JP2018519794A - 殺菌されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品を調製する方法 - Google Patents
殺菌されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品を調製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018519794A JP2018519794A JP2017554594A JP2017554594A JP2018519794A JP 2018519794 A JP2018519794 A JP 2018519794A JP 2017554594 A JP2017554594 A JP 2017554594A JP 2017554594 A JP2017554594 A JP 2017554594A JP 2018519794 A JP2018519794 A JP 2018519794A
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
Description
(1)ドライタイプまたは低含水率製品(通常は、15%未満)。これらの製品は、通常は、高い栄養素含有量と利便性を併せ持つ;
(2)ウェットタイプまたは高含水率製品(約50%超)。これらの製品は、一般に、ペットにとって最も美味しく感じられる;
(3)セミモイストまたはセミドライまたはソフトドライタイプもしくは中間または中程度の含水率の製品(一般に、15%と50%の間)。
・乳化脂肪、全血、および還元糖の水性反応混合物を調製する工程、および
・その反応混合物を固化させ、ざらつきのあるレバー状材料を生成するのに効果的な時間に亘り効果的な温度でその混合物を加熱する工程、
を有してなるプロセスが記載されている。その実施例に、獣脂、水、乾血、ブドウ糖および酵母エキスを含む混合物からのレバー状ペットフードの調製が記載されている。
a)(i)どのような添加リパーゼもない状態で、タンパク質材料および脂肪質を含む物質を少なくとも1種類のプロテアーゼと反応させ、(ii)そのプロテアーゼを熱不活性化し、得られた消化生成物を濾過すること、により得られる第一段階の反応生成物を提供する工程、
b)必要に応じて脂肪を添加する工程、
c)その第一段階の反応生成物を乳化する工程、
d)第二段階の反応生成物を得るように、どのような添加プロテアーゼもない状態で、そのエマルションを少なくとも1種類のリパーゼと反応させる工程、および
e)その第二段階の反応生成物に少なくとも1種類の還元糖および少なくとも1種類の窒素化合物を添加し、得られた混合物を加熱する工程、
を有してなる方法が記載されている。
・動物性タンパク質および植物性タンパク質からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類のタンパク質、
・動物性脂肪および油並びに植物性脂肪および油からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の脂肪または油、
・脱脂ゴマ、および
・肉エキス、魚エキス、内臓エキス、酵母エキス、加工乳およびその加水分解物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の美味しさ向上剤、
を含むペットフードが記載されている。
a)含水率が少なくとも40質量%である肉塊を、以下の成分:
・肉塊の30〜95質量%の、肉、動物副産物およびそれらの組合せから選択される粉砕動物性材料、
・肉塊の1〜40質量%の熱凝結性結合剤、および
・肉塊の0〜60質量%の1種類以上の他のペットフード成分、
を混合することによって、調製する工程、
b)その肉塊を少なくとも70℃の温度に加熱してその結合剤を熱凝結させ、その加熱された肉塊を再構成肉片に成形する工程、
c)その再構成肉片を、必要に応じて1種類以上の他のペットフード成分と共に、パッケージに導入し、そのパッケージを封止して、包装されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品を製造する工程、および
d)そのパッケージ内の製品を少なくとも80℃の温度に加熱することによって、包装されたペットフード製品を殺菌する工程、
を有してなり、さらに、(i)殺菌前に、そのペットフード製品の0.1〜3質量%の総量の酵母エキスを添加する工程、および(ii)殺菌前に、そのペットフード製品の0.01〜5質量%の総量のメイラード成分を添加する工程を含み、そのメイラード成分は、カルボニル源、メイラード反応風味およびそれらの組合せから選択され、そのカルボニル源が、メイラード反応を行うことができるカルボニル化合物を乾燥物質で少なくとも10質量%含有するものである、方法が提供される。
a)含水率が少なくとも40質量%である肉塊を、以下の成分:
・肉塊の30〜95質量%の、肉、動物副産物およびそれらの組合せから選択される粉砕動物性材料、
・肉塊の1〜40質量%の熱凝結性結合剤、および
・肉塊の0〜60質量%の1種類以上の他のペットフード成分、
を混合することによって、調製する工程、
b)その肉塊を少なくとも70℃の温度に加熱してその結合剤を熱凝結させ、その加熱された肉塊を再構成肉片に成形する工程、
c)その再構成肉片を、必要に応じて1種類以上の他のペットフード成分と共に、パッケージに導入し、そのパッケージを封止して、包装されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品を製造する工程、および
d)そのパッケージ内の製品を少なくとも80℃の温度に加熱することによって、包装されたペットフード製品を殺菌する工程、
