CN118020563A - Method for picking multiple stubbles of exposed red Chinese toon autumn buds in mountain area - Google Patents
Method for picking multiple stubbles of exposed red Chinese toon autumn buds in mountain area Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese toon planting, and discloses a method for picking multiple stubbles of red Chinese toon autumn buds in open field in mountain areas, which comprises the steps of selecting and planting robust Chinese toon trees in a Chinese toon garden for two years or more, and carrying out S1 and stumping; s2, bud retention; s3, intertillage; s4, topdressing; s5, dwarfing; s6, pest control; s7, removing leaves; s8, sprouting fertilizer; s9, harvesting autumn buds; s10, managing autumn. The invention provides a method for picking multiple stubbles of autumn buds of red cedrela sinensis in open field in mountain areas, which is characterized in that a dwarfing tree body is updated by manually breaking dormancy mode of the cedrela sinensis, a robust single-stem tree is cultivated, germination of tender buds is promoted, and the method for picking multiple stubbles of red cedrela sinensis in open field in autumn in mountain areas is realized, so that fresh cedrela sinensis buds with brownish red and bright color, strong fragrance and good quality are picked, the picking period is long, and the yield is high; meanwhile, the cultivation management production cost is low, the picking is light, simple and efficient, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese toon planting, and particularly relates to a method for picking multiple stubbles of autumn buds of red Chinese toon in open field in a mountain area.
Background
The Chinese toon is also called Chinese toon sprout, chinese toon head and Chinese toon cation tree, belongs to perennial deciduous tree of Meliaceae, and is mainly distributed between yellow river basin and Yangtze river basin. The toona sinensis is a good variety in the toona sinensis genus and is also a main planting variety in Shandong province. The young buds sprouted in early spring contain protein, fat, sugar, carotene, vitamins, crude fiber, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron, toona sinensis extract and the like, and have the effects of clearing heat, detoxicating, stopping bleeding, killing parasites, strengthening spleen, regulating qi and the like. The toona sinensis is crisp, tender, delicious, rich in fragrance and extremely high in nutritive value.
The mountain area in Linqu county has sufficient illumination, large day and night temperature difference, pure water quality and unique landform, soil quality, illumination and climate conditions, and is very suitable for cultivation and planting of red cedrela sinensis. The obtained Chinese toon sprouts have the advantages of purple red whole body, thick stem and leaf, aromatic flavor, tender meat quality, no slag in mouth and superior quality. Linqu greenhouse red cedrela sinensis is commonly marketed for a period of time from the last ten days of 11 months to the last ten days of 2 months of the next year, multi-stubble picking can be realized, and the economic benefit is remarkable. The exposed red cedrela sinensis is obviously affected by seasons, is only picked for one to two stubbles in spring, and is not picked any more after a harvesting period of less than one month. The fresh Chinese toon sprouts have a supply blank period of several months when being on the market, which is influenced by environmental conditions and cultivation technology, can not meet the demands of consumers and is unfavorable for the healthy development of Chinese toon industry.
