CN111316877B - Cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method - Google Patents
Cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316877B CN111316877B CN202010126226.1A CN202010126226A CN111316877B CN 111316877 B CN111316877 B CN 111316877B CN 202010126226 A CN202010126226 A CN 202010126226A CN 111316877 B CN111316877 B CN 111316877B
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- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
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- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving yield of cassava by lodging resistance, which comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, selection of lodging-resistant varieties, seed cutting and placing, planting, field management, seedling control and dwarfing, application of strong potato fertilizer and the like. The method is strong in practicability and good in controllability, and effectively solves the problem that the cassava planted in the coastal areas in Guangxi is affected by natural disasters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for lodging resistance and yield increase of cassava.
Background
Cassava (the scientific name: Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of three potato crops in the world, originates from the tropical Amazon river basin, is a non-grain biomass energy crop, is not only staple food for hundreds of millions of people in the world, but also one of raw materials for producing starch and processing fuel ethanol, and has extremely high economic value.
In China, lodging has become a main reason for limiting high and stable yield of cassava, and factors causing the lodging of the cassava are more, such as improper density, improper fertilization and the like, or the selected plant variety lacks lodging resistance and the like. The south China is a main production area for cassava planting in China, most of the cassava planting belong to coastal areas, and the cassava planting is almost affected by typhoon or strong wind caused by strong convection every year. Cassava belongs to high-stem crops, the root system is shallow, and in high-temperature and rainy seasons in summer, the cassava generally grows fast in a vigorous and long period, so that the tissue of the stems is fragile, and the lodging phenomenon is easily caused in windy and heavy rainy days. The cassava falls over at the early growth stage, the yield can be reduced by more than 60%, the cassava falls over at the middle and later stages, the yield can be reduced by 10-50%, and the cassava is produced in China due to severe wind damage.
The cassava planting mode is different according to different conditions, and the cassava planting mode comprises three modes of flat placement, oblique insertion and direct insertion. Laying: the seed stems are approximately horizontally arranged and buried in the planting ditches or planting holes, the potato seedlings can bear potatoes around and are horizontally distributed, high yield is easily obtained, but the seed stems are completely buried in the soil, so the ventilation is poor, the germination is difficult, plant deficiency is easily caused, and in addition, the wind resistance is poor, and the potato seedlings are suitable for being planted in places with shallow and thin surface soil, looseness and heavy bottom soil; oblique insertion: 2/3 with the length of the seed stem and the ground form an angle of 15-45 degrees to be embedded into the planting ditch or the planting hole, the seedling emergence is fast, the seedling emergence rate is high, the harvest is high, but the potato bearing extends in one direction, the wind resistance is not high, and the potato bearing is suitable for being used in places with high humidity and ridging; direct cutting: 2/3 of seed stems is vertically inserted into soil, only 1/3 is left to expose surface soil, the seedlings emerge early and orderly, potatoes grow more but unevenly, the seedlings are deeply inserted, wind and drought resistance is good, harvesting is difficult, labor is more, and the method is suitable for being adopted under the conditions of deep soil and ridge forming.
Although the cassava planting is extensive, high yield, high quality and high efficiency are obtained, field management must be regarded, and good environment can be manufactured to the maximum extent according to the biological characteristics and requirements of the cassava. At present, a cultivation method which is not only resistant to lodging but also capable of achieving high yield does not exist, so that a cassava cultivation method which can resist the lodging and ensure that the cassava can be efficiently increased in yield needs to be explored, the problem of wind damage and yield reduction in the current cassava production in China is solved, the high-yield cassava cultivation is realized, and the purposes of increasing the yield and income are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the yield of cassava by preventing lodging, which mainly adopts a wide-narrow row cultivation mode, selects high-branch or upright lodging-resistant cassava varieties, combines a series of measures such as chemical dwarfing and scientific fertilization, and ensures that excessively high stems are not easy to grow in the growth period of cassava planting, thereby improving the lodging-resistant capability of the cassava, being not easy to be blown down by typhoon, realizing the high-yield cultivation of the cassava and achieving the purposes of increasing the yield and income.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting flat or gentle hilly areas with general soil fertility, planting the hilly areas in sunny and sufficiently-lighted areas, avoiding planting in too-fertile dry lands and paddy fields to the greatest extent, carrying out full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing when soil preparation is carried out, wherein the deep plowing depth is 25-30 cm, and excavating planting ditches after leveling;
(2) selecting lodging-resistant varieties: selecting a lodging-resistant variety or strain with medium-early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick and strong stem, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root system;
(3) seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright in color, free of damage to skin buds and free of diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds, preferably, the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm, 1-3 bud points are provided, soaking and coating triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, placing the seeds in a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while avoiding long-time placement, causing water loss of the seed stems and influencing seedling emergence;
(4) planting: placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film;
(5) field management: replanting the deficient plants 15-20 days after planting; 30-40 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches 50-60 days after planting;
(6) controlling and dwarfing seedlings: controlling overground seedling spindly growth in the growth middle stage of the cassava 6-8 months, and spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of wetting without dripping water; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride water, and the concentration of chlormequat chloride is 0.2-0.5%;
(7) applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria to the cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to 8 months, and spraying a foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 1-2% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the concentration of 0.001-0.003% of compound phthalein nucleic acid to the cassava in the later growth period of 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 200-250 mL/plant.
