JP4881476B2 - ピリジルピペリジン・オレキシン受容体アンタゴニスト - Google Patents
ピリジルピペリジン・オレキシン受容体アンタゴニスト Download PDFInfo
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- JP4881476B2 JP4881476B2 JP2010509380A JP2010509380A JP4881476B2 JP 4881476 B2 JP4881476 B2 JP 4881476B2 JP 2010509380 A JP2010509380 A JP 2010509380A JP 2010509380 A JP2010509380 A JP 2010509380A JP 4881476 B2 JP4881476 B2 JP 4881476B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
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Description
本発明は、オレキシン受容体のアンタゴニストであり、オレキシン受容体が関与する神経性及び精神医学的障害及び疾患の治療又は予防に有用であるピリジルピペリジン化合物を目的とする。本発明はまた、これら化合物を含有してなる医薬組成物、及びオレキシン受容体が関与するかかる疾患の予防又は治療におけるこれら化合物及び組成物の使用を目的とする。
本発明は、式(I):
Aは、フェニル、ナフチル、及びヘテロアリールからなる群より選択され;
R1a、R1b、及びR1cは、A1の原子価がかかる置換を可能としない場合には存在しなくともよく、また、それらは、独立して、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)ヒドロキシル、
(4)−(C=O)m−On−C1−6アルキル(式中、mは0又は1であり、nは0又は1であり(ここで、mが0であるか、又はnが0である場合、結合が存在する)、また当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(5)−(C=O)m−On−C3−6シクロアルキル(式中、当該シクロアルキルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(6)−(C=O)m−C2−4アルケニル(式中、当該アルケニルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(7)−(C=O)m−C2−4アルキニル(式中、当該アルキニルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(8)−(C=O)m−On−フェニル又は−(C=O)m−On−ナフチル(式中、当該フェニル又はナフチルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(9)−(C=O)m−On−へテロ環(式中、当該へテロ環は未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(10)−(C=O)m−NR10R11(式中、R10及びR11は、独立して、
(a)水素、
(b)C1−6アルキル(これは、未置換であるか、又はR13により置換されている)、
(c)C3−6アルケニル(これは、未置換であるか、又はR13により置換されている)、
(d)C3−6アルキニル(これは、未置換であるか、又はR13により置換されている)、
(e)C3−6シクロアルキル(これは、未置換であるか、又はR13により置換されている)、
(f)フェニル(これは、未置換であるか、又はR13により置換されている)、及び
(g)ヘテロ環(これは、未置換であるか、又はR13により置換されている)からなる群より選択される)、
(11)−S(O)2−NR10R11、
(12)−S(O)q−R12(式中、qは0、1、又は2であり、R12はR10及びR11の定義から選択される)、
(13)−CO2H、
(14)−CN、及び
(15)−NO2からなる群より選択され;
(1)水素、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)ヒドロキシル、
(4)−(C=O)m−On−C1−6アルキル(式中、当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(5)−(C=O)m−On−C3−6シクロアルキル(式中、当該シクロアルキルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(6)−(C=O)m−C2−4アルケニル(式中、当該アルケニルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(7)−(C=O)m−C2−4アルキニル(式中、当該アルキニルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(8)−(C=O)m−On−フェニル又は−(C=O)m−On−ナフチル(式中、当該フェニル又はナフチルは未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(9)−(C=O)m−On−へテロ環(式中、当該へテロ環は未置換であるか、又はR13から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(10)−(C=O)m−NR10R11、
(11)−S(O)2−NR10R11、
(12)−S(O)q−R12、
(13)−CO2H、
(14)−CN、及び
(15)−NO2からなる群より選択され;
(1)ハロゲン、
(2)ヒドロキシル、
(3)−(C=O)m−On−C1−6アルキル(式中、当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はR14から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(4)−On−(C1−3)ペルフルオロアルキル、
(5)−(C=O)m−On−C3−6シクロアルキル(式中、当該シクロアルキルは未置換であるか、又はR14から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(6)−(C=O)m−C2−4アルケニル(式中、当該アルケニルは未置換であるか、又はR14から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(7)−(C=O)m−C2−4アルキニル(式中、当該アルキニルは未置換であるか、又はR14から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(8)−(C=O)m−On−フェニル又は−(C=O)m−On−ナフチル(式中、当該フェニル又はナフチルは未置換であるか、又はR14から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(9)−(C=O)m−On−へテロ環(式中、当該へテロ環は未置換であるか、又はR14から選択される1個以上の置換基により置換されている)、
(10)−(C=O)m−NR10R11、
(11)−S(O)2−NR10R11、
(12)−S(O)q−R12、
(13)−CO2H、
(14)−CN、及び
(15)−NO2からなる群より選択され;
(1)ヒドロキシル、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)C1−6アルキル、
(4)−C3−6シクロアルキル、
(5)−O−C1−6アルキル、
(6)−O(C=O)−C1−6アルキル、
(7)−NH−C1−6アルキル、
(8)フェニル、
(9)ヘテロ環、
(10)−CO2H、及び
(11)−CNからなる群より選択される]
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩に関する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)ヒドロキシル、
