JP2017538710A - Bcmaキメラ抗原受容体 - Google Patents
Bcmaキメラ抗原受容体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017538710A JP2017538710A JP2017531301A JP2017531301A JP2017538710A JP 2017538710 A JP2017538710 A JP 2017538710A JP 2017531301 A JP2017531301 A JP 2017531301A JP 2017531301 A JP2017531301 A JP 2017531301A JP 2017538710 A JP2017538710 A JP 2017538710A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、35 U.S.C.§119(e)のもと、2015年8月3日に出願された米国仮出願第62/200,505号及び2014年12月12日に出願された米国仮出願第62/091,419号の利益を主張し、その各々は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願に関連する配列表は、ハードコピーの代わりにテキスト形式で提供され、本明細書において参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。配列表を含むテキストファイルの名称はBLBD_043_02WO_ST25.txtである。テキストファイルは27KBであり、2015年12月4日に作成され、本明細書の出願と同時に、EFS−Webを介して電子的に提出される。
背景
配列番号1〜3は、本明細書において想定されるBCMA CARの例示的な軽鎖CDR配列のアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号4〜6は、本明細書において想定されるBCMA CARの例示的な重鎖CDR配列のアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号7は、本明細書において想定されるBCMA CARの例示的な軽鎖配列のアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号8は、本明細書において想定されるBCMA CARの例示的な重鎖配列のアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号9は、本明細書において想定される例示的なBCMA CARのアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号10は、本明細書において想定される例示的なBCMA CARをコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を記載する。
配列番号11は、ヒトBCMAのアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号12〜22は、様々なリンカーのアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号23〜35は、プロテアーゼ切断部位及び自己切断型ポリペプチド切断部位のアミノ酸配列を記載する。
配列番号36は、BCMA CARをコードするベクターのポリヌクレオチド配列を記載する。
本発明は概して、B細胞関連状態を治療するための、改善された組成物及び方法に関する。本明細書で使用される場合、「B細胞関連状態」という用語は、不適切なB細胞活性及びB細胞悪性腫瘍に関係する状態に関する。
別様に定義されない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術及び科学用語は、本発明が属する当業者によって通常理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。本明細書に記載されるものと類似する、または等価の任意の方法及び材料が本発明の実施または試験に使用され得るが、組成物、方法、及び材料の好ましい実施形態が本明細書において記載される。本発明の目的のため、次の用語が以下に定義される。
様々な実施形態では、免疫エフェクター細胞の細胞傷害性をB細胞に再指向する遺伝子操作された受容体が提供される。これらの遺伝子操作された受容体は、本明細書において、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)と称される。CARは、特定の抗BCMA細胞免疫活性を呈するキメラタンパク質を生成するために、所望の抗原(例えば、BCMA)に対する抗体ベースの特異性をT細胞受容体活性化細胞内ドメインと組み合わせる分子である。本明細書で使用される場合、「キメラ」という用語は、異なる起源からの異なるタンパク質またはDNAの一部で構成されることを説明する。
特定の実施形態では、本明細書において想定されるCARは、B細胞上に発現されたヒトBCMAポリペプチドに特異的に結合するマウス抗BCMA抗体またはその抗原結合断片を含む、細胞外結合ドメインを含む。本明細書で使用される場合、「結合ドメイン」、「細胞外ドメイン」、「細胞外結合ドメイン」、「抗原特異的結合ドメイン」、及び「細胞外抗原特異的結合ドメイン」という用語は、交換可能に使用され、対象の標的抗原、例えば、BCMAに特異的に結合する能力を有するCARを提供する。結合ドメインは、天然、合成、半合成、または組換え源のいずれかに由来し得る。