Preferably, the lodging-resistant variety is southern planting 199, south China 205 and Osmanthus reclamation 09-11.
Preferably, in the step (4), a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals is adopted for planting, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 725-877 plants/mu, and the height of the culture soil is 5-8 cm.
Preferably, in the compound fertilizer I, the farmyard manure is fermented chicken manure or cow manure, and the application amount is 400-700 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 15-20%, and the application amount is 20-22 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 8-15 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 5-8 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.5-1 kg/mu.
Preferably, the dwarfing agent further comprises 0.05-0.1% of prohexadione calcium, 0.03-0.05% of complex phthalein nucleic acid and 0.03-0.08% of potassium polyglutamate.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the application amount of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 15-20 kg/mu, the application amount of the potassium sulfate or the potassium chloride is 35-40 kg/mu, the application amount of the bone meal calcium is 10-15 kg/mu, the application amount of the fulvic acid is 3-5 kg/mu, the application amount of the humic acid is 1-2 kg/mu, and the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.3-0.8 kg/mu; and (3) dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the two equal parts to the two ends of the seed stem at one time, and respectively and uniformly mixing the two equal parts with soil at the two ends of the seed stem.
Preferably, in the step (6), the controlling of the above-ground seedlings comprises: removing newly-grown redundant branches of the young cassava trees in time to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling seedlings when the height of the cassava trees exceeds 1.5-1.8 m.
Preferably, in step (7), from the end of 6 months to 8 months, the method further comprises the step of applying pure N and K2O, potato bearing fertilizer.
Preferably, the potato-bearing fertilizer is urea and potash fertilizer, the amount of the urea is 8-12 kg/mu, the amount of the potash fertilizer is 16-20 kg/mu, the fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, the fertilizer is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem.
Preferably, the triazole fungicide is any one of triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole and propiconazole, and the concentration is 1-3%.
The fertilizer has the following effects of part of raw materials:
earthworm cast: a black, homogeneous, finely divided material with a natural earthy taste, having good porosity, air permeability, drainage and high water holding capacity, the tiny particles being able to help promote the soil to come into contact with air as much as possible, loosen the soil, enable many beneficial microorganisms to survive, and have the ability to absorb and retain nutrients; the earthworm feces is rich in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and the microorganisms not only mineralize complex substances into effective substances which are easy to be absorbed by plants, but also synthesize a series of substances with biological activity, such as sugar, amino acid, vitamins and the like, so that the plants grow robustly.
Beneficial bacteria: the beneficial bacteria can promote the absorption of the applied fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and the like by the plants and indirectly promote the plants to grow robustly.
Fulvic acid: can activate hardened soil and promote the development of plant root system and stem and leaf propagation; can form organic chelating trace elements with metal ions such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, calcium and the like, promotes the absorption and utilization of minerals by plants, further improves the stress resistance of the plants and promotes the growth of the plants.
Humic acid: has the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, chelation and the like with metal ions, improves the soil and enhances the absorption of plants to fertilizers.
Chlormequat chloride: the method controls the vegetative growth of plants (namely the growth of roots, stems and leaves), promotes the reproductive growth of plants (namely the growth of flowers and fruits), shortens, strengthens and lodging-resistant internodes of the plants, promotes the color deepening of leaves, enhances the photosynthesis, and improves the fruit setting rate, the drought resistance, the cold resistance and the saline-alkali resistance of the plants.