(4)C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、フェニル、若しくはナフチルにより置換されている)、
(5)−O−C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、若しくはフェニルにより置換されている)、
(6)ヘテロアリール(ここで、ヘテロアリールは、トリアゾリル、オキサゾリル、ピロリル、イミダゾリル、インドリル、ピリジル、及びピリミジニルから選択され、これらは、未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)、
(7)フェニル(当該フェニルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)、
(8)−O−フェニル(当該フェニルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)、及び
(9)−NH−C1−6アルキル、又は−N(C1−6アルキル)(C1−6アルキル)(それぞれは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)からなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)ヒドロキシル、
(4)C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、フェニル若しくはナフチルにより置換されている)、
(5)−O−C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、若しくはフェニルにより置換されている)、
(6)ヘテロアリール(ここで、ヘテロアリールは、トリアゾリル、オキサゾリル、及びピリミジニルから選択され、これらは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、若しくはC1−6アルキルにより置換されている)、及び
(7)フェニル(当該フェニルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、若しくはC1−6アルキルにより置換されている)からなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)C1−6アルキル、
(4)トリアゾリル、
(5)オキサゾリル、
(6)ピリミジニル、及び
(7)フェニルからなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)クロロ、
(3)フルオロ、
(4)メチル、
(5)トリアゾリル、
(6)オキサゾリル、
(7)ピリミジニル、及び
(8)フェニルからなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)ヒドロキシル、
(4)C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、フェニル若しくはナフチルにより置換されている)、
(5)−O−C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、若しくはフェニルにより置換されている)、
(6)ヘテロアリール(ここで、ヘテロアリールは、ピロリル、イミダゾリル、インドリル、ピリジル、及びピリミジニルから選択され、これらは、未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)、
(7)フェニル(当該フェニルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)、
(8)−O−フェニル(当該フェニルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)、及び
(9)−NH−C1−6アルキル、又は−N(C1−6アルキル)(C1−6アルキル)(それぞれは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1−6アルキル、−O−C1−6アルキル、若しくは−NO2により置換されている)からなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)ヒドロキシル、
(4)C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、若しくはフェニルにより置換されている)、
(5)−O−C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、若しくはフェニルにより置換されている)、及び
(6)−NH−C1−6アルキル、又は−N(C1−6アルキル)(C1−6アルキル)(それぞれは未置換であるか、又はハロゲンにより置換されている)からなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)ハロゲン、
(3)C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲンにより置換されている)、
(4)−O−C1−6アルキル(当該アルキルは未置換であるか、又はハロゲンにより置換されている)、及び
(5)−NH−C1−6アルキル、又は−N(C1−6アルキル)(C1−6アルキル)(それぞれは未置換であるか、又はハロゲンにより置換されている)からなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)クロロ、
(3)フルオロ、
(4)ブロモ、
(5)メトキシ、
(6)t−ブトキシ、
(7)ジフルオロメチル、及び
(8)トリフルオロメチルからなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
(1)水素、
(2)フルオロ、及び
(3)トリフルオロメチルからなる群より選択される化合物を包含する。
ン;(57)11βHSD−1(11ベータ ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ1型)インヒビター、例えば、BVT3498、BVT2733;(58)アミノレックス;(59)アンフェクロラール;(60)アンフェタミン;(61)ベンズフェタミン;(62)クロルフェンテルミン;(63)クロベンゾレックス;(64)クロフォレックス;(65)クロミノレックス;(66)クロルテルミン;(67)シクレキセドリン;(68)デキストロアンフェタミン;(69)ジフェメトキシジン;(70)N−エチルアンフェタミン;(71)フェンブトラゼート;(72)フェニソレックス;(73)フェンプロポレックス;(74)フルドレックス;(75)フルミノレックス;(76)フルフリルメチルアンフェタミン;(77)レバムフェタミン;(78)レバファセトペラン;(79)メフェノレックス;(80)メタンフェプラモン;(81)メタンフェタミン;(82)ノルシュードエフェドリン;(83)ペントレックス;(84)フェンジメトラジン;(85)フェンメトラジン;(86)ピシロレックス;(87)フィトファルム57;及び(88)ゾニサミドを包含する。
実施例A
MeOH(300ml)中の6−メチルニコチン酸(20g、146mmol)の溶液を、HClガスにより、溶媒が飽和状態となるまで処理した。反応に蓋をし、室温で1.5時間攪拌した。この混合物を再度HClガスで溶媒が飽和状態となるまで処理し、蓋をして22℃で一晩攪拌した。この溶液を濃縮してA−2を得た。A−2のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):152.75。
