EP0244626A1 - Electrode et son application - Google Patents
Electrode et son application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0244626A1 EP0244626A1 EP87104615A EP87104615A EP0244626A1 EP 0244626 A1 EP0244626 A1 EP 0244626A1 EP 87104615 A EP87104615 A EP 87104615A EP 87104615 A EP87104615 A EP 87104615A EP 0244626 A1 EP0244626 A1 EP 0244626A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- electrode
- drying
- masonry
- desalination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920006112 polar polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyphenylenes Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019714 Nb2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021541 Vanadium(III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001034 iron oxide pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
- E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2201/00—Type of materials to be protected by cathodic protection
- C23F2201/02—Concrete, e.g. reinforced
Definitions
- the invention relates to electrodes based on thermoplastic macromolecular materials and conductive non-metallic additives and the use thereof.
- Electrodes are used for various electrochemical purposes, especially in aqueous media, e.g. for the electrochemical synthesis of substances, for electrolysis, for measuring purposes or as sensors or in galvanic cells for storing electrical energy.
- Electrodes There are no electrodes known which can be produced with thermoplastic processing methods (e.g. extrusion or injection molding) from mixtures of thermoplastic macromolecular materials with conductive non-metallic additives and which are stable under electrolysis conditions (cf. e.g. D. Kyriacon and D. Jannakondakis, "Electrocatalysis for Organic Synthesis ", New York 1986).
- thermoplastic processing methods e.g. extrusion or injection molding
- electrolysis conditions cf. e.g. D. Kyriacon and D. Jannakondakis, "Electrocatalysis for Organic Synthesis ", New York 1986.
- a particularly interesting application for such electrodes under complex electrolytic conditions is electrical processes for removing capillary moisture in masonry. The capillary moisture and salinization of masonry as well as the corrosion of reinforced concrete is a serious economic and conservation problem.
- EP-OS 100 845 and AT-OS 3101/82 network-like, conductive coated carbon fiber electrode: network quickly loses electrical contact with the electrode, which is also removed at short notice); M.W. Tenge, DE-OS 27 06 172 and 27 06 193, 27 05 814, 27 05 813 and 25 03 670 (soot-filled PTFE electrode; with ⁇ 2 V too low working voltage, poor contact with the masonry, very low conductivity).
- the synthetic macromolecular material A is polar and stable with respect to the electrolysis medium, ie hydrolysis and especially oxidation stable in aqueous media.
- the material can be processed thermoplastically and can, but need not, be crosslinkable.
- macromolecular electrode component A polar substances, in particular EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), CPE (chlorinated polyethylene), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), in particular Polyether polyurethane, hard and soft PVC (polyvinyl chloride), NBR (nitrile rubber), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer), SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), fluoroelastomers or mixtures of such substances have proven successful. They should be able to be wetted well by the electrolysis medium, but not be swollen, dissolved or (eg hydrolytically) decomposed.
- the conductive additives B are non-metallic; on the one hand, they can modify the material in a conductive manner, on the other hand, they can build up a potential during use (e.g. measured against a reference electrode before or after a certain period of operation) without significantly affecting the system's operability.
- Mixtures of a) so-called conductive carbon black (electrically conductive carbon black with a surface area of more than 600 m 2 / g) and / or carbon fibers and / or intrinsically conductive polymers with b) carbon black of lower conductivity with a surface area of less than 600 m 2 come as conductive additives B. / g, graphite, intrinsically conductive polymers (in complexed or compensated form) or transition metal oxides.
- intrinsically conductive polymers e.g. To name polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyphenylenes, polyanilines, polythiophenes, polyphthalocyanines and other polymers with conjugated ⁇ -electron systems. These conductive polymers can also form component B alone.
- metal oxides e.g. Fe (II) / Fe (III) mixed oxides, MnO2, V2O3, Nb2O3 and others into consideration, that is to say those in which the transition metal can be converted into a higher, likewise stable oxidation state.
- the conductive additives B are mixed in concentrations of 3 to 75% by weight, preferably 8 to 55% by weight, with 25 to 97, preferably 45 to 92% by weight of component A. If B is a mixture of conductive and potential stabilizing substances, they are used in weight ratios of 1: 4 to 4: 1.
- the specific resistance preferred for use as electrodes is below 104 ⁇ cm, preferably below 103 ⁇ cm, particularly preferably below 2. 102 ⁇ cm.