Prohexadione calcium: the synthesis of gibberellic acid is inhibited through the absorption of plant seeds, root systems and leaf surfaces, the elongation of stems of plants is shortened, the growth of crop nodes is controlled, the stems are thick and strong, the plants are dwarfed, and lodging is reduced and prevented; promoting growth, promoting lateral bud growth and rooting, keeping stem and leaf in dark green, and making leaf stand upright; controlling flowering time, improving fruit setting rate and promoting fruit ripening.
Complex phthalein nucleic acid: the elongation growth of the plants is promoted, the growth of rootstocks and buds is promoted, the seedlings and the grown plants grow rapidly to form strong seedlings and strong plants, and the weight of leaf and stem plants is increased; prolonging leaf aging, and delaying the reduction rate of chlorophyll, protein and protoplasm contents; can be mixed with various acidic or alkaline (pH 4-9) fertilizers and pesticides for use.
Potassium polyglutamate: can promote mineral absorption of plant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, a wide-narrow row cultivation mode is adopted, high-branch or vertical type lodging-resistant cassava varieties are selected, a series of measures such as chemical dwarfing and scientific fertilization are combined, the growth of cassava stems is controlled in an energy-efficient mode, the cassava stems are in a short and thick character, the cassava stems are not prone to growing too high stems in the growth period of cassava planting, the lodging-resistant capacity of the cassava is improved, the cassava stems are not prone to being blown down by typhoon, the lodging situation is greatly reduced, and the probability of the cassava lodging is less than 5%.
(2) The method takes 'early emergence, seedling control and potato strengthening' as main technical measures, has strong practicability and good controllability, can effectively solve the problem that the cassava is influenced by typhoon or strong convection strong wind in coastal areas every year, cultures strong seedlings in the early stage, controls overgrowth of the upper part of the cassava field in the middle stage, improves the yield of cassava varieties in the later stage, improves the continuous comprehensive productivity of soil and the utilization rate of light energy of canopy layers of groups, reduces the height of the cassava by 40-65 cm by adopting the cultivation method, increases the stem thickness by 1.2-1.7 cm, improves the acre yield of fresh cassava by more than 31 percent, realizes high-yield cassava cultivation, and achieves the purposes of increasing both production and income.
(3) The cassava has excellent lodging resistance by combining scientific fertilization with chemical dwarfing:
firstly, a compound fertilizer I consisting of farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and beneficial bacteria is applied during planting, on one hand, the growth of cassava roots can be promoted and the holding power of the roots can be improved by properly increasing the proportion of strong stalk elements such as potassium, calcium and the like, so that the cassava roots are efficient and durable in lodging resistance; on the other hand, the wormcast and the beneficial bacteria are added, so that the soil has strong water absorption and retention capacity, root infection is prevented, the resistance of cassava plants is enhanced, and the lodging of cassava is effectively prevented.
Secondly, the strong potato fertilizer is a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria, on one hand, the growth of the root of cassava can be promoted and the holding power of the root can be improved by properly increasing the proportion of strong stalk elements such as potassium, calcium and the like, so that the cassava is efficient and durable in lodging resistance; on the other hand, the addition of the fulvic acid, the humic acid and the beneficial bacteria can promote the absorption of the cassava to the fertilizer and the growth of plants, improve the soil and improve the stress resistance of the plants, and the components in the fertilizer act together to make the cassava grow healthily and improve the lodging resistance of the cassava fundamentally. In addition, the foliar fertilizer containing dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and compound phthalic acid is sprayed to promote the cassava leaf stalks to be thick and strong.
And the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqueous solution, and also comprises prohexadione calcium, compound phthalein nucleic acid and potassium polyglutamate, and the four substances have obvious synergistic interaction, so that the stem height of the cassava can be obviously shortened, the cassava presents a short and thick character, the lodging resistance of the cassava is improved, the lodging situation is greatly reduced, and the effects of promoting the development of fresh cassava and improving the yield of the cassava are achieved.