EtOH(200ml)中のA−2(23g、152mmol)の溶液を、5モル%酸化白金(1.728g、7.61mmol)と酢酸(8.71ml、152mmol)で処理した。パール瓶を減圧とし、H2(g)を3回充填し、H2(g)気流下(45psi、4回再充填)に22℃で3時間、攪拌した。混合物をセライトで濾過し、濾過ケーキをMeOHで洗った。濾液を濃縮し、〜3.5:1のシス:トランス ジアステレオマー比をもつ生成物を得た。この物質を300mLのMeOHで希釈し、ナトリウムメトキシド(32.9g、183mmol)で処理し、50℃に加熱し、この温度で4日間攪拌した。混合物を22℃まで冷やし、conc.HClでpH7に中和し、セライトで濾過して、濾液を濃縮した。残渣をMeOHに懸濁し、再度濾過した。得られる濾液を濃縮してA−3(〜3:1 トランス:シス)を得た。A−3のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):158.9。
THF(15ml)中の当該アミン塩酸塩(〜3:1 トランス:シス;500mg、2.58mmol)の懸濁液を水素化リチウムアルミニウム(3.37ml、7.75mmol)により22℃でゆっくり処理した。この溶液を0℃まで加温して20分間攪拌し、次いで、0.294mLの水、0.294mlの15%NaOH、及び0.882mLの水で連続して滴下処理した。この混合物に硫酸ナトリウムを加えた。22℃で20分間攪拌した後、混合物を濾過し、濾液を濃縮してA−4を無色油として得た。A−4のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):130.2。
DCM(15ml)中の当該アミンA−4(350mg、2.71mmol)の溶液をTEA(0.755ml、5.42mmol)とCBZ−Cl(0.387ml、2.71mmol)で処理した。この混合物を22℃で処理し、濃縮した。残渣をEtOAcと水に分配した。有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上、勾配溶出(0〜70%EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製して、ラセミ体(〜3:1 トランス:シス)377mgを得た。該トランス体は、5cmのCDキラルカラム上、無勾配溶出(93:7 ヘキサン:EtOH;75mL/分;1回の注入)により、215nmで検出し、シス−ジアステレオマーからそのエナンチオマーに分離して、120mgのA−5、ピーク1(無色油、100%ee)及び114mgのピーク2(無色油、30%シス体により汚染、90%ee)を得た。A−5のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):264。同様に、シス−ジアステレオマーはそのエナンチオマーに分離可能であり、以下の手法を利用して、(R,S)及び(S,R)化合物とすることができる。
DCM(3ml)中、最初の溶出異性体A−5(120mg、0.456mmol)、5−フルオロ−2−ヒドロキシピリジン(56.7mg、0.501mmol)、及び樹脂結合−トリフェニルホスフィン(0.254ml、0.547mmol)の溶液を、アザジカルボン酸ジイソプロピルエステル(0.106ml、0.547mmol)で処理した。この混合物を一晩攪拌し、濾過、濾液を濃縮した。粗生成物を逆相上の勾配溶出(5〜95%MeCN/水(0.1%TFA)により精製して、純粋なフラクションを得た;これを濃縮し、EtOAcで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水で洗った。有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮し、A−6を無色フィルムとして得た。A−6のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):264。
EtOH(5ml)中の該カルバメートA−6(107mg、0.299mmol)の溶液を10モル%水酸化パラジウム/炭素(20.96mg、0.030mmol)で処理した。フラスコを減圧とし、H2(g)を3回充填し、H2(g)気流下(1気圧)に22℃で40分間攪拌した。この混合物をシリンジフィルターで濾過した。濾液を濃縮して、A−7を無色フィルムとして得た。A−7のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):225。
DMF(10mL)中、2−ヨード−5−メチル安息香酸(4.0g、15.3mmol)の溶液を、1,2,3−トリアゾール(2.1g、30.5mmol)、Cs2CO3(9.95g、30.5mmol)、CuI(0.145g、0.76mmol)、及びトランス−N,N’−ジメチルシクロヘキサン−1,2−ジアミン(0.43g、3.05mmol)で処理した。この混合物をマイクロ波反応器中、120℃で10分間加熱した。反応液を室温に冷却し、水で希釈し、EtOAcで洗った。水層を1N−HClで酸性とし、EtOAcで抽出した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮した。残渣をSiO2上の勾配溶出(0〜10%MeOH/CH2Cl2;0.1%AcOH含有)により精製すると、最初に2−(2H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−2−イル)−5−メチル安息香酸(A−8)が溶出し、次いで、所望でない位置異性体、1−(2H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−2−イル)−5−メチル安息香酸が溶出した。A−8のデータ:1HNMR(500MHz,DMSO−d6)d12.98(br s,1H),8.04(s,2H),7.72−7.45(m,3H),2.41(s,3H)ppm。
DMF(1ml)中のA−7(67mg、0.299mmol)の溶液を酸A−8(60.7mg、0.299mmol)、EDC(68.7mg、0.358mmol)、HOBT(54.9mg、0.358mmol)、及びトリエチルアミン(0.167ml、1.195mmol)で処理した。22℃で一晩攪拌した後、混合物をEtOAcで希釈し、3回水洗した。有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上、勾配溶出(0〜75%EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製して、不純な物質を得た。この物質を逆相上の勾配溶出(5〜95%MeCN/水;0.1%TFA含有)により精製して、純フラクションを得た;これを濃縮し、EtOAcで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水で洗った。有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮して、A−9を白色固体として得た。A−9のデータ:HRMSm/z(M+H):実測値410.1993.要求値410.1987。
実施例B
CH2Cl2(50ml)中のA−7(325mg、1.5mmol)の溶液に、0℃で、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(506mL、2.9mmol)を加え、次いで、C−1(447mg、1.6mmol;A−8をCH2Cl2中でSOCl2と触媒DMFとで処理することにより生成させる)を加えた。室温に戻し、2時間攪拌した後、反応液をCH2Cl2と飽和NaHCO3水に分配した。層分離し、水層を再度CH2Cl2で抽出し、併合した有機層を水洗し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、濾過し、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上、勾配溶出(0〜100%EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製して、B−2(530mg)を白色固体として得た。B−2のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):469.1。
