CN111542432A - 饰面元件、用于生产饰面元件的方法 - Google Patents
饰面元件、用于生产饰面元件的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111542432A CN111542432A CN201880085257.8A CN201880085257A CN111542432A CN 111542432 A CN111542432 A CN 111542432A CN 201880085257 A CN201880085257 A CN 201880085257A CN 111542432 A CN111542432 A CN 111542432A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- veneer
- facing
- wood
- pressing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生产饰面元件的方法,该方法包括在基底上施加第一层,在饰面层上施加第二层,在第一层上施加饰面层,其中第二层施加到其上,使得第二层面对第一层,将第一层、第二层和饰面层压制在一起以形成饰面元件,由此来自第二层的材料透入饰面层中,并且其中,在压制之后,第一层通过饰面层的裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤可见。还提供一种饰面元件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生产饰面元件的方法,以及这种饰面元件。
背景技术
具有木质表面的地板覆盖物可以是几种不同的类型。实木地板是由木板形式的实木块制成的。实木复合地板是由木质/木材表面层粘合在芯部上构成的。芯部可以是薄芯板或基于木材的镶板/木基镶板,如胶合板、MDF(中密度纤维板)或HDF(高密度纤维板)。作为一个例子,木质表面层可以具有2-10毫米的厚度。
木质地板覆盖物也可以通过将木材饰面/木质饰面粘合到芯部上而形成,芯部例如为木基镶板,比如刨花板、MDF或HDF。木材饰面是一种木质薄层,例如厚度为0.2-1毫米。具有粘合到例如HDF或胶合板的芯部上的单独表面层的地板比实木地板更耐潮湿。
与实木地板和实木复合地板相比,由于仅使用薄的木质层,所以可以以较低的成本生产木材饰面地板。然而,木材饰面层不能像实木或实木复合地板那样打磨。
作为木地板的替代品,层压地板也是可行的。直接压制的层压地板通常包括由6-12毫米纤维板构成的芯部、0.2毫米厚的由层压材料层构成的上部装饰表面层和0.1-0.2毫米厚的下部平衡层,下平衡层压层由层压材料、塑料、纸或类似材料制成。
层压材料表面通常包括两个纸片;0.1毫米厚的印刷装饰纸和0.05-0.1毫米厚的透明覆盖层,用于保护装饰纸免受磨损。由α纤维素纤维制成的透明覆盖层包含小而硬的透明氧化铝颗粒,这使得表面层具有高耐磨性。
印刷装饰纸和覆盖层用三聚氰胺树脂浸渍,并在热和压力下层压到基于木纤维的芯部上。这两个纸层在压制前的总厚度约为0.3毫米,压制后压缩至约0.2毫米。
木材饰面地板可能具有比层压地板更低的抗冲击性,并且当使用高质量的饰面时,与层压地板相比,生产成本高。
最近开发了新的“无纸”型地板,其实体/坚实表面包括纤维、粘合剂和耐磨颗粒的基本均匀的粉末混合物。如在WO 2009/065769中所公开的,将混合物施加在木基镶板(例如MDF或HDF)上,随后将热和压力施加到混合物上以在镶板上形成表面层。这种表面层以商标NADURA销售。
WO 2009/065769还公开了一种薄的表面层,例如木材饰面层,其被施加在包括例如与粘合剂混合的软木或实木纤维的次层上。该次层应用于基于木纤维的芯部上。
US 2,831,794公开了一种制造饰面镶板的方法。在由纤维颗粒构成的、涂覆有树脂的核心颗粒的垫层上施加绿色饰面。将粘合剂施加在饰面上,以将饰面粘合到纤维芯部上,并在纤维芯部中形成致密的表面区域。芯部的该材料的作用是填补饰面中的节疤孔或开口缺陷。当施加热和压力时,结果是形成镶板,其中涂覆有树脂的芯部颗粒填充否则会存在于饰面中的任何缺陷或孔。
US 2,419,614公开了一种被涂覆的木材制品,其中胶合板被覆盖材料或覆层材料涂覆,该覆盖材料或覆层材料由锯屑和合成树脂的混合物组成。饰面层被覆盖材料或覆层材料涂覆,使得饰面层不再可见。覆盖物形成产品的最上层。
WO 2015/105455公开了木材饰面的孔和裂缝可以在压制过程中用来自包含木纤维和粘合剂的次层的材料填充。因此,可以使用较低质量的木材饰面。
WO 2015/105456公开了一种在压制过程中控制次层透入木材饰面的方法。因此,通过控制材料从次层透入木材饰面的程度,可以控制压制后木材饰面的设计。