- the electrode material is produced on commercially available plastic processing machines such as twin-screw extruders, internal mixers or the like using conventional processing aids such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.
- the mass obtained is granulated or directly transformed into the later electrode shape (foils, plates, profiles, etc.).
- the electrodes are used in a variety of processes, e.g. as sensors, as electrodes for electrolytic oxidation or reduction, for electrocatalysis, for dewatering - e.g. of masonry, sludge, peat and the like - for desalination or corrosion protection.
- Electrodes were tested with 6 V DC voltage in aqueous NaCl solution. It was found that the current flow drops rapidly with graphite electrodes, and likewise with carbon fiber electrodes. Metal electrodes are consumed. Carbon-filled polymer electrodes made of e.g. cross-linked polyethylene, which contain a metal core, apparently always have contact problems and ultimately break down the metal core through a weak point; wetting by the electrolysis medium is poor.
- the electrodes according to the invention surprisingly display a completely different behavior: after an initially constant current, the current flow increases by up to 50%, then drops slightly and stabilizes at least at the initial level, but often between the initial and the maximum level.
- the initial current is essentially determined by the resistance of the electrodes and is therefore higher for the carbon fiber.
- a comparable end resistance possibly only the outermost surface of the electrode according to the invention is changed, which simulates a higher resistance due to contact problems, while the internal resistance remains at the original level
- the electrode according to the invention shows a current which is more than 10 times higher is even higher than the baseline.
- the electrodes are placed in a flat form, e.g. in the form of foils or plates. Foils that have been punched out (to facilitate plastering) have proven effective for drying walls.
- the foils are e.g. contacted by welding; these conductors can run inside the masonry, as can the contact point in the masonry (e.g. plaster); the contact between the voltage generator and the conductor must be outside the masonry with protection against moisture.
- Direct and alternating voltages of the required size can be used to operate the electrodes.
- use is preferably made between 4 and 48V, and pulsed DC voltage can be used to limit the current flow at voltages of more than 6V.
- Another anode consisted of PVC and 40% polyaniline hydrochloride (No. 6), the cathode made of PVC, 40% polyaniline and 8% conductive carbon black.
- a carbon fiber find (No. 7) is used as a further comparison electrode.
- the electrodes are attached in an electrolysis vessel in spatially separate but electrolytically connected cylinders, the aqueous solution (2g NaCl / 100g H2O) only half covering the electrodes, so that the electrodes can be contacted with welded metal wires outside the electrolysis medium.
- the cylinders have a valve at the top, so that gases can be periodically released during electrolysis.
- Example 2 In a long-term test, three electrode compositions composed according to the invention were used as anode and cathode in an aqueous electrolysis according to Example 2. All electrodes contained conductive carbon black (Ketjenblack EC) as component Ba in soft PVC. No. 1 and No. 2 contained as component Bb graphite, No. 3 the mixed oxide of Example 2. The current profile is shown in FIG. 5 (not standardized on the electrode area).
- conductive carbon black Ketjenblack EC
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87104615T ATE47529T1 (de) | 1986-03-27 | 1987-03-27 | Elektrode sowie deren verwendung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863610388 DE3610388A1 (de) | 1986-03-27 | 1986-03-27 | Stabile elektroden auf basis makromolekularer werkstoffe und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung |
| DE3610388 | 1986-03-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0244626A1 true EP0244626A1 (fr) | 1987-11-11 |
| EP0244626B1 EP0244626B1 (fr) | 1989-10-25 |
Family
ID=6297415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87104615A Expired EP0244626B1 (fr) | 1986-03-27 | 1987-03-27 | Electrode et son application |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4806212A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0244626B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE47529T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE3610388A1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2011275B3 (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3000319T3 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0333700A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-15 | 1989-09-20 | Steininger, Karl-Heinz, Dipl.-Ing.Dr.techn. | Electrode |
