EP2108738A1 - Sleeper sole - Google Patents

Abstract

The tie (1) has a tie body (2) including an upper side (3) facing a guide rail (6), and a lower side (4) installed on a ballast bed (10). Ballast grains (10a) are retained in a region of the lower side of the tie body and stand away from the tie. The ballast grains contact adjacent ballast grains (10b) of the ballast bed in an operating position of the tie. Volume of predominant quantity of ballast grains (10a) retained at the tie amounts to 45 to 55 percentages of volume of adjacent ballast grains of the ballast bed in the operating position of the tie.

Description

The invention relates to a threshold for a track for rail vehicles with a threshold body, which in use position a rail facing top and an opposite, to be laid on a ballast base and is optionally provided with a vibration damping coating, wherein in the region of the underside of the threshold body gravel grains are held, which protrude from the threshold and contact in the position of use of the threshold adjacent gravel grains of the ballast bed, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Railroad track sleepers were mostly made of wood, but concrete is increasingly being used. However, the experience with concrete sleepers has shown that, for example, when laying the track in a ballast bed, the gravel grains only touch the concrete sleepers when installed. This results in the (small) contact surfaces when crossing rail vehicles to large local loads of gravel grains. The result is the rapid wear and sometimes the destruction of the ballast, which has a negative impact on the track quality of the track.

This effect had not been detected in wooden sleepers. On the contrary, it was shown that wooden sleepers have indentations or impressions of the gravel grains after a certain length of stay on the underside. Wood proves to be soft enough to allow the (hard) gravel grains to sink into the sill. This increases the contact area and reduces local ballast stress. To reduce the impact of ballast, a layer of elastic material is increasingly introduced in recent years on the underside of the concrete sleeper, which - as in the wooden threshold - increase the contact area between the concrete sleeper and ballast bed should. This coating is also referred to in the art as "soling" the thresholds.

With regard to vibration protection, it is sometimes advantageous to provide an elastic coating, on the one hand to optimize the dynamic behavior of the track system and on the other hand to reduce the vibration transmission from the threshold to the ground and thus the formation and propagation of structure-borne noise. The insole on the underside of the sleeper body can be used for this.

Practical tests with soled sleepers have again shown that for a good positional quality of the track, the elastic coating below the threshold must be relatively hard. In contrast, a relatively soft under-threshold coating is needed if one wishes to increase the vibration protection of a track, i. if you want to reduce the transmission of vibrations and shocks that occur during the train crossing. If the elastic coating sufficiently soft, although the gravel bed would be spared, the position quality of the track would be affected. In such a case, the position of the tracks would not be sufficiently defined and reliably secured.

In particular, it is difficult to assess the influence of these coatings on the vibration and Schallabstrahlverhalten the acoustically complex threshold / track system in the arrangement of vibration damping coatings on thresholds.

In order to allow a good contact of the threshold body to the surrounding ballast bed, it is from the JP 9 256 302 A known, a track sleeper body with a jagged To provide underside or adhere to the threshold underside gravel grains using polystyrene foam. The gravel grains held on the underside of the sleeper are of the same type or have the same shape and size as the gravel grains adjacent to the gravel bed in the position of use, so that there is only insufficient and inflexible gearing between the sleeper body and the ballast bed.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to improve the contact between the threshold body of the sleeper and the ballast bed and to ensure an increased positional quality of the track even over a longer period of use.

It is a further object of the invention to increase the vibration protection of the track and to minimize sound and vibration effects caused by rail vehicles traveling on the tracks. However, the vibration behavior of the threshold / track system should be sufficiently stabilized, in particular no incalculable oscillation effects should arise. Such a threshold should further be simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

The stated object is achieved by a threshold with the features of claim 1. Claim 1 relates to a threshold for a track for rail vehicles with a sleeper body having in the position of use a rail facing the top and an opposite, to be laid on a ballast base and optionally provided with a vibration-damping coating, wherein in the region of the bottom the threshold body are held gravel grains which protrude from the threshold, and contact in the position of use of the threshold adjacent gravel grains of the ballast bed.