在以上描述中,已经参照地板描述了不同类型的产品。然而,同样的材料和问题也适用于其他类型的建筑板,如墙板、天花板和家具部件。
发明内容
本发明至少实施例的目的是提供对上述技术和已知技术的改进
本发明至少实施例的另一个目的是提供饰面层的改进设计。
本发明至少实施例的另一个目的是进一步控制压制之后的饰面层的设计。
本发明的至少实施例的另一个目的是提供一种饰面层,其缺陷(例如孔、裂缝和节疤)被来自布置在饰面层下方的层的材料填充,而不影响饰面层的其他部分。
通过根据本发明第一方面的生产饰面元件的方法,已经实现了从描述中变得明确的这些和其他目的和优点中的至少一些。该方法包括将第一层施加在基底上,将第二层施加在饰面层上,将施加有第二层的饰面层施加在第一层上,使得第二层面对第一层,将第一层、第二层和饰面层压制在一起以形成饰面层元件,由此来自第二层的材料透入饰面层中,并且其中,在压制之后,第一层通过饰面层的缺陷例如裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤可见。
缺陷包括饰面层中的任何裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤。缺陷可能包括饰面层的任何不坚实和/或不致密的部分。木材饰面的致密部分是饰面层的如下部分:其中不存在能通过眼睛看到的缺陷,即肉眼可见的缺陷,例如裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤。
也可能想要并在生产过程中形成裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤,从而形成饰面层的所需缺陷。
至少第一方面的实施例的优点在于,可以通过在具有不同性质的两层上施加饰面层来进一步控制饰面层元件的设计。第一层的组成可以不同于第二层的组成。例如,第一层可以被着色或染色,第二层可以不含颜料和/或染料。作为另一种选择,第一层可以具有不同于第二层的颜色。因此,可以控制压制后的饰面的设计。
在压制过程中,来自第二层的材料至少部分透入饰面层中和/或透过(穿透)饰面层。与仅提供单层的实施例相比,至少部分透入饰面层中的第二层至少部分地或完全地防止第一层透入或透过饰面层。然而,在饰面层的任何缺陷——例如裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤——中,第一层通过任何裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤是可见的。
透入是指第二层扩散或渗透到饰面层的微观结构中,该结构是肉眼看不到的,例如木材孔隙。
因此,缺陷——例如裂缝、空腔、孔和节疤——是可见的,并且由来自第一层的材料填充。例如,第一层的颜色可以比饰面层的颜色更深。因此,缺陷——例如裂缝、空腔、孔和节疤——是可见的,并被着上深色。
因此,当通过诸如裂缝、空腔和/或节疤的缺陷看到第一层时,这些缺陷被视为具有第一层的颜色。
同时,来自第一层的深色颗粒至少部分地被第二层阻止渗入饰面层的致密部分。因此,至少部分地防止了饰面层的致密部分的不期望的着色,同时缺陷被认为是深色的。因此,饰面层具有更美观的外观,对消费者更有吸引力。
然而,对于一些设计,可能不希望由于使得有颜色的材料透过饰面层的除缺陷之外的部分——例如透过饰面层的坚实部分,即饰面的致密部分——而改变饰面层本身的设计。通过将第二层布置在第一层上,饰面层被第二层透入,并且第二层可以至少部分地防止第一层透入饰面层中。因此,饰面层在压制后基本上不受第一层的影响。例如,通过使用基本上不含染料或颜料的第二层,第二层透过饰面层基本上不会改变饰面层的设计,或者至少不会明显改变饰面层的设计。因此,诸如节疤、孔和裂缝的缺陷是可见的且由具有一种颜色的材料填充,并且饰面层的其余部分基本上保持不受影响。
作为另一个例子,第二层可以具有与第一层不同的颜色,使得任何缺陷,例如节疤、孔和裂缝,具有一种颜色(主要来自第一层),并且透入饰面层中的材料具有另一种颜色(主要来自第二层)。因此,饰面层可被染成一种颜色(主要来自第二层),例如浅色或与饰面层的自然颜色相对应的颜色,并且诸如节疤、孔和裂缝的缺陷在压制后可具有不同的颜色,例如深色(主要来自第一层)。
饰面层可以是或包括木材饰面或软木饰面。
在压制过程中,饰面层的裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤可以至少部分地被来自第一层的材料填充。优选地,在压制后填充缺陷例如裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤的材料与饰面层的上表面齐平。
