JP2005161311A - 層状触媒複合体 - Google Patents
層状触媒複合体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005161311A JP2005161311A JP2004341015A JP2004341015A JP2005161311A JP 2005161311 A JP2005161311 A JP 2005161311A JP 2004341015 A JP2004341015 A JP 2004341015A JP 2004341015 A JP2004341015 A JP 2004341015A JP 2005161311 A JP2005161311 A JP 2005161311A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- layer
- component
- palladium
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 43
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 290
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 157
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 127
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 126
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 58
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 40
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 38
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 23
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 265
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 231
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 150
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 130
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 87
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 81
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 241000003832 Lantana Species 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 14
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011238 particulate composite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000711825 Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;hydroxy-[hydroxy(oxo)silyl]oxy-oxosilane;lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Al].O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](=O)O[Si](O)=O HEHRHMRHPUNLIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052670 petalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- NFOHLBHARAZXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pt]O NFOHLBHARAZXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYOIGGSUICKDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-one Chemical compound C1CCC2C(=O)CCN21 WYOIGGSUICKDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012693 ceria precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003114 praseodymium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Pr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003438 strontium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;diacetate Chemical compound [Sr+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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Abstract
【解決手段】層状触媒複合体の構造設計では第一層と第二層を存在させる。この第一層に、第一支持体、少なくとも1種の第一パラジウム成分、そしてパラジウム成分と密に接触している酸素貯蔵成分を含め、任意に、別の第一白金族金属成分、ジルコニウム成分、少なくとも1種の第一アルカリ土類金属成分、そしてランタン金属成分およびネオジム金属成分から成る群から選択される少なくとも1種の第一希土類金属成分を含めてもよい。この第二層に、第二支持体、少なくとも1種の第二パラジウム成分、任意に、別の第二白金族金属成分、少なくとも1種の第二アルカリ土類金属成分、ランタン金属成分およびネオジム金属成分から成る群から選択される少なくとも1種の第二希土類金属成分、そしてジルコニウム成分を含めてもよい。