According to the invention, it is provided that the volumes of the predominant number of crushed gravel grains held at the threshold amount to one third to two thirds, preferably 45 to 55%, of the volumes of the ballast grains of the ballast bed adjacent thereto in the position of use of the tie.

Thus, by providing gravel grains projecting into the surrounding gravel bed at the sleeper body, which have a significantly smaller size than the gravel grains present in the gravel bed, a toothing arrangement which is very advantageous with respect to the positional stability of the sleeper and thus of the track results (relatively static). Gravel grains with the adjacent (loose or relatively compressed) gravel grains of the ballast bed.

An average of the threshold body held gravel thus has the said size or the volume of this ballast grain is 1/3 - 2/3, preferably 45 - 55% of the volume of an average ballast grain of the ballast bed.

It is understood that in order to achieve the gearing effect according to the invention, not all the crushed grains held on the sleeper body must have a smaller volume by the named relations, but in the course of the manufacturing process of the threshold according to the invention, some gravel grains deviating from the desired size may also be attached to the sleeper body. In any case, at least half of the ballast grains held on the sleeper body have the said size.

The attached at the threshold gravel grains can optimally in the spaces between the Insert ballast grains of the ballast bed. In this way, a particularly advantageous gearing effect is achieved between the gravel grains held at the threshold and the surrounding gravel grains of the ballast bed. Thus, an optimal load distribution between threshold and gravel bed is possible.

Thus, by providing a contact surface of the threshold to the surrounding ballast bed that is so close to nature, adjacent ballast grains of the ballast bed are no longer worn or crushed by high local pressure loading, but can essentially retain their shape and structure even with continued rail vehicle operation.

Of course, the gravel grains held at the threshold do not have to be natural rock fractures, but artificially manufactured elements made of any materials may also be used in order to produce a toothing with the adjacent gravel grains of the ballast bed.

In particular, when the gravel grains held at the threshold according to the characterizing features of claim 2 consist of a more abrasion-resistant material than in the position of use of the threshold thereto adjacent gravel grains of the ballast bed, a particularly durable structure of the threshold is achieved. According to the higher abrasion resistance or hardness of the ballast grains held at the threshold compared to the ballast grains of the ballast bed, a greater resistance to wear results and thus a longer service life of the threshold according to the invention.

A particularly simple and cost-effective production of inventive thresholds is according to the characterizing Characteristics of claim 3 made possible by the threshold body is made of concrete and the ballast grains are sunk directly into the threshold body or cast.

In a preferred embodiment of the threshold according to the invention according to the characterizing features of claim 4, however, it is provided that the underside of the threshold body has a coating in which the crushed grains are held, preferably cast or partially sunk. In this way, in addition to the described position stabilization of the threshold or of the track, the further aim of the invention is realized to increase the vibration protection of the track and to minimize noise and vibration effects caused by rail vehicles traveling on the tracks. The coating may also be a prefabricated, separate element, which is glued to the underside of the threshold body or otherwise secured.

In order to achieve an optimal damping of vibrations and vibrations or associated noises occurring during rail vehicle operation and at the same time to sufficiently stabilize the oscillation behavior of the sleeper / track system, such a coating consists in a preferred embodiment according to the characterizing features of claim 5 viscoelastic or visco-plastic material, ie of materials with partially elastic, partially viscous behavior. Such materials relax only incompletely after loading, while remaining energy is dissipated in the form of flow processes or retardation. The viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of the subject coating materials is temperature, time and frequency dependent. The composition of viscoelastic coating materials can be adjusted approximately so that the coating reacts with a slow force or weight load tough as a highly viscous liquid, on the other hand with sudden forces or weight load elastic as a solid.

If the coating material has predominantly viscoplastic properties, as is the case for example with a bitumen-containing material, then the coating which holds the ballast grains can deform under the action of force or weight and essentially retains this shape even after such an action. In this way, the individual by means of the coating held on the threshold gravel grains can adjust their position relative to the adjacent ballast grains of the ballast bed in a suitable manner and retain this ideally toothed position after the operating stress by the track frequenting rail vehicles continue.

Of course, the described elasticity and plasticity properties of the coating can be modulated gradually due to defined material compositions, so that an irreversible deformation of the coating is allowed only up to a defined level, while the coating otherwise reacts substantially elastic in the load case, so again in their original Form returns.

