JPWO2016010099A1 - 磁心の製造方法、磁心およびそれを用いたコイル部品 - Google Patents
磁心の製造方法、磁心およびそれを用いたコイル部品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
これらの構成によって、以下に説明する効果を得ることができる。
また、上述のようにAlも耐食性を高める元素であり、特にFe基軟磁性合金粉の表面酸化物の形成に寄与する。かかる観点から、Alの含有量は、好ましくは2.0質量%以上、より好ましくは3.0質量%以上、さらに好ましくは5.0質量%以上である。一方、非磁性のAlが多くなると飽和磁束密度が低下する傾向を示すため、Alの含有量は、好ましくは10.0質量%以下、より好ましくは8.0質量%以下、さらに好ましくは6.0質量%以下である。また、Alは占積率の向上にも寄与するため、CrよりもAlの含有量が高いFe基軟磁性合金粉を用いることがより好ましい。
Siは電気抵抗率や透磁率を高める元素である。かかる観点から、例えば、Siは1.0質量%以上が好ましい。より好ましくは2.0質量%以上である。一方、Siが多くなりすぎると飽和磁束密度の低下が大きくなるため、10.0質量%以下が好ましい。より好ましくは6.0質量%以下、さらに好ましくは4.0質量%以下である。
第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、不可避不純物として、Si、Mn、C、P、S、O、N等を含み得る。即ち、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、AlおよびCrを含み、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物よりなるものでもよい。かかる不可避不純物の含有量は、それぞれ、Si<1.0質量%、Mn≦1.0質量%、C≦0.05質量%、O≦0.3質量%、N≦0.1質量%、P≦0.02質量%、S≦0.02質量%であることが好ましい。このうち、Siは圧環強度向上には不利であるため、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉では、Si<0.5質量%に規制することがより好ましい。Si量はさらに好ましくは0.4質量%以下である。但し、不純物元素を通常の製造工程を経て含まれる水準よりも大幅に低減することには量産性の観点から現実的ではないため、例えば第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉において0.02質量%以上のSi量は許容することが好ましい。
一方、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、不可避不純物として、Mn、C、P、S、O、N等を含み得る。即ち、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉は、CrおよびSiを含み、残部がFeおよび不可避不純物よりなるものでもよい。かかる不可避不純物の含有量は、それぞれ、Mn≦1.0質量%、C≦0.05質量%、O≦0.3質量%、N≦0.1質量%、P≦0.02質量%、S≦0.02質量%であることが好ましい。
第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径との関係はこれを特に限定するものではない。例えば、成形性の観点からは、硬く成形性の低い第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径を相対的に小さくすることが好ましく、コアロスの観点からは、コアロスが相対的に大きい第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径を相対的に小さくすることが好ましい。
上述のように第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉としてFe−Cr−Si系軟磁性合金粉以外のFe基軟磁性合金粉を用いることができるが、耐食性に優れる点等でFe−Cr−Si系軟磁性合金粉を用いることが好ましい。
バインダは第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉を混合してから、添加、混合してもよいし、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉およびバインダを同時に混合してもよい。また、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉のうちいずれか一方とバインダを混合し、後から他方を追加して混合することもできる。なお、後述する造粒粉はバインダを含むため、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の造粒粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の造粒粉とを混合する形態も第1の工程に含まれるが、均一性の観点からは造粒前に第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉とを混合しておくことがより好ましい。
なお、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉との混合粉を用いるため、真密度(粒子の合金そのものの密度)としては、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の真密度および第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の真密度と、各合金粉の混合比とに基づく加重平均を用いる。各Fe基軟磁性合金粉の真密度は、溶解によって作製された同組成の合金インゴットの密度測定値を用いればよい。
一方、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉では、合金粉中のCrが表層に濃化し、Fe、CrおよびSiの和に対するCrの比率が内部の合金相よりも高い酸化物層が形成される。第3の工程の熱処理によって形成される酸化物層は、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉、第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉同士、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉同士、のように、互いに隣接するFe基軟磁性合金粉同士を結合させる。
