CN113057082A - Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method - Google Patents
Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113057082A CN113057082A CN202110161089.XA CN202110161089A CN113057082A CN 113057082 A CN113057082 A CN 113057082A CN 202110161089 A CN202110161089 A CN 202110161089A CN 113057082 A CN113057082 A CN 113057082A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cotton
- open field
- ripening
- green
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005976 Ethephon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005875 Acetamiprid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N (E)-acetamiprid Chemical compound N#C/N=C(\C)N(C)CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HFCYZXMHUIHAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thidiazuron Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CN=NS1 HFCYZXMHUIHAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005925 Pymetrozine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QHMTXANCGGJZRX-WUXMJOGZSA-N pymetrozine Chemical compound C1C(C)=NNC(=O)N1\N=C\C1=CC=CN=C1 QHMTXANCGGJZRX-WUXMJOGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001600408 Aphis gossypii Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000255967 Helicoverpa zea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005591 Pendimethalin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pendimethalin Chemical compound CCC(CC)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005897 Etoxazole Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 alkyl ethyl sulfonate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002837 defoliant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IXSZQYVWNJNRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoxazole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1N=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2F)F)OC1 IXSZQYVWNJNRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000934067 Acarus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- RZXLPPRPEOUENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorfenson Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RZXLPPRPEOUENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000304337 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007129 Cuminum cyminum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorfenapyr Chemical compound BrC1=C(C(F)(F)F)N(COCC)C(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1C#N CWFOCCVIPCEQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000373 fatty alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for green and efficient open field cultivation of cotton, and belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation. The method for cultivating cotton in the open field in a green and efficient manner comprises the following steps: the mepiquat chloride is not used, and the seeding is carried out when the temperature is stabilized at more than 25 ℃ in continuous 7 days and the soil temperature of 5cm soil layer is stabilized at more than 15 ℃. The method for green and efficient open field cultivation of cotton utilizes early-maturing late sowing for keeping the strength, avoids chemical regulation, has no film in open field cultivation, and is low in cost. The method for green and efficient open field cultivation of cotton saves nitrogen fertilizer, water and pesticide for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, can save water by about 20 percent, fertilizer by about 15 percent and pesticide by about 50 percent, further reduces the cost and is more environment-friendly. The method has higher yield, and can realize the yield of 320Kg per mu of seed cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for green and efficient open field cultivation of cotton, and belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation.
Background
In order to further improve the single-yield level of cotton and increase the economic benefit of unit area, the cotton production is advanced towards high yield, high quality, high efficiency, low cost and sustainable development.
The existing cotton high-density planting and cultivating technology has many problems. The mepiquat chloride is needed to regulate the growth of cotton, so that farmers are difficult to accept the mepiquat chloride, the seed dressing is not in place, the high seedlings are more, the growth of cotton is influenced, and the yield is further influenced. And (4) regulating and controlling mepiquat chloride in the whole process of the film-covered cotton field, wherein the regulation and control are generally carried out for 4-5 times. The cotton field needs to be covered with a film, and the cost is high. If the film is not covered, the temperature is unstable, the growth of cotton seedlings is influenced, and the yield is further influenced. In addition, at present, cotton planting pests are many, the pesticide application amount is large, the pesticide application frequency is many, the pest control is generally carried out for 8-9 times, the environment is polluted, and the cost is high. The fertilizing amount is large, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, and the cost is further increased.