In the prior art, as disclosed in Chinese patent publication CN116530352A, the annual bud picking and open field efficient cultivation method of the Chinese toon breaks through season limitation, has long growth cycle, can uninterruptedly pick the fresh edible Chinese toon buds with commodity, has high yield and improves economic benefit. But the technical scheme is suitable for the high-temperature and high-humidity areas of Sichuan, can not solve the technical problems of wide application of the red cedrela sinensis in the open field in mountain areas, and meanwhile, the prior art needs to adopt a facility technology, and has longer cultivation period and high cost. Therefore, a red Chinese toon cultivation management method for realizing continuous multi-stubble harvesting of fresh high-quality Chinese toon buds, prolonging the supply period and solving the blank period is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for picking multiple stubbles of red Chinese toon sprouts in open field in mountain areas, which selects strong Chinese toon tree in a Chinese toon garden, and utilizes natural conditions of cool autumn climate in mountain areas, abundant precipitation in 8-9 months in rainy season and 15-DEG temperature difference between day and night to artificially break dormancy of the Chinese toon tree by means of stumping, threshing and the like, promote tree bodies to update sprouting and bud, realize bright brown red, aromatic and excellent-quality fresh red Chinese toon sprouts which naturally grow in open field autumn in multiple stubbles in mountain areas, and solve the problems of long cultivation period and high cost in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for picking multiple stubbles of red Chinese toon autumn buds in open field in mountain areas, which selects and plants the robust Chinese toon tree in a Chinese toon garden for two years or more, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stumping: harvesting first and second stubbles of red Chinese toon buds in spring, stumping and cutting the Chinese toon tree, and promoting germination of new seedlings;
S2, bud retention: selecting and reserving strong buds in good time before and after mid-July, and erasing young weak buds;
S3, intertillage: timely carrying out intertillage, scraping, hoeing and loosening the soil after rain, breaking the soil hardening and removing weeds in the garden;
S4, additional fertilizer: soil moisture is used for topdressing according to the growth vigor of the Chinese toon tree in June and June to June;
S5, dwarfing: at the bottom of six months to the beginning of July, dwarfing the toona sinensis tree with vigorous growth tendency;
s6, pest control: in the last ten days of June to August, the red cedrela sinensis can possibly generate rust disease and insect damage of the cicada, and if the damage happens, the damage should be prevented and treated in time;
s7, defoliating: selecting a cedrela sinensis tree with good lignification, formed terminal buds and new branches in mid-August, removing all the complex leaves of the trunk, and covering the complex leaves around a tree disk;
s8, sprout dressing fertilizer: 10 days after the step S7, when the buds of the Chinese toon sprout, applying Gao Jia ternary compound fertilizer 15-20 kg per mu;
S9, harvesting autumn buds: and 20-25 days after the step S7, picking the toona sinensis buds, wherein 3-4 stubbles can be picked before frost.
S10, autumn management: after autumn buds are harvested, spreading thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure in a garden as a base fertilizer, and turning the fertilizer into soil in combination with intertillage;
preferably, the planting method is suitable for open field planting of red cedrela sinensis areas.
Further preferably, the planting method is particularly suitable for planting the mountain areas with cool red cedrela sinensis climate.
Preferably, the Chinese toon garden is planted on a mountain sunny slope and a semi-sunny slope with loose and deep soil, good air permeability and high organic matter content, and the Chinese toon is red, strong in adaptability, strong in stress resistance, good in quality, brownish red, bright in color, thick, fat, tender, juicy, rich in fragrance, delicious in taste and rich in nutrition.
Further preferably, the planting method of the Chinese toon tree in the Chinese toon garden comprises the steps of selecting annual healthy and high-quality tree seedlings with high lignification degree, full top buds, strong and developed root systems and no plant diseases from 80-100 cm of the root tiller breeding height, 80-100 cm of the stem thickness at the 10cm position on the ground part, transplanting the tree seedlings with root lumps in soil moisture into planting holes, planting the tree seedlings in each hole according to the row spacing of 80-100 cm, the plant spacing of 35-40 cm and 1800-2000 plants per mu before sprouting of the tree seedlings in the early spring soil-thawed seedlings;
further preferably, the planting of the Chinese toon tree in the current year is that after field planting, stubble cutting and chopping are carried out at the position of 15-20 cm or 5-8 cm of the seedling leaving the ground, soil loosening and weeding are carried out in time after rain, new buds grow to 18-20 cm, 1-2 strong buds are reserved, NPK ternary compound fertilizer 15-20 kg is applied by soil moisture ditching or hole application for 6-7 months, 5-10 kg urea is additionally added to barren land, and foot base fertilizer is applied by combining intertillage after fallen leaves.