を有してなり、さらに、(i)殺菌前に、そのペットフード製品の0.1〜3質量%の総量の酵母エキスを添加する工程、および(ii)殺菌前に、そのペットフード製品の0.01〜5質量%の総量のメイラード成分を添加する工程を含み、そのメイラード成分は、カルボニル源、メイラード反応風味およびそれらの組合せからなる群より選択され、そのカルボニル源が、メイラード反応を行うことができるカルボニル化合物を乾燥物質で少なくとも10質量%含有するものである、方法が提供される。
・ヒトの摂取に適しているが、商業的理由のためにヒトの摂取を目的としていない屠殺動物の一部、
・ヒトの摂取に適していないと拒絶されるが、伝染性疾患のどのような兆候にも影響されていない屠殺動物の一部、
・屠殺場で屠殺され、ヒトの摂取に適していると認定された、動物に由来する皮と皮膚、蹄と角、豚毛と羽毛、
・ヒトの摂取に適していると認定された動物から得られた血液、
・脱脂された骨と脂かすを含む、ヒトの摂取を目的とした製品の製造に由来する動物副産物、
・商業的理由のために、もしくは製造または包装欠陥の問題のために、もはやヒトの摂取を目的としない動物起源のかつての食品、
・伝染性疾患のどのような兆候も示さない動物に由来する生乳、
・魚粉製造の目的のために外海で捕獲された、海洋哺乳類を除く、魚類または他の海洋動物、およびヒトの摂取用の魚加工品を製造するプラントからの魚の新鮮な副産物、
・伝染性疾患のどのような兆候も示さない動物に由来する卵の殻、および
・健康な動物に由来する血液、皮と皮膚、蹄、羽毛、羊毛、角、毛、および毛皮。
・少なくとも20μg/kg、好ましくは少なくとも100μg/kgの、2,3,5−トリメチルピラジン、2−エチル−3,5−ジメチルピラジン、2,3−ジエチル−5−メチルピラジンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換ピラジン、
・少なくとも10mg/kg、好ましくは少なくとも50mg/kgの、2−アセチルチアゾール、2−メチルチアゾール、4−メチルチアゾールおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換チアゾール、
・少なくとも5mg/kg、好ましくは少なくとも25mg/kgの、メチオナール、2−メチルブタナール、3−メチルブタナールおよびそれらの組合せから選択されるストレッカーアルデヒド、
・少なくとも30mg/kg、好ましくは少なくとも150mg/kgの、4−ヒドロキシ−2,5−ジメチル−3(2H)−フラノン、4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチル−3(2H)−フラノン、3−ヒドロキシ−4,5−ジメチルフラン−2(5H)−オンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換フランおよびフラノン、および
・少なくとも10μg/kg、好ましくは少なくとも50μg/kgの2−フルフリルチオール。
・肉塊を乳化して、肉エマルションを形成する工程、
・肉エマルションの層を形成する工程、
・肉エマルションの層を70〜105℃の温度に加熱して、熱凝結性結合剤を凝結させる工程、および
・熱凝結した層を個別の再構成肉片に切断または寸断する工程、
を含む低温熱凝結過程により製造される。
・肉塊の50〜90質量%の、肉、動物副産物およびそれらの組合せから選択される粉砕動物性材料、
・肉塊の1〜15質量%の熱凝結性結合剤、および
・肉塊の0〜40質量%の1種類以上の他のペットフード成分、
を混合することによって調製されることが好ましい。
・肉塊を、以下の成分:
○肉塊の30〜80質量%の、肉、動物副産物およびそれらの組合せから選択される粉砕動物性材料、
○肉塊の15〜40質量%の、穀物のタンパク質、大豆タンパク質およびそれらの組合せから選択される熱凝結性植物性タンパク質(=熱凝結性結合剤)、および
○肉塊の0〜40質量%の1種類以上の他のペットフード成分、
を混合することによって、調製する工程、
・その肉塊を0.1〜5分間に亘り少なくとも110℃の温度に加熱して、非動物性タンパク質を凝固させる工程、および
・加熱された肉塊を再構成肉片に成形する工程、
を有してなる過程によって、製造される。
・少なくとも2μg/kgの、2,3,5−トリメチルピラジン、2−エチル−3,5−ジメチルピラジン、2,3−ジエチル−5−メチルピラジンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換ピラジン、
・少なくとも1.7mg/kgの、2−アセチルチアゾール、2−メチルチアゾール、4−メチルチアゾールおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換チアゾール、
・少なくとも0.45mg/kgの、メチオナール、2−メチルブタナール、3−メチルブタナールおよびそれらの組合せから選択されるストレッカーアルデヒド、
・少なくとも1.5mg/kgの、4−ヒドロキシ−2,5−ジメチル−3(2H)−フラノン、4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチル−3(2H)−フラノン、3−ヒドロキシ−4,5−ジメチルフラン−2(5H)−オンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換フランおよびフラノン、および
・少なくとも0.6μg/kgの2−フルフリルチオール。
表1に示されたレシピに基づいて、ウェットタイプのキャットフード製品用の再構成肉片を調製した。