【選択図】なし
Description
少なくとも1種のパラジウム成分を約0.003から約0.6g/立方インチ、
少なくとも1種の第一白金および/または第一ロジウム成分を0から約0.065g/立方インチ、
第一支持体を約0.15から約2.0g/立方インチ、
第一層内の第一酸素貯蔵成分を全体で約0.05から約2.0g/立方インチ、
少なくとも1種の第一アルカリ土類金属成分を0.0、好適には約0.025から約0.5g/立方インチ、
第一ジルコニウム成分を0.0、好適には約0.025から約0.5g/立方インチ、および
セリウム金属成分、ランタン金属成分およびネオジム金属成分から成る群から選択される少なくとも1種の第一希土類金属成分を0.0、好適には約0.025から約0.5g/立方インチ、
有する。
少なくとも1種の第二パラジウム成分を約0.003から約0.6g/立方インチ、
少なくとも1種の第二白金および/またはロジウム成分を0.0から約0.065g/立方インチ、
第二支持体を約0.15から約2.0g/立方インチ、
ランタン金属成分およびネオジム金属成分から成る群から選択される少なくとも1種の第二希土類金属成分を0.0、好適には約0.025から約0.5g/立方インチ、
少なくとも1種の第二アルカリ土類金属成分を0.0、好適には約0.25から約0.5g/立方インチ、および
第二ジルコニウム成分を0.0、好適には約0.025から約0.5g/立方インチ、
有する。しかしながら、この第一層はアルカリ土類金属成分および/または希土類成分を必要としそしてこの第二層はアルカリ土類金属成分および/または希土類金属成分を必要とする。
本発明はスリーウエイ変換触媒またはTWCとして有用な種類の層状触媒複合体に向けたものである。本発明のTWC触媒複合体は気体流れ内の炭化水素および一酸化炭素の酸化と窒素酸化物の還元を同時に触媒する。
第一層組成物はCOの酸化および窒素酸化物の還元を高めるに充分な酸素貯蔵容量を与える。セリアとパラジウム触媒成分とが密に接触していることでこのセリアが高温(例えば500℃以上)で示す酸化還元特性が助長されると考えている。このように、充分に酸化されたセリア表面は容易にCO成分と反応してCO2を生じることができ、その結果として、還元されたセリア表面が生じる。次に、この還元されたセリア表面は排気内のNOおよび/または酸素成分によって再び酸化される。このセリア−パラジウム組み合わせにより、このパラジウム含有触媒が高温で示すCOおよびNO変換効率が有意に良好になる。充分な量のパラジウム金属成分は炭化水素変換にとって非常に有効である。このウォッシュコート組成物およびパラジウム両方の活性を安定剤および助触媒が安定化および助長していると考えている。
この第二層組成物はセリア成分と密に接触していないアルミナ支持パラジウム触媒成分を含む。高温(例えば500℃以上)で高い活性を示すパラジウム−セリア組み合わせは温度が低い時(典型的には350℃から450℃の範囲)特にHCおよびNOxの変換で低い活性を示すと考えている。この効果は、米国特許第4,624,940号に記述されている実施例IIに示されている。このパラジウム−セリアの相互作用によりパラジウム触媒成分が低温で示すHCおよびNOx活性が悪化すると考えている。このように、上記第一層内の第一パラジウム触媒成分は、この触媒が一度加熱されて約500℃の運転温度に到達すると充分な性能を示すようになる。この第二層内の第二パラジウム触媒成分は初期加熱中および500℃以下の運転温度でも充分な触媒活性を示す。本発明のパラジウム触媒成分は、明らかに、この触媒の運転温度ウインドー(window)を広げることでパラジウムの性能を改良する。
A.第一層
1グラム当たり150平方メートル(150m2/g)の表面積を有するガンマアルミナ粉末を700gの量で用い、これに、パラジウムが31.9g入っている硝酸パラジウム水溶液を含浸させた。31.9gのパラジウムが全部染み込んだ。このパラジウム含有アルミナ、CeO2が300g入っている硝酸で安定化したセリアのコロイド状分散液(注:CeO2の平均粒子サイズは約100オングストロームである。これはバルクなセリアでない)、500gのCeO2を生じるに充分な量の硝酸セリウム結晶、100gのLa2O3を生じるに充分な量の硝酸ランタン結晶、60gのBaOを生じるに充分な量の酢酸バリウム結晶、140gのZrO2を生じるに充分な量の酢酸ジルコニウム溶液、および500gの共生成セリア−ジルコニア粉末(CeO2が20重量%入っていて表面積が50m2/g)を、酢酸と一緒にボールミルにかけることでスラリーを生じさせた。このスラリーを更に、水の中で予め製粉したNiO粒子の70gと一緒に混合することによって、固体が約48重量%入っているウォッシュコート層用スラリーを生じさせた。このウォッシュコートスラリーに、断面1平方インチ当たり約400個の流れ通路を有するコージライト製モノリス支持体を浸漬した。圧縮空気を用いて上記モノリスから過剰部分を吹き飛ばした。焼成を450℃で受けさせた後得られる触媒モノリスは、パラジウムを55g/立方フィート、アルミナを0.7g/立方インチ、CeO2を0.8g/立方インチ、La2O3を0.1g/立方インチ、ZrO2を0.14g/立方インチ、BaOを0.06g/立方インチ、セリア−ジルコニア複合体を0.5g/立方インチおよびNiOを0.07g/立方インチ含んでいた。
B.第二層
パートAで用いたのと同じ種類のアルミナ粉末を700gの量で用い、これに、パラジウムが31.9g入っている硝酸パラジウム水溶液を含浸させた。31.9gのパラジウムが全部染み込んだ。このパラジウム含有アルミナ、100gのLa2O3を生じるに充分な量の硝酸ランタン結晶、100gのNd2O3を生じるに充分な量の硝酸ネオジム結晶、100gのZrO2を生じるに充分な量の硝酸ジルコニウム結晶、および100gのSrOを生じるに充分な量の硝酸ストロンチウム結晶を、水と一緒にボールミルにかけることでウォッシュコート層用スラリーを生じさせ、このスラリーには固体が約30重量%入っていた。この第二層スラリーに、この実施例のパートAで第一層の層を取り付たモノリスを浸漬した。過剰部分を吹き飛ばした後、乾燥させ、焼成を450℃で行うことで、このモノリスは更に、パラジウムを55g/立方フィート、アルミナを0.7g/立方インチ、La2O3を0.1g/立方インチ、Nd2O3を0.1g/立方インチ、ZrO2を0.1g/立方インチおよびSrOを0.1g/立方インチ含むウォッシュコートを1.13g/立方インチ取り込んだ。この最終触媒モノリスはパラジウムを110g/立方フィート含んでいた。