Preferably, in the step S1, after spring buds are harvested, stumping and chopping are immediately carried out at the position 15-20 cm of the trunk of the Chinese toon, so that the dwarfing of the tree seedlings is realized, the germination and bud strengthening are promoted, and the germination and full bud is inoculated.
Preferably, in the step S2, when the new-born young buds grow to 18-20 cm, 1-2 strong buds are selected and reserved, other weak buds are removed, and the strong single-stem tree is cultivated.
Preferably, in the step S3, the seedlings are cultivated, loosened and weeding is carried out for 2-3 times after the period of growing the seedlings is rained, and the weed is piled around the tree disk. The intertillage hoe can break soil hardening, remove field weeds, store water, preserve soil moisture and prevent drought, increase the organic matter content of soil, increase the air permeability of soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, facilitate the growth of root systems of Chinese toons, and effectively prevent the seedlings from being dried up due to the crazy expansion of weeds.
Preferably, in the step S4, when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm and 100-120 cm, the NPK ternary compound fertilizer 15-25-kg is applied after rain by soil moisture, the growth of the Chinese toon is promoted, the lignification is accelerated, and full buds are formed.
It is further preferred that the fertilizer is applied in furrows or holes from the trunk 20 cm.
Further preferably, urea is applied more than 8-12 kg per mu to the lean Chinese toon seedlings of the barren land.
Preferably, in the step S5, 15% of paclobutrazol wettable powder is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the vigorous-growth Chinese toon tree with the plant height of more than 120 cm, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days, and the spraying is carried out twice. The 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder is sprayed on leaf surfaces for 200 times of liquid, so that the biosynthesis of gibberellin in plants is inhibited, the growth speed of the plants is slowed down, the elongation of crop stems is controlled, the dwarfing of Chinese toon seedlings is promoted, strong buds are formed by cultivation, and the yield is improved.
Preferably, in step S6, powdery rust is prevented by spraying with triazolone, and maculosa is prevented by spraying with abamectin or imidacloprid.
Preferably, in the step S7, the toona sinensis tree with good lignification, formed terminal buds and new branches is selected, and the toona sinensis tree is easy to germinate to generate strong, full and high-quality toona sinensis buds.
Further preferably, the removal of the leaves of the cedrela sinensis is carried out with care not to damage the tree body and the embryo.
Further preferably, the removed compound leaves are covered around the tree disk, so that water can be stored, moisture can be preserved, the temperature can be reduced, the growth of weeds in the field can be effectively prevented, and the sprouting and the growth of the ailanthus altissima can be facilitated.
Preferably, the Chinese toon bud picking method specifically includes that when the Chinese toon buds grow to 18-20 cm, the Chinese toon buds are broken off from the base of the leaf stalk once in the morning, and the Chinese toon buds are placed in a turnover box with good ventilation property, and top buds are picked first and side buds are picked later. The bud picking in the morning can effectively prevent the quality of the toona sinensis buds from being affected due to lignification.
Preferably, in the step S10, 3000-4000 kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu of toona sinensis garden as a base fertilizer, 15-20 cm of fertilizer is cultivated, and the fertilizer is turned into soil, so that the organic matter content of the soil can be improved, the soil permeability is improved, the soil heat storage, water retention and fertilizer retention are enhanced, the root growth capacity is enhanced, the anti-freezing and cold-resistant capacities are enhanced, the toona sinensis is benefited to overwintering, and the quality and taste of the toona sinensis buds are improved.
Preferably, the autumn bud picking Chinese toon has high nutrient consumption, and the second autumn bud picking can be carried out after one year.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. The invention provides a method for picking multiple stubbles of open-field red Chinese toon buds in mountain areas, which is characterized in that the dormancy of the Chinese toon tree is manually broken by selecting a robust Chinese toon tree in an open-field Chinese toon garden and utilizing modes of stumping, threshing and the like, and the tree body is promoted to update and germinate new buds, so that the season limit of picking the Chinese toon buds in spring of the open-field red Chinese toon is broken through, the natural growing brown red bright, aromatic and excellent fresh Chinese toon buds in multiple stubbles in autumn in the mountain areas are realized, and the annual supply of the red Chinese toon is realized.
