CN112021125B - Simple cotton cultivation method suitable for Dongting lake cotton area - Google Patents
Simple cotton cultivation method suitable for Dongting lake cotton area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple cotton cultivation method suitable for a Dongting lake cotton area, which is realized by variety selection, sowing time, planting density, fertilization, pest and disease damage and weed prevention and control, topping, chemical ripening acceleration and harvesting. The method greatly reduces the management time and labor of the cotton field, improves the cotton planting density to realize high yield, ensures ventilation and light transmission in the field by reducing the number of holes of the cotton field, prevents boll mildew and rot and ensures the quality of cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cotton cultivation method, in particular to a simple cotton cultivation method suitable for a Dongting lake cotton area, and belongs to the technical field of simple cotton cultivation.
Background
The Dongting lake cotton area has abundant sunshine, warm climate, fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage foundation, is very suitable for cotton growth, and is an important commercial cotton production base in China. In recent years, with the development of social economy, a great deal of rural labor is transferred, so that the labor resources in Hunan and China are in short supply, the labor price is increased, the cotton planting income is reduced, the cotton planting enthusiasm of cotton farmers is frustrated, and the premature senility of cotton is aggravated year by year. In order to solve the planting dilemma of cotton areas in Dongting lakes, in recent years, mechanical direct seeding cultivation matching technology research of cotton is actively carried out in Hunan, and after application, although the labor input is reduced to some extent, the cultivation density is also improved to some extent (the highest is 6000 plants/mu), the field ventilation and light transmission are relatively poor, cotton bolls are easy to rot and rot, thinning is needed, and the like, so that the problems are not solved, the yield is low, the cost is high, and the healthy sustainable development of the Hunan cotton industry is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a simple cotton cultivation method suitable for a Dongting lake cotton area, and integrates a simple cotton cultivation technology of 'zero pruning/chemical control (shrinkage amine), primary weeding, secondary fertilization, three grains per hole, four pest control, May sowing, six hundred yield, seventy plant height, eight workers, nine bolls and November flower harvesting' through system research so as to meet the cotton production requirement of the Dongting lake cotton area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a simple cotton cultivation method suitable for a Dongting lake cotton area is realized by the following specific aspects:
(1) variety selection: selecting a cotton variety which has good insect resistance, earliness, high yield, close planting resistance and passes the approval of provincial level or above;
(2) sowing time: timely sowing cotton after the rape or wheat is harvested, wherein the sowing period is not later than 5 months and 31 days;
(3) planting density: planting row spacing is 70cm, digging holes according to 3000 holes/mu, and sowing 3 robust seeds in each hole;
(4) fertilizing: applying fertilizer twice in the whole growth period of cotton, and applying 35-40 kg of compound fertilizer together, wherein the first application is ditching application in the full-bloom period, and the fertilizer amount accounts for 60% -70%; the second fertilization is the ridge surface broadcasting fertilization in the autumn peach period, and the fertilizing amount accounts for 30-40%;
(5) pest and disease damage and weed prevention and control: from 20 days in 7 months, the conventional pest and disease control is carried out once every 10 to 15 days, and the control is carried out for 4 times in the whole growth period of cotton; for weed control, a special herbicide for cotton is used for chemical weeding for 1 time in a seedling stage, and limited sunlight can only be irradiated on ridge surfaces due to row sealing of cotton in a bud stage and a flower-bell stage, so that weed growth is not facilitated, and prevention and control are not needed;
(6) topping: topping when the plant height reaches 70cm, and controlling the plant height;
(7) chemical ripening: before and after 10 months and 1 day, the thidiazuron and ethephon are added with 15kg of water for chemical defoliation and ripening;
(8) harvesting: the flower harvesting is finished once before 10 months and 20 days.
Further, the cotton was sown at a depth of 2.0 cm.
Further, in the cotton boll setting period, controlling the single plant to boll 9, wherein each plant of the cotton bolls which are normally bolled is not less than 7.