Amur cumin, Yan summer, and 35-36 in cotton high density planting cultivation, discloses a cotton high density planting cultivation method, which comprises applying sufficient nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen and phosphorus, applying 540Kg of urea, 225-300 Kg of diammonium phosphate and 90-120 Kg of potassium sulfate per hectare on the basis of applying sufficient organic fertilizer. According to different soil fertility, the soil testing formula is applied for fertilization, the membrane breaking before the head water and topdressing are carried out according to the principle of heavy front and light back on the fertilization mode, if the phenomenon of late premature senility of cotton exists, various leaf fertilizers can be sprayed for topdressing outside roots, and thus the nutrient requirement of high yield of high-density planted cotton is ensured. But the fertilizer is seriously lost in the early stage and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low. It also discloses the need for timely early sowing. When the ground temperature of a soil layer of 5cm is stabilized at 12-13 ℃ as much as possible, cotton seeds are sown generally at 10 days in 4 months, at the peak period of sowing in 15-25 days in 4 months, and are sown before 5 days in 5 months, and the cotton seeds sown after 25 days in 4 months are blended with mepiquat chloride. It can be seen that if the seeds are not sowed early, the cost is increased because the seeds are dressed by mepiquat chloride. In addition, the film is covered, and a wide-film agricultural implement and a wide-film cotton planting intertillage implement are needed to be arranged.
Wubo, practice civilization, like Trees Xun et al, the influence of different cotton varieties, densities and sowing periods on the growth under the cultivation conditions of membraneless drip irrigation, Xinjiang agricultural science, 2018, 55 (3): 393-404. Discloses a method for cultivating cotton by film-free drip irrigation. Under the condition of no membrane, the highest yield can only be 270.1Kg/666.7m2。
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel green and efficient method for cultivating cotton on open field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for cultivating cotton on open field in a green and efficient manner comprises the following steps:
the mepiquat chloride is not used, and the seeding is carried out when the temperature is stabilized at more than 25 ℃ in continuous 7 days and the soil temperature of 5cm soil layer is stabilized at more than 15 ℃.
And (5) cultivating in open field without covering film.
In a specific embodiment, the cotton is an early maturing variety with a growth period within 120d, preferably neolachlor 74, chrysogenum 1161, mesocotton 619, comedones 720, QS1901, QS1810, more preferably neolachlor 74, comedones 720 or QS 1901.
In a specific embodiment, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the sowing are 74-76 cm and 5.0-5.5 cm; preferably, the sowing depth is 2.0-2.5 cm, and the covering soil is 1.5-2.0 cm.
74-76 cm and 5.0-5.5 cm of plant spacing, can keep proper population size, and in addition, the population is superior to wide and narrow row close planting by light transmittance, so the cotton can promote early ripening, increase defoliation rate and improve mechanical picking quality on the premise of not influencing yield.
In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises fertilization, wherein the fertilization method comprises the steps of applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer per mu of base; additionally applying nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer during the whole growth period; the nitrogen fertilizer counted by N for basal application is 4.6-6.9 Kg, and the phosphate fertilizer counted by P2O56.75-9 Kg; the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 13.8-16.1 Kg in terms of N and the phosphate fertilizer is P2O55.2 to 7.8Kg in terms of K as a potash fertilizer2The amount of O is 3.4-5.1 Kg;
preferably, the dressing method comprises the steps of firstly dripping water for half an hour, then fertilizing, and washing with dripping clear water; fertilizing with water for 8-9 times during the whole growth period.
In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises irrigating under the condition of no light, and the total amount of water for irrigation is preferably 160-300 m3/666.7m2And 9-10 times of irrigation.
In one embodiment, the method of irrigation employs drip irrigation; the drip irrigation method is preferably to bury the drip irrigation belts deeply to 10-15 cm, the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 1.5-1.6 m, the distance between the drippers is 25-30 cm, the flow of the drippers is 1.8-2.0L/h, and the water dripping amount is 18-40 m3Preferably 18 to 30m3And irrigating from 30-32 days after cotton seedling emergence, wherein the water dripping period is 7-9 days.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises pest control by: only 3 times of prevention and control measures for pests are needed in the period from bud emergence to full boll of the cotton;
preferably, the prevention and control measures of the disease and the pest are prevention and control measures aiming at cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites and cotton bollworms; the prevention and treatment measures for the pests are preferably at least one of acetamiprid, pymetrozine, abamectin and etoxazole and perchloro-emamectin benzoate.
In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises weeding, wherein pendimethalin is adopted for 180-200 ml/666.7m before sowing2Uniformly spraying soil, and sealing weeds.