ある特定の実施形態では、本明細書において想定されるCARは、様々なドメイン間に、例えば、分子の適切な間隔及び立体構造のために付加されたリンカー残基を含み得る。特定の実施形態では、リンカーは、可変領域連結配列である。「可変領域連結配列」は、得られるポリペプチドが、同じ軽鎖及び重鎖可変領域を含む抗体と同じ標的分子に対して特異的結合親和性を保持するように、VH及びVLドメインを接続し、2つのサブ結合ドメインの相互作用と適合性のあるスペーサー機能を提供するアミノ酸配列である。本明細書において想定されるCARは、1、2、3、4、または5つ以上のリンカーを含み得る。特定の実施形態では、リンカーの長さは、約1〜約25個のアミノ酸、約5〜約20個のアミノ酸、もしくは約10〜約20個のアミノ酸、または任意の介在長さのアミノ酸である。いくつかの実施形態では、リンカーは、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25個以上のアミノ酸長である。
特定の実施形態では、CARの結合ドメインは、適切な細胞/細胞接触、抗原結合、及び活性化を可能にするためにエフェクター細胞表面から離れて抗原結合ドメインを移動する領域を指す、1つ以上の「スペーサードメイン」が後に続く(Patel et al.,Gene Therapy,1999;6:412−419)。ヒンジドメインは、天然、合成、半合成、または組換え源のいずれかに由来し得る。ある特定の実施形態では、スペーサードメインは、1つ以上の重鎖定常領域、例えば、CH2及びCH3を含むがこれらに限定されない、免疫グロブリンの一部である。スペーサードメインは、天然に生じる免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域または変更された免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域のアミノ酸配列を含み得る。
CARの結合ドメインには一般に、適切な細胞/細胞接触、抗原結合、及び活性化を可能にするためにエフェクター細胞表面から離れて抗原結合ドメインを位置付ける機能を果たす、1つ以上の「ヒンジドメイン」が後に続く。CARは一般に、結合ドメインと膜貫通ドメイン(TM)との間に1つ以上のヒンジドメインを含む。ヒンジドメインは、天然、合成、半合成、または組換え源のいずれかに由来し得る。ヒンジドメインは、天然に生じる免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域または変更された免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域のアミノ酸配列を含み得る。
「膜貫通ドメイン」は、細胞外結合部分及び細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを融合し、CARを免疫エフェクター細胞の形質膜に固着させるCARの一部である。TMドメインは、天然、合成、半合成、または組換え源のいずれかに由来し得る。TMドメインは、T細胞受容体のアルファ、ベータ、またはゼータ鎖CD3ε、CD3ζ、CD4、CD5、CD8α、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD27、CD28、CD33、CD37、CD45、CD64、CD80、CD86、CD134、CD137、CD152、CD154、及びPD1に由来し得る(すなわち、これらの少なくとも膜貫通領域(複数可)を含む)。特定の実施形態では、TMドメインは合成であり、圧倒的に、ロイシン及びバリンなどの疎水性残基を含む。
特定の実施形態では、本明細書において想定されるCARは、細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含む。「細胞内シグナル伝達ドメイン」は、エフェクター細胞機能、例えば、活性化、サイトカイン産生、増殖、及び細胞傷害性活性(CAR結合標的細胞への細胞傷害性因子の放出または細胞外CARドメインに結合する抗原により引き起こされた他の細胞応答を含む)を引き起こすために、ヒトBCMAポリペプチドに結合する有効なBCMA CARのメッセージを、免疫エフェクター細胞の内部に伝達する際に関与するCARの一部を指す。
本発明は、一部、CARポリペプチド及びその断片、ならびにそれを含む細胞及び組成物、ならびにポリペプチドを発現するベクターを想定する。好ましい実施形態では、配列番号9に記載される、1つ以上のCARを含むポリペプチドが提供される。
好ましい実施形態では、1つ以上のCARポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド、例えば、配列番号10が提供される。本明細書で使用される場合、「ポリヌクレオチド」または「核酸」という用語は、メッセンジャーRNA(mRNA)、RNA、ゲノムRNA(gRNA)、+鎖RNA(RNA(+))、−鎖RNA(RNA(−))、ゲノムDNA(gDNA)、相補DNA(cDNA)、または組換えDNAを指す。ポリヌクレオチドは、1本鎖及び2本鎖ポリヌクレオチドを含む。好ましくは、本発明のポリヌクレオチドは、典型的には、バリアントが参照配列の少なくとも1つの生物学的活性を維持する、本明細書に記載される参照配列のいずれか(例えば、配列表を参照されたい)に対して少なくとも約50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%または100%の配列同一性を有するポリヌクレオチドまたはバリアントを含む。様々な例示的な実施形態では、本発明は、一部、発現ベクター、ウイルスベクター、及び伝達性プラスミドを含むポリヌクレオチド、ならびにそれを含む組成物及び細胞を想定する。