在压制过程中,来自第二层的材料可以透入饰面层中。也就是说,透入饰面的材料中,而不是填充缺陷。来自第二层的材料可以透入饰面层中和/或透过饰面层。在压制过程中,第二层可以防止来自第一层的材料透入和/或透过饰面层。因此,除了任何缺陷之外,饰面层可以基本上不受压制后来自第一层的材料的影响。
将第二层施加在饰面层上可以包括将液体施加在饰面层上,随后将干燥粉末施加在饰面层上以形成第二层。
第二层可以作为浆料施加。
没有或基本上没有第二层可以附着在饰面层的裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤处。
第一层可以包括颜料和/或染料。
第一层可以具有基本均匀的颜色。第一层可以在其水平延伸部分上基本均匀地着色。第一层可以在其垂直延伸方向上基本均匀地着色。
第二层可以具有基本均匀的颜色。第二层可以在其水平延伸部分上基本均匀地着色。第二层可以在其垂直延伸方向上基本均匀地着色。
第二层可以不含颜料和染料。
压制后,第二层可以是透明的,或者至少是透光的。
压制后,第二层可以具有与第一层不同的颜色。第二层可能在压制后沾染饰面层。
第二层可以包括颜料和/或染料。
第一层可以包括热固性粘合剂。热固性粘合剂可以是氨基树脂,例如三聚氰胺甲醛、脲醛或其组合或共聚物。
第二层可以包括热固性粘合剂。热固性粘合剂可以是氨基树脂,例如三聚氰胺甲醛、脲醛或其组合或共聚物。
在一个实施例中,第一层和/或第二层可以包括热塑性粘合剂。
第一层可以作为干燥粉末施用。例如,第一层的粘合剂可以作为干燥粉末施加。或者,第一层可以例如通过施加液体形式的粘合剂以液体形式施加。
第二层可以作为干燥粉末施用。例如,第二层的粘合剂可以作为干燥粉末施加。或者,第二层可以例如通过施加液体形式的粘合剂以液体形式施加。
第二层可以以5-200g/m2的量施加。通过施加至少5-200g/m2,第二层可以防止第一层在压制过程中透入饰面层中。如果第二层以粉末形式施加,第二层可以以至少50g/m2,优选至少100g/m2的量施加。如果第二层以液体形式施加,第二层可以以10-100g/m2、优选20-50g/m2的量施加。
第一层和/或第二层可以进一步包括填料。填料可以是颗粒或纤维,例如木纤维或木颗粒,或矿物颗粒或矿物纤维。木颗粒可以是木质纤维素颗粒和/或纤维素颗粒。木颗粒可以至少部分漂白/脱色。
第一层和/或第二层可以包括耐磨颗粒和/或耐刮擦颗粒。优选地,至少第二层包括耐磨颗粒和/或耐刮擦颗粒。
第一层可以包括纸片,优选树脂浸渍的纸片。在第一层包括纸片的实施例中,纸片可以是有颜色的。在第二层包括纸片的实施例中,纸片可以是例如用于层压地板的类型的覆层纸片。压制后,这种覆层纸片是透明的。第一层可以包括热塑性片材。
基底可以包括基于木材的板,例如MDF、HDF、刨花板、热塑性塑料板、胶合板、薄芯板、饰面层,例如木材饰面或软木饰面、片材/纸张(例如纸片)、无纺布或传送带。在一个实施例中,在通过压制将基底、第一层、第二层和饰面层压制在一起之后,基底可以包括在饰面元件中。在一个实施例中,饰面元件可以在压制后从基底上移除。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种饰面元件。饰面元件包括基底、布置在基底上的第一层、布置在第一层上的第二层以及布置在第二层上的饰面层,其中第一层通过饰面层的孔、裂缝和/或节疤可见,并且其中来自第二层的材料存在于饰面层中。
本发明的第二方面的实施例结合了本发明的第一方面的所有优点,这在前面已经讨论过,因此前面的讨论也适用于饰面元件。
饰面层可以是或包括木材饰面或软木饰面。
在饰面层的孔、裂缝或节疤处不存在来自第二层的材料。
饰面层的裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤可以至少部分地填充有来自至少第一层的材料。优选地,填充裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤等缺陷的材料与饰面层的上表面齐平。
第二层可适于防止来自第一层的材料透入和/或透过饰面层。因此,除了任何缺陷之外,饰面层在压制后基本上不受第一层材料的影响。
第二层可以是透明的或透光的。在本发明的上下文中,透光意味着第二层允许光通过,但不允许细节形状透过;半透明。
第一层可以包括颜料和/或染料。
第一层可以具有基本均匀的颜色。第一层可以在其水平延伸部分上基本均匀地着色。第一层可以在其垂直延伸方向上基本均匀地着色。
第二层可以具有基本均匀的颜色。第二层可以在其水平延伸部分上基本均匀地着色。第二层可以在其垂直延伸方向上基本均匀地着色。
第二层可以不含颜料和染料。
压制后,第二层可以具有与第一层不同的颜色。第二层可能在压制后沾染饰面层。