Further, after the cotton is harvested, rape is sown before the end of 10 months or wheat is sown in the first ten days of 11 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional planting mode of seedling raising and cotton transplanting in nutrition pots in a Dongting lake cotton area, the method has the advantages that the labor and the cost are obviously saved, the labor per mu of cotton production can be reduced to 8 from 18-21, and the labor per mu can be saved by 10-13 on average; moreover, by reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the production cost is saved, and the requirements of modern agricultural production on resource saving and environmental friendliness are met;
(2) compared with direct cotton planting modes in other areas of the Yangtze river basin cotton area, the invention provides a planting mode of 3 thinning-free seedlings in each hole, the final harvest density is 8500-9000 plants/mu, and the low-rate application and the late application of fertilizers are combined, so that the cotton planting density is improved, the cotton field yield is ensured (calculated by 5.0g of single boll, the yield target is more than 6 ten thousand effective bolls per mu, 600 jin of seed cotton per mu is produced), the ventilation and light transmission in the field are ensured by reducing the number of cotton field holes, the boll mildew and rot of cotton are prevented, and the cotton quality is ensured;
(3) compared with direct cotton planting modes in other domestic areas such as a northwest inland cotton area, a yellow river basin cotton area and the like, the invention provides zero chemical control (mepiquat chloride), the cotton plant type and the growth vigor are adjusted and controlled by methods such as densification, fertilizer control and the like, the cotton is prevented from growing vigorously, and pruning and chemical control (mepiquat chloride) are avoided in the whole process;
(4) by the method, the whole growth period of the cotton is reduced from 270 days (4-11 months) to 150 days (5-10 months), and the management time and labor of the cotton field are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the 24-Ri Xiang FZ001 planted in the gulf base of the research institute of Cotton science in Hunan province in 2019, 7.7.M.;
FIG. 2 shows the planting performance of 12 Rixiang FZ001 in 8 Yue in 2019 in the gulf base of the research institute of Cotton science in Hunan province;
FIG. 3 shows the growth of Xiang FZ001, 10.9.2019, in the Bay base of Cotton science research institute, Hunan province.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, which are not specified under specific conditions, were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
Example one
The simple and easy cotton cultivation method suitable for the Dongting lake cotton area is realized by the following specific aspects:
(1) variety selection: selecting cotton varieties which have good insect resistance, early maturity, high yield and are resistant to close planting and pass the approval of provincial level, preferably selecting transgenic insect-resistant and disease-resistant varieties, wherein the seed quality meets the regulation of GB 4407.1;
(2) sowing time: timely sowing cotton after the rape or wheat is harvested, wherein the sowing period is no later than 5 months and 31 days, and the sowing depth is about 2.0 cm;
(3) planting density: the planting row spacing is preferably 70cm, the plant spacing is adjusted according to the land fertility level, land blocks with medium land fertility are planted by digging holes according to 3000 holes/mu, 3 robust seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing density is 9000 plants/mu, the seedling rate is not lower than 95%, and thinning is avoided; finally, the harvest density is 8500-9000 plants/mu, and the advantage of the existing single plant is changed into the advantage of the group;
(4) fertilizing: applying fertilizer twice in the whole growth period of cotton, and applying 35-40 kg of compound fertilizer together, wherein the first application is ditching application in the full-bloom period, and the fertilizer amount accounts for 60% -70%; the second fertilization is the ridge surface broadcasting fertilization in the autumn peach period, and the fertilizing amount accounts for 30-40%;
(5) pest and disease damage and weed prevention and control: enhancing insect pest prediction from 7 months and 20 days, controlling insect pests once every 10-15 days, and controlling the cotton for 4 times in the whole growth period; for weed control, a special herbicide for cotton is used for chemical weeding for 1 time in a seedling stage, and limited sunlight can only be irradiated on ridge surfaces due to row sealing of cotton in a bud stage and a flower-bell stage, so that weed growth is not facilitated, and prevention and control are not needed;
(6) topping: topping when the plant height reaches 70cm, and controlling the plant height so as to facilitate mechanized harvesting;
(7) controlling the boll number of a single plant: controlling the single plant to boll 9 in the cotton boll setting period, wherein each plant of the cotton bolls which are normally bolled is not less than 7;
(8) chemical ripening: before and after 10 months and 1 day, 30/mu of thidiazuron and 60 ml/mu of ethephon are added with 15kg of water for chemical defoliation and ripening;
(9) harvesting: the flower harvesting is finished once before 10 months and 20 days. The existing cotton cultivation technology in the Dongting lake cotton area mainly exerts the advantages of single plants, the planting density is low (1000-1200 plants/mu), the single plants are more bolls (40-60 bolls/mu), the boll opening period is long (8-11 months), and cotton growers are long in flower harvesting time, low in efficiency and more in labor. The invention realizes the centralized boll formation and boll opening by reducing the technologies of single plant boll formation, chemical defoliation and ripening and the like, finishes flower harvesting by a picking machine or manpower in one step before 10 months and 20 days, and then seeds rapes before 10 months or seeds wheat in the last ten days of 11 months.