(4) The seed stem is 4-5 cm in length and has 1-3 bud points, the seed stem can be effectively prevented from being rotted through the treatment of the bactericide, normal cassava sprouting and growth can be realized when the seed stem is short in length and small in bud amount, and seed stem resources can be saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: the lodging-resistant variety southern planting 199 with medium early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick stems, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root system is selected.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the seed stems are 4-5 cm long and have 1-3 bud points, soaking and coating triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, wherein the triazole bactericide is triadimefon with the concentration of 2%; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals is adopted, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, and the wide row spacing is 120 cm-150 cm, 80 cm-100 cm of narrow row spacing, 60-80 cm of plant spacing, 800 plants/mu of planting density and 5-8 cm of ridging height. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented chicken manure, and the application amount is 550 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 18 percent respectively, and the application amount is 21 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 12 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 6 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.8 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: replanting the plant lack 18 days after planting; sprouting the field 35 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches is carried out 55 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.3%, and also contains prohexadione calcium with concentration of 0.08%, phthalein nucleic acid with concentration of 0.04% and polyglutamic acid potassium with concentration of 0.05%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria on cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 18 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium sulfate is 37 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 13 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 4 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 1.5 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.5 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the compound fertilizer II to the two ends of the seed stems at one time, and respectively and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer II with the soil at the two ends of the seed stems. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer for the potato comprises 10 kg/mu of urea and 18 kg/mu of potash fertilizer, and is divided into two equal parts to be applied to seeds at one timeThe two ends of the stem are respectively and uniformly mixed with the soil at the two ends of the seed stem. And spraying 1.5% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.002% rephthalic acid leaf fertilizer at the late growth stage of the cassava within 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 225 mL/plant.
Comparative example 1
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: the lodging-resistant variety southern planting 199 with medium early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick stems, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root system is selected.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the seed stems are 4-5 cm long and have 1-3 bud points, soaking and coating triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, wherein the triazole bactericide is triadimefon with the concentration of 2%; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: a single-row planting mode is adopted, each row is 70-80 cm multiplied by 100-110 cm, the row spacing is 100-120 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 800 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented chicken manure, and the application amount is 550 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 18 percent respectively, and the application amount is 21 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 12 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 6 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.8 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: replanting the plant lack 18 days after planting; sprouting the field 35 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches is carried out 55 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.3%, and also contains prohexadione calcium with concentration of 0.08%, phthalein nucleic acid with concentration of 0.04% and polyglutamic acid potassium with concentration of 0.05%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria on cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to the bottom of 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 18 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium sulfate is 37 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 13 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 4 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 1.5 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.5 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the compound fertilizer II to the two ends of the seed stems at one time, and respectively and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer II with the soil at the two ends of the seed stems. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem. And spraying 1.5% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.002% rephthalic acid leaf fertilizer at the late growth stage of the cassava within 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 225 mL/plant.
Example 2
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: selecting a lodging-resistant variety south China 205 with medium-early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick and strong stems, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root systems.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm and the seeds have 1-3 bud points, soaking and coating triazole bactericide which is triadimenol and has the concentration of 1.5 percent at two ends of the seed stems; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals is adopted, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 758 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented cow dung, and the application amount is 400 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 20 percent respectively, and the application amount is 20 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 15 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 8 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 1 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: replanting the deficient plants 15 days after planting; 30 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; and (5) weeding among ditches 50 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.5%, and also contains prohexadione calcium with concentration of 0.1%, phthalein nucleic acid with concentration of 0.03% and polyglutamic acid potassium with concentration of 0.08%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium chloride, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria to cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 20 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium chloride is 40 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 15 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 3 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 2 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.8 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the compound fertilizer II to the two ends of the seed stems at one time, and respectively and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer II with the soil at the two ends of the seed stems. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem. And spraying leaf fertilizer with the concentration of 2% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the concentration of 0.001% rephthalic acid at the later growth stage of the cassava within 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/plant.
Comparative example 2
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: selecting a lodging-resistant variety south China 205 with medium-early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick and strong stems, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root systems.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm and the seeds have 1-3 bud points, soaking and coating triazole bactericide which is triadimenol and has the concentration of 1.5 percent at two ends of the seed stems; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: adopting a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals, wherein the wide rows are70-80 cm is adopted, 120-150 cm is adopted, 60-70 cm is adopted for narrow rows, 80-100 cm is adopted for narrow rows, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 815 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting a single row of cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, then uniformly spreading the mixture in the planting furrows, and respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented cow dung, and the application amount is 400 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 20 percent respectively, and the application amount is 20 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 15 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 8 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 1 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: replanting the deficient plants 15 days after planting; 30 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; and (5) weeding among ditches 50 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.5%, and also contains prohexadione calcium with concentration of 0.1%, phthalein nucleic acid with concentration of 0.03% and polyglutamic acid potassium with concentration of 0.08%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium chloride, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria to cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 20 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium chloride is 40 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 15 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 3 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 2 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.8 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the compound fertilizer II to the two ends of the seed stems at one time, and respectively and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer II with the soil at the two ends of the seed stems. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The dosage of urea in the potato-bearing fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, and the dosage of potash fertilizer is 16kg/mu, dividing the fertilizer into two equal parts, applying the fertilizer to the two ends of the seed stem at one time and respectively and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil at the two ends of the seed stem. And spraying leaf fertilizer with the concentration of 2% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the concentration of 0.001% rephthalic acid at the later growth stage of the cassava within 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 200 mL/plant.