特定の実施形態では、細胞(例えば、免疫エフェクター細胞)は、CARをコードするレトロウイルスベクター、例えば、レンチウイルスベクターで形質導入される。例えば、免疫エフェクター細胞は、CD3ζ、CD28、4−1BB、Ox40、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせの細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを有する、BCMAポリペプチドに結合するマウス抗BCMA抗体またはその抗原結合断片を含むCARをコードするベクターで形質導入される。よって、これらの形質導入された細胞は、CAR媒介細胞傷害性応答を引き起こすことができる。
本発明は、特定の実施形態では、B細胞関連状態の治療において使用するための、本明細書において想定されるCARを発現するように遺伝子改変された細胞を想定する。本明細書で使用される場合、「遺伝子操作された」または「遺伝子改変された」という用語は、DNAまたはRNAの形態の余分な遺伝材料を細胞の総遺伝材料内に付加することを指す。「遺伝子改変細胞」、「改変細胞」、及び「再指向された細胞」という用語は、交換可能に使用される。本明細書で使用される場合、「遺伝子療法」という用語は、DNAまたはRNAの形態の余分な遺伝材料を、遺伝子の発現を回復、修正、もしくは改変する、または治療用ポリペプチド、例えば、CARを発現する目的のために、細胞の総遺伝材料内に導入することを指す。
本明細書において想定される方法により製造されたT細胞は、改善された養子免疫療法組成物を提供する。いずれの特定の理論に拘束されるものではないが、本明細書において想定される方法により製造されたT細胞組成物は、生存率の増加、分化が比較的少ない増幅、及びインビボでの持続性を含む、優れた性質を有していると考えられる。一実施形態では、T細胞を製造する方法は、細胞を、PI3K細胞シグナル伝達経路を調節する1つ以上の薬剤と接触させることを含む。一実施形態では、T細胞を製造する方法は、細胞を、PI3K/Akt/mTOR細胞シグナル伝達経路を調節する1つ以上の薬剤と接触させることを含む。様々な実施形態では、T細胞は、任意の供給源から得られ、製造プロセスの活性化及び/または増幅段階中に薬剤と接触させられ得る。得られるT細胞組成物は、バイオマーカー:CD62L、CCR7、CD28、CD27、CD122、CD127、CD197、及びCD38のうちの1つ以上を増殖及び発現する能力を有する発達的に強力なT細胞において濃縮される。一実施形態では、1つ以上のPI3K阻害剤で処理されたT細胞を含む細胞集団は、バイオマーカー:CD62L、CD127、CD197、及びCD38のうちの1つ以上または全てを同時発現するCD8+T細胞集団に関して濃縮される。
本発明は、改善されたCAR T細胞組成物の製造を想定する。CAR T細胞産生に使用されるT細胞は、自家/自源性(「自己」)または非自家(「非自己」、例えば、同種、同系、または異種)であり得る。好ましい実施形態では、T細胞は、哺乳類対象から得られる。より好ましい実施形態では、T細胞は、霊長類対象から得られる。最も好ましい実施形態では、T細胞は、ヒト対象から得られる。
T細胞組成物の十分な治療量を達成するために、T細胞は、多くの場合、1回以上の刺激、活性化、及び/または増幅を受ける。T細胞は、一般的に、例えば、米国特許第6,352,694号、第6,534,055号、第6,905,680号、第6,692,964号、第5,858,358号、第6,887,466号、第6,905,681号、第7,144,575号、第7,067,318号、第7,172,869号、第7,232,566号、第7,175,843号、第5,883,223号、第6,905,874号、第6,797,514号、及び第6,867,041号(それらの各々は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)に記載される方法を使用して、活性化及び増幅され得る。抗BCMA CARを発現するために改変されたT細胞は、T細胞が改変される前及び/または改変された後に、活性化及び増幅され得る。加えて、T細胞は、活性化及び/または増幅の前、その間、及び/またはその後にPI3K細胞シグナル伝達経路を調節する1つ以上の薬剤と接触させられ得る。一実施形態では、本明細書において想定される方法により製造されたT細胞は、1、2、3、4、5回以上の活性化及び増幅を受け、それらの各々は、PI3K細胞シグナル伝達経路を調節する1つ以上の薬剤を含み得る。
様々な実施形態では、細胞のPI3K経路を調節する薬剤とT細胞を接触させることを含む、未分化または発達的に強力なT細胞を増幅するT細胞を製造するための方法が提供される。様々な実施形態では、細胞のPI3K/AKT/mTOR経路を調節する薬剤とT細胞を接触させることを含む、未分化または発達的に強力なT細胞を増幅するT細胞を製造するための方法が提供される。細胞は、活性化及び増幅の前、その間、及び/またはその後に接触させることができる。T細胞組成物は、それらが分化を実質的に増加させずに複数回増幅を受けることができるように、十分なT細胞効力を維持する。