In one embodiment, two defoliation ripening events are performed during the flocculation period.
In one embodiment, the method for defoliating and ripening comprises the following steps: applying the ripening defoliating agent twice in a flocculation period, wherein the interval between the two applications of the ripening defoliating agent is 7-9 days;
the ripening defoliating agent is preferably a suspending agent with 10-12 wt% of thidiazuron and 40-45 wt% of ethephon; the amount of the first application of the ripening defoliating agent is preferably 150-170 ml/666.7m2The amount of the ripening defoliating agent applied for the second time is preferably 200-220 ml/666.7m2；
Preferably, the method further comprises applying a co-agent, preferably at least one of an alkyl ethyl sulfonate, a methylated vegetable oil, with the ripening defoliant; when the ripening defoliating agent is applied for the first time, the amount of the synergistic auxiliary is preferably 17.0-18.0 ml/666.7m2When the ripening defoliating agent is applied for the second time, the amount of the synergistic auxiliary agent is preferably 22.0-24.0 ml/666.7m2。
Has the advantages that:
1. the method for green and efficient open field cultivation of cotton utilizes early-maturing late sowing for keeping the strength, avoids chemical regulation, has no film in open field cultivation, and is low in cost.
2. The method for green and efficient open field cultivation of cotton saves nitrogen fertilizer, water and pesticide for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, can save water by about 20 percent, fertilizer by about 15 percent and pesticide by about 50 percent, further reduces the cost and is more environment-friendly.
3. The method has higher yield, and can realize the yield of 320Kg per mu of seed cotton.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of cotton yield for example 3.
Detailed Description
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for cultivating cotton on open field in a green and efficient manner comprises the following steps:
the mepiquat chloride is not used, and the seeding is carried out when the temperature is stabilized at more than 25 ℃ in continuous 7 days and the soil temperature of 5cm soil layer is stabilized at more than 15 ℃.
And (5) cultivating in open field without covering film.
In a specific embodiment, the cotton is an early maturing variety with a growth period within 120d, preferably neolachlor 74, chrysogenum 1161, mesocotton 619, comedones 720, QS1901, QS1810, more preferably neolachlor 74, comedones 720 or QS 1901.
In a specific embodiment, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the sowing are 74-76 cm and 5.0-5.5 cm; preferably, the sowing depth is 2.0-2.5 cm, and the covering soil is 1.5-2.0 cm.
74-76 cm and 5.0-5.5 cm of plant spacing, can keep proper population size, and in addition, the population is superior to wide and narrow row close planting by light transmittance, so the cotton can promote early ripening, increase defoliation rate and improve mechanical picking quality on the premise of not influencing yield.
In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises fertilization, wherein the fertilization method comprises the steps of applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer per mu of base; additionally applying nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer during the whole growth period; the nitrogen fertilizer counted by N for basal application is 4.6-6.9 Kg, and the phosphate fertilizer counted by P2O56.75-9 Kg; the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 13.8-16.1 Kg in terms of N and the phosphate fertilizer is P2O55.2 to 7.8Kg in terms of K as a potash fertilizer2The amount of O is 3.4-5.1 Kg;
preferably, the dressing method comprises the steps of firstly dripping water for half an hour, then fertilizing, and washing with dripping clear water; fertilizing with water for 8-9 times during the whole growth period.
In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises irrigating under the condition of no light, and the total amount of water for irrigation is preferably 160-300 m3/666.7m2And 9-10 times of irrigation.
In one embodiment, the method of irrigation employs drip irrigation; the drip irrigation method is preferably to bury the drip irrigation belts deeply to 10-15 cm, the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 1.5-1.6 m, the distance between the drippers is 25-30 cm, the flow of the drippers is 1.8-2.0L/h, and the water dripping amount is 18-40 m3Preferably 18 to 30m3The water dripping rate is 18-30 m3And irrigating from 30-32 days after cotton seedling emergence, wherein the water dripping period is 7-9 days.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises pest control by: only 3 times of prevention and control measures for pests are needed in the period from bud emergence to full boll of the cotton;
preferably, the prevention and control measures of the disease and the pest are prevention and control measures aiming at cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites and cotton bollworms; the prevention and treatment measures for the pests are preferably at least one of acetamiprid, pymetrozine, abamectin and etoxazole and perchloro-emamectin benzoate.
