JP6637412B2 - 固体電池の電気化学セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電池の電気化学セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6637412B2 JP6637412B2 JP2016517290A JP2016517290A JP6637412B2 JP 6637412 B2 JP6637412 B2 JP 6637412B2 JP 2016517290 A JP2016517290 A JP 2016517290A JP 2016517290 A JP2016517290 A JP 2016517290A JP 6637412 B2 JP6637412 B2 JP 6637412B2
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- electrode
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Description
−液体試薬による化学反応(例えば、酸又はアルカリによるエッチング、又はドーピング);
−気体試薬又はプラズマによる化学反応(例えば、ガス、又はガスエッチング、またはプラズマ処理における表面の加熱);
−固体試薬による化学反応(例えば、カソードとアノードとを上述の技術において化学的に結合させる際に、その接触面を変化させる結合剤による);
−物理的な相変換(例えば、保護雰囲気を用いるか又は用いない炉中での、表面の加熱、レーザー処理又はプラズマを用いる加熱)。
−混合導電性アノード及び混合導電性カソードを製造又は準備すること;
−電子伝導性が消滅する相のある程度まで、電子伝導率が著しく低減される、特に、10−8S/cm未満まで低減されるまでこれらの混合導電性電極のうちの少なくとも一つの表面を改質すること;
−引き続いて、改質された表面の少なくとも一つ、又は境界面において改質された表面を、二つの電極の間に配置し、そして電解質の機能を引き受けるように、該電極を一緒にし、そして、適切な方法で電気化学セルに結合すること。
酸化物:Li5.5La3Nb1.75In0.25O12,Li6.625La3Zr1.625Ta0.375O12(ガーネット構造)、Li3xLa(2/3)−xTiO3(ペロブスカイト)、
硫酸塩:Li2S−P2S5系、Li4−xGe1−xPxS4系(チオ−LISICON)
混合導電性カソードの製造は次を含む:
電子伝導相: 35体積% C
イオン伝導相:35体積% Li7La3Zr2O12(LLZ)
活性材料: 30体積% LiFePO4
電子伝導相及び活性材料:50体積% C
イオン伝導相: 50体積% Li7La3Zr2O12
−セル電圧: 3.2V
−寸法: カソードの厚さ: 60.0μm
アノードの厚さ: 24.0μm
電流導体の厚さ: 2×20.0μm
セル全体の厚さ: 124.0μm
面積: 10.0cm2
−可能容量:セル 9.4mAh
1mm厚の電池(セル8個) 75.2mAh
カソード活性材料:187mAh/gを有するCアノード及びβ−固体電解質に対して154mAh/g及び約2.8Vを有するNaFePO4。
電子伝導相: 35体積% C
イオン伝導相:35体積% βAl2O3
活性材料: 30体積% NaFePO4
電子伝導相及び活性材料:50体積% C
イオン伝導相: 50体積% βAl2O3
−セル電圧: 2.8V
−寸法: カソードの厚さ: 60.0μm
アノードの厚さ: 51.0μm
電流導体の厚さ: 2×20.0μm
セル全体の厚さ: 151.0μm
面積: 10.0cm2
−可能容量:セル 10.1mAh
1mm厚の電池(セル6.6個) 66.7mAh
電子伝導率を消滅させるか又は著しく低下させるべき深さは、様々なパラメーターに依存する。ここで最も重要なのは、電極の改質によって製造された電解質自体の電子伝導率である。その際、十分に低い自己放電を確保しなければならない。この場合望ましくは、電極又は変更された表面の電子伝導率の値は<1×10−8S/cmであり、その際、ほぼ1×10−12S/cm周囲の値が特に有利であると見なされている。
セル当たり9.4mAhの5%:0,05・9,40mAh=0,47mAh
本発明の、混合導電性電極の表面改質を有効にできる具体的な処理方法として、熱処理が挙げられ、その場合、例えば、導電相としての炭素を、酸素含有の雰囲気中で、600℃を超える温度に加熱することによって、燃焼させることができる。これは、表面を、例えば、空気又は酸素を充填した慣用的な高い加熱速度の炉又はハロゲンオーブン中で行うことができるか、又は、空気中でレーザー照射を用いて行い、そして表面領域から炭素を定期的に焼尽させ、その際、特に、保持する深さによって作用時間が決まる。
1)保護粉末(例えば、セラミック又は炭素等)中で加熱する、つまり、処理すべき面だけが開放されるようにプローブを埋設する。
2)薄いフィルム(例えば、金、白金、その他の高融点の金属)中に電極を包む、つまり、保護すべき面をフィルム上に置き、そしてその面を、所定の処理する面を覆うことなく、上に曲げる。
固体電池に一緒に組み立てるべきアノード表面及びカソード表面を追加的に処理すべきか否かの決定、及び最適の結果をもたらす決定は、特に、アノード及びカソードの電子伝導相、及び電極材料と処理方法との相互適合性に依存する。
本発明の具体的な実施形態において、本発明による改質が行われた混合導電性のアノード及びカソードの表面のような例のLi7La3Zr2O12(LLZ)マトリックスは互いに積層され、そして加圧せずに1200℃で35時間空気中でか焼される。
表面の処理によって、イオン伝導相は理想的に変化せず、それにより、後々一緒に組み立てる箇所の構造は得られたままの状態である。混合導電性アノード及びカソードの最終的な組み立て時にこれが変化しなければ、この領域は、場合によっては、適切な顕微鏡法で簡単に同定できる。その場合、改質されたか又は完全に消滅した導電相、さもなければ改質されていないイオン伝導相のマトリックスのコントラストは、有効に利用でき得る。
本発明の特徴は次の通りである。
1. 混合導電性アノード、混合導電性カソード、並びにアノードとカソードとの間に配置される電解質層を含む、固体電池のための少なくとも一つの電気化学セルを製造する方法であり、該方法が、
− 混合導電性アノードを製造するか、又は提供する工程、
− 混合導電性カソードを製造するか、又は提供する工程、
− 該二つの電極の少なくとも一つの表面を、追加的な方法工程によってその電極の表面付近の層において、セルに対して垂直な電気伝導率が室温で10 −8 S/cm未満に低下する一方で、イオン伝導率が10 −6 S/cm超であるように改質する工程、
− その際、少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、液体試薬、気体試薬又は固体物質による化学反応、又は物理的な相変換によって行われ、
− 引き続いて、該少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質された層が、該アノードとカソードとの間の境界面において電解質層として配置されるように、該アノード及びカソードを固体電池に組み立てる工程、
を含む、上記の方法。
2. LiC 6 、Li 4.4 Sn、Li 4.4 Si、LiTi 5 O 12 、Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 Na又はLi金属を活性材料として含むアノードが使用される、上記の特徴1に記載の方法。
3. LiCoO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O 2 、LiFePO 4 、LiNi x Co 1−x O 2 、LiNi x Mn 2−x O 4 、NaFePO 4 、NaCoO 2 、Na 2/3 [Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 ]O 2 、NaVPO 4 F又はNa 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 を活性材料として含むカソードが使用される、上記の特徴1又は2に記載の方法。