ラパマイシン経路のホスファチジル−イノシトール−3キナーゼ/Akt/哺乳類標的は、細胞増殖、分化、代謝、及び生存を伴う成長因子質シグナル伝達を組み込むための導管として機能する。PI3Kは、高度に保存された細胞内脂質キナーゼのファミリーである。クラスIAのPI3Kは、直接またはアダプター分子のインスリン受容体基質ファミリーとの相互作用を通してのいずれかで、成長因子受容体チロシンキナーゼ(RTK)により活性化される。この活性は、セリン/スレオニンキナーゼAktの制御因子であるホスファチジル−イノシトール−3,4,5−トリホスペート(trisphospate)(PIP3)の産生をもたらす。mTORは、各々、明確な活性を付与する異なる結合パートナーを特徴とする2つの明確な複合体を介して標準PI3K経路を通して作用する。mTORC1(PRAS40、猛禽類、及びmLST8/GbLとの複合体におけるmTOR)は、PI3K/Aktシグナル伝達の下流エフェクターとして作用し、成長因子シグナルを、タンパク質翻訳、細胞成長、増殖、及び生存と関連付ける。mTORC2(rictor、mSIN1、protor、及びmLST8との複合体におけるmTOR)は、Aktの上流活性化因子として作用する。
本明細書で使用される場合、「PI3K阻害剤」という用語は、PI3Kの少なくとも1つの活性に結合し、それを阻害する核酸、ペプチド、化合物、または小有機分子を指す。PI3Kタンパク質は、クラス1のPI3K、クラス2のPI3K、及びクラス3のPI3Kの3つのクラスに分けることができる。クラス1のPI3Kは、4つのp110触媒サブ単位(p110α、p110β、p110δ、及びp110γ)のうちの1つ、ならびに調節サブ単位の2つのファミリーのうちの1つからなるヘテロ二量体として存在する。本発明のPI3K阻害剤は、好ましくは、クラス1のPI3K阻害剤を標的とする。一実施形態では、PI3K阻害剤は、クラス1のPI3K阻害剤の1つ以上のアイソフォームに選択性を示す(すなわち、p110α、p110β、p110δ、及びp110γ、またはp110α、p110β、p110δ、及びp110γのうちの1つ以上に対する選択性)。別の態様では、PI3K阻害剤は、アイソフォーム選択性を示さず、「汎PI3K阻害剤」と考えられる。一実施形態では、PI3K阻害剤は、ATPとPI3K触媒ドメインへの結合に関して競合する。
本明細書で使用される場合、「AKT阻害剤」という用語は、AKTの少なくとも1つの活性を阻害する核酸、ペプチド、化合物、または小有機分子を指す。AKT阻害剤は、脂質ベースの阻害剤(例えば、AKTが形質膜に局在化するのを阻止するAKTのプレクストリン相同ドメインを標的とする阻害剤)、ATP競合阻害剤、及びアロステリック阻害剤を含む、いくつかのクラスに分けることができる。一実施形態では、AKT阻害剤は、AKT触媒部位に結合することによって作用する。特定の実施形態では、AKT阻害剤は、mTORなどの下流AKT標的のリン酸化を阻害することによって作用する。別の実施形態では、AKT活性は、例えば、AKTのDNA−PK活性化、AKTのPDK−1活性化、及び/またはAktのmTORC2活性化を阻害することにより、Aktを活性化する入力シグナルを阻害することにより阻害される。
「mTOR阻害剤」または「mTORを阻害する薬剤」という用語は、mTORタンパク質の少なくとも1つの活性、例えば、その基質のうちの少なくとも1つ上のセリン/スレオニンタンパク質キナーゼ活性(例えば、p70S6キナーゼ1、4E−BP1、AKT/PKB、及びEF2)などを阻害する核酸、ペプチド、化合物、または小有機分子を指す。mTOR阻害剤は、mTORC1、mTORC2、またはmTORC1及びmTORC2の両方に直接結合し、それらを阻害することができる。
本明細書において想定される組成物は、本明細書において想定されるように、1つ以上のポリペプチド、ポリヌクレオチド、それらを含むベクター、遺伝子改変免疫エフェクター細胞等を含み得る。組成物は、薬学的組成物を含むが、これに限定されない。「薬学的組成物」は、単独で、または1つ以上の他の治療様式と組み合わせてのいずれかで、細胞または動物に投与するための、薬学的に許容される、または生理学的に許容される溶液に製剤化された組成物を指す。所望される場合、本発明の組成物は、他の薬剤、例えば、サイトカイン、成長因子、ホルモン、小分子、化学療法剤、プロドラッグ、薬物、抗体、または他の様々な薬学的に活性な薬剤などと組み合わせて投与され得ることも理解されたい。本組成物に同様に含まれ得る他の構成成分に実質的に制限はないが、但し、追加の薬剤が、本組成物が意図される療法を送達する能力に悪影響を及ぼさないものとする。
本明細書において想定される遺伝子改変免疫エフェクター細胞は、限定されないが、免疫調節状態及び血液悪性腫瘍を含む、B細胞関連状態を治療する際に使用するための養子免疫療法の改善された方法を提供する。
BCMA CARの構築