In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises weeding, wherein pendimethalin is adopted for 180-200 ml/666.7m before sowing2Uniformly spraying soil, and sealing weeds.
In one embodiment, two defoliation ripening events are performed during the flocculation period.
In one embodiment, the method for defoliating and ripening comprises the following steps: applying the ripening defoliating agent twice in a flocculation period, wherein the interval between the two applications of the ripening defoliating agent is 7-9 days;
the ripening defoliating agent is preferably a suspending agent with 10-12 wt% of thidiazuron and 40-45 wt% of ethephon; the amount of the first application of the ripening defoliating agent is preferably 150-170 ml/666.7m2The amount of the ripening defoliating agent applied for the second time is preferably 200-220 ml/666.7m2；
Preferably, the method further comprises applying a co-agent, preferably at least one of an alkyl ethyl sulfonate, a methylated vegetable oil, with the ripening defoliant; when the ripening defoliating agent is applied for the first time, the amount of the synergistic auxiliary is preferably 17.0-18.0 ml/666.7m2Synergistic auxiliary for the second application of ripening defoliantsThe amount is preferably 22.0 to 24.0ml/666.7m2。
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Sowing: before sowing, uniformly spraying 200 ml/mu of pendimethalin on 21 days 4 and 21 months in 2020 to seal weeds. Selecting Xinluzao No. 74, continuously sowing in a hole-one grain precision manner at 7 days with the temperature stabilized above 25 ℃, the ground temperature stabilized above 15 ℃ by 5cm and 2 days after 5 months in an early maturing cotton area from 4 months to 5 months and 1 day, wherein the sowing depth is 2cm, and the soil covering is 1.5 cm; the row spacing of the sowing is 76cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, and the theoretical number of the plants is 17500 plants/666.7 m2。
Fertilizing: 10Kg of urea (N46 wt%) and three-material phosphorus fertilizer (P) are applied to each mu of base in the whole growth period2O545 wt%) 15 Kg; 35Kg of urea (N46 wt%) and monopotassium phosphate (P) are applied to each mu of the growing period along with water drops2O5 52wt％、K2O34 wt%) 10 Kg. The specific fertilization times are shown in the following table.
Example 1 fertilization time and fertilization Scale
Urea N in table 1 was 46 wt%; potassium dihydrogen phosphate P2O552 wt%, K2O is 34 wt%; three-material phosphorus fertilizer P2O5Is 45 wt%.
Irrigation: the drip irrigation tape is buried to be 15cm deep, irrigation is carried out at night (under a lightless condition), the drip irrigation tape is special drip irrigation tape for underground drip irrigation, the distance between drip irrigation tapes is 1.52m, the distance between drippers is 30cm, and the flow of the drippers is 2.0L/h. Irrigating at 22 days in 6 months, 2 days in 7 months, 11 days in 7 months, 19 days in 7 months, 26 days in 7 months, 3 days in 8 months, 11 days in 8 months, 20 days in 8 months and 30 days in 8 months respectively, wherein the water dropping quota is respectively as follows: 18. 22, 24, 27.2, 29.4, 27.2, 24, 22, 18m3. Total irrigation quantity of 211.8m3/666.7m2。
And (3) pest control: the cotton aphids only in the bud-full boll stage of the cotton,In the stage of high-incidence cotton spider mite and cotton bollworm, control measures are taken for 3 times by using 40% acetamiprid, 80% pymetrozine, 20% abamectin and 4.2% perchloro-emamectin benzoate in the full bud period (6 months bottom), full bloom period (7 months middle ten days) and full boll period (7 months bottom). For the first time, the acetamiprid is 14.63g/666.7m221.34g/666.7m of abamectin and acarus2(ii) a For the second time, the acetamiprid is 18.29g/666.7m212.20g/666.7m of abamectin and chlorfenapyr2(ii) a Thirdly, the pymetrozine is 30.48g/666.7m2Acetamiprid 30.48 g/mu, abamectin 15.24g/666.7m2And perchloromethylate 30.48g/666.7m2。
Defoliation and ripening: 50% of total effective component content of the defoliation ripener, 10% of thidiazuron content, 40% of ethephon content and a suspending agent.
