WO2017065058A1 - 有機光電変換素子 - Google Patents
有機光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017065058A1 WO2017065058A1 PCT/JP2016/079474 JP2016079474W WO2017065058A1 WO 2017065058 A1 WO2017065058 A1 WO 2017065058A1 JP 2016079474 W JP2016079474 W JP 2016079474W WO 2017065058 A1 WO2017065058 A1 WO 2017065058A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- photoelectric conversion
- getter material
- conversion element
- organic photoelectric
- layer
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- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Ca] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ca] ULGYAEQHFNJYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium lithium Chemical compound [Li].[In] LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Mn]=O VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C4=N1 LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004033 porphyrin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZGSOBQAJAUGRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] ZGSOBQAJAUGRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
- H10K30/821—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes comprising carbon nanotubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
- H10K30/35—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains comprising inorganic nanostructures, e.g. CdSe nanoparticles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/451—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising a metal-semiconductor-metal [m-s-m] structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/30—Devices controlled by radiation
- H10K39/32—Organic image sensors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic photoelectric conversion element and a manufacturing method thereof.
- An organic photoelectric conversion element has attracted attention as a new organic technology that can be applied not only to energy conversion but also to a photodetector.
- As a solution for preventing deterioration of the organic photoelectric conversion element due to moisture and oxygen, providing a getter sheet inside the sealing cover glass is disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
- An organic photoelectric conversion device comprising a laminate including a pair of electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode, and an active layer provided between the pair of electrodes, At least one of the pair of electrodes includes a conductive material layer having a gap that allows the first harmful substance contained in the laminate to pass through, and at least one kind that can react with the first harmful substance.
- An organic photoelectric conversion element which is a getter material-containing electrode including a getter material, wherein the getter material is contained in at least a part of the gap.
- the getter material is a material that reacts with the first harmful substance or a combination of the first harmful substance and the second harmful substance to generate a harmless substance.
- the getter material includes an organometallic compound containing one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Al, Ti, Ba, Zr, Mg, Si, In, V, Nb, and Ta. The organic photoelectric conversion element according to [6].
- the metal alkoxide is a metal alkoxide containing one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Al, Ti, Ba, Zr, Mg, Si, and In. Photoelectric conversion element.
- the getter material reacts with the first harmful substance or the first harmful substance and the second harmful substance to generate a substance that further improves the light transmittance of the getter material-containing electrode.
- the nanowire is a metal nanowire.
- the method for producing an organic photoelectric conversion element according to [15], wherein the step of forming the getter material-containing electrode is a step of supplying the getter material into the gap by a vapor deposition method or a coating method.
- the durability of the organic photoelectric conversion element can be further improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic photoelectric conversion device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the element stack of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the element stack of the second embodiment.
- 4A is an SEM image of the getter material-containing electrode according to Example 1.
- FIG. 4B is an SEM image of the electrode according to Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the light transmittance of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is an organic photoelectric conversion element comprising a laminate including a pair of electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode, and an active layer provided between the pair of electrodes, At least one of the pair of electrodes includes a conductive material layer having a gap that allows the first harmful substance contained in the laminate to pass through, and at least one kind that can react with the first harmful substance.
- An organic photoelectric conversion element which is a getter material-containing electrode including a getter material, and the getter material is contained in at least a part of the gap.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic photoelectric conversion device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the element stack of the first embodiment.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 of the present invention has a substrate 30.
- the substrate 30 is provided with an element laminated body (laminated body) 20.
- the element stack 20 includes a pair of electrodes 40 including a getter material-containing electrode 46 that is a first electrode 42 and a second electrode 44, an active layer 50 provided between the pair of electrodes 40, and an active layer 50. And an intermediate layer 60 provided between the layer 50 and the second electrode 44.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 reacts with the first harmful substance and the conductive material layer 46 a having a gap 46 aa that transmits the first harmful substance between the pair of electrodes 40. At least one getter material 46b.
- the first electrode 42 is bonded to the substrate 30.
- the active layer 50 is bonded to the first electrode 42.
- the intermediate layer 60 is bonded to the active layer 50.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 is sealed by a sealing member 70 including a cover glass 72 and a sealing material (adhesive material) 74.
- the sealing material 74 is provided on the surface of the substrate 30 so as to surround the stacked body 20.
- the sealing material 74 joins the cover glass 72 and the surface of the substrate 30 to seal the stacked body 20.
- the sealing material 74 may be provided so as to cover the entire exposed surface of the laminate.
- substrate As the substrate 30, a member that does not change chemically is usually used when forming an electrode.
- Examples of the material of the substrate 30 include glass, plastic, polymer film, metal foil, and silicon.
- a transparent or translucent substrate is used.
- an opaque substrate may be used.
- the electrode opposite to the opaque substrate the electrode farther from the opaque substrate of the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44
- the electrode opposite to the opaque substrate must be transparent or translucent. Is preferred.
- first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 that are not the getter material-containing electrode 46 will be described.
- One of the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 is an anode, and the other is a cathode.
- at least one of the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 is preferably transparent or translucent.
- transparent or translucent electrodes include conductive metal oxide films, translucent metal thin films, and the like.
- the material of the transparent or translucent electrode include indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) which are composites thereof.
- an organic material can be used as the material of the transparent or translucent electrode.
- organic materials that can be used as the material for the electrode include polyaniline and derivatives thereof, and polythiophene and derivatives thereof. Carbon nanotubes and derivatives thereof, graphite or derivatives thereof, and the like can also be used.
- a metal may be used as the material of the transparent or translucent electrode.
- metals include silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), indium (In), ruthenium (Ru), gallium (Ga), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt) Is mentioned.
- metal properties that can be used include nanowires, lattices, nanoparticles, thin films, etc., made of a metal selected from the group of metals exemplified above.
- opaque electrode materials include metals and conductive polymers. Specific examples of opaque electrode materials include Ag, Au, Zn, In, Ru, Ga, Pd, Ir, Pt, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), and cesium.
- Cs magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), aluminum (Al), scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), yttrium (Y), cerium (Ce), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb) and other metals, two or more of these metals, one or more of the metals, and gold, silver, platinum, copper (Cu ), Manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W) and tin (Sn)
- the alloy include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, calcium-aluminum alloy and the like. It is done.
- the thickness of the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 varies depending on the type of material.
- the thickness is preferably from the viewpoint of improving light transmittance (light transmittance) and suppressing electric resistance to a small value. It is 500 nm or less, More preferably, it is 200 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 is not particularly limited as long as it is larger than 0, and is usually 10 nm or more.