DMF(2ml)中のB−2(70mg、0.15mmol)の溶液に、2−トリブチルスタンニルピラジン(83mg、0.22mmol)、ヨウ化銅(I)(5.7mg、0.03mmol)、フッ化セシウム(45mg、0.3mmol)、及びテトラキストリフェニルホスフィンパラジウム(0)(17mg、0.015mmol)を加えた。80℃で一晩攪拌した後、反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配した。層分離し、有機層を水と飽和食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上、勾配溶出(0〜100%EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、さらにシリカゲル上の2回目のクロマトグラフィー(0〜100% 80:10:10 CHCl3:EtOAc:MeOH/CHCl3)により精製して、20mgのB−3を無色ガムとして得た。B−3のデータ:HRMSm/z(M+H):実測値421.2011,要求値421.2034。
実施例C
MeOH(50mL)中のA−5(2.75g、10.4mmol)の溶液に、20%Pd(OH)2/炭素(〜700mg)を加え、フラスコを減圧として、その空気をH2と置き換えた。H2風船のもとで一晩攪拌した後、反応液をセライトで濾過し、濃縮してC−1(1.29g;96%)を白色固体として得た。C−1のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):130.2。
CH2Cl2(70ml)中のC−1(675mg、5.22mmol)の溶液に、0℃でトリエチルアミン(2.9ml、20.9mmol)を加え、次いで、C−2(2.17g、10.4mmol;B−1と同様の方法で、2−ヨード安息香酸から出発して合成した)を加えた。室温に戻し、一晩攪拌した後、反応液をCH2Cl2と水に分配した。層分離し、有機層を飽和NaHCO3水と水で洗い、Na2SO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮して、ビスアシル化物質である小麦色の固体2.46gを得た。エステルを選択的に加水分解するために、この物質を150mLのTHF/MeOH(1:1)に溶かし、この溶液に50mLの1M−LiOHを加えた。室温で一晩攪拌した後、この混合物をEtOAcと0.5M−NaOHに分配した。層分離し、有機層を0.5M−NaOHと飽和食塩水で2回洗い、Na2SO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上、勾配溶出(0〜100%EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、890mgのC−3を白色固体として得た。C−3のデータ:LRMSm/z(M+H):301.2。
DMF(2ml)中のC−3(50mg、0.25mmol)の溶液に、水素化ナトリウム(10mg、0.25mmol;60%懸濁液/油)を加え、次いで2−フルオロ−6−メチルピリジン(21mg、0.18mmol)を加えた。室温で一晩攪拌した後、追加量のNaHと2−フルオロ−6−メチルピリジンを加え、さらに8時間攪拌を続け、飽和NH4Cl水で反応停止させた。次いで、この混合物をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配した。層分離し、有機層を水と飽和食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、濾過、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上、勾配溶出(0〜100%EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、70mgのC−4を白色固体として得た。C−4のデータ:HRMSm/z(M+H):実測値392.2059,要求値392.2081。
実施例D
滴下漏斗、窒素送入口、及び熱電対を装着した視覚的に清浄な乾燥100L丸底フラスコに、アセトニトリルと炭酸カリウムを加えた。マロン酸ジメチルを加え、得られる混合物を17℃に冷却した(氷/水浴)。内部温度が26℃を超えないようにしながら、メチルビニルケトンを3時間かけて添加した。18時間後、HPLCは完全な変換を示した。この混合物を、60LのMTBEと20Lの水を容れた100Lの抽出器に移した。層分離し、水層を20LのMTBEでさらに抽出した。併合した有機層を20Lの水で洗い、その懸濁液を5時間静置した。次いで、有機層をソルカフロックで濾過し、バッチ濃縮し、20LのMTBEで洗い、15.1kgのD−1を得た(1H−NMRで80wt%;80%収率)。D−1のデータ:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.69(s,6H),3.40(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),2.50(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.15−2.06(m,5H)。
視覚的に清浄な20L丸底フラスコに、7.15kgの64wt%D−1を負荷し、回転蒸発(rotavope)により残りのアセトニトリルとMTBEを除去した。得られる溶液は83wt%である。頂部攪拌機付の視覚的に清浄な100Lブッチジャケット反応器に、45Lの水を加えた。開始時、30℃に加熱し、次いで852gのNa2HPO4、7.2kgのD−アラニン、6.48kgのグルコース、22.5gのNAD、及び45gのPLPを加えた。NaOHでpH7.4に調整し、次いで、450gのATA−117トランスアミナーゼ、9gの乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、及び45gのグルコースデヒドロゲナーゼを加え、2.5Lの水で容器中に洗い容れた。すべての酵素が溶液となった後、回転蒸発したD−1の溶液を加え、次いで最終2.5Lの水を加えた。5N−NaOHによるpH調整を開始した。反応液を42時間攪拌放置した;反応は31時間で完結した。反応容器に19.4kgのNaCl及び6.0Lの5N−HClを加え、pH3.5に調整した。アセトニトリル20Lを加え、10分間攪拌した。攪拌機を止め、反応混合物を1時間静置した。アセトニトリル層を除去し、水層をアセトニトリルで再抽出し、当該アセトニトリル層と併合した。得られるアセトニトリル溶液をソルカフロックで濾過し、同様のサイズの第二バッチと併合し、バッチを濃縮してアセトニトリルと水を除去した。得られる油は高レベルの不均一系NaClを含んでいた。次いで、この油を50LのEtOAcに溶解し、視覚的に清浄な20L丸底フラスコに移し、回転蒸発してD−2を油として得た(5.5kg、94wt%;74%収率;99%ee、キラルパック上のHPLCにより決定)。D−2のデータ:LRMS(M+H)=172。
グリコール冷却コイル、窒素送入口、大型ガス出口、及び熱電対を備えた視覚的に清浄な乾燥140L抽出器に、18.7wt%D−2/EtOH溶液(4.6L/kg)及び追加の71.4LのEtOH(25.4L/kg)を容れた。塩化カルシウムを15分間で3回に分けて添加し、26℃から22℃に冷やしながら完全に溶解するまで攪拌した。水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを20分間で3回に分けて添加した。最後の添加の後、温度を25℃まで上昇した。ガス発生は30分以内に収まった。反応混合物は、温度が22℃以下に維持されるように冷却しながら、20時間攪拌放置した。この混合物を5℃に冷却し、温度を9.5℃以下に維持しながら、11.2Lの6N−HClを30分かけて注意深く加えることにより、反応停止した。これを室温に戻し、2時間攪拌した。この混合物に浸漬した湿潤pHペーパーはpH2を示した。これをソルカフロックで濾過し、EtOH(2×12L)ですすいだ。各容器について、総量2.55kg(108%AY)をアッセイした。濾液を同様サイズの第二のバッチと併合し、バッチ濃縮した。殆どのエタノールを蒸発させた後、8Lの水を加えてEtOHを共蒸発させ、沈殿を一部溶解させた。水層23Lを抽出器に移した後、容量を水で31.6Lに調整した。これを53Lの、次いで、2×26.5Lの1−ブタノールで抽出した(HPLCアッセイは、水層に92g、1.9%を損失したことを示す)。併合した有機層を10.5Lの食塩水で洗った(HPLCアッセイは、洗浄液に419g、8.8%を損失したことを示す)。有機層を4.21kg(92%回収、96%AY)とアッセイし、最少容量に濃縮した。次いでこれを12Lの水と、さらに120Lのイソプロパノールと共沸した。KFは総容量〜40Lに対して水分0.5%とアッセイした。この懸濁液をソルカフロックで濾過し、2×10Lのイソプロパノールですすいだ。濾液を抽出器中で攪拌して均一とし、4.13kg(94%AY、1.7:1dr)とアッセイした。この溶液を2つの等量バッチに分けた。各バッチを最少容量に濃縮し、140LのTHFと共沸して、D−3をベージュの懸濁液(94%収率)として得た。1H−NMRは0.6当量イソプロパノールを示す。D−3のデータ:LRMS(M+H)=144。