After 9 months and 10 days, 150ml/666.7m of thiobenezene-ethephon (10% of thidiazuron and 40% of ethephon) defoliating ripener is applied2And a provincial companion (the main component is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate) synergistic auxiliary agent of 16.7ml/666.7m2. Ripening for the second time in 18 days at 9 months, applying 200ml of thiobenzene-ethephon defoliation ripener/666.7 m2And auxiliary synergist 22.2ml/666.7m2. When the defoliation rate reaches 95% and the boll opening rate reaches 98%, the mechanical picking can be carried out once. The mechanical picking technology can effectively reduce the cost of cotton planting and reduce the mixing of foreign fibers.
Seed cotton yield of 320kg/666.7m of example 12。
Example 2
The sowing period is 2019, 5 months and 3 days.
A sowing mode: sowing at equal row spacing of 76cm, and planting density of 22.5 ten thousand plants.hm-2. Irrigating water after sowing, and artificially thinning every 5cm after flattening the cotyledons.
Dripping 13 times with total dripping amount of 2625m3·hm-2。
10kg of urea (N46 wt%) and three-material phosphorus fertilizer (P) are applied to each mu of base in the whole growth period2O545 wt.%) 15 kg; 35kg of urea (N46 wt%) and monopotassium phosphate (P) are applied to each mu of the growing period along with water drops2O5 52wt％、K2O34 wt.%) 10 kg. Specific fertilization timeSee table 2 below.
The whole process is not changed. Spraying defoliating ripener (thidiazuron, 195 ml/hm) for 9 months and 22 days2(ii) a Ethephon, 1380ml/hm2). No. 10/8 secondary ripening (ethephon, 870 ml/hm)2)。
Otherwise, the field of example 1 was managed.
Example 2 fertilization time and fertilization Scale
Drip irrigation tapes were set for different irrigation groups buried 10cm, 15cm and 20cm 3 deep, respectively, and the yield and its constituting factors were measured (see table 3 below for details). The results in Table 3 show that the yield of seed cotton with 15-20cm of the buried depth of the burette belt is obviously higher than 10 cm. Comprehensively considering the cost of cotton planting, the planting mode of 15cm buried depth of the drip irrigation belt is recommended under the condition of no film.
Table 3 cotton yield of example 2
Example 3
The method similar to the embodiment 1 is adopted, the irrigation amount is different from the embodiment 1, specifically, the irrigation is respectively carried out on 22 days in 6 months, 2 days in 7 months, 11 days in 7 months, 19 days in 7 months, 26 days in 7 months, 3 days in 8 months, 11 days in 8 months, 20 days in 8 months and 30 days in 8 months, and the water dripping quota is respectively as follows: 20. 24, 26, 29.3, 31.6, 39.3, 26, 24, 20m3. The total water amount is 230.2m3/666.7m2。
The adopted cotton varieties are the comparative tests of five varieties, namely QS1810, QS1901, Huiyuan 720, Jinnao 1161, Zhongmian 619 and the like. The cotton yield is divided into: 248. 308, 303, 253, 277kg/666.7m2. It can be seen that QS1901 and Huiyuan720 is more suitable for the cultivation method of the present invention. The highest yield of example 3 can be 308kg/666.7m2。
Claims (10)
1. The method for cultivating cotton in the open field in a green and efficient manner is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the mepiquat chloride is not used, and the seeding is carried out when the temperature is stabilized at more than 25 ℃ in continuous 7 days and the soil temperature of 5cm soil layer is stabilized at more than 15 ℃.
2. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the cotton is an early-maturing variety with a growth period within 120d, preferably New Yong 74, jin Ji 1161, Zhongmian 619, Huiyuan 720, QS1901, QS1810, more preferably New Yong 74, Huiyuan 720 or QS 1901.
3. The method for cultivating cotton on open field in a green and high-efficiency manner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the row spacing of the sowing is 74-76 cm, and the plant spacing is 5.0-5.5 cm; preferably, the sowing depth is 2.0-2.5 cm, and the covering soil is 1.5-2.0 cm.
4. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising fertilizing, wherein the fertilizing method comprises applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer per mu of base soil; additionally applying nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer during the whole growth period; the nitrogen fertilizer counted by N for basal application is 4.6-6.9 Kg, and the phosphate fertilizer counted by P2O56.75-9 Kg; the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer is 13.8-16.1 Kg in terms of N and the phosphate fertilizer is P2O55.2 to 7.8Kg in terms of K as a potash fertilizer2The amount of O is 3.4-5.1 Kg;
preferably, the dressing method comprises the steps of firstly dripping water for half an hour, then fertilizing, and washing with dripping clear water; fertilizing with water for 8-9 times during the whole growth period.
5. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising irrigation under the condition of no light, wherein the total amount of irrigation water is preferably 160 to 300m3/666.7m2And 9-10 times of irrigation.
6. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to claim 5, wherein the irrigation method adopts drip irrigation; the drip irrigation method is preferably to bury the drip irrigation belts deeply to 10-15 cm, the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 1.5-1.6 m, the distance between the drippers is 25-30 cm, the flow of the drippers is 1.8-2.0L/h, and the water dripping amount is 18-40 m3Preferably 18 to 30m3And irrigating from 30-32 days after cotton seedling emergence, wherein the water dripping period is 7-9 days.
7. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by further comprising pest control, wherein the pest control method comprises the following steps: only 3 times of prevention and control measures for pests are needed in the period from bud emergence to full boll of the cotton;
preferably, the prevention and control measures of the disease and the pest are prevention and control measures aiming at cotton aphids, cotton leaf mites and cotton bollworms; the prevention and treatment measures for the pests are preferably at least one of acetamiprid, pymetrozine, abamectin and etoxazole and perchloro-emamectin benzoate.
8. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that the method further comprises weeding by using pendimethalin 180-200 ml/666.7m before sowing2Uniformly spraying soil, and sealing weeds.
9. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the method further comprises two defoliation ripening times during the flocculation period.
10. The method for green high-efficiency open field cotton cultivation according to claim 9, wherein the defoliation ripening method comprises the following steps: applying the ripening defoliating agent twice in a flocculation period, wherein the interval between the two applications of the ripening defoliating agent is 7-9 days;
the ripening defoliating agent is preferably a suspending agent with 10-12 wt% of thidiazuron and 40-45 wt% of ethephon; the amount of the first application of the ripening defoliating agent is preferably 150-170 ml/666.7m2The amount of the ripening defoliating agent applied for the second time is preferably 200-220 ml/666.7m2；
Preferably, the method further comprises applying a co-agent, preferably at least one of an alkyl ethyl sulfonate, a methylated vegetable oil, with the ripening defoliant; when the ripening defoliating agent is applied for the first time, the amount of the synergistic auxiliary is preferably 17.0-18.0 ml/666.7m2When the ripening defoliating agent is applied for the second time, the amount of the synergistic auxiliary agent is preferably 22.0-24.0 ml/666.7m2。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110161089.XA CN113057082A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110161089.XA CN113057082A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113057082A true CN113057082A (en) | 2021-07-02 |
Family
ID=76558591
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110161089.XA Pending CN113057082A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113057082A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113678836A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-23 | 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 | Acaricidal composition and application thereof |
| CN115088572A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-23 | 石河子大学 | Water-saving cultivation method for non-film cotton |