- the light transmittance is a transmittance of light having a wavelength of 300 nm to 1200 nm.
- the light transmittance is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more, further preferably 40% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more.
- the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 can be formed by various forming methods in consideration of the material and the thickness of the layer.
- a coating method can be used.
- further forming methods include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, and a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD).
- At least one of the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 44 is a getter material-containing electrode 46.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 may be a cathode or an anode.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 may be a transparent or translucent light transmissive electrode, or may be an opaque electrode.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 includes a conductive material layer 46a having a plurality of gaps 46aa and at least one getter material 46b.
- the conductive material layer 46a having the plurality of void portions 46aa may be any layer including voids in which at least part of the getter material 46b is filled.
- the getter material 46b may be included in at least a part of the plurality of gaps 46aa and / or may be included in at least a part of the inside of the gaps 46aa.
- the plurality of gaps 46aa (getter material-containing electrodes 46) included in the conductive material layer 46a have a function of transmitting the first harmful substance between the pair of electrodes 40 in the thickness direction t of the getter material-containing electrode 46. is doing.
- the shape and size of the plurality of gaps 46aa are not particularly limited on the condition that the getter material-containing electrode 46 functions.
- the conductive material layer 46a may have a plurality of voids 46aa as regularly arranged through holes by, for example, a regular lattice shape.
- the gap 46aa may be defined by a plurality of minute holes arranged continuously.
- the conductive material layer 46a may have a porous structure or a mesh structure including nanoparticles or nanowires that are conductive materials.
- the porous structure or the mesh structure may be composed only of nanoparticles or nanowires.
- the material of the nanoparticle or nanowire that is the conductive material include metals (Ag, Al, Cu, Au, Pt, etc.), conductive oxides (zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, etc.), conductive polymers. And compounds (polythiophene derivatives, polyaniline derivatives, etc.).
- the porous structure or mesh structure of the conductive material layer 46a includes metal nanoparticles, metal nanowires, conductive oxide nanoparticles, conductive oxide nanowires, conductive polymer compound nanoparticles, or conductive high It may include nanowires of molecular compounds.
- the nanoparticle or nanowire material that is the conductive material Ag and Cu are preferable, and Ag is more preferable.
- the conductive material layer 46a preferably has a porous structure, and from the viewpoint of keeping electric resistance low, it preferably has a mesh structure.
- the thickness of the conductive material layer 46a can be set to any suitable thickness depending on an aspect such as transparency (translucent) or opaque, and a selected material or structure.
- the thickness of the conductive material layer 46a is preferably a thicker layer and is preferably 500 nm or more and 30000 nm or less from the viewpoint of suppressing electric resistance.
- the thickness of the conductive material layer 46a is preferably 10 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the thickness of the conductive material layer 46a is preferably thicker, and the thickness of the conductive material layer 46a is 100 nm or more and 30000 nm or less is preferable, and 200 nm or more and 5000 nm or less is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the getter material-containing electrode 46 is not particularly limited as long as it is larger than 0, and is usually 5 nm or more.
- the getter material 46b is at least partially dispersed in the conductive material layer 46a and disposed in the gap 46aa. In other words, part of the getter material 46b may not be present in the conductive material layer 46a.
- the getter material 46b is substantially uniformly dispersed in the conductive material layer 46a.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 it is preferable that the conductive material layer 46a and the getter material 46b are integrally formed. In other words, the getter material 46b is preferably provided only in the conductive material layer 46a, for example, from the viewpoint of miniaturization of the device. A specific aspect of the getter material-containing electrode 46 will be described later.
- the getter material 46b has a function capable of reacting with the first harmful substance and / or the second harmful substance described later.
- reaction means, for example, that the first harmful substance is physically adsorbed and held on the getter material-containing electrode 46 or a harmless substance is formed by a chemical reaction. Due to the reaction, harmful substances generated from the laminate including the pair of electrodes 40 and the active layer 50, and / or the outside of the laminate, that is, the inside of the sealing member (the electrode and its surroundings), and the outside of the sealing member It is possible to eliminate harmful substances entering from the atmosphere.
- the “hazardous substance” means a substance that physically or chemically changes the constituent elements of the organic photoelectric conversion element (for example, oxidation, decomposition, dissolution, etc.) and decreases the power generation performance of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- the “innocuous substance” means a substance that does not substantially change the components of the organic photoelectric conversion element physically or chemically.
- the “innocuous substance” does not affect the power generation performance of the organic photoelectric conversion element, and does not substantially change the constituent elements of the organic photoelectric conversion element physically or chemically. It may be a substance that improves light transmittance.
- the getter material 46b includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of Ca, Al, Ti, Ba, Zr, Mg, Si, C, In, V, Nb, and Ta, or derivatives of these materials (for example, it contains Ca, Al, Ti, Ba, Zr, Mg, Si, In, V, Nb, and an organometallic compound containing one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Ta, or Ca, Al , Ti, Ba, Zr, Mg, Si, C, In, V, Nb, or Ta, or a mixture of two or more components.
- examples of the first harmful substance include moisture, oxygen, and residual solvent contained in any one or a combination of the active layer, the intermediate layer, and the conductive material layer.
- residual solvents include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, methylbenzoate, butylbenzoate, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1, Halogenated saturation of unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as 2,4-trimethylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane Hydrocarbon solvents, halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents
- Examples of the material of the getter material 46b that can react with the residual solvent in addition to moisture and oxygen include Ca, Al, Si, and derivatives thereof (one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Al, and Si)
- organometallic compounds such as organoaluminum compounds.
- the getter material 46b may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining 2 or more types by arbitrary ratios.
- the getter material 46b reacts with the first harmful substance, or the first harmful substance and the second harmful substance, and the getter material-containing electrode 46 It is possible to use a material that further improves the light transmittance of the material and generates a harmless substance.
- the getter material 46b is preferably Ca or an organometallic compound (for example, an organoaluminum compound).
- the organometallic compound is preferably a metal alkoxide, more preferably a metal alkoxide containing one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Ca, Al, Ti, Ba, Zr, Mg, Si and In, and Al, Ti And a metal alkoxide containing one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Zr.
- the alkoxy group in the metal alkoxide is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include an isopropoxy group and a butoxy group.
- organometallic compounds examples include metal alkoxides such as titanium isopropoxide, aluminum isopropoxide, zirconium butoxide, and zirconium isopropoxide.