4. 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、該電極と液体試薬との化学反応によって行われる、上記の特徴1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
5. 少なくとも一つに電極の表面改質が、該電極と固体物質との化学反応によって行われる、上記の特徴1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
6. 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、該電極と気体試薬との化学反応によって行われる、上記の特徴1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
7. 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、物理的な相変換によって行われる、上記の特徴1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
8. 二つの電極の表面が改質される、上記の特徴1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
9. 組み立てられた際の前記改質された表面、又は改質された複数の表面の層の厚さが、合計で、0.1nm〜最大100μmの層厚、特に、0.1μm〜10μmの層厚を有する、上記の特徴1〜8のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
10. 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質によって、セルに対して垂直な電子伝導率が室温で10 −9 S/cm未満に、そして有利には10 −12 S/cm未満に低下する、上記の特徴1〜9のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
11. 少なくとも一つの表面付近が改質された層を有する前記二つの電極を組み立てる際に、境界に添加剤が導入される、上記の特徴1〜10のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
12. 前記表面改質後のイオン伝導率が、その領域において、室温で少なくとも10 −4 S/cmであり、そして特に、10 −2 S/cm超である、上記の特徴1〜11のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
Claims (10)
- 混合導電性アノード、混合導電性カソード、並びにアノードとカソードとの間に配置される電解質層を含む、固体電池のための少なくとも一つの電気化学セルを製造する方法であり、該方法が、
− LiC6、Li4.4Sn、Li4.4Si、LiTi5O12 、Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 又はNa金属を活性材料として含む混合導電性アノードを製造するか、又は提供する工程、− LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2、LiFePO4、NaFePO4、NaCoO2、Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2、NaVPO4F又はNa3V2(PO4)3を活性材料として含む混合導電性カソードを製造するか、又は提供する工程、
− 該二つの電極の少なくとも一つの表面を、追加的な方法工程によってその電極の表面付近の層において、セルに対して垂直な電子伝導率が室温で10−8S/cm未満に低下する一方で、イオン伝導率が10−6S/cm超であるように改質する工程、
− その際、少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、液体試薬、気体試薬又は固体物質による化学反応、又は物理的な相変換によって行われ、
− 引き続いて、該少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質された層が、該アノードとカソードとの間の境界面において電解質層として配置されるように、該アノード及びカソードを固体電池に組み立てる工程、
を含み、
該表面改質が、
液体試薬による化学反応であって、酸又はアルカリによるエッチング、又はドーピングであり、
気体試薬又はプラズマによる化学反応であって、ガス、又はガスエッチング、またはプラズマ処理における表面の加熱であり、
カソードとアノードとを化学的に結合させる際に、その接触面を変化させる結合剤による化学反応であり、又は
物理的な相変換であって、保護雰囲気を用いるか又は用いない炉中での、表面の加熱、レーザー処理又はプラズマを用いる加熱である、
上記の方法。 - 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、該電極と液体試薬との化学反応によって行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つに電極の表面改質が、該電極と固体物質との化学反応によって行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、該電極と気体試薬との化学反応によって行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質が、物理的な相変換によって行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 二つの電極の表面が改質される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 組み立てられた際の前記改質された表面、又は改質された複数の表面の層の厚さが、合計で、0.1nm〜最大100μmの層厚を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの電極の表面改質によって、セルに対して垂直な電子伝導率が室温で10−9S/cm未満に低下する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの表面付近が改質された層を有する前記二つの電極を組み立てる際に、境界に添加剤が導入される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記表面改質後のイオン伝導率が、その領域において、室温で少なくとも10−4S/cmである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
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JP2016532244A (ja) | 2016-10-13 |
US20170263980A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
DE102013017594A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
EP3050143B1 (de) | 2017-08-02 |
PL3050143T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
HUE036499T2 (hu) | 2018-07-30 |
EP3050143A1 (de) | 2016-08-03 |
WO2015043564A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
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