マウス抗BCMA scFv抗体を含有するCARは、抗BCMA scFvに動作可能に連結されたMNDプロモーター、CD8αからのヒンジ及び膜貫通ドメイン、及びCD137共刺激ドメイン、続いて3ζ鎖の細胞内シグナル伝達ドメインを含有するように設計された。例えば、図1を参照されたい。図1に示されるBCMA CARは、免疫エフェクター細胞上での表面発現のためのCD8αシグナルペプチド(SP)配列を含む。例示的なBCMA CARのポリヌクレオチド配列は配列番号10に記載され、BCMA CARの例示的なポリペプチド配列は配列番号9に記載され、例示的なCAR構築物のベクターマップは図1に示される。表3は、BCMA CARレンチウイルスベクターの様々なヌクレオチドセグメントの識別情報、Genbank参照、供給源名、及び引用文献を示す。
マウスBCMA CARの評価
はじめに
キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)で遺伝子操作されたT細胞の養子移入は、癌を治療するための有望なアプローチとなった。CARは、膜貫通領域を介してT細胞シグナル伝達ドメインに融合された抗原反応性単鎖可変断片(scFv)で構成された人工分子である。この実施例では、B細胞成熟抗原(BCMA)に特異的なCAR分子が評価された。BCMAは、多発性骨髄腫、形質細胞腫、及びいくつかのリンパ腫に発現されるが、正常な発現は形質細胞に限られる(Avery et al.,2003、Carpenito et al.,2009、Chiu et al.,2007)。
抗BCMA10 T細胞から放出された強直性炎症性サイトカインはアポトーシスに関連した。
BCMAタンパク質は、多発性骨髄腫の患者の血清において検出可能であった(Sanchez et al.,2012)。多発性骨髄腫患者における平均血清BCMAは10ng/mLであったが、最大100ng/mLのレベルでピークであった。抗BCMA CAR T細胞候補に対する生理学的に可溶性のBCMAレベルが評価された。
活性化過剰及びアポトーシスの増加は、患者、そして最終的には臨床的有効性において、CAR T細胞持続性に負の影響を及ぼす可能性がある。マウス腫瘍モデルにおいて、抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞及び抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞の抗腫瘍機能を検査した。約100mm3の実験皮下ヒト多発性骨髄腫(RPMI−8226)の腫瘍を有するNOD scidガンマ(NSG)マウスを、107抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞、107抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞、またはボルテゾミブ(ベルケイド)で処置した。RPMI−8226の成長をキャリパーで監視した。2つの独立した実験において(図8a及び8b)、ボルテゾミブは、ビヒクル対照動物と比較して、腫瘍成長を制御した。抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞を養子移入された動物は、迅速かつ永続的な腫瘍クリアランスを呈した(挿入グラフは初期の腫瘍縮小を誇張する)。抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞の養子移入は腫瘍縮小ももたらしたが、抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞と比較して、両実験において遅延された。
抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞及び抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞は、インビトロアッセイにおいて、比較可能な抗腫瘍機能を呈したが、抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞は、患者の治療における安全性及び有効性に負の影響を及ぼす可能性がある特性を有した。抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞は、生理学的レベルのBCMAタンパク質に曝露された後、炎症性サイトカインの分泌で確実に応答した。サイトカインストームまたはサイトカイン放出症候群は、CAR T細胞療法に関連する既知の臨床毒性である。BCMAへのサイトカイン放出に対する懸念は、抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞の強直な活性の観察後に深刻化した。抗原刺激の不在下でさえ、抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞は、高レベルの炎症性サイトカインを放出した。持続するサイトカイン分泌は、実質的な臨床毒性をもたらし、また抗腫瘍機能に負の影響を及ぼす可能性を有する。実際、我々は、多発性骨髄腫のマウスモデルにおいて、抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞培養物と比較して、抗BCMA10 CAR T細胞においてアポトーシス細胞の組成がより高く、抗腫瘍機能が劣っていることを発見した。
Avery et al.,(2003).BAFF selectively enhances the survival of plasmablasts generated from human memory B cells.J Clin Invest,112(2),286−297.