- the getter material 46 b may be a material that further reacts with a second harmful substance outside the pair of electrodes 40.
- the getter material 46b may be a material that can further react with the second harmful substance existing outside the pair of electrodes 40, that is, outside the stacked body 20, in addition to the first harmful substance.
- the second harmful substance include moisture and oxygen, and further, for example, compounds containing N, O, S, and derivatives thereof released from the sealing material 74, specifically, outgassing.
- components include nitrogen compounds such as amine compounds, and organic phosphate compounds.
- the first harmful substance and the second harmful substance in the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 may be the same or different.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 may contain other components other than the conductive material layer 46a and the getter material 46b on the condition that the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- examples of other components include a binder, a filler, and an antioxidant.
- the binder for holding the getter material 46b include a resin material, and specific examples thereof include trifluorinated polyethylene, polytrifluoroethylene chloride (PCTFE), polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, and alicyclic ring. And polyolefins and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers.
- Other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the photoelectric conversion element 10 may further include a buffer layer between the conductive material layer 46a and the getter material 46b in order to improve characteristics.
- a buffer layer between the conductive material layer 46a and the getter material 46b By including the buffer layer between the conductive material layer 46a and the getter material 46b, an effect of improving the adhesion between the conductive material layer 46a and the getter material 46b, or an effect of increasing the conductivity of the conductive material layer 46a. Etc. can be expected.
- the material of the buffer layer include oxides such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, MnO 3 , and WO 3 , epoxy resins, and polymer materials such as PEDOT: PSS.
- the buffer layer can be applied under the condition that the harmful substance removal effect by the getter material 46b is not hindered.
- the buffer layer can be provided so as to fill up to 95% of the volume of the gap 46aa of the conductive material layer 46a.
- a configuration example according to the embodiment of the getter material-containing electrode 46 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the element stack 20 provided on the substrate 30 is shown, and detailed description of the configuration other than the getter material-containing electrode 46 is omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laminate 20 of the first embodiment.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 of the first embodiment the upper surface of the getter material-containing electrode 46 is covered with a getter material 46b. More specifically, the getter material 46b exists in the gap 46aa and further covers the upper surface of the conductive material layer 46a.
- the distribution (density, concentration) of the getter material 46b in the thickness direction t of the getter material-containing electrode 46 is directed to the upper surface side of the conductive material layer 46a (opening side of the gap 46aa). It includes a mode of lowering (the distribution of the getter material 46b increases toward the intermediate layer 60 side of the conductive material layer 46a).
- the aspect of the first embodiment is particularly effective when the first harmful substance is present. Specifically, it is possible to easily react with the first harmful substance while reducing the amount of the getter material 46b used, and the durability of the organic photoelectric conversion element can be effectively improved. Thus, according to the aspect of 1st Embodiment, since the usage-amount of getter material 46b can be made into the minimum amount, it is advantageous from a viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the element stack 20 of the second embodiment.
- the surface (upper surface and side surface) of the getter material-containing electrode 46 is covered with the getter material 46b. More specifically, the getter material 46b integrally covers the inside of the gap 46aa and the surface of the conductive material layer 46a.
- the aspect of the second embodiment is effective when both the first harmful substance and the second harmful substance exist. According to the aspect of the second embodiment, even in the situation where both the first harmful substance and the second harmful substance exist, both the first harmful substance and the second harmful substance, the getter material 46b, Can be effectively reacted, and the durability of the organic photoelectric conversion element can be effectively improved. Since the aspect of 2nd Embodiment uses more getter material 46b, it is more preferable when there are many harmful substances or when durability for a longer period is requested
- the method for manufacturing the getter material-containing electrode 46 includes a step of forming the conductive material layer 46a having the gap 46aa, and at least a part of the gap 46aa of the conductive material layer 46a. Supplying a getter material 46b capable of reacting with the first harmful substance to form the getter material-containing electrode 46.
- the conductive material layer 46a is formed.
- Examples of the method for forming the conductive material layer 46a include a coating method, a vapor deposition method, and a chemical vapor deposition method.
- a coating liquid containing nanoparticles or nanowires which are conductive materials and a resin is applied by a coating method such as a spin coating method.
- a method of forming the conductive material layer 46a having the voids 46aa by drying and baking the layer and removing the resin can be cited.
- Examples of a method for forming the conductive material layer 46a having a mesh structure include a printing method, a vacuum evaporation method using a mask, and the like.
- the wires containing the nanoparticles or nanowires are arranged in a mesh shape, dried and baked to remove the resin.
- the conductive material layer 46a having the gap 46aa can be formed.
- a getter material 46b capable of reacting with the first harmful substance is supplied into at least the gap 46aa of the formed conductive material layer 46a.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 of the first embodiment or the second embodiment can be selectively formed.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 of the first embodiment can be obtained by making the supply amount of the getter material 46b smaller than the total volume of the gap 46aa.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 of the second embodiment can be obtained by making the supply amount of the getter material 46b larger than the total volume of the gap 46aa.
- the getter material layer 46b formed on the conductive material layer 46a can be formed by making the supply amount of the getter material 46b larger than the total volume of the gap 46aa.
- the supply amount of the getter material 46b can be adjusted using the thickness B when the layer of the getter material 46b is formed as a single layer with respect to the thickness A of the conductive material layer 46a as an index. That is, the getter material-containing electrode 46 of the first embodiment can be obtained by setting the thickness A> the thickness B, and the getter material-containing electrode 46 of the second embodiment can be obtained by setting the thickness A ⁇ the thickness B. Obtainable.
- the getter material (getter material layer) 46b can be supplied (formed) by any suitable method depending on the selected material.
- the getter material 46b can be supplied by, for example, a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, a chemical vapor deposition method, and a coating method using a coating liquid containing the getter material 46b.
- the getter material 46b is preferably supplied by a coating method. From the viewpoint of improving the durability of the organic photoelectric conversion element, the getter material 46b is preferably supplied by a vacuum deposition method. In the vacuum deposition method, it is not necessary to use a solvent, so that more getter material 46b can be efficiently arranged in the gap 46aa of the conductive material layer 46a.
- solvents that can be used in the solvent-containing coating liquid include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, and other unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents, Halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, halogens such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and trichlorobenzene And unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohe
- the amount of the solvent contained in the coating solution containing the getter material 46b is usually 1000 parts by weight or more, preferably 5000 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10,000 parts by weight or more when the getter material 46b is 100 parts by weight.