機械式攪拌機、熱電対、窒素送入口、及び冷却浴を備えた視覚的に清浄な乾燥100Lの5頚丸底フラスコに、D−3(2.07kg、1.0当量)及びTHF(20L、10mL/g)を容れた。混合物を−25℃に冷却した。LiAlH4(2.6M溶液、22.2L、4.0当量)を3.5時間かけて加え、この間、温度は−25℃〜+12℃に維持した。重要なガス(H2)の発生は、最初の6LのLiAlH4の添加の際に観測された。添加終了後、混合物を20℃に加温し、次いで、スチームにより50℃に加熱した。この混合物をこの温度で12時間熟成した。GC−FIDとLC−MSは>99%の所望のピペリジン−アルコールへの変換を示した。この混合物を−25℃に冷却し、フィーザー処理により反応を停止させた。水(2.2L)を3時間かけて混合物に加えると、重要なガスの発生と発熱を認めた(温度は−25℃ないし+13℃に維持した)。次いで、混合物に3.75M−NaOH(2.2L)を1.5時間で添加した。最後に、水(6.6L)を1時間かけて添加した。この混合物を5℃に冷却し、1.5時間熟成した。この懸濁液を濾過し、そのケーキをTHF(20L)ですすいだ。1.54kg(2.33%wt)が得られた;従って、D−4のアッセイ収率は82%であった(dr=1.7:1、トランス異性体が優位)。D−4のデータ:LRMS(M+H)=130。
機械式攪拌機、熱電対、窒素送入口、及び冷却コイルを備えた視覚的に清浄な乾燥140Lの5頚抽出器に、D−4(3.04kg、1.0当量)及びTHF(60L、20mL/g)を容れた。この混合物に、(D)−(+)−CSA(4.37kg、0.8当量)のTHF溶液(4mL/g、12L)を1時間をかけて添加した。塩は播種することなしに結晶化した。添加終了後、混合物を20℃で45分間熟成し、次いで、MTBE(10mL/g、30L)を45分かけて添加した。混合物を45分間熟成し、次いで45分間で2℃に冷却した。混合物をこの温度で30分間熟成し、次いで濾過した。塩を2×6mL/g(2×18L)のTHF/MTBE(1/1)で、次いで、1×6mL/g(1×18L)のMTBEですすぎ、窒素気流下にフリット上で16時間乾燥し、4.46kg(52%)のD−5を白色固体として得た。塩のジアステレオ選択性(塩分解後の遊離塩基サンプルについて測定)は40−50:1であった。
グリコール冷却コイル、窒素送入口、及び熱電対を装着した視覚的に清浄な乾燥140L抽出器に、ジクロロメタン40Lを容れ、次いでD−5(4.2kg)を容れた。この懸濁液に、トリエチルアミンを一回で加え(4.8L、発熱観測されず)、次いでBoc20(2.66kgを5分間で加え、4℃で発熱観察)を加えた。30分後、反応混合物が均一になった。LCMSアッセイ(3時間後)は出発物質の完全な消費を示した。反応混合物を2M塩化アンモニウム(40L)で希釈し、層分離した。有機層を半飽和食塩水(20L)で洗い、層分離した。粗反応混合物のHPLCアッセイは105%AY(2.81kg)を示した。この粗反応混合物をNa2SO4で乾燥し(200wt%)、濾過してトシル化反応用の100Lフラスコに移した。
機械式攪拌機、窒素送入口、及び熱電対を装着した視覚的に清浄な乾燥100L反応器に、D−6の粗ジクロロメタン溶液を容れた(最終容量を10L、約2.2mL/gに調整した)。この冷溶液(0℃)にピリジン(5.5L、発熱観測せず)を加え、次いでTsClを加えた(4回に分けて1時間で;発熱するが容易に制御)。反応混合物を室温に戻し、18時間攪拌した(HPLCは出発物質の完全な消費を示した)。反応混合物を140Lの抽出器に移し、MTBE(7mL/g)、飽和NH4Cl(20L)、及び水(10L)で希釈した。層分離し、有機層をCuSO4・5H2O(20L、次いで10L)、飽和NaHCO3(10L)、及び半飽和食塩水(10L)で洗浄した。粗有機層をシリカゲル(1.5kg)のパッド上で濾過し、パッドをMTBE(10L)ですすいだ。得られる溶液について測定したD−7のアッセイ収率は93%(4.28kg)であった。D−7のデータ:LRMS(M−Boc)=284.0。
機械式攪拌機、熱電対、窒素送入口、及び冷却浴を装着した視覚的に清浄な乾燥100L5頚丸底フラスコに、D−7(3.23kg、1.0当量)及びNMP(65L、20mL/g)を容れた。5−フルオロ−2−ヒドロキシピリジン(1.19kg、1.25当量)を加え、次いで、Cs2CO3(7.37kg、2.7当量)を加えた。発熱は観測されなかった。この混合物を60℃に加温し、この温度で26時間熟成した。HPLCは>99.9%が所望の産物に変換していることを示した。この混合物を15℃に冷却し、発熱を制御(15℃ないし28℃)するために、1時間かけて水(65L)を加え、反応を停止した。当該ピペリジン−O−ピリジンをMTBE(20mL/g、65L)で抽出した。有機層を2×10mL/gの10%LiCl(2×32L)で、次いで、2×10mL/gの半飽和NaCl溶液(2×32L)で洗浄した。MTBE層について測定したD−8のアッセイ収率は、2.16kg、79%であった。D−8のデータ:HRMS(M+H)=325.1922。
熱電対及び機械的攪拌機を装着した視覚的に清浄な50Lフラスコに、MTBE中のD−8(2.15kg、6.63mol)の溶液を容れ、MTBEをジクロロメタン(11.40L)と溶媒交換した。この混合物を氷/IPA浴で−2℃に冷却した。次いで、TFA(5.5L、71.4mol)をゆっくり加えた(40分以上;T℃=−1.9℃ないし5.5℃、最大5.5℃)。添加終了後、反応液を氷浴から取り出し、温水で室温まで加温した(5.7℃から開始、50分間)。反応は3.5時間以内に終了した。減圧下に濃縮し、得られる油を、100L抽出器中、NaOHの冷却攪拌溶液(3.0N、1.1当量、28L)に移し、30LのMTBEを加え、層分離した。有機層を30Lの2N−HClで洗い、再度、10Lの2N−HClで洗った。次いで、水層を冷却し(9℃)、pH13となるまで10N−NaOHを加えた(T°=21℃)。この溶液に25LのMTBEを加え、層分離した。最後に、水層を10LのMTBEで逆抽出した。定量的HPLCアッセイは、D−9の収率が98%、純度が>99.7%であることを示した;これを次の反応で使用する。D−9のデータ:LRMS(M+H)=225.1。
実施例E
機械的攪拌機、熱電対、及び水冷却コンデンサーを装着した視覚的に清浄な100Lフラスコに、MeOH(50L)を容れた。次いで、2−ヨード−5−メチル安息香酸(5.85kg、22.32mol)を攪拌下に加えた。次いで、濃硫酸(0.595L、11.16mol)を分割添加した;これにより温度が17℃から22℃に上昇した。この混合物の内部温度を徐々に64.6℃とし、一晩(〜18時間)熟成した。翌朝、HPLCによると反応は>98%変換に達していた。フラスコを氷浴に入れて16℃に冷却し、pHをモニターしながら10N−NaOH(850ml;0.98当量)をゆっくり(10分以上)と加えた。添加後、pHは5〜6となった(注意:pH9以上になると、後処理中に鹸化が起こり得る)。次いで、この溶液を約16Lまで濃縮し、この懸濁液を100Lの抽出器に移した。フラスコは8LのIPAcと4Lの水ですすぎ、これら洗浄液も抽出器に移した。IPAc32Lを10Lの5w%NaHCO3及び〜10Lの15w%食塩水と共に加えた。層分離し、水層を20LのIPAcで逆抽出した。次いで、有機層を併合し、10Lの15w%食塩水で洗浄した。有機層を集め、E−1(6.055kg、21.93mol、98%収率)を純度98.3%で得た。