第一层可以包括热固性粘合剂。热固性粘合剂可以是氨基树脂,例如三聚氰胺甲醛、脲醛或其组合或者共聚物。
第二层可以包括热固性粘合剂。热固性粘合剂可以是氨基树脂,例如三聚氰胺甲醛、脲醛或其组合或者共聚物。
在一个实施例中,第一层和/或第二层可以包括热塑性粘合剂。第一层可以包括热塑性箔。
第一层和/或第二层可以进一步包括填料。填料可以是颗粒或纤维,例如木纤维或颗粒,或矿物颗粒或纤维。木颗粒可以是木质纤维素颗粒和/或纤维素颗粒。木颗粒可以至少部分漂白。
第一层和/或第二层可以包括耐磨颗粒和/或耐刮擦颗粒。优选地,至少第二层包括耐磨颗粒和/或耐刮擦颗粒。
第一层可以包括纸片,优选树脂浸渍的纸片。在第一层包括纸片的实施例中,纸片可以是彩色的。在第二层包括纸片的实施例中,纸片可以是例如用于层压地板的类型的覆层纸片压制后,这种覆层纸片是透明的。
基底可以包括基于木材的板(例如MDF、HDF板、刨花板)、热塑性塑料板、胶合板、薄芯板、饰面层(例如木材饰面或软木饰面)、片材/纸张(例如纸片)、无纺布、或传送带(conveyor)。在一个实施例中,在通过压制将基底、第一层、第二层和饰面层压制在一起之后,基底可以包括在饰面元件中。在一个实施例中,饰面元件可以在压制后从基底上移除。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供了一种生产饰面元件的方法。该方法可以包括在基底上施加第一层,在包括裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤的饰面层上施加液体,随后在饰面层上施加干燥粉末,将基底、第一层和饰面层与干燥粉末压制在一起以形成饰面元件。
本发明的第三方面的实施例可以结合先前已经讨论过的本发明的第一方面的所有优点,由此先前的讨论也适用于饰面元件。
附图说明
将参考示出本发明实施例的附图,通过示例更详细地描述本发明的实施例。
图1A-1C示出了根据一个实施例的生产饰面元件的方法。
图2示出了饰面元件的实施例的横截面。
图3示出了饰面元件的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1A-1C示出了生产饰面元件10的方法。饰面元件10可以是家具部件、建筑镶板(例如地板镶板、吊顶镶板、墙面镶板、门镶板)、操作台、踢脚板、模制件、边缘型材等。该方法包括提供基底1。基底1优选为预制基底,在生产饰面元件10的方法之前制成。基板1可以是板,例如,如图1-3所示的实施例中所示的基于木材的板。基于木材的板可以是基于木纤维的板(例如MDF、HDF板、刨花板等)或者胶合板。在另一些实施例中,基底1可以是木塑复合材料(WPC)。基底1可以是矿物复合板。基底1可以是纤维水泥板。基底1可以是氧化镁水泥板。基板1可以是陶瓷板。基板1可以是塑料板,例如热塑性塑料板。在另一个实施例中,基底1可以是载体(例如纸片、饰面层、或无纺布),或传送带。载体可以是树脂浸渍片材,例如树脂浸渍纸。
在图1A中,第一层2a被施加在基底1的第一表面上。在图1A所示的实施例中,第一层2a以粉末形式21施加。适于形成第一层2a的粉末21通过散布来施加,如图1A所示,例如通过散布装置20。第一层2a也可以作为粒料施加。在另一些实施例中,第一层2a可以作为液体、糊状物、片材等施加。第一层2a可以通过辊涂、喷涂等施加。
在本发明的上下文中,粉末最终是干燥形式的分散化学物质,更精确地说是包含作为成分的单个颗粒的分散固体。
在本发明的上下文中,团粒/粒料通常被理解为细小颗粒聚集形成更大的颗粒。
在一个实施例中(未示出),第一层2a包括浸渍有热固性粘合剂的片材。片材可以是纸片。片材可以被着色,和/或用于浸渍片材的粘合剂溶液可以被着色,使得片材在浸渍过程中被着色。
第一层2a包括颜料和/或染料。优选地,颜料和/或染料可以比将在该过程稍后施加的饰面层的天然颜色更暗。第一层2a优选具有均匀的颜色。第一层2a优选在水平方向上均匀着色。第一层2a优选在垂直方向上均匀着色。
水分可以施加到第一层2a。第一层2a可以例如通过应用红外线或近红外线来干燥。
在图1B中,液体或水分被施加在饰面层3上。饰面层3可以是木材饰面或软木饰面。饰面具有多孔结构,因此是可透入的。饰面层3可以具有大约0.2至1毫米的厚度。饰面层3可以是连续的或不连续的。饰面层3可以由几个饰面件形成。这些饰面件可以重叠或不重叠。饰面件之间可以形成间隙。
饰面层3可以包括缺陷6,例如孔、节疤和/或裂缝。所谓缺陷是指饰面中天然产生的缺陷,例如孔、腔、节疤和/或裂缝,以及在压制之前通过例如研磨加工、冲压、撕裂、刷涂、拉伸等形成的缺陷,例如孔、腔、节疤和/或裂缝。
液体可以是水、溶剂、粘合剂等。液体可以通过喷射装置24来施加。