リンパ腫における最小BCMA発現は抗BCMA CAR T細胞を活性化する
リンパ腫及び白血病細胞系(Daudi及びRaji)上のBCMA発現レベルは、発現が抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞を活性化するのに十分であるかを決定するために測定された。
抗BCMA CAR T 細胞の強力なインビトロ活性
抗BCMA CAR T細胞の強力なインビトロ活性は50パーセント減少した抗BCMA CARBCMA02 CAR発現で達成された。T細胞集団は、抗BCMA CAR分子をコードするレンチウイルスの4x108〜5x107の形質導入単位で形質導入された。得られたT細胞集団は、抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞頻度(陽性率としてアッセイされた)の減少及び抗BCMA02 CAR分子の発現(平均蛍光強度:MFIとしてアッセイされた)の減少を示した。
抗BCMA CAR T細胞製造プロセス
独特の抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞産物を各患者の治療用に製造する。抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞産物の製造プロセスの信頼度は、11の個々の正常なドナーPBMCから抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞を生成することにより評価された。各ドナーからの抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞の増幅は、平行して行われた対応する形質導入されていない培養と比較可能であった(図12A)。
IL−2またはIL−2及びZSTK474で処理されたCAR T細胞上でのCD62L、CD127、CD197、及びCD38発現
IL−2及びZSTK474と共に培養されたCAR T細胞は、IL−2単独で培養されたCAR T細胞と比較して、CD62L発現の増加を示す。IL−2及びZSTK474と共に培養された抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞上の29の追加の細胞表面マーカーの発現分析は、多パラメータマスサイトメトリー(CyTOF)を使用して行われ、IL−2単独で培養されたCAR T細胞と比較された。3つの追加のマーカー(CD127、CD197、及びCD38)は、IL−2単独で処理されたCAR T細胞と比較して、IL−2+ZSTK474処理されたCAR T細胞において発現の増加を示した。よって、CD62L、CD127、CD197、及びCD38の同時発現は、ZSTK474培養されたCAR T細胞を更に層別化した。IL−2を含有する培地で培養した後、7.44%の抗BCMA02 CAR Tが、IL−2及びZSTK474で培養された24.5%の抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞と比較して、CD127、CD197、及びCD38を同時発現した。図13のベン図は、CD62L陽性抗BCMA02 T細胞におけるCD127、CD197、及びCD38の同時発現を図示する。
ZSTK474処理はCD8 T細胞の頻度を増加させる
CD8発現は、IL−2単独またはIL−2及びZSTK474で処理された抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞において数量化された。CD8の発現は、蛍光標識された抗CD8抗体及びフローサイトメトリーを使用して決定された。IL−2及びZSTK474と共に培養された7つの正常なドナーからの抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞は、IL−2単独で培養された抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞と比較して大幅に高いCD8発現を有した。図14。
ZSTK474処理された抗BCMA CAR T細胞における抗原依存活性の欠如
抗原不在下のCAR T細胞の強直な活性は、生物学的活性の減少に関連した。抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞の強直な活性は、IL−2単独の標準的な培養条件と比較して、IL−2及びZSTK474の存在下で培養した後の抗原の不在下でのインターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)放出を数量化することにより評価された。抗BCMA CAR T細胞培養物は、大規模な臨床製造プロセスに直接拡張可能なシステムを使用して調製された。簡潔に、末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を、IL−2(CellGenix)ならびにCD3及びCD28に特異的な抗体(Miltenyi Biotec)を含有する培地中で、静的フラスコ中で培養した。2x108形質導入単位の抗BCMA CARをコードするレンチウイルスを培養開始1日目に添加した。
ZSTK474処理された抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞はリンパ腫腫瘍モデルにおいて治療活性を示す
IL−2またはIL−及びZSTK474と共に培養された抗BCMA02 CAR T細胞の抗腫瘍活性を調べるために、Daudi腫瘍を使用した。Daudi細胞は、低レベルのBCMAタンパク質を発現し、高悪性度で、治療が困難なリンパ腫腫瘍モデルを提供する。
ZSTK474処理されたCAR T細胞はヒト骨髄腫のマウスモデルにおいて治療活性を示す
100mm3の皮下多発性骨髄腫腫瘍(RPMI−8226)を有する動物に、等価のCAR T細胞用量(1x106抗BCMA02 CAR−陽性T細胞)、または対応T細胞ドナーからの未改変T細胞(形質導入されていない)を注入した。抗BCMA CAR T細胞を、実施例8に記載されるように、IL−2またはIL−2及びZSTK474で処理した。
Claims (65)
- ヒトBCMAポリペプチドの1つ以上のエピトープに結合するマウス抗BCMA(B細胞成熟抗原)抗体またはその抗原結合断片を含む細胞外ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、1つ以上の細胞内共刺激シグナル伝達ドメイン、及び一次シグナル伝達ドメインを含む、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)。
- 前記ヒトBCMAポリペプチドに結合する前記マウス抗BCMA抗体または抗原結合断片が、Camel Ig、Ig NAR、Fab断片、Fab’断片、F(ab)’2断片、F(ab)’3断片、Fv、単鎖Fv抗体(「scFv」)、ビス−scFv、(scFv)2、ミニボディ、ダイアボディ、トリアボディ、テトラボディ、ジスルフィド安定化Fvタンパク質(「dsFv」)、及び単一ドメイン抗体(sdAb、ナノボディ)からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のCAR。
- 前記ヒトBCMAポリペプチドに結合する前記マウス抗BCMA抗体または抗原結合断片が、scFvである、請求項2に記載のCAR。