2. According to the application, by utilizing a seedling raising and breeding mode of the root tillers of the exposed Chinese toon tree, the fresh Chinese toon tender shoots are inoculated and grown in autumn of the exposed Chinese toon in the mountain area by means of natural conditions of cool climate in autumn and abundant precipitation in 8-9 months and 15-degree temperature difference between day and night in the mountain area. The application breaks through the technical limitation that the multi-stubble picking of the Chinese toon sprouts starts to cultivate from seeds, solves the problems of long cultivation period and high cost in the prior art, breaks through the limitation of realizing the multi-stubble of the Chinese toon sprouts by adopting a facility technology, realizes the wide-area autumn picking of the Chinese toon sprouts of the exposed red Chinese toon in the mountain area, simultaneously maintains excellent properties of root tiller seedling raising, has light, simple and efficient seedling raising, management, picking and the like, has low production cost, is planted for many years, and has remarkable economic benefit.
3. The invention realizes the dwarfing of the updated tree body and the nursery stock, promotes the germination and the strong buds, and cultivates the strong dwarfed single-stem tree and the strong tender buds by stumping and chopping the trunk of the Chinese toon at 15-20 cm parts from the ground and selecting and reserving 1-2 new strong buds.
4. The disease and pest control date and dwarfing treatment time completely avoid the growth and picking period of the tender shoots of the Chinese toon, realize green and harmless chemical-free picking of the Chinese toon shoots and have obvious ecological benefit; meanwhile, spraying paclobutrazol on the leaves of the vigorous growth Chinese toon tree of more than 120 cm to dwarf the Chinese toon seedlings and promote the cultivation to form strong buds.
5. In mid-August, the Chinese toon tree with better lignification, formed terminal buds and new branches is selected, all branches and leaves are removed, the branches and leaves removed from the Chinese toon tree are covered around the tree body of the Chinese toon tree, the branches and leaves are removed, so that the germination of the Chinese toon tree is promoted, the removed branches and leaves play a role in storing water, preserving moisture and reducing temperature, meanwhile, the growth of weeds in the field is effectively prevented, and the germination and the growth of the Chinese toon tree are facilitated.
6. The invention scientifically applies the three-element compound fertilizer in the growth period and the germination period of the seedlings by means of soil moisture, promotes the growth of the Chinese toon, quickens the lignification, forms full buds, grows the Chinese toon buds which are fat, tender and healthy, improves the quality of the Chinese toon buds and improves the yield of the Chinese toon buds. Simultaneously, the farmyard manure or the organic fertilizer which is decomposed by time base application can improve the organic matter content of soil, improve the permeability of the soil, strengthen the heat and water storage and fertilizer retention of the soil, strengthen the growth capacity of root systems, improve the anti-freezing and cold-resistant capacity, facilitate the overwintering of the Chinese toon, and improve the quality and taste of the Chinese toon buds.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for picking multiple stubbles of the autumn buds of the exposed red cedrela sinensis in a mountain area according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The contents of the present invention can be more easily understood by referring to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention and examples included. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, definitions, will control.
The invention provides a method for picking multiple stubbles of autumn buds of red Chinese toon in open field in mountain areas, which is characterized in that the dormancy mode of the Chinese toon is manually broken, so that the Chinese toon is promoted to germinate and tender buds, and the fresh Chinese toon buds are picked in multiple stubbles in autumn of the open field in mountain areas, and the picking period is long, the yield is high and the quality is good; low production cost of cultivation management, light, simple and efficient picking and remarkable economic benefit.