The coating material may be according to the characterizing features of claim 6 to rubber granules or bitumen or a bitumen mixture or extruded polystyrene or rubber.

Of course, however, can be used as coating materials and classic elastic materials, so after temporary deformation due to a static or dynamic load their original form essentially completely resume use.

According to the characterizing features of claim 7, it is further possible that the coating consists of a substantially rigid material, preferably of concrete. A substantially rigid coating ensures the highest positional stability of the threshold in the ballast bed, whereby cost-effective materials such as concrete can be used in the sense of economical production of the threshold.

In an alternative embodiment of the threshold according to the invention according to the characterizing features of claim 8, the coating may also be made of wood or of a wood composite material. In addition to the cost-effective production of such wood coatings, the wood material in the present application area proves to be advantageous in terms of its plastic properties and ease of workability.

On the one hand to optimize the dynamic behavior or the positional stability of the threshold and on the other hand to achieve a satisfactory reduction of the vibration transmission from the threshold to the ballast bed, the coating according to the characterizing features of claim 9 has a thickness of 10 to 50 mm.

In order to meet special requirements for the threshold with regard to vibration damping and / or positional stability, it can also be provided according to the characterizing features of claim 10 that the coating consists of several Layers is built up. In this way, for example, due to their plasticity, elasticity or vibration damping properties particularly excellent materials can be combined.

According to the characterizing features of claim 11, it is provided that the underside of the threshold body has recessed areas in which no gravel grains are held or no coating is applied. According to this feature, a safe and space-saving storage of the thresholds according to the invention is made possible. By having individual thresholds in those recessed areas at the bottom of the threshold body, e.g. Mounted on wooden stands, any number of sleepers can be stacked in a compact manner on top of each other and stored or transported in this way.

In a preferred embodiment of the threshold according to the invention according to the characterizing features of claim 12, it is provided that only those areas of the underside of the threshold body are provided with crushed grains, in which - viewed in a plan view of the threshold located in the position of use - the rails resting on the sleeper body run.

Such a production variant proves to be particularly economical in terms of production and resource conservation.

Fig.1

eine schematische Darstellung des Querschnitts einer erfindungsgemäßen Schwelle

Fig.2

eine schematische Darstellung mehrerer übereinander gestapelter erfindungsgemäßer Schwellen

Fig.3

eine schematische Darstellung miteinander verzahnter Schotterkörner der erfindungsgemäßen Schwelle und des Schotterbetts

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. Showing:

Fig.1

a schematic representation of the cross section of a threshold according to the invention

Fig.2

a schematic representation of several stacked inventive thresholds

Figure 3

a schematic representation of interlocked gravel grains of the threshold according to the invention and the ballast bed

In Fig.1 is a cross section through a threshold according to the invention 1 shown, which is laid in a ballast bed 10. The threshold 1 comprises a threshold body 2 with a top 3, on which a rail 6 is mounted in a known manner, and a bottom 4. The threshold 1 may comprise a one-piece executed threshold body 2, in each of whose two end portions a rail 6 is mounted , or two separate threshold body 2, which are connected by a suitable spacer. In the latter case, the two threshold bodies 2 are also referred to as bi-block threshold. The threshold body 2 will usually consist of concrete, but of course this can also be made of other materials, such as wood.

The ballast bed 10, in which the threshold 1 is laid, consists of a plurality of crushed grains 10b, which are compressed by external force in their position to each other in order to provide the most stable ground for the launched threshold 1. The gravel grains 10b may be rock fractures, pebbles or any other materials of any grain size or shape.

The threshold 1 and the rails 6 mounted thereon represent the track, which is also referred to as track rust.

The track grid not only has the function of removing the wheel loads caused by rail vehicles 7 in the ballast bed 10 and in the ground, but is also to be optimized in terms of its vibration behavior in cooperation with the passing rail vehicle 7. There the track grid, consisting of rails 6, any rail spacers, rail fastening, sleepers 1 and ballast bed 10 is a highly complex vibration system, the addition or omission of individual vibratory layers has great effects on the vibration behavior of the entire system.