実施例1の2種類のウェットタイプのキャットフード製品(製品1および対照1)に、給餌試験を行った。「トゥー・ボウル試験(two-bowl test)」または「対照試験(versus test)」と呼ばれるこれらの給餌試験において、2つの製品をネコの群に同時に提示した。2つのボウルの各々に、同量の製品を提供した。給餌試験において、ネコを、2つの製品に2回露出した。どのような偏りも避けるために、二回目の露出において、2つのボウルの位置を交換した。一回の食餌露出の後に、食べられた量を測定した。観測した差の統計的有意性を決定するために、データに統計的分析(分散分析)を行った。給餌試験の結果が表6に纏められている。
ウェットタイプのキャットフード製品の再構成肉片を、表7に示されたレシピに基づいて調製した。
実施例3の2種類のウェットタイプのキャットフード製品(製品2および対照2)に、給餌試験を行った。「トゥー・ボウル試験」または「対照試験」と呼ばれるこれらの給餌試験において、2つの製品をネコの群に同時に提示した。2つのボウルの各々に、同量の製品を提供した。給餌試験において、ネコを、2つの製品に2回露出した。どのような偏りも避けるために、二回目の露出において、2つのボウルの位置を交換した。一回の食餌露出の後に、食べられた量を測定した。観測した差の統計的有意性を決定するために、データに統計的分析(分散分析)を行った。給餌試験の結果が表11に纏められている。
実施例3に記載された過程を使用して、再構成肉片およびソース成分からなる2種類のウェットタイプのキャットフード製品(対照3および製品3)を調製した。
Claims (18)
- 殺菌されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品を調製する方法であって、
a)含水率が少なくとも40質量%である肉塊を、以下の成分:
・該肉塊の30〜95質量%の、肉、動物副産物およびそれらの組合せから選択される粉砕動物性材料、
・該肉塊の1〜40質量%の熱凝結性結合剤、および
・該肉塊の0〜60質量%の1種類以上の他のペットフード成分、
を混合することによって、調製する工程、
b)前記肉塊を少なくとも70℃の温度に加熱して前記結合剤を熱凝結させ、その加熱された肉塊を再構成肉片に成形する工程、
c)前記再構成肉片を、必要に応じて1種類以上の他のペットフード成分と共に、パッケージに導入し、該パッケージを封止して、包装されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品を製造する工程、および
d)前記パッケージ内の製品を少なくとも80℃の温度に加熱することによって、前記包装されたペットフード製品を殺菌する工程、
を有してなり、さらに、(i)殺菌前に、前記ウェットタイプのペットフード製品の0.1〜3質量%の総量の酵母エキスを添加する工程、および(ii)殺菌前に、前記ウェットタイプのペットフード製品の0.01〜5質量%の総量のメイラード成分を添加する工程を含み、該メイラード成分が、カルボニル源、プロセス風味およびそれらの組合せから選択され、該カルボニル源が、メイラード反応を行うことができるカルボニル化合物を乾燥物質で少なくとも10質量%含有するものである、方法。 - 前記熱凝結性結合剤が、血漿、卵白、セルロースエーテル、穀物のタンパク質、大豆タンパク質、デンプンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記カルボニル化合物が、単糖類、二糖類、ウロン酸およびそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記カルボニル化合物が、キシロース、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、ラムノース、乳糖、マルトースおよびそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記カルボニル化合物が、前記ウェットタイプのペットフード製品の0.02〜2.5質量%の総量で添加される、請求項1から4いずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記メイラード成分が、
・少なくとも20μg/kgの、2,3,5−トリメチルピラジン、2−エチル−3,5−ジメチルピラジン、2,3−ジエチル−5−メチルピラジンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換ピラジン、
・少なくとも10mg/kgの、2−アセチルチアゾール、2−メチルチアゾール、4−メチルチアゾールおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換チアゾール、
・少なくとも5mg/kgの、メチオナール、2−メチルブタナール、3−メチルブタナールおよびそれらの組合せから選択されるストレッカーアルデヒド、
・少なくとも30mg/kgの、4−ヒドロキシ−2,5−ジメチル−3(2H)−フラノン、4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチル−3(2H)−フラノン、3−ヒドロキシ−4,5−ジメチルフラン−2(5H)−オンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換フランおよびフラノン、または
・少なくとも10μg/kgの2−フルフリルチオール、