機械的攪拌機及び熱電対を装着した視覚的に清浄な100L容器に、iPAc中、E−1(5.9kg、21.37mol)の溶液を容れた。この溶液を2−MeTHF(〜35L)と溶媒交換した。トリエチルアミン(8.94L、64.1mol)を加え、その溶液をN2で脱気した。脱気を維持しながら、この攪拌溶液にピナコールボラン(4.65L、32.1mol)をゆっくり(15分以上)と加えた。この溶液をさらに10分間脱気し、トリ−o−トリルホスフィン(0.325kg、1.069mol)を加え、さらに酢酸パラジウム(II)(0.120kg、0.534mol)を加えた。これにより反応液は直ちに黒化し、11.5℃から30℃にゆっくりと発熱した。この時点で、遅延した発熱が観察され、反応温度は60℃に上昇した(45分以上)。反応温度を77℃まで上昇させて、さらに45分間熟成させた。この時点で、反応液をHPLC分析すると、出発物質は完全に消費されていた。熱源を取り除き、フラスコの下に氷浴を置き、1.5時間以上、反応を冷却した。26w%塩化アンモニウム溶液を極めてゆっくりと加え、ガスの発生と発熱を制御した(60分以上);黒色沈殿が形成された。予め40Lの水を容れた抽出器にその上清を移した。残りの黒色スラリーはソルカフロックにて濾過し、MTBE(〜20L)で洗浄した。濾液を抽出器に容れた。層分離し、有機層をアッセイすると、E−2(4.45kg、16.11mol、75%収率)が純度81.6%であることが判明した;これをそのまま次工程で使用した。
機械的攪拌機及び熱電対を装着した視覚的に清浄な100Lの反応容器に、前反応からのE−2(4.38kg、15.84mol)の溶液を容れた。この混合物について、2−MeTHF(35L)と溶媒交換した。これに次いで2−クロロピリミジン(2.18kg、19.01mol)(吸熱、19から14℃)及び炭酸ナトリウム(5.04kg、47.5mol)を加えた。この攪拌懸濁液に水(11.67L)(発熱15〜24℃)を加えた。濃厚なスラリーをN2で40分間脱気し、その後、PdCl2(dppf)−CH2Cl2付加体(0.518kg、0.634mol)を加えた;これにより反応液が黒色となった。内部温度を74℃に設定し、16時間成熟させた。一部をHPLC分析用に取り出した;HPLCは出発ボロナートがほぼ完全に消費されていることを示した(>97%変換)。反応液を室温に冷やし、10分間攪拌を維持しながら、水12L及びMTBE24Lを加えた。この溶液をソルカフロックで濾過し、100Lの抽出器に移した。フラスコはMTBEと水の双方4L(×2)で、さらに4LのMTBEですすいだ。層分離し、水層を21.5LのMTBEで逆抽出した。有機層のアッセイは、ビアリールエステル(2.76kg、12.09mol、76%収率)の生成を示した。有機層を再度抽出器に容れ、1.26kgのダルコKB−Gを加え、その混合物を2時間攪拌して、ソルカフロックで濾過した。濾過ケーキを3×10LのMTBEで洗った。重金属を分析すると、427〜493ppmのPd及び882〜934ppmのFeが明らかとなった。アッセイ結果は2.381kgのE−3(66%総収率、DARCOからの回収率86%)であった。E−3のデータ:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,293K,TMS):8.78(d,J=4.87Hz,2H);7.97(d,J=7.93Hz,1H);7.51(s,1H);7.39(d,J=7.99Hz,1H);7.19(t,J=4.88Hz,1H);3.75(s,3H);2.44(s,3H)。
視覚的に清浄な100Lフラスコに、前工程からのE−3の溶液を、インライン・フィルター経由で導入し、濃縮し、2−MeTHF(〜15L)と溶媒交換した。この溶液に水(20L)を加え、次いで、10N−水酸化ナトリウム(2.60L,26.0mol)を加えた。添加後、反応液は赤色に変った;熱源を72℃に設定した。この混合物をこの温度で1.5時間熟成させた;HPLC分析によると、完全な変換が観察された。反応液を冷却し、50Lの抽出器に移した。フラスコを4Lの水と10LのMTBEですすぎ、これを抽出器中の攪拌混合物に加えた。層分離し、水層を10LのMTBEで2回洗った。次いで、水層をインライン・フィルター経由で酸性化用の反応容器(100L)に再導入した。冷却した混合物に2.3Lの12N−HClをゆっくり加えた;発熱して7℃から10℃となった。これによりベージュ色の沈殿が形成された(pH=1)。この沈殿を濾過した。ベージュ色の濾過ケーキを3mL/gの冷水で2回洗った。次いで、そのケーキを3mL/gの冷15%MTBE/ヘプタン及び15%PhMe/ヘプタンで洗った。最後に、これを1.5mL/gの室温MTBEで洗い、次いで室温3mL/gのヘプタンで2回洗った。次いで、この固体をN2気流下で2日間乾燥し、E−4を淡いベージュ色の粉末(2.15kg、10.04mol、97%収率)として得た。HPLCによる分析は生成物の純度が99.2%であることを示した。重金属を分析すると、264ppmのPd及び19.7ppmのFeが明らかとなった。E−4のデータ:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO−d6):12.65(s,1H);8.85−8.82(m,2H);7.78(dd,J=7.89,2.34Hz,1H);7.49−7.37(m,3H);2.40(s,3H)。
熱電対及び機械的攪拌機を装着した視覚的に清浄な乾燥50Lフラスコに、D−9(1kg、4.46mol)の溶液を容れ、DCM(11.00L)と溶媒交換した。DIPEA(2L、11.45mol)を加え、次いで、この攪拌溶液にE−4(1.22kg、5.67mol)を加えた。この溶液を氷浴にて冷却した(12℃)。この攪拌溶液に温度を<21℃に維持しながら、滴下漏斗からT3P(7.87L、13.38mol)を1時間かけて加えた。滴下終了と同時に、反応液が黄色になり、不均一となった。攪拌し易くするために、2LのDCMを加えた。反応液を44℃に加熱した(42℃でわずかに発熱し、温度を46.7℃に上昇させる;この温度を30分間維持する)。反応はこの温度で一晩熟成させる。17時間後、反応が完結していないため、変換を促進するためにT3P(1.1L、1.870mol)を加えた。翌日(42時間)、HPLCにより反応が完結していると思われたので、氷浴で4℃に冷却した。反応温度を17℃以下に保持しながら、水20Lを加えた(最初の1.5Lについてはゆっくりと、次いでやや速く)。この混合物を室温で30分間攪拌した。次いで、この混合物を、MTBE20Lを容れた50Lの抽出器に移した。フラスコはさらに2Lの水と4LのMTBEですすいだ。層分離し、有機層を20Lの1N−NaOHと、次いで10Lの1N−NaOHで洗った。最後に、有機層を10Lの15%食塩水で2回洗浄した。次いで有機フラクション(1.65kgで定量的HPLCアッセイ)を〜50w%のダルコKB(750g)で1.75時間処理し、ソルカフロックで濾過し、10mL/gのMTBE(1.559g、94.5%回収)ですすいだ。機械的攪拌機、熱電対、還流冷却器、及び窒素送入口を装着した視覚的に清浄な乾燥50LのRBFに、上記の粗生成物(E−5溶液及び使用するすべての溶媒は、1μmのインラインフィルターにより濾過した)を溶れた。反応混合物はIPAcと溶媒交換し、最終容量を7.5L(約4mL/gのIPAc)に調整した。反応混合物を75℃に加温し(すべて可溶)、ゆっくりと室温に冷やし、18gのE−5(IPAc/ヘプタン中の再抽出から得られた先端溶離物質)を45℃で播種し、一晩(16時間)室温で攪拌し、次いで、ヘプタン(6ml/g)を60分間かけて加えた。反応混合物を1時間熟成し、次いで5℃に冷却し、30分間攪拌した。次いで、この懸濁液をフィルターポットに移し、IPAC/ヘプタン(2×3mL/gの冷15%IPAc)及びヘプタン(5mL/g)ですすいだ。残渣のベージュ色の固体を窒素流下で18時間乾燥した(生成物は溶媒<0.3wt%に乾燥していることが判明した)。1.2kgのE−5が淡ベージュ色固体(99.4LCAP、>99.5%ee、>99.5%dr、Pdレベル:8ppm;及びKF:0.1)として単離した。E−5のデータ:HRMSm/z(M+H):実測値421.2067,要求値421.2035。