在随后的步骤中,第二层2b被施加在饰面层3上。在图1B所示的实施例中,第二层2b以粉末形式23施加。适于形成第二层2b的粉末23通过散布来施加,如图1A所示,例如通过散布装置22。第二层2b也可以作为粒料施加。在另一些实施例中,第二层2b可以作为液体、糊状物、薄片等施加。第二层2b可以通过辊涂、喷涂等施加。
由于液体或水分已经施加到饰面层3上,以粉末形式施加的第二层2b将粘附到饰面层3的致密部分。然而,没有或基本上没有粉末会粘附到饰面层3的任何裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤上,因为没有材料可粘附。裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤是饰面层3中的空腔,因此缺乏粘附第二层2b的粉末的能力。因此,第二层2b仅存在于饰面层3的坚实/致密部分。在饰面层3的任何裂缝、空腔、孔和/或空腔处不存在或基本上不存在第二层2b。
布置在饰面层3上的第二层2b可以被稳定,例如通过施加红外线或近红外线。此后,具有粘附于其上的第二层2b的饰面层3可以被处理,例如,堆叠成片材或卷成连续卷。
在一个实施例中,第二层2b不含颜料和染料。第二层2b可以是无色的。
在一个实施例中,第二层2b包括颜料和/或染料。第二层2b的颜色可以不同于第一层2a的颜色。第二层2b的颜色可以适合于给饰面层3染色。
第一层2a和第二层2b包括粘合剂。粘合剂可以是热固性粘合剂、热塑性粘合剂或其组合。粘合剂可以是木材胶粘剂、木材填料或任何其他类型的油灰状糊状物。热固性粘合剂可以是氨基树脂,例如三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂或其组合。与仅使用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂时相比,脲醛树脂可单独使用或与三聚氰胺甲醛树脂结合使用,以降低固化过程中由第一层2a和/或第二层2b形成的张力/应力。热塑性粘合剂可以是聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚乙烯醇(PVOH)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)和/或热塑性弹性体(TPE),或其组合。
上述粘合剂在应用时可以是粉末形式。
在一个实施例中,第一层2a包括脲醛树脂,第二层包括三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。三聚氰胺甲醛树脂比脲醛树脂流动性更好,这可能会导致渗透/透入,但具有良好的透明度。
在一个实施例中,第二层2b包括脲醛树脂,第一层2a包括三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。脲醛树脂的流动性小于三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。为了提高脲醛树脂的透入性,粘合剂可以以液体形式施加。
在一个实施例中,第一层和第二层都包括脲醛树脂。
第一层2a和/或第二层2b可以由包含填料和上述类型的粘合剂的混合物形成。混合物可以进一步包含如上所述的颜料。混合物可以进一步包含添加剂。混合物还可以包含耐磨和/或耐刮擦的颗粒。作为混合物的替代,粘合剂、填料、颜料、添加剂和任何其它组分可以单独施加在基底1上。
填料可以是颗粒或纤维,例如木纤维或木颗粒,或者矿物颗粒或矿物纤维。木颗粒可以是木质纤维素颗粒和/或纤维素颗粒。木颗粒可以至少部分漂白。填料可以是大米、稻草、玉米、黄麻、亚麻、胡麻、棉花、大麻、竹子、甘蔗渣或剑麻颗粒或纤维。第一层和/或第二层2a、2b可以包括淀粉,例如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉等。
如果第二层2b包括木纤维或木颗粒,则纤维或颗粒优选至少部分漂白/脱色。
填料可以是具有吸声性能的填料,例如软木颗粒和/或硫酸钡(BaSO4)。
添加剂可以是润湿剂、抗静电剂(如炭黑)和导热添加剂(如铝)。其他可能的添加剂是磁性物质。
第一层2a和/或第二层2b也可以包括箔或片材/纸张。
添加剂例如发泡剂可以包含在第一层和/或第二层2a、2b中。发泡剂可以是物理发泡剂,例如膨胀剂(RTM),和/或化学发泡剂,例如AIBN(偶氮异丁腈)或ADC(偶氮二甲酰胺)。
第一层2a可以包括发泡剂,用于改善任何裂缝、空腔、孔和/或空腔的填充。
耐磨和/或耐刮擦颗粒可以是氧化铝颗粒和/或二氧化硅颗粒。
在一个实施例中,第一层2a和/或第二层2b基本上由粘合剂和可选添加剂组成,这意味着第一层2a和/或第二层2b的按重量百分比计至少90%是粘合剂和可选的添加剂。在一个实施例中,第一层2a和/或第二层2b不含任何纤维和/或填料。
