JP4796564B2 - 磁気刺激のためのコイル及び磁気刺激装置 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、磁気刺激、特に経頭蓋磁気刺激のためのコイル、より詳しくは脳の深部領域を刺激することができる経頭蓋磁気刺激に関する。
電磁石はほとんどの生体組織において電場を誘導することができる。経頭蓋磁気刺激(TMS)は、運動機能、視覚、言語、および脳の障害を含むヒト脳の局面を研究するための研究ツールとして広く用いられている。さらに、特に精神科において磁気刺激装置を治療的に用いることが現在研究されている。
本発明は、磁気刺激のためのコイルに関する。コイルは、被験者の身体の外に配置してもよく、そのように配置した場合、その被験者の体内で電流を誘導するように操作することができる。磁気コイルは、経頭蓋磁気刺激(TMS)装置として用いてもよく、側坐核のような脳の深部領域を刺激することができる。
本明細書において、単数形「一つの(a)」、「一つの(an)」、および「それ(the)」は、本文がそうでないことを明らかに明記していない限り、複数形と共に単数形の双方を意味する。例えば、「一つのコイル」という用語には、単数または複数のコイルが含まれ、「少なくとも一つのコイル」という句と同等であると見なすことができる。
以下の実施例は、本発明の詳しい特徴を説明するために提供される。本発明の範囲は、これらの実施例によって示される特徴に制限されるべきでない。
コイルは、本発明に従って深部脳刺激のために設計した。
式中、μ0=4π*10-7 Tm/Aはフリースペースの透過性、Tはテスラ、mはメートル、およびAはアンペアである。dl'の積分は針金の長さに対してであり、dl'は針金の要素、r'は針金の要素の位置を示すベクトルである。
BA=▽×A(r) (2)
式中、▽は回転であり、および
式中、tは時間である。
Eφ=−▽φ
式中、▽は発散であり、φは表面静電荷電によって生じたスカラーポテンシャルである。
E=EA+Eφ (6)
表面の静電場(Eφ)は、一般的に誘導場(EA)に反対する。その結果、静電場(Eφ)の強度が増加すると、総電場(E)の強度が減少する。しかし、産生される表面荷電の量(したがって、Eφの程度)はコイルの方向に相関する。
本発明に従って作製された既知のコイルは、皮質または末梢神経を刺激することができるが、そのような既知コイルによって誘導された電場はコイルからの距離が増加するにつれて減少する。例えば、直径9.2 cmの円形の既知のコイルによって誘導された電場は、生理食塩液を満たした体積コンダクターを用いて測定した。コイルは体積の表面に対して平行に配置した(すなわち、コイルは、体積に対してそれを端部に置くよりむしろ、体積に対して可能な限り平坦に置く)。マカビー(Maccabee, P.J.)ら、Electroencephal. Clin. Neurophysiol. 76:131〜41(1990)を参照のこと。コイルから2.5 cmの距離で誘導された場は、コイルから0.5 cmの距離で誘導された場の60%未満であった。その上、コイルから4.0 cmの距離で誘導された場は、コイルから0.5 cmの距離で誘導された場の40%未満であった。同上。
実施例1および2と同様に、図8〜10に示すコイルの第二の態様を、脳の深部領域の刺激能に関して分析した。
Claims (31)
- 基部と拡張部とを含む、被験者の頭部の外部に配置して、頭部内に電流を誘導するために操作可能な電導性コイルであって、
該基部は、幅の軸、長さの軸、及び被験者の頭部に相補的に構成された第一の側面を有し、該基部内のコイルが、それぞれの内部を流れる電流が同じ方向となるように幅の軸に沿って方向付けられた複数の刺激要素であって、該コイルが頭上に配置され通電された時に、被験者の頭部内に深部刺激の領域を生成する、刺激要素を含み、
該拡張部は、基部の第一の側面とは反対の側面から外側に突出し、該複数の刺激要素内を流れる電流のための帰路を提供し、基部から外側に突出し、長さの軸に沿って距離をおいて少なくともいくつかの刺激要素から離れた位置で基部にカップリングする拡張要素を含む拡張部である、
電導性コイル。 - 拡張部の帰路が、複数の刺激要素内の電流の流れと反対の方向に電流を有するように構成される、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 拡張部内の少なくともいくつかの帰路が、基部において、各刺激要素から少なくとも5cm離れている、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 拡張部の少なくとも一部分の周りに配置される、拡張部において生成された磁場を阻害することが可能な遮へい物をさらに含む、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 複数の巻線を含む、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 拡張部が基部に対して中心からずれた位置に存在する、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 基部が柔軟なまたは展性である、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 複数の刺激要素が互いに離れている、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 少なくとも二つの拡張要素が互いに隣接して基部にカップリングする、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 拡張要素が互いに角度をつけて配置される、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 少なくともいくつかの拡張要素が、基部の直交方向から斜めになっている、請求項1記載の電導性コイル。