| EP0421881A1 (fr) * | 1989-10-05 | 1991-04-10 | Electricite De France | Matériau conducteur pour électrode, composant électrique et leur procédé de fabrication |
| WO1998020331A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-14 | Cambridge Sensors Limited | Electrodes et leur utilisation dans des dosages |
| EP2184316A1 (fr) | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-12 | Clariant International Ltd. | Composition comportant des cires de propylène-oléfine-copolymère et charbon noir |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3943420A1 (de) * | 1989-12-30 | 1991-07-04 | Zipperling Kessler & Co | Verfahren zur herstellung von antistatisch bzw. elektrisch leitfaehig ausgeruesteten polymeren zusammensetzungen |
| US5476612A (en) * | 1989-12-30 | 1995-12-19 | Zipperling Kessler & Co., (Gmbh & Co.). | Process for making antistatic or electrically conductive polymer compositions |
| DE4024268A1 (de) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-02-06 | Lehmann & Voss & Co | Elektrisch leitfaehiges kunststoffelement und seine verwendung |
| JPH0489561A (ja) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-03-23 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | クーロメトリック型電気化学検出器用電極 |
| US5955834A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-09-21 | The Ohio State University | Light emitting devices utilizing high work function electrodes |
| US6623870B1 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 2003-09-23 | The Ohio State University | Electroluminescence in light emitting polymers featuring deaggregated polymers |
| US6323659B1 (en) | 1998-04-29 | 2001-11-27 | General Electric Company | Material for improved sensitivity of stray field electrodes |
| GB2352993B (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2003-12-24 | Clive Alan Francis | Blade sharpener |
| DE10058507A1 (de) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-06-06 | Dutkewitz Wolfgang | Vorrichtung zum induzierten, gerichteten Molekül- und Ionentransport in nichtkapillaren sowie insbesondere kapillaren Stoffen mittels dispergierter Elektroden und netzunabhängiger Solarstromversorgung (Sicco-Plan-System) |
| MX2008014300A (es) * | 2006-05-08 | 2008-11-26 | Siemens Water Tech Corp | Aparato electrolitico con electrodo polimerico y metodos de preparacion y uso. |
| DE102007062504A1 (de) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Horn GmbH Fabrik für Metall-, Silicon-, und Teflonverarbeitung | Körperelektrode |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1229318A (fr) * | 1958-07-04 | 1960-09-06 | South African Council Scientif | Matériaux à hautes conductivités électrique et thermique et haute inertie chimique, leurs produits de moulage et procédé pour les fabriquer |
| DE2549083A1 (de) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-05-05 | Hans Prof Dr Meier | Verfahren zur herstellung von sauerstoffelektroden, insbesondere fuer brennstoffzellen |
| DE2722985A1 (de) * | 1977-05-20 | 1978-11-23 | Inst Cercetari Constructi | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trockenlegung und trockenhaltung unterirdischer bauwerke bzw. bauwerksteile durch elektrodraenage |
| US4265727A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-05-05 | Hitco | Composite electrodes |
| US4447505A (en) * | 1980-12-13 | 1984-05-08 | Electrochemische Energieconversie, N.V. | Fuel cell electrode |
| DE3413303A1 (de) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-11-08 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau | Kathodischer, gas- und fluessigkeitsdurchlaessiger stromkollektor |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4254727A (en) * | 1959-12-30 | 1981-03-10 | Moeller Kurt G F | Shock-crush subfoundation |
| AT238417B (de) * | 1962-02-19 | 1965-02-10 | Curt Ing Meisel-Krone | Elektrode für die Entfeuchtung bzw. Trockenlegung von Mauerwerk |
| DE2040510C3 (de) * | 1970-08-14 | 1980-03-06 | Dr. Karl Thomae Gmbh, 7950 Biberach | Oxazole- und Thiazole eckige Klammer auf 5,4-d] azepin- Derivate |
| DE2705813A1 (de) * | 1975-01-29 | 1978-08-17 | Tenge Hans Werner | Anlagen fuer die durchfuehrung elektro- physikalischer verfahren zur beeinflussung von fluessigkeiten in und an feststoffen |
| DE2706193A1 (de) * | 1975-01-29 | 1978-08-17 | Tenge Hans Werner | Anordnung von elektroden bei elektro- physikalischen verfahren |