In order to optimize both the vibration behavior and the positional stability of the track grid or the threshold 1, it is provided according to the invention that in the region of the underside 4 of the sleeper body 2 specially arranged for toothing with the adjacent ballast grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 gravel grains 10a are held Volumes each one-third to two-thirds, preferably 45 to 55% of the volumes in the position of use of the threshold 1 adjacent thereto gravel 10b of the ballast bed 10 amount.

As in a representation according to Figure 3 As can be seen, a particularly advantageous gearing effect of the threshold 1 with the adjacent ballast grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 results according to the invention according to the invention a size dimensioning of the crushed grains 10a. Here, the ballast grains 10a attached to the sleeper body 2 can optimally lie between adjacent ballast grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 insert trained spaces.

It is understood that the mentioned size criteria do not have to apply to all the crushed grains 10a held on the sleeper body 2 and that a certain quantity of these gravel grains 10a may also have a volume deviating from the desired ideal proportioning. In any case, at least half of the gravel grains 10a provided for arrangement on the sleeper body 2 are selected so that their volumes are substantially each other are half as large as the volumes of in the position of use of the threshold 1 adjacent thereto gravel 10b of the ballast bed 10th

On the underside 4 of the threshold body 2, a viscoelastic or visco-plastic coating 5 is attached, which comprises the gravel grains 10a in sections and anchored securely. According to Fig.1 is about the upper half of the ballast grains 10a sunk in the coating 5 and thus given a sufficient load-bearing surface. The gravel grains 10a held in the coating 5 protrude from the sill 1 with about their lower half and protrude into the surrounding ballast bed 10, so that in the position of use of the sill 1 the adjacent crushed grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 are contacted at many points and become one Solid gearing of threshold 1 and ballast bed 10 results.

By means of the coating 5 held on the threshold body 2 gravel grains 10a so a surface structure of the threshold bottom 4 is formed, which fits ideally to the adjacent gravel layer of the ballast bed 10, thereby optimizing load distribution between threshold 1 and ballast bed 10 allows. Since from now on no direct contact of the flat bottom 4 of the threshold body 2 with the adjacent ballast grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 and thus no more surface pressure takes place more, they can survive a load-intensive rail vehicle operation substantially unscathed. At the same time it is ensured that once installed in the ballast bed 10 and aligned inventive thresholds 1 maintain their position and thus not endanger the stability of the track grid.

Depending on the required vibration damping or stability properties of the threshold 1, the coating 5 may be made of a more or less elastic, plastic or substantially rigid material or of a combination of such materials.

If, for a track system, for example, particularly high vibration and noise damping properties are required, it is recommended that a predominantly viscoelastic material such as rubber granules (eg from scrap tires), natural or synthetic rubber or extruded rigid plastic foam (eg polystyrene) for the coating. 5 consulted.

In particular, suitable for this purpose in many fields of application of construction technology and mechanical engineering as "Sylomer" known material, which is a special PUR elastomer with fine-celled and compact structure. The fine-cell structure of Sylomer provides the necessary deformation volume in the case of static and dynamic stress, the static load capacity of this material being in the range of 0.005 N / mm ² - 3.0 N / mm ² (0.5 t / m ²⁾ . 300 t / m ² ). Since the static and dynamic product properties are precisely defined here, the effectiveness of elastic threshold storage can be accurately predicted.

For use as a coating 5, however, many other materials are conceivable, for example, various bitumen mixtures and wood or wood fiber boards or a wood composite material. Of course, instead of a single material component, a composite of any number of suitable materials can be used, which together realize the desired (visco) elasticity and stability properties.

The coating 5 holding the gravel grains 10a can thus also consist of a predominantly plastic or viscoplastic material, which therefore irreversibly deforms under a force or weight effect to a certain degree, so that the gravel grains 10a held on the sleeper 1 are under weight load can twist in their position relative to the adjacent ballast grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 and maintain this ideally meshed position from now on.

Of course, the described elasticity and plasticity properties of the coating due to defined material compositions can be gradually adjusted, so that an irreversible deformation of the coating is allowed only to a certain extent, while the coating otherwise also elastically reacts in the event of load, so again in their original shape back goes.