- 基部と拡張部とを含む、被験者の頭部の外部に配置して、頭部内に電流を誘導するために操作可能な磁気刺激装置であって、
該基部は、幅の軸、長さの軸、及び被験者の頭部に相補的に構成された第一の側面を有し、それぞれの内部を流れる電流が同じ方向となるように幅の軸に沿って方向付けられた複数の刺激要素であって、該磁気刺激装置が頭上に配置され通電された時に、被験者の頭部内に深部刺激の領域を生成する、刺激要素を含み、
該拡張部は、基部から外側に突出する拡張要素を含み、該刺激要素それぞれ一つのための個々の帰路を提供し、少なくともいくつかの該拡張要素が長さの軸に沿って距離をおいて各刺激要素から離れた位置で基部にカップリングする拡張部である、
磁気刺激装置。 - 拡張部の帰路が、複数の刺激要素内の電流の流れと反対の方向に電流を有するように構成される、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 拡張部内の少なくともいくつかの帰路が、基部において、これらの各刺激要素から少なくとも5cm離れている、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 拡張部の少なくとも一部分の周りに配置される、拡張部において生成された磁場を阻害することが可能な遮へい物をさらに含む、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 基部および拡張部分が、一つまたはそれ以上の巻線を含む一つまたはそれ以上の電導性コイルの一部である、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 拡張部が基部に対して中心からずれた位置に存在する、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 基部が柔軟なまたは展性である、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 複数の刺激要素が互いに離れている、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 少なくとも二つの拡張要素が互いに隣接して基部にカップリングする、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 拡張要素が互いに角度をつけて配置される、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 少なくともいくつかの拡張要素が、基部の直交方向から斜めになっている、請求項12記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 基部と基部の外側に突出した複数の拡張要素を含む拡張部とを含む電導性コイルを含む、
被験者の身体部分の外部に配置して、身体部分内に電流を誘導するために操作可能な磁気刺激装置であって、
該基部は、同じ方向に電流を伝えるように構成された複数の刺激要素を含み、
該拡張要素は、刺激要素内の電流のための、該刺激要素から離れた帰路を含み、かつ
該帰路内の電流によって身体部分に誘導される電気的作用は、磁気刺激装置が身体部分内で電流を誘導すべく作動される時に、該刺激要素内の電流によって身体部分に誘導される電気的作用より小さい、
磁気刺激装置。 - 基部が長さの軸と幅の軸とを有し、該基部内の刺激要素が、他の刺激要素から離れている、請求項23記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 少なくとも二つの拡張要素が互いに隣接して基部にカップリングする、請求項23記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 拡張要素が互いに角度をつけて配置される、請求項25記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 複数の拡張要素が少なくとも二つの群の複数の拡張要素を含み、同じ群の該拡張要素が互いに隣接して基部にカップリングされる、請求項23記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 拡張部を少なくとも部分的に封入する遮へい物をさらに含む、請求項23記載の磁気刺激装置。
- コイルに電気的に接続した電源をさらに含む、請求項23記載の磁気刺激装置。
- 基部が、被験者の頭蓋に相補的となるように形成された凹面の第一の側面を有する、請求項23記載の磁気刺激装置。
- コイルが脳の深部領域内で電場を誘導するための手段を含む、請求項23記載の磁気刺激装置。
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WO2002032504A3 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
EP1326681B1 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
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