8) are viscoplastic with an EPM index in a range of 10% to 25%, preferably from 10% to 20%, are formed. Switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that , in particular in a tongue device area (14) of the switch (4), the elastomer layers (10) of the intermediate layers (6) have a stiffness in a range of 20 kN / mm to 200 kN / mm, preferably from 40 kN / mm to 100 kN / mm.

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