実施例1に記述したのと同様なセリア源および充填量を用いて、層状パラジウム含有モノリス型触媒構造物を調製した。この比較実施例では、両方の被膜内のパラジウム触媒成分をLa−Ba安定化アルミナ(米国特許第4,624,940号の実施例IVに記述されているアルミナ材料と同様)に支持させ、セリア成分と密に接触させた。焼成を450℃で受けさせた後の第一層は、パラジウムを55g/立方フィート、La−Ba安定化アルミナを0.6g/立方インチ、CeO2(硝酸で安定化したコロイド状のセリア溶液から)を0.4g/立方インチ含んでいた。焼成を450℃で受けさせた後の第二層は、パラジウムを55g/立方フィート、La−Ba安定化アルミナを0.8g/立方インチ、CeO2(硝酸セリウムから)を0.4g/立方インチ、La2O3(硝酸ランタンから)を0.1g/立方インチ、BaO(硝酸バリウムから)を0.05g/立方インチ、ZrO2(硝酸ジルコニウムから)を0.05g/立方インチ、NiO(予め製粉したバルクな酸化物から)を0.05g/立方インチおよびセリア−ジルコニア複合体を0.5g/立方インチ含んでいた。このトップ層およびボトム層両方でパラジウムはCeO2と密に接触していた。
米国特許第4,624,940号の実施例IVに記述されている操作に本質的に従って相当する量の全セリア充填量を有する400個セル/平方インチのモノリス型触媒を調製した。最終触媒モノリスはパラジウムを110g/立方フィート、La−Ba安定化アルミナを1.2g/立方インチ、CeO2(CeO2含有量が95重量%でBET表面積が120m2/gのバルクなセリアから)を0.9g/立方インチおよび粉砕コージライトを0.3g/立方インチ含んでいた。
0.75% CO、0.2% H2、0.63% O2、16.3% CO2、10% H2O、1400ppm NO、235ppm C3H6、235ppm C3H8、45ppm SO2
残りN2(平均ガス組成)
約450℃の運転温度において比較実施例3組成物のパラジウム触媒が示す性能は実施例1の触媒複合体と同様でないことは表Iから容易に分かる。比較実施例2の触媒が示すCOおよびNOx変換性能は、これにはベース金属酸化物安定剤および助触媒が組み込まれていてセリア成分が改良されている結果として、比較実施例3の触媒よりも有意に良好である。しかしながら、この比較実施例2の組成物で出来ている触媒内のパラジウム触媒成分は全部そのセリア成分と密に接触していることから、そのHCおよびNOx変換は制限される。本発明の触媒複合体では、パラジウム成分が個々の層の中に入っていて分離されていることにより、表Iで触媒実施例1が示すように、明らかに優れた活性を示す。
実施例1の製造で用いた操作に本質的に従って2つの層状触媒を比較の目的で調製した。
A.第一コート
1グラム当たり150平方メートルの表面積を有するガンマアルミナ粉末を700gの量で用い、これに、Pdが31.9g入っている硝酸Pd溶液を含浸させた。このパラジウム含有アルミナ、CeO2が300g入っている硝酸で安定化したセリアのコロイド状分散液、500gのCeO2が入っている硝酸セリウム結晶、100gのLa2O3が入っている硝酸ランタン結晶、60gのBaOが入っている酢酸バリウム結晶、140gのZrO2が入っている酢酸ジルコニウム溶液、および500gの共生成セリア−ジルコニア粉末(CeO2が20重量%入っていて表面積が50m2/g)を、酢酸と一緒にボールミルにかけることでスラリーを生じさせた。このスラリーを更に、水の中で予め製粉したNiO粒子の70gと一緒に混合することによって、ウォッシュコート被覆用スラリーを生じさせた。このスラリーに、断面1平方インチ当たり約400個の流れ通路を有するコージライト製モノリス支持体を浸漬することで適当なウォッシュコート充填量を得た。焼成を450℃の空気中で1時間受けさせた後得られる触媒モノリスは、Pdを55g/立方フィート、アルミナを0.7g/立方インチ、CeO2を0.8g/立方インチ、La2O3を0.1g/立方インチ、ZrO2を0.14g/立方インチ、BaOを0.06g/立方インチ、セリア−ジルコニア複合体を0.5g/立方インチおよびNiOを0.07g/立方インチ含んでいた。
B.第二コート
アルミナ粉末を700gの量で用い、これに、パラジウムが31.9g入っている硝酸Pd溶液を含浸させた。このパラジウム含有アルミナ、100gのLa2O3が入っている硝酸ランタン結晶、100gのNd2O3が入っている硝酸ネオジム結晶、100gのZrO2が入っている硝酸ジルコニウム結晶、および100gのBaOが入っている水酸化バリウム結晶を、水と一緒にボールミルにかけることでウォッシュコート被覆用スラリーを生じさせた。この第二コートスラリーに、上記第一コートで被覆したモノリスを浸漬することによって、適当なウォッシュコート充填量を得た。焼成を450℃の空気中で1時間行ったのモノリスは更に、Pdを55g/立方フィート、アルミナを0.7g/立方インチ、La2O3を0.1g/立方インチ、Nd2O3を0.1g/立方インチ、ZrO2を0.1g/立方インチおよびBaOを0.1g/立方インチ含むウォッシュコートを1.13g/立方インチ取り込んでいた。この最終触媒モノリスはPdを110g/立方フィート含んでいた。この触媒サンプルを触媒C1と表示する。
本発明に従う2層触媒を調製した。実施例4の第二コート組成物に、アルミナに支持させたPtを10g/立方フィート組み込んだ。
本発明の1つの態様に従う2層触媒を調製した。実施例4の第一コート組成物に、アルミナに支持させたPtを10g/立方フィート組み込んだ。
本発明に従う2層触媒を調製した。実施例4の第二コート組成物に、アルミナに支持させたRhを2g/立方フィート組み込んだ。
本発明の別の態様に従う2層触媒を調製した。実施例4の第二コート組成物に、Ptを10g/立方フィートおよびRhを2g/立方フィート組み込んだ。
本発明に従わない比較触媒