実施例F
DMF(3mL)中、250mg(1.12mmol)のA−7、299mg(1.12mmol)のF−1(5−ブロモ−2−ヨード安息香酸から出発して、A−8と類似の方法で調製)、182mg(1.34mmol)の1−ヒドロキシ−7−アザベンゾトリアゾール、及び0.47mL(3.34mmol)のトリエチルアミンからなる溶液に、321mg(1.67mmol)のEDCを加え、反応液を50℃で4時間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水及び食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥、回転蒸発により濃縮し、F−2をガムとして得た。F−2のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.64分;m/z(M+H)=実測値474.1;要求値474.1。
メタノール(15mL)及びDMSO(7.5ml)中、F−2(529mg;1.12mmol)、酢酸パラジウム(II)(25mg;0.11mmol)、1,3−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)−プロパン(46mg;0.11mmol)、及びトリエチルアミン(0.62mL;4.5mmol)からなる溶液に、80℃で10分間一酸化炭素を吹き込んだ。次いで、反応液を一酸化炭素の風船下に置き、80℃で一晩攪拌した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水と食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、F−3を灰白色固体として得た。F−3のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.30;m/z(M+H)=実測値454.1;要求値454.2。
15mLのMeOH/THF/H2O(1:1:1)中のF−3(95mg;0.21mmol)に、1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(0.84mL;0.84mmol)を加え、その混合物を50℃で3時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、濃縮して有機溶媒を除去し、EtOAcで希釈し、1M−NaOHで3回洗浄した。水層を1M−HClで酸性とし、DCMで3回洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥した。回転蒸発による濃縮の後、残渣をEt2O/ヘキサンに懸濁し、濃縮してF−4を白色固体として得た。F−4のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.02分;m/z(M+H)=実測値440.2;要求値440.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+H):実測値440.1744;要求値440.1729。
実施例G
THF(20mL)中のF−3(175mg;0.39mmol)に、2M水素化アルミニウムリチウム/THF溶液(1.89mL;3.78mmol)を0℃で加え、その混合物を3.5時間攪拌し、その間、室温に戻した。水(0.15ml)、15%NaOH水溶液(0.15ml)、及び水(0.45ml)を加えて反応を停止し、次いで、セライトのパッドで濾過した。回転蒸発により濃縮した後、残渣をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/EtOAc)により精製し、濃縮してEt2O/ヘキサンに懸濁し、再度濃縮してG−1を白色固体として得た。G−1のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.00分;m/z(M+H)=実測値426.2;要求値426.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+H)実測値426.1943;要求値426.1936。
実施例H
DMF(5mL)中、A−7(350mg;1.56mmol)、5−ブロモ−2−ヨード安息香酸(510mg;1.56mmol)、1−ヒドロキシ−7−アザベンゾトリアゾール(255mg;1.87mmol)、及びトリエチルアミン(0.65mL;4.68mmol)からなる溶液に、EDC(449mg;2.34mmol)を加え、この反応液を50℃で4時間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水と食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、回転蒸発により濃縮してH−1をガムとして得た。H−1のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.81分;m/z(M+H)=実測値533.0;要求値533.0。
DMF(3mL)中、H−1(230mg;0.43mmol)、2−トリブチルスタンニルピリミジン(207mg;0.56mmol)、CsF(131mg;0.86mmol)、及びCuI(8mg;0.04mmol)からなる懸濁液に、テトラキストリフェニルホスフィンパラジウム(0)(50mg;0.04mmol)を加え、その反応液をマイクロ波中、130℃で10分間加熱した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水と食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、H−2を黄色ガムとして得た。H−2のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.61分;m/z(M+H)=実測値485.1;要求値485.1。
メタノール(15mL)及びDMSO(7.5ml)中、H−2(500mg;1.03mmol)、酢酸パラジウム(II)(23.1mg;0.10mmol)、1,3−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)−プロパン(43mg;0.10mmol)、及びトリエチルアミン(0.57mL;4.1mmol)からなる溶液に、80℃で10分間一酸化炭素を吹き込んだ。次いで、反応液を一酸化炭素の風船下に置き、80℃で2.5時間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水と食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、H−3を灰白色固体として得た。H−3のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.30;m/z(M+H)=実測値465.2;要求値465.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+H)実測値465.1944;要求値465.1933。
MeOH/THF/H2O(各5mL)中、H−3(150mg;0.32mmol)に、1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(0.97mL;0.97mmol)を加え、その混合物を50℃で30分間攪拌した。反応液を1M−HClでpH=7に中和し、EtOAcで3回洗った。有機層を食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、回転蒸発により濃縮し、H−4を灰白色固体として得た。H−4のデータ:LC/MS:rt=1.91分;m/z(M+H)=実測値451.2;要求値451.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+H)実測値451.1761;要求値451.1776。