添加剂可以是但不限于润湿剂、抗静电剂如炭黑、导热添加剂如铝;磁性物质;发泡剂,例如物理发泡剂(例如,膨胀剂(RTM)或化学发泡剂,例如AIBN(偶氮异丁腈)或ADC(偶氮二甲酰胺);催化剂。
第一层2a可以100-300g/m2的量施用,优选150-250g/m2,例如约200g/m2。用于第一层2a的粘合剂的量可以是50-150g/m2,优选75-125g/m2,例如约100g/m2。第一层2a可以包含重量百分比30%-80%,优选重量百分比40%-60%,例如重量百分比约50%的粘合剂。
第二层2b可以100-300g/m2的量施用,优选150-250g/m2,如果以粉末形式施用,例如约200g/m2。对于第二层2b,以粉末形式施加的粘合剂的量可以是50-150g/m2,优选75-125g/m2,例如约100g/m2。第二层2b可以包含重量百分比30%-80%,优选重量百分比40%-60%,例如重量百分比约50%的粘合剂。
在液体形式中,第二层可以以5-100g/m2的量施加。
第一层2a可以在施加贴有第二层2b的木材饰面层3之前被预压。具有第二层2b的饰面层3可以在压制之前预压制。
在图1C中,粘附有第二层2b的饰面层3布置在第一层2a上,布置在基底1上。第一层2a面向第二层2b。
平衡层也可以施加在基底1的下表面上。平衡层可以是作为粉末施加的基于粉末的平衡层。基于粉末的平衡层可以包括木颗粒,例如木质纤维素颗粒和/或纤维素颗粒,以及粘合剂,优选热固性粘合剂,例如氨基树脂。平衡层可以是树脂浸渍纸,优选浸渍有热固性粘合剂。平衡层可以包括饰面层,例如木材饰面或软木饰面。平衡层可以包括饰面层,例如布置在包含木颗粒(例如木质纤维素颗粒和/或纤维素颗粒)和粘合剂(优选热固性粘合剂,例如氨基树脂)的次层上的木材饰面或软木饰面。
如图1C所示,当粘附有第二层2b的饰面层3布置在布置在基底1上的第一层2a上时,压力施加到饰面层3和/或基底1上。压力可以通过连续压机30或不连续压机(未示出)施加。优选地,也加热。
如图2和3所示,压制后,形成饰面元件10。在一个实施例中,饰面层3、第一层2a和第二层2b以及基底1被压在一起,使得饰面元件10包括基底1。在另一些实施例中,饰面元件10在压制后从基底1移除。
压制后,第二层2b可以是透明的或者至少是透光的。第二层2b可以被着色或染色,但是可以至少保持透光。第二层2b可以在压制后通过具有高粘合剂含量而透明。如果第二层2b包括木纤维或颗粒,木纤维或颗粒优选为纤维素纤维或颗粒。木纤维或颗粒优选至少部分漂白。
在压制过程中,来自第二层2b的材料可以透入饰面层3。来自第二层2b的材料可以部分透入饰面层3或完全透入饰面层3。
如图2和3所示,在压制之后,缺陷6——例如孔、节疤和裂缝——被来自第一层2a的材料填充。优选地,用来自第一层2a的材料填充缺陷6(例如孔、节疤和裂缝)。优选地,来自第一层2a的材料与饰面层3的上表面4齐平。
在压制过程中,布置在第一层2a上的第二层2b至少防止第一层2a完全地透过饰面层3的坚实/致密部分。因此,饰面层3基本上不受第一层2a的影响。然而,在饰面层3的缺陷6——例如孔、节疤和裂缝——处,第一层2a填充缺陷6(例如孔、节疤和裂缝)。因此,可以获得饰面层3的可见设计,其中饰面层的缺陷6——例如孔、节疤和裂缝——比饰面层3的其余部分颜色更深。饰面层的其余部分基本上不受第一层2a的影响,从而饰面层3不会被第一层2a着色。“基本上不受影响”是指与如果饰面层3仅布置在第一层2a上、压制之后饰面层3的外观将会如何相比较而言。
在一个实施例中,第二层2b不含任何颜料和/或染料。因此,在压制后饰面层3不会被来自第二层2b的任何颜料或染料着色。饰面层3将仅受到例如第二层2b的粘合剂的影响。压制后,饰面层3具有其原始外观,或者至少基本上具有其原始外观,而任何缺陷6——例如节疤、孔和裂缝——将是可见的,并且填充有具有第一层2a的颜色的材料。
在一个实施例中,第二层2b包括颜料和/或染料。优选地,第二层2b的颜色不同于第一层2a的颜色。因此,由于第一层2a填充或至少部分填充缺陷6,通过压制过程中第二层2b的透入,压制后饰面层3的坚实/致密部分可被一种颜色(主要是第二层的颜色)着色,而任何缺陷6——例如节疤、孔和裂缝——将是可见的,并被着色为不同的颜色(主要是第一层的颜色)。
根据几个参数例如第一层和第二层2a、2b中的粘合剂浓度、第一层和第二层2a、2b中的含水量、施加的压力、第一层和第二层2a、2b中的气体压力和填料浓度,以及根据饰面层的厚度,可以控制第一层和第二层2a、2b的透入。通过控制这些参数,可以控制第一层2a和/或第二层2b透入饰面层的程度。