- the amount is usually 20000 parts by weight or less, preferably 15000 parts by weight or less, more preferably 12000 parts by weight or less.
- the getter material-containing electrode 46 can be formed by performing any suitable treatment such as heating and drying to remove the solvent contained in the coating liquid.
- the active layer 50 is provided between the pair of electrodes 40.
- the active layer 50 includes an organic compound, and includes a p-type semiconductor material that is an electron-donating compound and an n-type semiconductor material that is an electron-accepting compound.
- the active layer 50 has a laminated structure (pn heterojunction type) including two or more layers in which an electron donating layer containing an electron donating compound and an electron accepting layer containing an electron accepting compound are joined. Alternatively, it may have a single layer structure (bulk heterojunction type) composed of only one layer in which an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound are mixed.
- electron donating compounds include pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophenes and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilanes and derivatives thereof, aromatic amines in the side chain or main chain And polysiloxane derivatives, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- Examples of electron accepting compounds include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, benzoquinone and its derivatives, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, anthraquinone and its derivatives, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, Examples include diphenyldicyanoethylene and derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and derivatives thereof.
- the electron-accepting compound carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and fullerene derivatives are preferable.
- fullerene examples include C 84 fullerene.
- fullerene derivatives C 60 fullerene, C 70 fullerene, C 76 fullerene, include derivatives of C 78 fullerene and C 84 fullerenes.
- Specific examples of the fullerene derivative include compounds having the following structures.
- the amount of the fullerene derivative is preferably 10 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight, more preferably 20 parts by weight to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electron donating compound. It is.
- the thickness of the active layer 50 is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, more preferably 2 nm to 100 nm, still more preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, and particularly preferably 20 nm to 200 nm.
- a method for forming the active layer 50 various thin film forming methods according to the material of the active layer can be used.
- the method for forming the active layer 50 include a coating method in which a solution or dispersion containing a soluble material such as a polymer compound is used as a coating liquid, and a material having a low boiling point such as a low molecular compound is used.
- a vacuum vapor deposition method can be used.
- the solvent used for the coating solution is selected according to the material contained in the active layer.
- water or an organic solvent can be used.
- organic solvents include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, methylbenzoate, butylbenzoate, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1, Halogenated saturation of unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as 2,4-trimethylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane Hydrocarbon solvents, halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorobenzene,
- coating methods that use coating liquids (liquid materials such as ink) include spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, and dip.
- coating methods include a coating method, a spray coating method, a screen printing method, a gravure printing method, a flexographic printing method, an offset printing method, an ink jet printing method, a dispenser printing method, a nozzle coating method, and a capillary coating method.
- spin coating, flexographic printing, gravure printing, ink jet printing, and dispenser printing are preferred.
- a bulk heterojunction type active layer is formed as the active layer 50
- the above-described coating method using a coating solution is used.
- a mixed liquid containing two types of semiconductor materials, one of which is a p-type organic semiconductor material and the other of which is an n-type semiconductor material, and a solvent is prepared as a coating liquid. And the coating method using this is implemented.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 includes a sealing member 70.
- a sealing member 70 As an example of the sealing member 70, the combination of the cover glass 72 and the sealing material 74 which have already demonstrated with reference to FIG.
- the sealing member 70 may have a layer structure of one or more layers. Therefore, examples of the sealing member 70 further include a layer structure such as a gas barrier layer and a gas barrier film.
- the layer structure that is the sealing member 70 is preferably formed of a material having a property of blocking moisture (water vapor barrier property) or a property of blocking oxygen (oxygen barrier property).
- suitable materials for the layer structure include resins such as polyethylene trifluoride, polytrifluoroethylene chloride (PCTFE), polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, alicyclic polyolefin, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
- organic materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, and diamond-like carbon.
- This layer structure can be formed by any method depending on the type of material. Examples of the forming method include a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, a dip method, and a spray method. Furthermore, you may stick the layer structure shape
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 may include an intermediate layer 60 between the first electrode 42 and the active layer 50 and / or between the second electrode 44 and the active layer 50.
- the intermediate layer 60 is a layer that can transport charges generated in the active layer 50 to the electrode.
- the intermediate layer 60 between the first electrode 42 and the active layer 50 transports charges generated in the active layer 50 to the first electrode 42.
- a layer between the second electrode 44 and the active layer 50 transports charges generated in the active layer 50 to the second electrode 44.
- the intermediate layer 60 provided between the active layer 50 and the anode is a layer that can transport holes generated in the active layer 50 to the anode, and is referred to as a hole transport layer or an electron block layer.
- the intermediate layer 60 provided between the active layer 50 and the cathode is a layer capable of transporting electrons generated in the active layer 50 to the cathode, and is referred to as an electron transport layer or a hole blocking layer.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 increases the efficiency of extracting holes generated in the active layer 50 at the anode, increases the efficiency of extracting electrons generated in the active layer 50 at the cathode, It is possible to prevent the holes generated in 50 from moving to the cathode, or to prevent the electrons generated in the active layer 10 from moving to the anode, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be further improved.
- the material of the intermediate layer 60 may be a material having the ability to transport charges generated in the active layer 50 and / or the ability to lower the barrier at the interface with the electrode (adjust the energy level).
- the intermediate layer 60 hole transport layer or electron block layer
- the intermediate layer 60 has the ability to transport holes, and electrons move to the intermediate layer 60. It is preferred to include a material that can be prevented.
- the intermediate layer 60 electron transport layer or hole block layer
- the intermediate layer 60 (electron transport layer or hole block layer) provided between the active layer 50 and the cathode has the ability to transport electrons, and that holes move to the intermediate layer 60. It is preferred to include a material that can be prevented.
- Examples of the material of the intermediate layer 60 include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides and oxides such as lithium fluoride, inorganic semiconductors such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and titanium dioxide, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, and derivatives thereof.
- Triazole compound tris (8-hydroxyquinolinate) aluminum complex, bis (4-methyl-8-quinolinato) aluminum complex, oxadiazole compound, distyrylarylene derivative, silole compound, 2,2 ', 2 "- (1,3,5-Benzenetolyl) tris- [1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole] (TPBI) phthalocyanine derivative, naphthalocyanine derivative, porphyrin derivative, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)-(1 , 1'-biphenyl) -4,4'-diamy (TPD), aromatic diamine compounds such as 4,4′-bis [N- (naphthyl) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl ( ⁇ -NPD), oxazole, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole, imidazolone, stilbene Derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, tetrahydroimidazo
- the intermediate layer 60 is a hole transport layer or an electron block layer
- PEDOT poly-3,4-ethylenedioxide thiophene
- zinc oxide or polyethyleneimine it is preferable to use as the material of the intermediate layer 60.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 60 is usually 0.1 nm or more, preferably 0.5 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more, and usually 1000 nm or less, preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 60 is preferably 0.1 nm or more, and from the viewpoint of further reducing the thickness of the organic photoelectric conversion element 10, it is 1000 nm or less. It is preferable that
- the intermediate layer 60 can be easily formed and the manufacturing cost can be reduced, it is preferable to form the intermediate layer 60 by a coating method in which a coating liquid containing the material of the intermediate layer 60 is applied to a predetermined position.