Example 3
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: selecting a lodging-resistant variety, namely, the osmanthus fragrans cultivation 09-11, which is early in middle age, short in plant internodes, upright in plant type, thick in stem, upright in leaf, short in leaf and developed in root system.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm and the seeds have 1-3 bud points, soaking and smearing triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, wherein the triazole bactericide is tebuconazole and the concentration of the triazole bactericide is 3%; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals is adopted, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 725 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented chicken manure, and the application amount is 700 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 15 percent respectively, and the application amount is 22 kg/mu; application of calcium fertilizerThe amount is 8 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 5 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.5 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: after 20 days of planting, replanting the deficient plants; sprouting the field 40 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches is carried out 60 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.2%, and also contains prohexadione calcium with concentration of 0.05%, phthalein nucleic acid with concentration of 0.05% and polyglutamic acid potassium with concentration of 0.03%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria on cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 15 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium sulfate is 35 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 10 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 5 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 1 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.3 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the two equal parts at one time to the two ends of the seed stem, and respectively uniformly mixing the two equal parts with the soil at the two ends of the seed stem. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem. And spraying leaf fertilizer with the concentration of 1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the concentration of 0.003% rephthalic acid at the later growth stage of the cassava within 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 250 mL/plant.
Comparative example 3
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: selecting a lodging-resistant variety, namely, the osmanthus fragrans cultivation 09-11, which is early in middle age, short in plant internodes, upright in plant type, thick in stem, upright in leaf, short in leaf and developed in root system.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm and the seeds have 1-3 bud points, soaking and smearing triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, wherein the triazole bactericide is tebuconazole and the concentration of the triazole bactericide is 3%; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals is adopted, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 725 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented chicken manure, and the application amount is 700 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 15 percent respectively, and the application amount is 22 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 8 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 5 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.5 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: after 20 days of planting, replanting the deficient plants; sprouting the field 40 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches is carried out 60 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.2%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria on cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 15 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium sulfate is 35 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 10 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 5 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 1 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.3 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the two equal parts at one time to the two ends of the seed stem, and respectively uniformly mixing the two equal parts with the soil at the two ends of the seed stem. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem. And spraying leaf fertilizer with the concentration of 1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the concentration of 0.003% rephthalic acid at the later growth stage of the cassava within 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 250 mL/plant.
Comparative example 4
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: selecting a lodging-resistant variety, namely, the osmanthus fragrans cultivation 09-11, which is early in middle age, short in plant internodes, upright in plant type, thick in stem, upright in leaf, short in leaf and developed in root system.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm and the seeds have 1-3 bud points, soaking and smearing triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, wherein the triazole bactericide is tebuconazole and the concentration of the triazole bactericide is 3%; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: the width of the cultivation is 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervalsThe method is characterized by adopting a row cultivation mode, wherein a wide row is 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, a narrow row is 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the distance between the wide row and the narrow row is 120-150 cm, the distance between the narrow row and the narrow row is 80-100 cm, the plant distance is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 725 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented chicken manure, and the application amount is 700 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 15 percent respectively, and the application amount is 22 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 8 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 5 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.5 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: after 20 days of planting, replanting the deficient plants; sprouting the field 40 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches is carried out 60 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying clear water on the top end and the tender part of the cassava on the basis of wetting without dripping.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria on cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 15 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium sulfate is 35 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 10 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 5 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 1 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.3 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the two equal parts at one time to the two ends of the seed stem, and respectively uniformly mixing the two equal parts with the soil at the two ends of the seed stem. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem. In the later growth period of cassava, the period is 7-9 monthsAnd (3) spraying leaf fertilizer with the concentration of 1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the concentration of 0.003% rephthalic acid, wherein the spraying amount is 250mL per plant.