の1種類以上を含む、請求項1から5いずれか1項記載の方法。 - 前記殺菌工程の前に、前記包装されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品が、タンパク質を構成するアミノ酸、ヒドロキシプロリン、シスチン、オルニチンおよびそれらの組合せから選択されるアミノ化合物を0.01〜2質量%で含有する、請求項1から6いずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ペットフード製品の少なくとも0.01質量%の総量を提供するのに十分な量で前記アミノ化合物の供給源を添加する工程をさらに含み、該アミノ化合物の供給源は、乾燥物質の質量で少なくとも5%のアミノ化合物を含有する、請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記アミノ化合物が、システイン、シスチン、メチオニン、プロリン、ロイシン、フェニルアラニン、グルタミン酸およびそれらの組合せから選択されるアミノ酸である、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記再構成肉片が、前記パッケージの密封前に、ソースと組み合わされ、該ソースが少なくとも0.02質量%の前記メイラード成分、好ましくは少なくとも0.02質量%の前記カルボニル化合物を含有する、請求項1から9いずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記再構成肉片が、前記パッケージの密封前に、ソースと組み合わされ、該ソースが少なくとも0.02質量%の前記アミノ化合物を含有する、請求項1から10いずれか1項記載の方法。
- タウリンが、前記ウェットタイプのペットフード製品の0.1〜1質量%の濃度で該ウェットタイプのペットフード製品に添加される、請求項1から11いずれか1項記載の方法。
- 請求項1から12いずれか1項記載の方法により得られる殺菌されたウェットタイプのペットフード製品。
- 前記メイラード成分が、
・少なくとも2μg/kgの、2,3,5−トリメチルピラジン、2−エチル−3,5−ジメチルピラジン、2,3−ジエチル−5−メチルピラジンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換ピラジン、
・少なくとも1.7mg/kgの、2−アセチルチアゾール、2−メチルチアゾール、4−メチルチアゾールおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換チアゾール、
・少なくとも0.45mg/kgの、メチオナール、2−メチルブタナール、3−メチルブタナールおよびそれらの組合せから選択されるストレッカーアルデヒド、
・少なくとも1.5mg/kgの、4−ヒドロキシ−2,5−ジメチル−3(2H)−フラノン、4−ヒドロキシ−5−メチル−3(2H)−フラノン、3−ヒドロキシ−4,5−ジメチルフラン−2(5H)−オンおよびそれらの組合せから選択される置換フランおよびフラノン、または
・少なくとも0.6μg/kgの2−フルフリルチオール、
の1種類以上を含む、請求項13記載のウェットタイプのペットフード製品。 - コンパニオン・アニマルに給餌するための、請求項13または14記載のウェットタイプのペットフード製品の使用。
- 前記酵母エキスが、サッカロマイセス属、ピチア属、クルイベロマイセス属、ハンゼヌラ属、カンジダ属からなる群より選択される2種類以上の酵母からのエキスである、請求項13記載のウェットタイプのペットフード製品。
- 前記酵母エキスが、サッカロマイセス属および少なくとも1種類の他の酵母からのものである、請求項16記載のウェットタイプのペットフード製品。
- 前記酵母エキスがサッカロマイセス・セレビシエのエキスである、請求項13記載のウェットタイプのペットフード製品。
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EP3288394A4 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
RU2017141137A3 (ja) | 2019-05-28 |
BR112017023059A2 (pt) | 2018-07-03 |
WO2016176466A9 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
BR112017023059B1 (pt) | 2022-07-05 |
CA2982836A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
AU2016255437B2 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
CN107529789A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
MX2017013715A (es) | 2018-03-02 |
US20180295862A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
US11388914B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
WO2016176466A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
RU2017141137A (ru) | 2019-05-28 |
HK1252126A1 (zh) | 2019-05-17 |
RU2749423C2 (ru) | 2021-06-10 |
AU2016255437A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
EP3288394A1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
US20220338507A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
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