例如,在一个实施例中,其中第一层2a包括作为粘合剂的脲醛树脂,第二层2b包括作为粘合剂的脲醛树脂,第一层2a被第二层2b阻止透入饰面层3。因此,在压制之后,饰面层3的坚实/致密部分不受来自第一层2a的材料透入的影响。
在一个实施例中,其中第一层2a包括作为粘合剂的脲醛树脂,第二层2b包括作为粘合剂的三聚氰胺甲醛,第一层2a没有被第二层2b完全阻止透过饰面层3。在该实施例中,由于第二层2b的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂在压制过程中比脲醛树脂流动得更多,所以来自第一层2a的一些材料可以透入饰面层3。
在图2和3所示的实施例中,平衡层5设置在基底1的下表面9上。平衡层5可以是作为粉末施加的基于粉末的平衡层。基于粉末的平衡层可以包括木颗粒(例如木质纤维素颗粒和/或纤维素颗粒),以及粘合剂(优选热固性粘合剂,例如氨基树脂)。平衡层5可以是树脂浸渍纸,优选浸渍有热固性粘合剂。平衡层5可以包括饰面层,例如木材饰面或软木饰面。平衡层5可以包括饰面层,例如布置在包含木颗粒(例如木质纤维素颗粒和/或纤维素颗粒)和粘合剂(优选热固性粘合剂,例如氨基树脂)的次层上的木材饰面或软木饰面。
在图2和3所示的实施例中,基底1是板,例如基于木材的板、刨花板、热塑性塑料板、胶合板、薄芯板等。在另一些实施例中,基底可以是片材(例如纸片)、无纺布、或饰面层(例如木材饰面层或软木饰面层)。
此外,保护层(未示出)可以施加到饰面层3。保护层可以是涂层,例如一个或几个漆层。涂层可以是丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯涂层,例如聚氨酯涂层。涂层可以包含耐磨和/或耐刮擦的颗粒。保护层可以是包含耐磨颗粒的覆盖纸。如在WO 2011/129755中所述,保护层可以是粉末覆盖层,其包括经加工的木纤维、粘合剂和作为混合物施加在饰面表面上的耐磨颗粒。如果保护层包括或为覆盖纸或粉末覆盖层,优选在施加热和压力的步骤之前施加保护层。因此,保护层在与将饰面层3附着到第一层和第二层2a、2b以及基底1的同一步骤中被固化并附着到饰面层。
饰面元件10可以进一步以不同的方式处理,例如刷涂、涂油、上漆、上蜡等。
保护性涂层(未示出)也可以在压制之前施加到饰面层3上。在一个实施例中,在压制之前,蜡粉例如分散地施加在饰面层的背离基底1的上表面上。在压制过程中,蜡粉形成饰面元件10的保护性涂层。
在压制之前或之后,保护箔(未示出)也可以施加在饰面层3上。保护箔可以是热塑性箔,例如聚氨酯或聚氯乙烯箔。
在附图中,第一层2a和第二层2b显示为两个独立的层。然而,在压制之后,第一层2a和第二层2b可以流入彼此,使得层之间不存在边界。
可以设想,这里描述的实施例有许多修改,这些修改仍然在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围内。当本规范中的“大约”一词与数值一起使用时,相关的数值应包括所述数值周围+/-10%的偏差。
示例
将500g/m2的粉末组合物——该粉末组合物包括由木粉、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂和棕色颜料组成的干燥混合物——散布在HDF板上以形成第一层。用25g/m2的水喷洒包括大的孔和裂缝的0.6毫米橡木饰面。将100g/m2的粉末组合物——该粉末组合物包括由木粉、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂和黑色颜料组成的干燥混合物——散布在湿的饰面上,形成第二层。
以第一粉末层和第二粉末层相互面对的方式将饰面放置在HDF板的顶部上。
在160℃使用40巴的压制力将HDF板和饰面热压制30秒,得到饰面元件,其中形成第二层的黑色粉末组合物在饰面的微小裂缝和孔隙中可见,形成第一层的棕色粉末组合物在饰面的大的孔和裂缝中可见。
Claims (25)
1.一种生产饰面元件的方法,该方法包括:
将第一层施加在基底上,
将第二层施加在饰面层上,
将施加有第二层的饰面层施加在第一层上,使得第二层面对第一层,
将第一层、第二层和饰面层压制在一起以形成饰面元件,由此来自第二层的材料透入饰面层中,并且