- the solvent used for the coating liquid is selected according to the material contained in the intermediate layer 60.
- a solvent that does not dissolve the active layer 50 is selected.
- the coating method applied to the formation of the intermediate layer 60 is the same as the coating method used to form the active layer 50.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 can be used as a solar cell, for example. When using as a solar cell, the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 is normally used as a solar cell. Moreover, a photovoltaic cell is made into an organic thin film solar cell module by integrating a plurality, and it is good also as an aspect of a solar cell module. Since the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 has a long life, a solar cell including the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 can be expected to have a long life.
- the configuration of the solar cell module for example, a super straight type, a substrate type, a potting type or the like module structure, a substrate integrated module structure used in an amorphous silicon solar cell, or the like is known.
- an appropriate module structure may be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use, the place of use, the environment, and the like.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 can also be used as an organic photosensor.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 of the present invention when the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 of the present invention is irradiated with light in a state where a voltage is applied between the electrodes or in a state where no voltage is applied, charge is generated. Therefore, if the charge is detected as a photocurrent, the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 can be operated as an organic light sensor. Furthermore, it can also be used as an organic image sensor by integrating a plurality of organic photosensors.
- Example 1 The substrate on which the ITO film with a thickness of 150 nm was formed was washed with acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and UV ozone treatment was performed for 15 minutes (UV-312 manufactured by Technology).
- Polyethyleneimine (PEIE) 80% ethoxylated manufactured by Aldrich, Mw: 70000 g / mol aqueous solution (concentration 35 to 40%) was further diluted with distilled water to 0.4 wt%.
- the obtained solution was spin-coated on the ITO film.
- the formed PEIE layer was heated in the atmosphere at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- C60PCBM (trade name Nanomspectra E100 manufactured by Frontier Carbon Co., Ltd.), which is an n-type semiconductor material, contains 0.52% by weight of p-type semiconductor material A (see International Publication No. 2013051676) with respect to the solvent.
- p-type semiconductor material A see International Publication No. 2013051676
- the obtained solution was spin-coated on the PEIE layer to form a layer having a thickness of 160 nm.
- the obtained layer was baked at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain an active layer.
- a polythiophene derivative (product name: AQ1300, manufactured by Solvey) was spin-coated on the active layer to form a layer having a thickness of 50 nm.
- the hole transport layer was obtained by firing at 70 ° C. for 2 minutes in the air.
- silver nanowires (AgNw) (manufactured by Cambrio Technologies, trade name Clear Ohm Ink N) were spin-coated to obtain a layer of 120 nm thick silver nanowires. Subsequently, it baked at 70 degreeC for 2 minute (s), and the sample was completed by vapor-depositing Ca (getter material) on the layer (electroconductive material layer) of the formed silver nanowire. The amount of Ca supplied was less than the total volume of the voids in the silver nanowire layer.
- the pressure in vapor deposition was all set to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa to 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- Ca was vapor-deposited so that the layer thickness might be 30 nm, and the element laminated body which has the structure similar to the aspect of 1st Embodiment already demonstrated was obtained.
- the obtained element laminate was sealed under an inert gas atmosphere using a cover glass and a UV curable adhesive (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation, product name: XNR-5516Z) to obtain an organic photoelectric conversion element. It was.
- the obtained organic photoelectric conversion element (active area 1 cm 2 ) was evaluated by irradiating with 100 mW / cm 2 light through an AM1.5G filter using a solar simulator (trade name OTENTO-SUN II manufactured by Spectrometer Co., Ltd.). did. The generation of power was confirmed by measuring current and voltage.
- Example 2 The organic photoelectric conversion element of Example 2 was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1 except that the getter material-containing electrode was formed by the coating method shown below. Specifically, a liquid titanium isopropoxide (manufactured by Aldrich) is used as a coating solution, and a coating solution is applied to the silver nanowire layer (conductive material layer) formed in the same manner as in Example 1. Thus, a getter material-containing electrode was formed. The supply amount of the coating liquid is larger than the total volume of the voids of the silver nanowire layer, and the coating liquid integrally covers the voids of the silver nanowire layer and the surface of the silver nanowire layer, and contains a getter material. The upper surface of the electrode was made flat. Subsequently, it sealed similarly to Example 1 and evaluated the durability 100 hours after a test start.
- a liquid titanium isopropoxide manufactured by Aldrich
- a coating solution is applied to the silver nanowire layer (conductive material layer) formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 The organic photoelectric conversion element of Example 3 was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1 except that the getter material-containing electrode was formed by the coating method shown below. Specifically, liquid aluminum isopropoxide (manufactured by Aldrich) is used as a coating solution, and the coating solution is applied to the silver nanowire layer (conductive material layer) formed in the same manner as in Example 1. Thus, a getter material-containing electrode was formed. The supply amount of the coating liquid is larger than the total volume of the voids of the silver nanowire layer, and the coating liquid integrally covers the voids of the silver nanowire layer and the surface of the silver nanowire layer, and the getter material-containing electrode The upper surface of was made flat. Subsequently, it sealed similarly to Example 1 and evaluated the durability 100 hours after a test start.
- liquid aluminum isopropoxide manufactured by Aldrich
- Example 4 The organic photoelectric conversion element of Example 4 was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the getter material-containing electrode was formed by the coating method shown below. Specifically, using liquid zirconium butoxide (manufactured by Aldrich) as a coating liquid, the coating liquid applied to the silver nanowire layer (conductive material layer) formed in the same manner as in Example 1 was applied. A getter material-containing electrode was formed. The supply amount of the coating liquid is larger than the total volume of the voids of the silver nanowire layer, and the coating liquid integrally covers the voids of the silver nanowire layer and the surface of the silver nanowire layer, and the getter material-containing electrode The upper surface of was made flat. Subsequently, it sealed similarly to Example 1 and evaluated the durability 100 hours after a test start.