Example 4
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: the lodging-resistant variety southern planting 199 with medium early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick stems, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root system is selected.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm and the seeds have 1-3 bud points, soaking and coating triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, wherein the triazole bactericide is propiconazole and has the concentration of 1%; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals is adopted, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 877 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented cow dung, and the application amount is 600 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 17 percent respectively, and the application amount is 21 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 10 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 6.5 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.9 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: replanting the plant lack 17 days after planting; sprouting the field 33 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches is carried out 54 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.4%, and also contains prohexadione calcium with concentration of 0.09%, phthalein nucleic acid with concentration of 0.04% and polyglutamic acid potassium with concentration of 0.06%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: and (3) spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium chloride, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria on cassava in the last ten days of 5 months to 8 months, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 17 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium chloride is 37 kg/mu, the application rate of the bone meal calcium is 13 kg/mu, the application rate of the fulvic acid is 4 kg/mu, the application rate of the humic acid is 1.8 kg/mu, and the application rate of the beneficial bacteria is 0.4 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the compound fertilizer II to the two ends of the seed stems at one time, and respectively uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer II with the soil at the two ends of the seed stems. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem. And spraying leaf fertilizer with the concentration of 1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the concentration of 0.003% rephthalic acid at the later growth stage of the cassava within 7-9 months, wherein the spraying amount is 230 mL/plant.
Comparative example 5
A cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: a flat or gentle slope mountain land with general soil fertility is selected to be planted in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, when land preparation is carried out, full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing are required, the deep tillage depth is 25-30 cm, and planting ditches are excavated after leveling.
(2) Selecting lodging-resistant varieties: the lodging-resistant variety southern planting 199 with medium early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick stems, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root system is selected.
(3) Seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright color, no damage to skin buds and no plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds to ensure that the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm and the seeds have 1-3 bud points, soaking and coating triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, wherein the triazole bactericide is propiconazole and has the concentration of 1%; and then, arranging seeds by a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while laying the seeds, and avoiding the influence on seedling emergence caused by water loss of seed stems due to long-time laying.
(4) Planting: a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals is adopted, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 877 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm. Placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing a farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer, spreading the mixture I in the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture I to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film; the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented cow dung, and the application amount is 600 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 17 percent respectively, and the application amount is 21 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 10 kg/mu.
(5) Field management: replanting the plant lack 17 days after planting; sprouting the field 33 days after planting, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches is carried out 54 days after planting.
(6) Controlling and dwarfing seedlings: and (3) controlling overground part seedling spindling in 6-8 months in the growth middle period of the cassava, timely removing newly grown redundant branches of the cassava trees to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling the seedlings when the height of the cassava plants exceeds 1.5-1.8 m. Spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of no dripping water after wetting; the dwarfing agent is chlormequat chloride aqua with chlormequat chloride concentration of 0.4%, and also contains prohexadione calcium with concentration of 0.09%, phthalein nucleic acid with concentration of 0.04% and polyglutamic acid potassium with concentration of 0.06%.
(7) Applying strong potato fertilizer: from 5 to 8 monthsAnd at the bottom, spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea and potassium chloride on cassava, wherein the application rate of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 17 kg/mu, the application rate of the potassium chloride is 37 kg/mu, dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the compound fertilizer II to the two ends of the seed stems at one time, and respectively uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer II with soil at the two ends of the seed stems. From the end of 6 months to 8 months, the application of pure N and K2The fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem. And spraying a dipotassium hydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 1% in 7-9 months at the later growth stage of the cassava, wherein the spraying amount is 230 mL/plant.
The lodging resistance and yield of the above examples and comparative examples were counted and compared, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistical table of lodging resistance and yield of the invention
As can be seen from the table 1, by adopting the cultivation method, the plant height of the cassava is reduced by 40-65 cm compared with the control, the stem thickening is 1.2-1.9 cm, the yield of fresh cassava per mu is improved by more than 31%, and the lodging rate is lower than 5%.