- 前記マウス抗BCMA抗体またはその抗原結合断片が、配列番号1〜3のいずれか1つに記載される、1つ以上のCDRを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記マウス抗BCMA抗体またはその抗原結合断片が、配列番号4〜6のいずれか1つに記載される、1つ以上のCDRを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記マウス抗BCMA抗体またはその抗原結合断片が、配列番号7に記載される、可変軽鎖配列を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記可変軽鎖配列が、配列番号1〜3に記載される、前記CDR配列を含む、請求項6に記載のCAR。
- 前記マウス抗BCMA抗体またはその抗原結合断片が、配列番号8に記載される、可変重鎖配列を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記可変重鎖配列が、配列番号4〜6に記載される、前記CDR配列を含む、請求項8に記載のCAR。
- 前記膜貫通ドメインが、T細胞受容体のアルファ、ベータまたはゼータ鎖、CD3ε、CD3ζ、CD4、CD5、CD8α、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD27、CD28、CD33、CD37、CD45、CD64、CD80、CD86、CD134、CD137、CD152、CD154及びPD1からなる群から選択されるポリペプチドからのものである、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記膜貫通ドメインが、CD8α、CD4、CD45、PD1及びCD154からなる群から選択される、ポリペプチドからのものである、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記膜貫通ドメインが、CD8αからのものである、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記1つ以上の共刺激シグナル伝達ドメインが、CARD11、CD2、CD7、CD27、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD54(ICAM)、CD83、CD134(OX40)、CD137(4−1BB)、CD150(SLAMF1)、CD152(CTLA4)、CD223(LAG3)、CD270(HVEM)、CD273(PD−L2)、CD274(PD−L1)、CD278(ICOS)、DAP10、LAT、NKD2C SLP76、TRIM及びZAP70からなる群から選択される、共刺激分子からのものである、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記1つ以上の共刺激シグナル伝達ドメインが、CD28、CD134及びCD137からなる群から選択される、共刺激分子からのものである、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記1つ以上の共刺激シグナル伝達ドメインが、CD28、CD134及びCD137からなる群から選択される、共刺激分子からのものである、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記1つ以上の共刺激シグナル伝達ドメインが、CD28からのものである、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記1つ以上の共刺激シグナル伝達ドメインが、CD134からのものである、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記1つ以上の共刺激シグナル伝達ドメインが、CD137からのものである、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- ヒンジ領域ポリペプチドを更に含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記ヒンジ領域ポリペプチドが、CD8αのヒンジ領域を含む、請求項19に記載のCAR。
- スペーサー領域を更に含む、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記スペーサー領域ポリペプチドが、IgG1またはIgG4のCH2及びCH3領域を含む、請求項21に記載のCAR。
- シグナルペプチドを更に含む、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 前記シグナルペプチドが、IgG1重鎖シグナルポリペプチド、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子受容体2(GM−CSFR2)シグナルポリペプチド、またはCD8αシグナルポリペプチドを含む、請求項23に記載のCAR。
- 配列番号9に記載される、アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載のCAR。
- 請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載のCARをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- ポリヌクレオチド配列が、配列番号10に記載される、CARをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項26または請求項27に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む、ベクター。
- 前記ベクターが、発現ベクターである、請求項28に記載のベクター。
- 前記ベクターが、エピソームベクターである、請求項28に記載のベクター。
- 前記ベクターが、ウイルスベクターである、請求項28に記載のベクター。
- 前記ベクターが、レトロウイルスベクターである、請求項28に記載のベクター。
- 前記ベクターが、レンチウイルスベクターである、請求項28に記載のベクター。
- 前記レンチウイルスベクターが、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス1(HIV−1)、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス2(HIV−2)、ビスナ・マエディ(VMV)ウイルス、ヤギ関節炎脳炎ウイルス(CAEV)、ウマ感染性貧血ウイルス(EIAV)、ネコ免疫不全ウイルス(FIV)、ウシ免疫不全ウイルス(BIV)、及びサル免疫不全ウイルス(SIV)から本質的になる群から選択される、請求項28に記載のベクター。
- 左(5’)レトロウイルスLTR、プサイ(Ψ)パッケージングシグナル、セントラルポリプリントラクト/DNAフラップ(cPPT/FLAP)、レトロウイルス輸送要素、請求項26または請求項27に記載のポリヌクレオチドに動作可能に連結されたプロモーター、及び右(3’)レトロウイルスLTRを含む、請求項28〜34のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 異種ポリアデニル化配列を更に含む、請求項35に記載のベクター。