The dynamic behavior or the positional stability of the threshold 1 and the vibration and noise damping can also be controlled by the choice of the thickness 5 'of the coating 5. Experiments in practice have shown that a thickness 5 'of about 10 to 50 mm meets the requirements for a reduction of structure-borne noise and a sufficient positional stability. The concrete measure of the thickness 5 'of the coating 5 will depend on the material used as well as on the load case. Typical orders of magnitude of the static loads on passing over of the threshold underside with a maximum axle load of 225 kN are approximately 200 kN / m ² , which correspond to the above-mentioned materials in the range of 10 to 20 mm for the materials mentioned above.

For attaching the coating 5 on the threshold body 2 and for equipping the coating 5 with crushed grains 10a there are many possibilities. In a preferred method of production, a medium forming the coating 5 is brought into a liquid or viscous state by heating, for example, and applied directly to the underside 4 of the threshold body 2. Before the coating 5 has cooled, the described crushed grains 10a are subsequently integrated into the coating 5 in a defined arrangement density or structure, e.g. pressed into the coating 5 to a desired depth. After the coating 5 has hardened, the crushed grains 10a applied therein are elastically / plastically or rigidly connected to the coating 5, depending on the choice of coating material. In such a case, the coating 5 has a sufficient adhesion force to permanently connect to the underside 4 of the threshold body 2. Of course, the coating 5 may also be UV-curing media.

Likewise, adhesives can also be used to ensure a fixed connection of coating 5 and threshold body 2. It should be noted that the coating 5 is also a prefabricated element, e.g. can act in mat form, which is equipped with ballast grains 10a and attached in sequence with suitable fasteners on the bottom 4 of the threshold body 2. In principle, a loose fitting of the threshold body 2 to such a coating element 5 positioned in the ballast bed 10 is also conceivable.

As far as the placement of the coating 5 with crushed grains 10a is concerned, they may be loose on the stills, for example by means of a suitable scattering device liquid / viscous coating 5 are sprinkled or pressed, or the gravel grains 10a may already be connected to each other by means of a composite medium, for example a network in exactly desired arrangement density and position to such an arrangement of crushed grains 10a in the sequence on the liquid / viscous coating 5 to attach / depress.

Alternatively, the ballast grains 10a can be pressed into the still moist concrete of the threshold body 2, so that the ballast grains 10a are rigidly connected to the threshold 1 after hardening of the concrete.

As based on Fig.1 can be seen, the crushed grains 10a are arranged in the coating 5, that the underside 4 of the threshold body 2 is not contacted by them, but still a sufficiently thick zone of the coating 5 remains to a desired vibration or sound insulation of the due to their elastic properties To ensure track system and direct forwarding of emanating from the threshold body 2 structure-borne noise to the threshold body bottom 4 facing gravel 10b of the ballast bed 10 to prevent.

Since, as already mentioned, the gravel grains 10a to be integrated into the coating 5 do not necessarily have to be natural rock fractures, it is furthermore conceivable to carry out the coating 5 in the form of a unitary element facing away from the cavernous underside 4 or the ballast bed 10 facing side is provided with a relief-like, with the shape and arrangement density of the adjacent ballast grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 corresponding surface. Such coating elements 5 For example, could be produced in a simple manner in a casting or pressing process and can equal to the materials described above have any elasticity or plasticity properties.

Usually, the ballast grains 10a are rock fractures or pebbles.

In order to achieve a particularly durable structure of the threshold 1, the gravel grains 10 held on the threshold 1 in a particularly preferred embodiment consist of a more abrasion-resistant material than the gravel grains 10b of the ballast bed 10 adjacent thereto in the position of use of the sleeper 1.

As already mentioned in the introduction, for a good position quality of the track, the coating 5 must be relatively hard. In contrast, you need a relatively soft coating 5, if you want to increase the vibration protection of a track. If the coating 5 sufficiently soft, although the ballast bed 10 would be spared, the position quality of the track would be impaired. For this reason, it may be advantageous for the coating 5 to be composed of several layers each having specific properties, or for additional layer layers or damping elements or bearing elements of suitable material to be arranged in any regions of the threshold body 2, e.g. in the form of an additional vibration-damping layer between rail 6 and top 3 of the threshold body 2 (not shown).