実施例I
DMF(60mL)中、3g(13.4mmol)のA−7、4.59mg(14.1mmol)の2−ブロモ−5−ヨード安息香酸、2.46g(16.1mmol)の1−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール一水和物、及び5.6mL(40.1mmol)のトリエチルアミンからなる溶液に、3.85g(20.1mmol)のEDCを加え、反応液を室温で18時間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水及び食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、I−1をガムとして得た。I−1のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.75分;m/z(M+H)=実測値532.9;要求値533.0。
DMF(35mL)中、I−1(6.85g;12.9mmol)、ビニルトリフルオロホウ酸カリウム(2.24g、16.7mmol)、及びK2CO3(5.33g;38.5mmol)からなる懸濁液に、PdCl2(dppf)(940mg;1.3mmol)を加え、この反応液に5分間アルゴンを通し、次いで85℃に4時間加熱した。反応液を室温で3日間攪拌し、次いで、EtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水及び食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、I−2をガムとして得た。I−2のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.80分;m/z(M+H)=実測値433.0;要求値433.1。
THF(50mL)及び水(20ml)中、I−2(4.2g;9.7mmol)及び過ヨウ素酸ナトリウム(5.7g;26.6mmol)の溶液に、2.5wt%四酸化オスミウム/tert−ブタノール溶液(1.42ml;0.11mmol)を加え、その反応液を室温で4時間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水及び食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥、回転蒸発により濃縮して、I−3をガムとして得た。I−3のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.38分;m/z(M+H)=実測値435.0;要求値435.1。
THF(50mL)中のI−3(3.94g;9.1mmol)の溶液に、2M水素化ホウ素リチウム/THF溶液(5.4ml;10.9mmol)を加え、反応液を室温で30分間攪拌した。飽和NH4Cl水溶液で反応を停止し、EtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水及び食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥、回転蒸発により濃縮して、I−4をガムとして得た。I−4のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.16分;m/z(M+H)=実測値437.0;要求値437.1。
ピリジン(50mL)中、I−4(3.87g;8.9mmol)及びDMAP(22mg;0.18mmol)の溶液に、無水酢酸(1.67ml;17.7mmol)を加え、反応液を室温で30分間攪拌した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水及び食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、I−5をガムとして得た。I−5のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.55分;m/z(M+H)=実測値479.0;要求値479.1。
DMF(3mL)中、I−5(134mg;0.28mmol)、2−トリブチルスタンニルピリミジン(310mg;0.84mmol)、CsF(170mg;1.12mmol)、及びCuI(16mg;0.08mmol)からなる懸濁液に、テトラキストリフェニルフェニルホスフィンパラジウム(0)(32mg;0.03mmol)を加え、その反応液をマイクロ波中、150℃で25分間加熱した。反応液をEtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水と食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc/ヘキサン)により精製し、I−6をガムとして得た。I−6のデータ:LC/MS:rt=2.26分;m/z(M+H)=実測値479.1;要求値、479.2。
MeOH/THF/H2O(各5mL)中のI−6(830mg;1.74mmol)に、1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(5.2mL;5.2mmol)を加え、その混合物を室温で3時間攪拌した。反応液を濃縮して有機溶媒を除き、次いで、EtOAcと飽和NaHCO3水に分配し、水と食塩水で洗い、MgSO4で乾燥し、回転蒸発により濃縮した。残渣をシリカゲル上のカラムクロマトグラフィー(CHCl3:EtOAc:MeOH/CHCl3)により精製し、回転蒸発により濃縮後、残渣をEt2O/ヘキサンに懸濁し、濃縮してI−7を白色固体として得た。I−7のデータ:LC/MS:rt=1.97分;m/z(M+H)=実測値437.1;要求値、437.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+H)実測値437.1966;要求値437.1983。
Claims (6)
- 2−{2−[((2R,5R)−5−{[(5−フルオロピリジン−2−イル)オキシ]メチル}−2−メチルピペリジン−1−イル)カルボニル]−4−メチルフェニル}ピリミジンである化合物、又はその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 2−{2−[((2R,5R)−5−{[(5−フルオロピリジン−2−イル)オキシ]メチル}−2−メチルピペリジン−1−イル)カルボニル]−4−メチルフェニル}ピリミジンである、請求項1記載の化合物。
- 薬学的に許容される塩の形態の、2−{2−[((2R,5R)−5−{[(5−フルオロピリジン−2−イル)オキシ]メチル}−2−メチルピペリジン−1−イル)カルボニル]−4−メチルフェニル}ピリミジンである、請求項1記載の化合物。
- 不活性担体及び請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含有してなる医薬組成物。
- 睡眠障害の治療又は予防のための医薬組成物であって、不活性担体及び請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含んでなる、該医薬組成物。
- 不眠症の治療又は予防のための医薬組成物であって、不活性担体及び請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含んでなる、該医薬組成物。
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JP2011520966A (ja) * | 2008-05-22 | 2011-07-21 | メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション | オレキシン受容体アンタゴニストの調製のための方法 |
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