- B型肝炎ウイルス転写後調節要素(HPRE)またはウッドチャック転写後調節要素(WPRE)を更に含む、請求項28〜36のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 前記5’LTRの前記プロモーターが、異種プロモーターに置き換えられる、請求項35〜37のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 前記異種プロモーターが、サイトメガロウイルス(CMV)プロモーター、ラウス肉腫ウイルス(RSV)プロモーターまたはサルウイルス40(SV40)プロモーターである、請求項38に記載のベクター。
- 前記5’LTRまたは3’LTRが、レンチウイルスLTRである、請求項35〜39のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 前記3’LTRが、1つ以上の改変を含む、請求項35〜40のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 前記3’LTRが、1つ以上の欠失を含む、請求項35〜41のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 前記3’LTRが、自己不活性型(SIN)LTRである、請求項35〜42のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 前記ポリアデニル化配列が、ウシ成長ホルモンポリアデニル化またはシグナルウサギβ−グロビンポリアデニル化配列である、請求項35〜43のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 請求項26または請求項27に記載のポリヌクレオチドが、最適化されたコザック配列を含む、請求項28〜44のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 請求項26または請求項27に記載のポリヌクレオチドに動作可能に連結された前記プロモーターが、サイトメガロウイルス最初期遺伝子プロモーター(CMV)、伸長因子1アルファプロモーター(EF1−α)、ホスホグリセリン酸キナーゼ1プロモーター(PGK)、ユビキチンCプロモーター(UBQ−C)、サイトメガロウイルスエンハンサー/ニワトリベータ−アクチンプロモーター(CAG)、ポリオーマエンハンサー/単純ヘルペスチミジンキナーゼプロモーター(MC1)、ベータアクチンプロモーター(β−ACT)、サルウイルス40プロモーター(SV40)、骨髄増殖性肉腫ウイルスエンハンサー、負の制御領域欠失dl587revプライマー結合部位置換(MND)プロモーターからなる群から選択される、請求項35〜45のいずれか1項に記載のベクター。
- 請求項28〜46のいずれか1項に記載のベクターを含む、免疫エフェクター細胞。
- 前記免疫エフェクター細胞が、Tリンパ球及びナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項47に記載の免疫エフェクター細胞。
- 請求項47または請求項48に記載の免疫エフェクター細胞及び生理学的に許容される賦形剤を含む、組成物。
- 請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載のCARを含む免疫エフェクター細胞の生成方法であって、請求項28〜46のいずれか1項に記載のベクターを、免疫エフェクター細胞内に導入することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記免疫エフェクター細胞を刺激し、前記細胞を、CD3に結合する抗体及びCD28に結合する抗体と接触させることによって、前記細胞の増殖を誘発し、それにより免疫エフェクター細胞の集団を生成することを更に含む、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫エフェクター細胞が、前記ベクターを導入する前に刺激され、増殖を誘発される、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫エフェクター細胞が、Tリンパ球を含む、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫エフェクター細胞が、NK細胞を含む、請求項51に記載の方法。
- B細胞関連状態の治療を必要とする対象に、それを行う方法であって、前記対象に、治療有効量の請求項49に記載の組成物を投与することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記B細胞関連状態が、多発性骨髄腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、不確定な悪性度のB細胞増殖、リンパ腫様肉芽腫症、移植後リンパ増殖性障害、免疫調節性障害、関節リウマチ、重症筋無力症、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病、抗リン脂質抗体症候群、シャーガス病、グレーブス病、ウェゲナー肉芽腫症、結節性多発動脈炎、シェーグレン症候群、尋常性天疱瘡、強皮症、多発性硬化症、抗リン脂質抗体症候群、ANCA関連血管炎、グッドパスチャー病、川崎病、自己免疫性溶血性貧血及び急速進行性糸球体腎炎、重鎖病、原発性もしくは免疫細胞関連アミロイドーシス、または意義不明の単クローン性免疫グロブリン血症である、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞関連状態が、B細胞悪性腫瘍である、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞悪性腫瘍が、多発性骨髄腫(MM)または非ホジキンリンパ腫(NHL)である、請求項57に記載の方法。
- 前記MMが、顕性多発性骨髄腫、くすぶり型多発性骨髄腫、形質細胞性白血病、非分泌型骨髄腫、IgD骨髄腫、骨硬化性骨髄腫、骨の孤立性形質細胞腫、及び髄外性形質細胞腫からなる群から選択される、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 前記NHLが、バーキットリンパ腫、慢性リンパ球性白血病/小リンパ球性リンパ腫(CLL/SLL)、びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫、濾胞性リンパ腫、免疫芽球性大細胞型リンパ腫、前駆Bリンパ芽球性リンパ腫、及びマントル細胞リンパ腫からなる群から選択される、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞関連状態が、形質細胞悪性腫瘍である、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞関連状態が、自己免疫疾患である、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記自己免疫疾患が、全身性エリテマトーデスである、請求項62に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞関連状態が、関節リウマチである、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞関連状態が、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病、または重症筋無力症、または自己免疫性溶血性貧血である、請求項55に記載の方法。
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