実施例8の第一コートスラリーおよび第二コートスラリーを一緒にしてウォッシュコート被覆用スラリーを生じさせることによって単一コート触媒を調製した。このスラリーに、400個セル/平方インチのコージライト製モノリスを浸漬することによって、所望量のウォッシュコート充填量を得た。焼成を450℃の空気中で1時間行った後の最終触媒モノリスは、Pdを110g/立方フィート、Ptを10g/立方フィート、Rhを2g/立方フィート、アルミナを1.67g/立方インチ、CeO2を0.8g/立方インチ、La2O3を0.2g/立方インチ、Nd2O3を0.1g/立方インチ、ZrO2を0.24g/立方インチ、BaOを0.16g/立方インチ、共生成セリア−ジルコニア複合体を0.5g/立方インチおよびNiOを0.07g/立方インチ含んでいた。この触媒サンプルを触媒C2と表示する。
C1、実施例5、実施例6、実施例7、実施例8およびC2のモノリス型触媒各々から、直径が1.5インチで長さが3インチのコアを切り取った。これらのコアを個別に実験室用反応槽の中に充填して、水が10%入っていて流れている窒素流中、25,00VHSV空間速度で24時間、950℃で熟成させた。次に、この熟成させた触媒コアを個別に実験室用試験反応槽の中に充填し、模擬排気組成物を用い、±0.5A/F@1Hz@化学量論的セットポイントの摂動および50,000VHSV空間速度で評価を行った。この評価条件下のフィードガス組成物は平均でCOを0.72%、H2を0.24%、O2を0.63%、NOを1400ppm、C3H6を230ppm、C3H8を230ppm、H2Oを10%、CO2を16%およびSO2を45ppm含み、その残りはN2である。450℃におけるライトオフ(light−off)性能および変換効率の結果をそれぞれ表IIおよび表IIIに示す。
Claims (5)
- 上流部分と下流部分を含む触媒品であって、
該下流部分が
下流基質、
該下流基質上の第一層、
を含み、ここで、該層が、
少なくとも1種の第一パラジウム成分、
該パラジウム成分と密に接触している第一酸素貯蔵成分、
を含み、そして
該上流部分が
上流基質、
該上流基質上の第二層、
を含み、ここで、該上流の層が、
少なくとも1種の酸素貯蔵成分と密に接触していない第二パラジウム成分、
を含む、
触媒品。 - 該上流部分および下流部分が単一基質の上流部分および下流部分である請求の範囲第1項記載の触媒品。
- 該単一基質がハニカム基質である請求の範囲第2項記載の触媒品。
- 該上流部分が上流基質を含み、そして該下流部分が、該上流基質から独立した下流基質を含む請求の範囲第1項記載の触媒品。
- 該上流基質および下流基質がハニカム基質である請求の範囲第4項記載の触媒品。
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JP2007260568A (ja) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 排ガス浄化用触媒及びその再生方法 |
JP4697796B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-28 | 2011-06-08 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 排ガス浄化用触媒及びその再生方法 |
JP2008221204A (ja) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-09-25 | Mazda Motor Corp | 排ガス成分浄化用触媒材及び排ガス成分浄化用触媒 |
WO2017159628A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPWO2017159628A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-01-24 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
US11110435B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2021-09-07 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH09500570A (ja) | 1997-01-21 |
WO1995000235A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
JP4911893B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
DE69417889D1 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
DE69417889T2 (de) | 1999-10-07 |
JP3786954B2 (ja) | 2006-06-21 |
EP0885657B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
EP0705134B1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
KR960703347A (ko) | 1996-08-17 |
CA2165054A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
EP0885657A3 (en) | 1999-01-20 |
DE69435061D1 (de) | 2008-02-14 |
US5597771A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
DE69435061T2 (de) | 2008-12-18 |
EP0885657A2 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
EP0705134A1 (en) | 1996-04-10 |
ATE178809T1 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
KR100431476B1 (ko) | 2004-08-25 |
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