- liquid zirconium butoxide manufactured by Aldrich
- Example 1 Example except that Ca was not deposited on the silver nanowire layer, and sealing was performed in an inert gas atmosphere using a cover glass provided with a moisture getter sheet (trade name HD-S, manufactured by Dynic) on the inside. In the same manner as in Example 1, an organic photoelectric conversion device was prepared and evaluated.
- a moisture getter sheet trade name HD-S, manufactured by Dynic
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of Example 1-4 that employs the getter material-containing electrode 46 in which the getter material 46b is included in at least part of the gap 46aa of the conductive material layer 46a is as follows.
- the durability was superior to that of Comparative Example 1-3 after 100 hours of the test.
- the organic photoelectric conversion device of Example 1-3 exhibited extremely excellent durability with almost no deterioration after 100 hours from the start of the test.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of Example 1 exhibited excellent durability with respect to Comparative Example 1-3 even after 995 hours from the start of the test.
- FIG. 4A is an SEM image of the getter material-containing electrode according to Example 1
- FIG. 4B is an SEM image of the getter material-containing electrode according to Comparative Example 2.
- S-4800 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies) was used as the apparatus, and the shooting conditions were a magnification of 50 k and an acceleration voltage of 5 kV.
- Ca which is the getter material 46b, is dispersed in the conductive material layer 46a and disposed in the gap 46aa.
- Ca which is the getter material 46b, reacts with moisture and / or oxygen to produce harmless compounds. Such reactivity is useful for improving the light transmittance of the visible light region of the electrode.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the light transmittance of the photoelectric conversion element.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element of Example 1 achieves a significantly superior light transmittance as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 3 employing a getter sheet. That is, according to the structure of Example 1, the further high durability and light transmittance of an organic photoelectric conversion element can be made compatible.
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Abstract
Description
有機光電変換素子の水分及び酸素による劣化を防止するための解決策として、封止用のカバーガラスの内側にゲッターシートを設けることが開示されている(特許文献1参照。)。
[1] 第1電極及び第2電極を含む1対の電極と、前記1対の電極間に設けられる活性層とを含む積層体を備える有機光電変換素子であって、
前記1対の電極のうちの少なくとも一方が、前記積層体に含まれる第1の有害物質を透過させる空隙部を有する導電性材料層と、該第1の有害物質と反応し得る少なくとも1種のゲッター材料とを含み、該ゲッター材料が前記空隙部の少なくとも一部に含まれているゲッター材料含有電極である、有機光電変換素子。
[2] 前記ゲッター材料が、前記積層体の外部に存在する第2の有害物質とさらに反応する材料である、[1]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[3] 前記ゲッター材料が、前記導電性材料層内に分散され、かつ前記空隙部内に配置されている、[1]又は[2]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[4] 前記ゲッター材料含有電極の表面が、前記ゲッター材料により覆われている、[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の有機光電変換素子。
[5] 前記ゲッター材料含有電極と前記活性層との間に、中間層をさらに備える、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の有機光電変換素子。
[6] 前記ゲッター材料が、前記第1の有害物質、又は前記第1の有害物質及び第2の有害物質の組み合わせと反応して無害な物質を生成する材料である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の有機光電変換素子。
[7] 前記ゲッター材料が、Ca、Al、Ti、Ba、Zr、Mg、Si、C、In、V、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される1種以上の材料を含む、[6]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[8] 前記ゲッター材料が、Ca、Al、Ti、Ba、Zr、Mg、Si、In、V、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含む有機金属化合物を含む、[6]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[9] 前記有機金属化合物が、金属アルコキシドである、[8]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[10] 前記金属アルコキシドが、Ca、Al、Ti、Ba、Zr、Mg、Si及びInからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含む金属アルコキシドである、[9]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[11] 前記ゲッター材料が、前記第1の有害物質、又は前記第1の有害物質及び前記第2の有害物質と反応して前記ゲッター材料含有電極の光透過性をより向上させる物質を生成する材料である、[6]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[12] 前記ゲッター材料が、Caを含む、[11]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[13] 前記導電性材料層が、導電性材料であるナノ粒子又はナノワイヤを含む多孔質構造又はメッシュ構造を有する、[1]~[12]のいずれか1つに記載の有機光電変換素子。