In a particular embodiment of the threshold 1 according to the invention, the threshold body 2 may be made of concrete, wherein the ballast grains 10a are cast or pressed directly into the threshold body 2 directly.

In the production of the threshold body 2, the gravel grains 10a provided in this case are introduced in sections into the still soft concrete, e.g. pressed up to half of them.

With regard to the geometry or the course of the threshold body 2 and the coating 5, a plurality of variations is conceivable, without departing from the idea essential to the invention. For example, it is possible that the coating 5 is not only in accordance with the schematic representation in FIG Fig.1 forms a plane running on the underside 4 of the threshold body 2, but that the coated with crushed grains 10a coating 5 includes the threshold body 2 in other areas, for example, surrounds a shoe.

In order to enable safe and space-saving storage of the thresholds 1 according to the invention, the underside 4 of the threshold body 2 has recessed areas 9 in which no ballast grains 10a are held or no coating 5 is attached (see FIG Fig.2 ). Individual sleepers 1 can easily be stacked on top of one another and transported safely, by supporting them with those recesses 9 recessed on the underside 4 of the threshold body 2 on wooden timbers 8 or on other suitable storage elements. According to Fig.2 in this case, two parallel tracks are provided on recessed areas 9 per threshold 1. Since the areal proportion of provided on the bottom 4 of the threshold body 2 recessed areas 9 is relatively low and the bottom 4 of the threshold body 2 otherwise consistently provided with a coating 5, including associated ballast grains 10a, the sound insulation and the positional stability of the thresholds 1 impairing Effect of the recessed areas 9 are neglected.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that substantially only those areas of the underside 4 of the threshold body 2 are provided with crushed grains 10a, to which - in a plan view of the threshold in use position 1, ie in the normal direction to the bottom 4 of the Threshold body 2 considered - a cross-sectional area of the resting on the sleeper body 2 rails 6 is projected.

Claims (12)

Sill (1) for a track for rail vehicles with a sleeper body (2), which in use position a rail (6) facing top (3) and an opposite, on a ballast bed (10) to be laid bottom (4) and optionally with a vibration-damping coating (5) is provided, in the region of the underside (4) of the threshold body (2) gravel grains (10a) are held, which project from the threshold (1) and in the position of use of the threshold (1) adjacent gravel grains (10b) contacting the ballast bed (10), characterized in that the volumes of the predominant number of at the threshold (1) held gravel grains (10 a) each one third to two thirds, preferably 45-55% of the volumes in the position of use of the threshold (1) to adjacent gravel grains (10b) of the ballast bed (10). Threshold according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushed grains (10a) held on the sleeper (1) consist of a more abrasion-resistant material than the gravel grains (10b) of the ballast bed (10) adjacent thereto in the position of use of the sleeper (1). Threshold according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeper body (2) is made of concrete and the crushed grains (10a) are directly sunk or poured into the sleeper body (2). A sill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the underside (4) of the threshold body (2) has a coating (5) in which the Gravel grains (10 a) held, preferably cast. Threshold according to claim 4, characterized in that the coating (5) consists of a viscoelastic or visco-plastic material. Threshold according to claim 5, characterized in that the coating (5) consists of rubber granulate or bitumen or a bituminous mixture or extruded polystyrene or rubber. Threshold according to claim 4, characterized in that the coating (5) consists of a substantially rigid material, preferably of concrete. Threshold according to claim 4, characterized in that the coating (5) consists of wood or a wood composite material. Threshold according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coating (5) has a thickness (5 ') of 10 to 50 mm. Threshold according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the coating (5) consists of several layers. Threshold according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the underside (4) of the threshold body (2) recessed areas (9), in which no gravel grains (10a) held or no coating (5) is mounted. Threshold according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that only those areas of the underside (4) of the threshold body (2) are provided with ballast grains (10a), in which - viewed in a plan view of the threshold in use position threshold (1) - The at the threshold body (2) resting rails (6) extend.

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