其中,在压制之后,第一层通过饰面层的至少一个缺陷例如裂缝、空腔、孔和/或节疤是可见的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在压制过程中,饰面层的例如裂缝、孔和/或节疤的缺陷至少部分地被来自第一层的材料填充。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中将第二层施加在饰面层上包括将液体施加在饰面层上,并且随后将干燥粉末施加在饰面层上以形成第二层。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中第二层作为浆料施加。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中没有第二层附着至饰面层的缺陷例如饰面层的裂缝、孔和/或节疤。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,在压制过程中,第二层防止来自第一层的材料透入饰面层中。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中第一层包括颜料和/或染料。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中第一层具有基本均匀的颜色。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中第二层不含颜料和染料。
10.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中,在压制之后,第二层具有不同于第一层的颜色。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中在压制之后第二层是透明的或透光的。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中第一层包括热固性粘合剂。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中第二层包括热固性粘合剂。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中第一层以干燥粉末形式施加。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中基底包括基于木材的板、刨花板、热塑性塑料板、胶合板、薄芯板、饰面层、片材或无纺布。
16.一种饰面元件,包括
基底,
布置在基底上的第一层,
布置在第一层上的第二层,以及
布置在第二层上的饰面层,其中第一层通过饰面层的缺陷诸如孔、空腔、裂缝和/或节疤是可见的,并且其中来自第二层的材料存在于饰面层中。
17.根据权利要求16所述的饰面元件,其中,在饰面层的缺陷(例如孔、空腔、裂缝或节疤)中不存在来自所述第二层的材料。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的饰面元件,其中饰面层的缺陷例如空腔、裂缝、孔和/或节疤至少部分地由来自至少第一层的材料填充。
19.根据权利要求16-18中任一项所述的饰面元件,其中第二层是透明的或透光的。
20.根据权利要求16-19中任一项所述的饰面元件,其中第二层适于防止来自第一层的材料透入饰面层中。
21.根据权利要求16-20中任一项所述的饰面元件,其中第一层包括颜料和/或染料。
22.根据权利要求16-21中任一项所述的饰面元件,其中第一层具有基本均匀的颜色。
23.根据权利要求16-22中任一项所述的饰面元件,其中第二层不含颜料和染料。
24.根据权利要求16-22中任一项所述的饰面元件,其中第二层具有不同于第一层的颜色。
25.根据权利要求16-24中任一项所述的饰面元件,其中,所述基底包括基于木材的板、刨花板、热塑性塑料板、胶合板、薄芯板、饰面层、片材或无纺布。
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EP3737560A1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
US11738540B2 (en) | 2023-08-29 |
US20190210330A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
US10981362B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
EP3737560A4 (en) | 2021-10-13 |
CN111542432B (zh) | 2023-01-10 |
US20210197534A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
CA3085983A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
WO2019139523A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
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