Claims (6)
1. The cultivation method for lodging resistance and yield increase of cassava is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting flat or gentle hilly regions with general soil fertility, planting in a place with a slope facing the sun and sufficient illumination, during soil preparation, carrying out full-tillage deep plowing and harrowing with deep ploughing depth of 25-30 cm, and excavating planting ditches after leveling;
(2) selecting lodging-resistant varieties: selecting a lodging-resistant variety or strain with medium-early maturity, short plant internodes, upright plant type, thick and strong stem, upright leaves, short leaves and developed root system; the lodging-resistant variety is southern planting 199, south China 205 and Osmanthus reclamation 09-11;
(3) seed cutting and seed arranging: selecting fresh stems, bright in color, free of damage to skin buds and free of diseases and insect pests as seedlings, cutting seeds, preferably, the length of the seed stems is 4-5 cm, 1-3 bud points are provided, soaking and coating triazole bactericide at two ends of the seed stems, placing the seeds in a flat planting method, cutting the seeds while avoiding long-time placement, causing water loss of the seed stems and influencing seedling emergence;
(4) planting: placing the seed stems at planting furrows with the depth of 15-20 cm, planting single-row cassava in a single furrow, uniformly mixing farmyard manure, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, wormcast and a compound fertilizer I consisting of beneficial bacteria, withdrawing the mixture into the planting furrows, respectively applying the mixture to two ends of the seed stems, and then covering a black mulching film;
the planting adopts a wide-narrow row cultivation mode of cultivating 2 narrow rows and 1 wide row at intervals, the wide rows are 70-80 cm multiplied by 120-150 cm, the narrow rows are 60-70 cm multiplied by 80-100 cm, the wide row spacing is 120-150 cm, the narrow row spacing is 80-100 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, the planting density is 725-877 plants/mu, and the ridging height is 5-8 cm;
(5) field management: replanting the deficient plants 15-20 days after planting; 30-40 days after planting, sprouting the field, and reserving 1-2 strong sprouts for each plant; weeding among ditches 50-60 days after planting;
(6) controlling and dwarfing seedlings: controlling overground seedling spindly growth in the growth middle stage of the cassava 6-8 months, and spraying dwarfing agent on the top end and tender part of the cassava on the basis of wetting without dripping water;
the dwarfing agent contains chlormequat chloride with the concentration of 0.2-0.5%, prohexadione calcium with the concentration of 0.05-0.1%, complex phthalein nucleic acid with the concentration of 0.03-0.05% and polyglutamic acid potassium with the concentration of 0.03-0.08%;
(7) applying strong potato fertilizer: spreading a compound fertilizer II consisting of urea, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, bone meal calcium, fulvic acid, humic acid and beneficial bacteria to the cassava from the last ten days of 5 months to the end of 8 months, and spraying a foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 1-2% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.001-0.003% of compound phthalein nucleic acid at the later growth period of 7-9 months of the cassava, wherein the spraying amount is 200-250 mL/plant;
the application amount of the urea of the compound fertilizer II is 15-20 kg/mu, the application amount of the potassium sulfate or the potassium chloride is 35-40 kg/mu, the application amount of the bone meal calcium is 10-15 kg/mu, the application amount of the fulvic acid is 3-5 kg/mu, the application amount of the humic acid is 1-2 kg/mu, and the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.3-0.8 kg/mu; and (3) dividing the compound fertilizer II into two equal parts, applying the two equal parts to the two ends of the seed stem at one time, and respectively and uniformly mixing the two equal parts with soil at the two ends of the seed stem.
2. The cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the farmyard manure of the compound fertilizer I is fermented chicken manure or cow manure, and the application amount is 400-700 kg/mu; available nutrient N, P of azophoska compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is 15-20%, and the application amount is 20-22 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium fertilizer is 8-15 kg/mu; the application amount of the wormcast is 5-8 kg/mu; the application amount of the beneficial bacteria is 0.5-1 kg/mu.
3. The cassava lodging-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the controlling of the overground seedlings comprises: removing newly-grown redundant branches of the young cassava trees in time to play a role in ventilation and light transmission, and topping and controlling seedlings when the height of the cassava trees exceeds 1.5-1.8 m.
4. The method for cultivating cassava with lodging resistance and yield increase according to claim 1, wherein in step (7), in the period from ten days to 8 months, the application of the fertilizer including pure N and K is increased2O, potato bearing fertilizer.
5. The cultivation method for resisting lodging and increasing yield of cassava according to claim 4, wherein the potato-bearing fertilizer is urea and potash fertilizer, the urea is used in an amount of 8-12 kg/mu, the potash fertilizer is used in an amount of 16-20 kg/mu, the fertilizer is divided into two equal parts, and the fertilizer is applied to two ends of the seed stem at one time and is respectively and uniformly mixed with soil at two ends of the seed stem.
6. The cassava lodging-resistant yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the triazole fungicide is any one of triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole and propiconazole, and the concentration is 1-3%.
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