[14] 前記ナノワイヤが、金属ナノワイヤである、[13]に記載の有機光電変換素子。
[15] [1]~[14]のいずれか1つに記載の有機光電変換素子の製造方法であって、
空隙部を有する導電性材料層を形成する工程と、
前記導電性材料層の前記空隙部の少なくとも一部に、第1の有害物質と反応し得るゲッター材料を供給してゲッター材料含有電極を形成する工程と
を含む、有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
[16] 前記ゲッター材料含有電極を形成する工程が、前記ゲッター材料を蒸着法又は塗布法により前記空隙部内に供給する工程である、[15]に記載の有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
本発明の有機光電変換素子は、第1電極及び第2電極を含む1対の電極と、前記1対の電極間に設けられる活性層とを含む積層体を備える有機光電変換素子であって、前記1対の電極のうちの少なくとも一方が、前記積層体に含まれる第1の有害物質を透過させる空隙部を有する導電性材料層と、該第1の有害物質と反応し得る少なくとも1種のゲッター材料とを含み、該ゲッター材料が前記空隙部の少なくとも一部に含まれているゲッター材料含有電極である、有機光電変換素子である。
図1に示されるように、本発明の有機光電変換素子10は、基板30を有している。基板30には素子積層体(積層体)20が設けられている。この構成例では素子積層体20は、第1電極42及び第2電極44であるゲッター材料含有電極46を含む1対の電極40と、1対の電極40間に設けられる活性層50と、活性層50と第2電極44との間に設けられる中間層60とを含む。
以下、各構成要素について説明する。
基板30としては、通常、電極を形成する際に化学的に変化しない部材を用いる。基板30の材料の例としては、ガラス、プラスチック、高分子フィルム、金属箔、シリコンが挙げられる。
まず、ゲッター材料含有電極46ではない第1電極42及び第2電極44について説明する。第1電極42及び第2電極44のうち、一方は陽極であり、他方は陰極である。第1電極42及び第2電極44の間に位置する活性層50に光を入射しやすくするため、第1電極42及び第2電極44のうち少なくとも一方は透明又は半透明であることが好ましい。
第1電極42及び第2電極44のうちの少なくとも一方は、ゲッター材料含有電極46である。ゲッター材料含有電極46は、陰極であっても陽極であってもよい。ゲッター材料含有電極46は、透明或いは半透明な光透過性の電極であってよく、又は不透明な電極であってもよい。
ゲッター材料46bは、複数の空隙部46aaのうちの少なくとも一部に含まれていてもよく、及び/又は空隙部46aaの内部の少なくとも一部分に含まれていてもよい。
製造の容易さの観点からは、導電性材料層46aは多孔質構造を有することが好ましく、電気抵抗を低く抑える観点からは、メッシュ構造を有することが好ましい。
導電性材料層46aの厚さは、不透明な電極とする場合には、電気抵抗を小さく抑える観点から、より厚い層であることが好ましく、500nm以上、30000nm以下とすることが好ましい。
透明(半透明)な電極とする場合には、光透過性を良好にし、かつ電気抵抗を小さく抑える必要がある。よって、導電性材料層46aが多孔質構造を有する場合には、導電性材料層46aの厚さは、好ましくは10nm以上、500nm以下であり、より好ましくは50nm以上、200nm以下である。導電性材料層46aがメッシュ構造を有する場合には、その間隙で光透過性が得られるため、導電性材料層46aの厚さは、より厚いことが好ましく、導電性材料層46aの厚さは、100nm以上、30000nm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは200nm以上、5000nm以下である。なお、ゲッター材料含有電極46の厚さの下限は、0より大きければ特に制限は無く、通常は5nm以上である。
図2は、第1実施形態の積層体20の概略的な断面図である。
図2に示されるように、第1実施形態のゲッター材料含有電極46においては、ゲッター材料含有電極46の上面がゲッター材料46bで覆われている。より具体的には、ゲッター材料46bが空隙部46aa内に存在しており、さらに導電性材料層46aの上面を覆っている。
第1の実施形態においては、ゲッター材料含有電極46の厚さ方向tのゲッター材料46bの分布(密度、濃度)が、導電性材料層46aの上面側(空隙部46aaの開口部側)に向かうほど低下している(導電性材料層46aの中間層60側に向かうほどゲッター材料46bの分布が増大している。)態様を含む。
図3は、第2実施形態の素子積層体20の概略的な断面図である。
図3に示されるように、第2実施形態のゲッター材料含有電極46においては、ゲッター材料含有電極46の表面(上面及び側面)がゲッター材料46bで覆われている。より具体的には、ゲッター材料46bが空隙部46aa内と導電性材料層46aの表面とを一体的に覆っている。
ゲッター材料含有電極46の製造方法(有機光電変換素子の製造方法)は、空隙部46aaを有する導電性材料層46aを形成する工程と、導電性材料層46aの空隙部46aaの少なくとも一部に、第1の有害物質と反応し得るゲッター材料46bを供給してゲッター材料含有電極46を形成する工程とを含む。
まず導電性材料層46aを形成する。導電性材料層46aの形成方法の例としては、塗布法、蒸着法及び化学気相成膜法が挙げられる。
メッシュ構造を有する導電性材料層46aを形成する方法の例としては、印刷法、マスクを用いた真空蒸発法等が挙げられる。印刷法を用いる場合、導電性材料であるナノ粒子又はナノワイヤと樹脂とを含む塗工液を用いて、ナノ粒子又はナノワイヤを含む配線を網目状に配置し、乾燥、焼成して樹脂を除去することにより、空隙部46aaを有する導電性材料層46aを形成することができる。
次に、形成された導電性材料層46aの少なくとも空隙部46aa内に、第1の有害物質と反応し得るゲッター材料46bを供給する。ゲッター材料46bの供給量を適宜選択することで、第1実施形態または第2実施形態のゲッター材料含有電極46を選択的に形成することができる。
ゲッター材料(ゲッター材料層)46bは、選択された材料に応じて任意好適な方法で供給(形成)することができる。ゲッター材料46bは、例えば、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法、化学気相成長法、及びゲッター材料46bを含む塗工液を用いる塗布法により供給することができる。
活性層50は、一対の電極40間に設けられている。活性層50は、有機化合物を含み、電子供与性化合物であるp型半導体材料と電子受容性化合物であるn型半導体材料とを含む。
活性層50の形成方法としては、活性層の材料に応じた種々の薄膜形成方法を用いることができる。活性層50の形成方法の例としては、高分子化合物のような可溶性の材料を含む溶液又は分散液等を塗工液として用いる塗布法が挙げられ、低分子化合物のように沸点の低い材料を採用する場合には真空蒸着法を用いることができる。
有機光電変換素子10は、封止部材70を備える。封止部材70の例としては、図1を参照して既に説明した、例えば凹部を有するカバーガラス72と封止材74との組み合わせが挙げられる。
有機光電変換素子10は、第1電極42と活性層50との間、及び/又は第2電極44と活性層50との間に、中間層60を備えていてもよい。
中間層60は、活性層50で生じた電荷を電極に輸送し得る層である。第1電極42と活性層50との間の中間層60は活性層50で生じた電荷を第1電極42に輸送する。第2電極44と活性層50との間の層は活性層50で生じた電荷を第2電極44に輸送する。
中間層60は、形成が容易であり、製造コストを安価にできるため、中間層60の材料を含む塗工液を所定の位置に塗布する塗布法により形成することが好ましい。塗工液に用いられる溶媒は、中間層60に含まれる材料に応じて選択される。但し、中間層60が活性層50よりも後に、活性層50に接合するように形成される場合には、活性層50を溶解させない溶媒が選択される。中間層60の形成に適用される塗布法は、活性層50の形成に用いられる塗布法と同様である。
有機光電変換素子10は、例えば太陽電池として使用できる。太陽電池として使用する場合、通常、有機光電変換素子10は太陽電池セルとして使用される。また、太陽電池セルは、複数個を集積することによって有機薄膜太陽電池モジュールとし、太陽電池モジュールの態様としてもよい。有機光電変換素子10は長寿命であるため、有機光電変換素子10を備える太陽電池は長寿命化が期待できる。
<実施例1>
厚さ150nmのITO膜が形成された基板をアセトン及びイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)で洗浄し、UVオゾン処理を15分間行った(Technovision社製UV-312)。80%がエトキシ化されたポリエチレンイミン(PEIE)(Aldrich製、Mw:70000g/mol水溶液(濃度35~40%))をさらに0.4重量%まで蒸留水で希釈した。中間層(電子輸送層)を形成するために、得られた溶液をITO膜上にスピンコートした。形成されたPEIE層を、大気中、120℃で10分間の加熱する処理を行った。