| CN115500230A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-12-23 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Planting method for dry-seeding and wet-yielding cotton in clay loam |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107135782A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cultural method of the South Sinkiang without film cotton |
| CN111066614A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-28 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Sowing method for cotton film-free direct-sowing one-time-sowing whole seedlings |
| CN111955304A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-20 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Cotton film-free cultivation method |
| CN111990195A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-27 | 荆门(中国农谷)农业科学研究院 | Method for directly sowing cotton seedlings by one time without film |
| CN112021125A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-04 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | Simple cotton cultivation method suitable for Dongting lake cotton area |
-
2021
- 2021-02-05 CN CN202110161089.XA patent/CN113057082A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107135782A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cultural method of the South Sinkiang without film cotton |
| CN111066614A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-28 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Sowing method for cotton film-free direct-sowing one-time-sowing whole seedlings |
| CN111990195A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-27 | 荆门(中国农谷)农业科学研究院 | Method for directly sowing cotton seedlings by one time without film |
| CN112021125A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-04 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | Simple cotton cultivation method suitable for Dongting lake cotton area |
| CN111955304A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-11-20 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所（河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所） | Cotton film-free cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 佚名: "滴灌技术在棉花栽培中的应用", 农业科技与信息, no. 7, pages 33 * |
| 秦为耀等: "《滴灌 随水施肥技术理论与实践》", vol. 1, 31 January 2000, 中国水利水电出版社, pages: 81 * |
| 郜玉江: "结合141团土壤条件论述棉花合理施肥", 农村科技, no. 8, pages 24 - 25 * |
| 阿力木江・克来木等: "植物油助剂对棉花脱叶与催熟的影响", 中国农学通报, no. 12 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113678836A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-23 | 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 | Acaricidal composition and application thereof |
| CN115500230A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-12-23 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Planting method for dry-seeding and wet-yielding cotton in clay loam |
| CN115088572A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-23 | 石河子大学 | Water-saving cultivation method for non-film cotton |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106233966A (en) | One cultural method grown cotton | |
| CN113057082A (en) | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method | |
| CN104041312A (en) | Method for planting high-yield okra | |
| AU2021104223A4 (en) | Method for cultivation of high-yield cotton in saline soil | |
| CN108271638A (en) | A kind of corn high yield cultivating method resistant to lodging | |
| CN110663493A (en) | Sugarcane water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation cultivation method | |
| CN102308716A (en) | Cultivation technique for hybrid oilseed sunflowers | |
| CN107567747A (en) | A kind of method of cotton, sorghum and green manure crop miscegenation improvement salt-soda soil | |
| CN107135801A (en) | It is a kind of to prevent the implantation methods of Spring Peanut continuous cropping obstacle | |
| CN107231921A (en) | The implantation methods that a kind of salt-soda soil is kept a full stand of seedings | |
| CN107360820A (en) | The saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton | |
| CN104081996A (en) | High yield planting method for cabbages | |
| CN109618838A (en) | Make light to simplify Cultivate administration method between a kind of soya corn wide cut | |
| CN114747438B (en) | Cultivation method of corn with green manure Mao She seeds | |
| CN110140615A (en) | Beans/vegetables method is planted between corn based on Beidou navigation | |
| CN106962005A (en) | A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder | |
| CN104718910A (en) | High-yield rape cultivation method | |
| CN104718916A (en) | High-yield planting method for organic pea seedlings | |
| CN107509514A (en) | A kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut | |
| CN109089768B (en) | Cultivation method for improving lodging resistance of flax | |
| CN111543264A (en) | Simplified drip irrigation cultivation method for corn in semiarid region | |
| Karshiev | EFFECTS OF SOWING CULTIVATION DIFFERENCES ON THE FORMATION OF DIFFICULT WHEAT ROOT SYSTEM IN RAINFED LAND | |
| CN107912236A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of capsicum | |
| CN106961962A (en) | One implantation methods grown cotton | |
| CN115005040A (en) | Dry sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in sandy soil by using ultra-wide film with length of 4.3 m |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210702 |