上記の磁心と、該磁心に巻装されたコイルとを用いてコイル部品が提供される。コイルは、導線を磁心に巻回して構成してもよいし、ボビンに巻回して構成してもよい。このような磁心とコイルとを有するコイル部品は、例えばチョーク、インダクタ、リアクトル、トランス等として用いられる。磁心およびコイル部品が使用される周波数帯域は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば1kHz以上であり、100kHz以上の周波数帯域での使用も好ましい。また、磁心およびコイル部品は静止誘導器に限らず、回転機に適用することもできる。
磁心には絶縁性確保等の目的から、樹脂コーティングを設けてもよい。また、コイル部品は、その一部または全体を樹脂でモールドすることもできる。
使用したFe−Al−Cr系軟磁性合金粉は粒状のアトマイズ粉であり、その組成は質量百分率でFe−5.0%Al−4.0%Crであった。なお、不純物として最も多かったのはSiであり、その含有量は0.2%であった。アトマイズ粉は、440メッシュ(目開き32μm)の篩で分級し、篩を通過したFe基軟磁性合金粉を混合に供した。篩を通過したFe基軟磁性合金粉の平均粒径(メジアン径d50)をレーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定装置(堀場製作所製LA−920)で測定した。平均粒径(メジアン径d50)は16.8μmであった。
Fe−Cr−Si系軟磁性合金粉も粒状のアトマイズ粉であり、その組成は質量百分率でFe−4.0%Cr−3.5%Siであった。平均粒径(メジアン径d50)は10.4μmであった。
σr=P(D−d)/(Id2)
(ここで、D:磁心の外径(mm)、d:磁心の径方向の肉厚(mm)、I:磁心の高さ(mm)である。)
さらに、一次側と二次側のそれぞれに巻線を15ターン巻回し、岩通計測株式会社製B−HアナライザーSY−8232により、最大磁束密度30mT、周波数300kHzの条件でコアロスPcvを測定した。また、初透磁率μiは、前記トロイダル形状の圧粉磁心に導線を30ターン巻回し、ヒューレット・パッカード社製4284Aにより、周波数100kHzで測定した。さらに、直流重畳特性として、10kA/mの直流磁界印加時の初透磁率(増分透磁率μΔ)も測定した。
また、前記トロイダル形状の磁心の対向する二平面に導電性接着剤を塗り、乾燥・固化の後、以下のようにして比抵抗(抵抗率)の評価を行った。電気抵抗測定装置(株式会社エーディーシー製8340A)を用いて、50Vの直流電圧を印加し、抵抗値R(Ω)を測定した。磁心試料の平面の面積A(m2)と厚みt(m)とを測定し、次式により比抵抗ρ(Ω・m)を算出した。
比抵抗ρ(Ω・m)=R×(A/t)
上記の評価で得られた結果を表1、図3および図4に示す。
一方、Fe−Al−Cr系軟磁性合金粉の含有比率が高くなるにつれて、コアロスPcvはやや増加し、増分透磁率はやや減少する傾向を示した。
各Fe基軟磁合金粒の表面(粒界)では内部に比べてFeの濃度が低いこと、Alは、AlおよびCrを含む第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒の表面での濃度が顕著に高くなっていることが確認された。これらのことから、第1のFe基軟磁合金粒の表面に、内部の合金相よりもFe、AlおよびCrの和に対するAlの比率が高い酸化物層が形成されていることがわかった。さらに、Crは、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒の表面での濃度が顕著に高くなっていること、Siは、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒の表面と内部とで明確な濃度差がないことが確認された。このことから第2のFe基軟磁合金粒の表面に、内部の合金相よりもFe、CrおよびSiの和に対するCrの比率が高い酸化物層が形成されていることがわかった。第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒および第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒の上記元素分布傾向は、それぞれ第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒同士が隣接する部分、第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒同士が隣接する部分で顕著であった。第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒とが隣接する部分の粒界ではCrが濃化している形態と、Alが濃化している形態の両方が確認された。
また、図5に示すように第1のFe基軟磁合金粒が集まった部分には、層状ではなくFe基軟磁性合金粒の隙間の形状に沿った塊状酸化物4も確認された。図5の元素マッピングからは、塊状酸化物4はAlの他にFeの含有量も多い酸化物であることがわかる。比較のために図6には第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒を含まないNo1の磁心の元素マッピングを示す。図6(a)はSEM像である。図6(b)〜(e)はそれぞれ、Fe、O(酸素)、Cr、Siの分布を示す。図6に示すように、No1の磁心では、No4の磁心で観察される塊状酸化物が明確に確認されなかった。したがって、かかる塊状酸化物の存在も、強度向上に関連していると推察される。
Claims (4)
- Fe基軟磁性合金粒が分散した組織を有する磁心の製造方法であって、
AlおよびCrを含む第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉と、バインダとを混合する第1の工程と、
前記第1の工程を経て得られた混合物を成形する第2の工程と、
前記第2の工程を経て得られた成形体を熱処理する第3の工程とを有し、
前記熱処理によって前記Fe基軟磁性合金粉の表面に酸化物層を形成し、該酸化物層を介してFe基軟磁性合金粉同士を結合させることを特徴とする磁心の製造方法。 - 前記第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉と第2のFe基軟磁性合金粉の合計に対する前記第1のFe基軟磁性合金粉の比率が質量比で40%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の磁心の製造方法。
- Fe基軟磁性合金粒が分散した組織を有する磁心であって、
前記Fe基軟磁性合金粒が、AlおよびCrを含む第1のFe基軟磁性合金粒と、CrおよびSiを含む第2のFe基軟磁性合金粒を有し、
前記Fe基軟磁性合金粒同士が、該粒の表面に形成された酸化物層を介して結合されていることを特徴とする磁心。 - 請求項3に記載の磁心と、前記磁心に巻装されたコイルとを有することを特徴とするコイル部品。
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