JP4941623B2 - 電気化学デバイス用電極材料及びその製造方法、並びに、電気化学デバイス用電極及び電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
電気化学デバイス用電極材料及びその製造方法、並びに、電気化学デバイス用電極及び電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 45
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 21
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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Description
体積抵抗率ρ(Ω・cm) = R・S/d (式1)
嵩密度(g/cm3) = w/(S・d) (式2)
前記チタン酸リチウムを比較電極材料1とする。
チタン酸リチウムと混合する有機物として、ビスフェノールA型樹脂(ナガセケムテックス社製、品番:CY230、フェノール構造の分子量比:推定約54%)を用い、前記チタン酸リチウム、前記有機物及び溶剤を15:15:3の重量比で含有するスラリー状の混合物を得た。ここで、溶剤はトルエンとジブチルフタレートの混合物である。このうちジブチルフタレートは前記ビスフェノールA型樹脂に元々含有していたものである。スラリー状の前記混合物20gをステンレス鋼製の焼成用ボートに流し込み、内径70mmの管状炉内に設置し、窒素ガス気流(流速500ml/min)雰囲気とし、昇温速度10℃/minにて600℃まで昇温し、同温度で12時間保持した後、窒素ガス気流雰囲気のまま自然冷却し、焼成用ボートの内容物をめのう乳鉢で粉砕した。このようにして、本発明に係る電気化学デバイス用電極材料を得た。これを本発明電極材料1とする。
チタン酸リチウム、有機物及び溶剤の重量比を19:12:3としたスラリー状の混合物を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の処方により、本発明に係る電気化学デバイス用電極材料を得た。これを本発明電極材料2とする。
前記本発明電極材料1、2及び比較電極材料1について、前記した測定装置を用いて温度23℃の空気中で体積抵抗率の測定を行った。測定プローブの測定面の面積は0.272cm2である。測定に供した電極材料の粉体試料の質量は0.35〜0.40gである。
前記チタン酸リチウムとアセチレンブラックとを9:1の重量比で乾式混合した。これを比較電極材料2とする。
前記チタン酸リチウムとアセチレンブラックとを8:1の重量比で乾式混合した。これを比較電極材料3とする。
前記本発明電極材料1、アセチレンブラック及びポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を重量比80:10:10の割合で混合し、分散媒としてN−メチルピロリドンを加えて混練分散し、塗布液を調製した。なお、前記PVdFは固形分が溶解分散された液を用い、固形重量換算した。該塗布液を厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔集電体に塗布し、ロールプレスして集電体を含む厚さが79(±1)μmの負極板を作製した。これを本発明電極1とする。
チタン酸リチウム、アセチレンブラック及びポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を重量比80:10:10の割合で混合したことを除いては、上記本発明電極1の場合と同様の処方により、比較電極1を作製した。
正極板を次のようにして作製した。LiCoO2、アセチレンブラック及びポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を重量比90:5:5の割合で混合し、分散媒としてN−メチルピロリドンを加えて混練分散し、塗布液を調製した。なお、前記PVdFは固形分が溶解分散された液を用い、固形重量換算した。該塗布液を厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔集電体に塗布し、プレスして正極板を作製した。
本発明電気化学デバイス1及び比較電気化学デバイス1に対し、5サイクルの初期充放電試験を行った。1サイクル目の充電は、負極に対して0.1ItAの電流値で参照極に対する負極電位が2.5Vに上昇するまで行った。引き続く放電は、前記充電と同一の電流値で正・負極間の電圧が2.5Vに下降するまで行った。2〜5サイクル目の充放電は、電流値を負極に対して0.2ItAに変更したことを除いては1サイクル目と同一の条件により行った。また、全てのサイクルにおいて充電から放電への切換時、及び、放電から充電への切換時には各々30分間の休止時間を設定した。5サイクル目の放電結果より、本発明電池1及び比較電池1のいずれにおいても、チタン酸リチウムの理論容量(150mAh/g)通りの負極容量が得られていることを確認した。なお、5サイクル目の放電容量を「初期容量」とする。
続いて、本発明電気化学デバイス1及び比較電気化学デバイス1に対して出力特性試験を行った。放電は、負極に対して0.2Itから50Itまでの種々の放電率にて行った。放電中、参照極に対する負極電位をモニターし、負極の単極性能を評価した。各放電の終了後、休止時間を30分設け、負極に対して0.2ItAの電流値で参照極に対する負極電位が2.5Vに上昇するまで行った。各放電条件における放電容量を前記初期容量に対する百分率で求め、各放電率に対する「放電容量率(%)」とした。
チタン酸リチウムと混合する有機物として、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂(重量平均分子量1,500)粉末を用い、前記チタン酸リチウムとポリビニルアルコールの17%水溶液を混合することにより、前記有機物及び水を1:1:5の重量比で含有するスラリー状の混合物を得た。この混合物を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、本発明に係る電気化学デバイス用電極材料を得た。これを本発明電極材料3とする。なお、チタン酸リチウムと混合する有機物として上記ポリビニルアルコール樹脂を用いる場合には、樹脂溶液の濃度は10重量%以上飽和濃度以下が好ましい。
チタン酸リチウムと混合する有機物として、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂粉末を用い、溶剤を用いず、前記チタン酸リチウムとポリビニルアルコール粉末を1:1の重量比で乾式混合した混合物を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、本発明に係る電気化学デバイス用電極材料を得た。これを本発明電極材料4とする。
2A,2B 測定面
3A,3B 台座
4A,4B 測定用端子
5 貫通孔
6 側体
7 隙間ゲージ
Claims (7)
- チタン酸リチウムを90%以上含有し、チタン酸リチウムの粒子表面に炭素材料を付着又は被覆してなる電気化学デバイス用電極材料であって、嵩密度が1.5g/cm3以上であり、且つ、体積抵抗率が16Ω・cm以下であり、前記炭素材料が、フェノール構造を有する有機物又はポリビニルアルコールを炭化したものであることを特徴とする電気化学デバイス用電極材料。
- 前記チタン酸リチウムは、スピネル構造を有し、Li4Ti5O12組成式で表されるものである請求項1に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極材料。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極材料を含有している電気化学デバイス用電極。
- 請求項3に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極を用いた電気化学デバイス。
- チタン酸リチウムとフェノール構造を有する有機物又はポリビニルアルコールとを混合し、熱処理によって、請求項1又は2に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極材料を得ることを特徴とする電気化学デバイス用電極材料の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理は、溶剤の存在下で熱処理工程に供することを特徴とする請求項5記載の電気化学デバイス用電極材料の製造方法。
- 前記溶剤は非水溶剤であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電気化学デバイス用電極材料の製造方法。