Aiming at the invention, field experiments are carried out, which specifically comprise the following steps:
24 am in 5.2019, Changde City Hunan province cotton scientific research institute, the gulf base, no-tillage direct seeding, selection of transgenic insect-resistant, early-maturing, high-yield, dense planting-resistant conventional cotton variety XiangFZ 001, previously planted with 5 mu area of rape. Sowing 3176 holes (row spacing: 30cm × 70 cm) per mu, 3 grains per hole, and sowing 2 jin per mu;
chemical weeding is carried out by using a special herbicide (quizalofop-p-ethyl) for cotton in the gulf base of the cotton scientific research institute in Hunan province of the ancient city, 7 months and 15 am in 2019;
in 20 pm 7/2019, Changde City, Hunan province of Cotton science research institute, Mayowan base, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and pyrethrum extract are used for preventing and treating insect pests such as cotton red spider, cotton plant bug and the like;
in 25 am of 7 months and 25 days in 2019, Changde City, Hunan province of Cotton science research institute, Mao Bay base, ditching and applying and burying compound fertilizer (N-P) in each mu2O5-K2O=15-15-15）20kg；
In 31 pm 7/2019, Changde City, Hunan province of Cotton science research institute, Mayowan base, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and pyrethrum extract are used for preventing and treating insect pests such as cotton plant bug, cotton leafhopper, prodenia litura and the like;
14 am in 8 months and 14 days in 2019, the Changde city, Hunan province of Cotton science research institute, Daowan base;
in the morning of 8 and 15 months in 2019, in the Ministry of cotton science research institute, Feulwan base, Hunan province in Changdu city, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are used for preventing and treating insect pests such as cotton leafhoppers, cotton bollworms, prodenia litura, cotton plant bugs and the like;
in the morning of 30 am in 8 months and in 2019, Changde City, Hunan province of Cotton science research institute, Maoyan base, the ridge surface of which is broadcast with compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O=15-15-15）15kg；
In the afternoon of 9 months and 1 day in 2019, in the gulf base of cotton science research institute in Hunan province of Changde city, insect pests such as cotton leafhopper, cotton bollworm and the like are prevented and treated by using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution;
in 28 pm of 9 months and 28 days in 2019, the Festuca bay base of cotton scientific research institute in Hunan province of Changde City in Changde City of Changde City, which utilizes 30/mu of thidiazuron and 60 ml/mu of ethephon to be mixed with 15kg of water for chemical defoliation and ripening;
10/8/pm in 2019, the gulf base of cotton scientific research institute, hunan province, changde city, Hunan province, field investigation: the harvest density per mu is 8251 plants, 9.1 single plants can be bolled, and 7.5 ten thousand bolls per mu;
in 18 th afternoon in 10 th in 2019, Changde city Hunan province of cotton science research institute in gulf base, flowers are collected manually at one time, and the average yield of seed cotton per mu is 619 jin.
Claims (3)
1. A simple cotton cultivation method suitable for a Dongting lake cotton area is characterized by being realized through the following aspects:
(1) variety selection: selecting a cotton variety which has good insect resistance, earliness, high yield, close planting resistance and passes the approval of provincial level or above;
(2) sowing time: timely sowing cotton after the rape or wheat is harvested, wherein the sowing period is not later than 5 months and 31 days;
(3) planting density: planting row spacing is 70cm, digging holes according to 3000 holes/mu, sowing 3 robust seeds in each hole, and sowing the cotton with the depth of 2.0 cm;
(4) fertilizing: applying fertilizer twice in the whole growth period of cotton, and applying 35-40 kg of compound fertilizer together, wherein the first application is ditching application in the full-bloom period, and the fertilizer amount accounts for 60% -70%; the second fertilization is the ridge surface broadcasting fertilization in the autumn peach period, and the fertilizing amount accounts for 30-40%;
(5) pest and disease damage and weed prevention and control: from 20 days in 7 months, the conventional pest and disease control is carried out once every 10 to 15 days, and the control is carried out for 4 times in the whole growth period of cotton; for weed control, a special herbicide for cotton is used for chemical weeding for 1 time in a seedling stage, and limited sunlight can only be irradiated on ridge surfaces due to row sealing of cotton in a bud stage and a flower-bell stage, so that weed growth is not facilitated, and prevention and control are not needed;
(6) topping: topping when the plant height reaches 70cm, and controlling the plant height;
(7) chemical ripening: before and after 10 months and 1 day, the thidiazuron and ethephon are added with 15kg of water for chemical defoliation and ripening;
(8) harvesting: the flower harvesting is finished once before 10 months and 20 days.
2. The simplified cotton cultivation method in the suitable Dongting lake cotton area as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the cotton boll-forming period, the control unit controls 9 bolls to be formed on a single plant, wherein the number of effective bolls in normal bolling is not less than 7 per plant.
3. The simple cotton cultivation method suitable for the Dongting lake cotton area according to claim 2, wherein after the cotton is harvested, rape is sown before the bottom of 10 months or wheat is sown in the first ten days of 11 months.
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