得られた素子積層体をカバーガラスとUV硬化型接着剤(ナガセケムテックス社製、製品名:XNR-5516Z)とを用いて不活性ガス雰囲気下で封止して、有機光電変換素子を得た。
実施例2の有機光電変換素子は、以下に示す塗布法によりゲッター材料含有電極を形成した以外は実施例1と同様にして製造された。具体的には、液状のチタンイソプロポキシド(Aldrich社製)を塗工液として用い、実施例1と同様にして形成された銀ナノワイヤの層(導電性材料層)にかかる塗工液を塗布して、ゲッター材料含有電極を形成した。塗工液の供給量は、銀ナノワイヤの層の空隙部の総容積よりも多くし、塗工液が銀ナノワイヤの層の空隙部内及び銀ナノワイヤの層の表面を一体的に覆い、ゲッター材料含有電極の上面が平坦になるようにした。次いで、実施例1と同様に封止して試験開始から100時間後の耐久性を評価した。
実施例3の有機光電変換素子は、以下に示す塗布法によりゲッター材料含有電極を形成した以外は実施例1と同様にして製造された。具体的には、液状のアルミニウムイソプロポキシド(Aldrich社製)を塗工液として用い、実施例1と同様にして形成された銀ナノワイヤの層(導電性材料層)にかかる塗工液を塗布して、ゲッター材料含有電極を形成した。塗工液の供給量は銀ナノワイヤの層の空隙部の総容積よりも多くし、塗工液が銀ナノワイヤの層の空隙部内及び銀ナノワイヤの層の表面を一体的に覆い、ゲッター材料含有電極の上面が平坦になるようにした。次いで、実施例1と同様に封止して試験開始から100時間後の耐久性を評価した。
実施例4の有機光電変換素子は、以下に示す塗布法によりゲッター材料含有電極を形成した以外は実施例1と同様にして製造された。具体的には、液状のジルコニウムブトキシド(Aldrich社製)を塗工液として用い、実施例1と同様にして形成された銀ナノワイヤの層(導電性材料層)にかかる塗工液を塗布して、ゲッター材料含有電極を形成した。塗工液の供給量は銀ナノワイヤの層の空隙部の総容積よりも多くし、塗工液が銀ナノワイヤの層の空隙部内及び銀ナノワイヤの層の表面を一体的に覆い、ゲッター材料含有電極の上面が平坦になるようにした。次いで、実施例1と同様に封止して試験開始から100時間後の耐久性を評価した。
銀ナノワイヤの層にCaを蒸着せずに、内側に水分ゲッターシート(商品名HD-S、ダイニック社製)が設けられたカバーガラスを用いて不活性ガス雰囲気下で封止した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機光電変換素子を作製し、評価した。
ゲッターシートが設けられていないカバーガラスを用いて不活性ガス雰囲気下で封止した以外は比較例1と同様にして有機光電変換素子を作製し、評価した。
銀ナノワイヤの層の代わりに、厚さ60nmの銀の層を真空蒸着装置により蒸着した以外は比較例1と同様にして有機光電変換素子を作製し、評価した。真空度は1×10-4Pa~9×10-4Paとした。
20 素子積層体
30 基板
40 電極
42 第1電極
44 第2電極
46 ゲッター材料含有電極
46a 導電性材料層(透過性電極)
46aa 空隙部(空孔部)
46b ゲッター材料(ゲッター材料層)
50 活性層
60 中間層
70 封止部材
72 カバーガラス
74 封止材
Claims (16)
- 第1電極及び第2電極を含む1対の電極と、前記1対の電極間に設けられる活性層とを含む積層体を備える有機光電変換素子であって、
前記1対の電極のうちの少なくとも一方が、前記積層体に含まれる第1の有害物質を透過させる空隙部を有する導電性材料層と、該第1の有害物質と反応し得る少なくとも1種のゲッター材料とを含み、該ゲッター材料が前記空隙部の少なくとも一部に含まれているゲッター材料含有電極である、有機光電変換素子。 - 前記ゲッター材料が、前記積層体の外部に存在する第2の有害物質とさらに反応する材料である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料が、前記導電性材料層内に分散され、かつ前記空隙部内に配置されている、請求項1又は2に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料含有電極の表面が、前記ゲッター材料により覆われている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料含有電極と前記活性層との間に、中間層をさらに備える、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料が、前記第1の有害物質、又は前記第1の有害物質及び第2の有害物質の組み合わせと反応して無害な物質を生成する材料である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料が、Ca、Al、Ti、Ba、Zr、Mg、Si、C、In、V、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される1種以上の材料を含む、請求項6に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料が、Ca、Al、Ti、Ba、Zr、Mg、Si、In、V、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含む有機金属化合物を含む、請求項6に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記有機金属化合物が、金属アルコキシドである、請求項8に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記金属アルコキシドが、Ca、Al、Ti、Ba、Zr、Mg、Si及びInからなる群から選択される1種以上の金属元素を含む金属アルコキシドである、請求項9に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料が、前記第1の有害物質、又は前記第1の有害物質及び前記第2の有害物質と反応して前記ゲッター材料含有電極の光透過性をより向上させる物質を生成する材料である、請求項6に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ゲッター材料が、Caを含む、請求項11に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記導電性材料層が、導電性材料であるナノ粒子又はナノワイヤを含む多孔質構造又はメッシュ構造を有する、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記ナノワイヤが、金属ナノワイヤである、請求項13に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の有機光電変換素子の製造方法であって、
空隙部を有する導電性材料層を形成する工程と、
前記導電性材料層の前記空隙部の少なくとも一部に、第1の有害物質と反応し得るゲッター材料を供給してゲッター材料含有電極を形成する工程と
を含む、有機光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 前記ゲッター材料含有電極を形成する工程が、前記ゲッター材料を蒸着法又は塗布法により前記空隙部内に供給する工程である、請求項15に記載の有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
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JPH0650230U (ja) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-07-08 | 株式会社エレバム | 蛍光放電灯 |
JP2011119684A (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-06-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 有機光電変換素子 |
JP2012529149A (ja) * | 2009-06-01 | 2012-11-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | 電子デバイス用の改良電極のための組成物 |
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JPH0650230U (ja) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-07-08 | 株式会社エレバム | 蛍光放電灯 |
JP2012529149A (ja) * | 2009-06-01 | 2012-11-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | 電子デバイス用の改良電極のための組成物 |
JP2011119684A (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-06-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 有機光電変換素子 |
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