| DE2503670C2 (de) * | 1975-01-29 | 1982-06-16 | Hans-Werner 8025 Unterhaching Tenge | Verfahren zur Beschleunigung oder Unterbindung und Umkehr der natürlichen Bewegung von Flüssigkeiten in Feststoffen mit poröser und/oder semipermeabler Struktur und Elektroden zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE2705814A1 (de) * | 1975-01-29 | 1978-08-17 | Tenge Hans Werner | Verfahren zur elektro-kinetischen bzw. elektro-osmotischen bewegung von polaren bzw. polarisierten fluessigkeiten in und an poroesen und/oder semipermeablen feststoffen |
| US4534889A (en) * | 1976-10-15 | 1985-08-13 | Raychem Corporation | PTC Compositions and devices comprising them |
| IT1122385B (it) * | 1979-08-01 | 1986-04-23 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Elettrodo per celle elettrochimiche ad elettrolita solido |
| KR830007884A (ko) * | 1980-10-31 | 1983-11-07 | 앤 시이 헤릭크 | 삼층으로 적층된 메트릭스 전극 |
| AT375709B (de) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-09-10 | Oppitz Hans | Verfahren zur elektroosmotischen trockenlegung von mauerwerk od. dgl. |
| DD234997A3 (de) * | 1983-10-04 | 1986-04-23 | Adw Ddr | Elektrodenanordnung zur elektrochemischen entsalzung undtrocknung von mauerwerk |
| GB2169608B (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1988-02-24 | Hoechst Gosei Kk | Process for producting electrically conductive composite polymer article |
-
1986
- 1986-03-27 DE DE19863610388 patent/DE3610388A1/de active Granted
-
1987
- 1987-03-27 EP EP87104615A patent/EP0244626B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1987-03-27 DE DE8787104615T patent/DE3760843D1/de not_active Expired
- 1987-03-27 ES ES87104615T patent/ES2011275B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-27 US US07/031,849 patent/US4806212A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-27 AT AT87104615T patent/ATE47529T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-01-23 GR GR90400038T patent/GR3000319T3/el unknown
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| FR1229318A (fr) * | 1958-07-04 | 1960-09-06 | South African Council Scientif | Matériaux à hautes conductivités électrique et thermique et haute inertie chimique, leurs produits de moulage et procédé pour les fabriquer |
| DE2549083A1 (de) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-05-05 | Hans Prof Dr Meier | Verfahren zur herstellung von sauerstoffelektroden, insbesondere fuer brennstoffzellen |
| DE2722985A1 (de) * | 1977-05-20 | 1978-11-23 | Inst Cercetari Constructi | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trockenlegung und trockenhaltung unterirdischer bauwerke bzw. bauwerksteile durch elektrodraenage |
| US4265727A (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-05-05 | Hitco | Composite electrodes |
| US4447505A (en) * | 1980-12-13 | 1984-05-08 | Electrochemische Energieconversie, N.V. | Fuel cell electrode |
| DE3413303A1 (de) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-11-08 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau | Kathodischer, gas- und fluessigkeitsdurchlaessiger stromkollektor |
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| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Band 92, Nr. 12, 24. März 1980, Seite 278, Zusammenfassung Nr. 98602v, Columbus, Ohio, US; & PL-A-99 115 (POLITECHNIKA WROCLAWSKA) 30-10-1978 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0333700A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-15 | 1989-09-20 | Steininger, Karl-Heinz, Dipl.-Ing.Dr.techn. | Electrode |
| EP0421881A1 (fr) * | 1989-10-05 | 1991-04-10 | Electricite De France | Matériau conducteur pour électrode, composant électrique et leur procédé de fabrication |
| FR2652943A1 (fr) * | 1989-10-05 | 1991-04-12 | Electricite De France | Materiau conducteur pour electrode, composant electrique et leur procede de fabrication. |
| WO1998020331A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-14 | Cambridge Sensors Limited | Electrodes et leur utilisation dans des dosages |
| US6309535B1 (en) | 1996-11-07 | 2001-10-30 | Cambridge Sensors Limited | Electrodes and their use in assays |
| EP2184316A1 (fr) | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-12 | Clariant International Ltd. | Composition comportant des cires de propylène-oléfine-copolymère et charbon noir |
| US8741183B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2014-06-03 | Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited | Compositions comprising propylene-olefin-copolymer waxes and carbon black |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2011275B3 (es) | 1990-01-01 |
| DE3610388A1 (de) | 1987-10-01 |
| EP0244626B1 (fr) | 1989-10-25 |
| US4806212A (en) | 1989-02-21 |
| ATE47529T1 (de) | 1989-11-15 |
| DE3760843D1 (en) | 1989-11-30 |
| GR3000319T3 (en) | 1991-06-07 |
| DE3610388C2 (fr) | 1987-12-23 |
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