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US11/658,079 US20080315161A1 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2005-07-27 | Electrochemical Device-Oriented Electrode Material and Production Method Thereof , as Well as Electrochemical Device-Oriented Electrode and Electochemical Device |
PCT/JP2005/014155 WO2006011642A1 (ja) | 2004-07-28 | 2005-07-27 | 電気化学デバイス用電極材料及びその製造方法、並びに、電気化学デバイス用電極及び電気化学デバイス |
CNB200580025194XA CN100492729C (zh) | 2004-07-28 | 2005-07-27 | 电化学装置用电极材料及其制造方法以及电化学装置用电极和电化学装置 |
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DE102009020832A1 (de) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-25 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verbundmaterial enthaltend ein gemischtes Lithium-Metalloxid |
WO2012169331A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | チタン酸リチウム一次粒子、チタン酸リチウム凝集体及びこれらを用いたリチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムイオンキャパシタ |
EP2595224A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-22 | Süd-Chemie IP GmbH & Co. KG | Doped lithium titanium spinel compound and electrode comprising the same |
CN102637873B (zh) * | 2012-03-27 | 2016-08-17 | 曾小毛 | 一种锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 |
JP2014056747A (ja) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-27 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | 電池用電極製造方法 |
CN102832383B (zh) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-09-10 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | 高振实密度球形钛酸锂材料的制备方法 |
JP6026359B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | チタン酸リチウム負極活物質 |
JP6609413B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-19 | 2019-11-20 | 株式会社エンビジョンAescジャパン | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2017084101A1 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Lithium ion battery |
CN110993934A (zh) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-10 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) | 一种钛酸锂正极金属锂负极锂原电池及其制备方法 |
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US5766796A (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1998-06-16 | Eic Laboratories, Inc. | Passivation-free solid state battery |
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CA2327370A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-05 | 2002-06-05 | Hydro-Quebec | Nouvelle methode de fabrication de li4ti5o12 pur a partir du compose ternaire tix-liy-carbone: effet du carbone sur la synthese et la conductivite de l'electrode |
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JP5000811B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2012-08-15 | チタン工業株式会社 | チタン酸リチウム粉体及びその用途 |
WO2003008334A1 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2003-01-30 | Altair Nanomaterials Inc. | Process for making lithium titanate |
EP1282180A1 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-05 | Xoliox SA | Process for producing Li4Ti5O12 and electrode materials |
JP3969072B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-27 | 2007-08-29 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
US20050019656A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2005-01-27 | Yoon Sang Young | Method for fabricating composite electrodes |
CA2394056A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-01-12 | Hydro-Quebec | Particules comportant un noyau non conducteur ou semi conducteur recouvert d'un couche conductrice, leurs procedes d'obtention et leur utilisation dans des dispositifs electrochimiques |
JP4159954B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-24 | 2008-10-01 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質電池 |
JP4761239B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-31 | 2011-08-31 | 日立マクセルエナジー株式会社 | 非水二次電池の電極材料およびその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた非水二次電池 |
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JP4381273B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-01 | 2009-12-09 | 株式会社東芝 | 二次電池及び二次電池の製造方法 |
JP4213687B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-07 | 2009-01-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質電池及び電池パック |
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