Example 1:
The cedrela sinensis garden in the embodiment is planted on the sunny slope and the semi-sunny slope of hilly mountain land, the temperature difference between day and night in autumn is about 15 degrees, 8-9 months is rainy, the rain is abundant, the precipitation is large and frequent, the growth of cedrela sinensis buds and the manufacture and accumulation of nutrients are facilitated, the sufficient illumination is beneficial to chlorophyll conversion and coloring, and the red cedrela sinensis with bright color, aromatic flavor and excellent quality is inoculated.
Specifically, the seedling raising process of the red cedrela sinensis comprises the following steps:
variety selection: the Chinese toon has strong adaptability to the variety of Chinese toon, strong stress resistance, good quality, brownish red bright color, strong fertilizer, tender and succulent color, strong fragrance, delicious taste and rich nutrition.
Seedling raising of root tillers: the strong Chinese toon seedlings before and after frost fall are dug out from the open field Chinese toon garden into a shed, a plurality of residual roots are left around the dug pit holes, and root tillers around the spring parent tree naturally sprout to grow into seedlings in the coming years. The seedling raising of root tillers can keep the excellent properties of the parents.
Seedling management: in the embodiment, when the seedling height is 20-25 cm, thinning and setting seedlings are prepared, robust Chinese toon seedlings are reserved, redundant weak seedlings are transplanted, and the seedlings 2060 are reserved according to the row spacing of 85 cm, the plant spacing of 38 cm and the acre. After rain and watering, the weeding and lifting Wen Baoshang are cultivated in time, weeds are removed, hardening is broken, soil permeability is improved, and seedling root growth is promoted. And combining cultivation, covering the fallen leaves of the weeds around the tree disk, resisting drought, preserving soil moisture and increasing organic matter content. And (3) during 6 to 7 months, ditching or digging pits by soil moisture mu after rain to apply the NPK ternary compound fertilizer 20 kg, and applying 10 kg urea to the thin and weak Chinese toon seedlings to promote the growth of the Chinese toon seedlings and accelerate lignification to form full buds. After autumn seedlings fall leaves, applying 3000-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, improving the organic matter content of soil, and intertillage and soil loosening.
The planting process of the red cedrela sinensis comprises the following steps:
Soil preparation and hole digging: the mountain sunny slope with loose, deep and fertile soil, good air permeability and high organic matter content is selected. And applying decomposed farmyard manure 3000-4000 kg as base fertilizer in 10-11 months, and deep ploughing and soil preparation in combination with fertilizer application, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 25: 25 cm. The planting holes with depths of 20 cm and 20 cm square are dug according to the row spacing of 85 cm and the hole spacing of 38 cm.
Transplanting and planting: before the seedlings sprout after the early spring soil is frozen, the seedling height is 80-100 cm, the stem at the position of the overground part 10 cm is 80-100 cm, the lignification degree is high, the terminal buds are full, the root system is strong and developed, the seedlings without diseases and insect pests are high-quality strong, the seedlings are transplanted by lifting the seedlings with root plugs through soil moisture, the root systems of the seedlings are kept complete, the side roots are prevented from being damaged, the seedlings are placed in the center in a cave, the root systems are stretched, the soil is buried while the soil is compacted, and the soil burying depth is equal to or slightly higher than the original rhizosphere line. Planting each hole of single plant, and planting 2000 plants per mu.
And (3) managing after planting: after field planting, stumping and chopping are carried out at 15-20 cm or 5-8 cm of the seedling, and the upper seedling is subtracted. When the new-born buds grow to 20cm, 1-2 strong buds are reserved, and other weak buds are removed. And (3) cultivating, loosening soil and weeding for 2-3 times in time after rain, applying 15-20 kg of NPK ternary compound fertilizer by soil moisture ditching or hole application for 6-7 months, additionally applying 10-kg urea to the young Chinese toon, applying 3000-4000 kg of base fertilizer in autumn after leaf falling, and turning the fertilizer into the soil in combination with cultivation.
The method for picking the multiple cropping of the strong Chinese toon tree in autumn in the two years or more is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stumping: harvesting first and second stubbles of red Chinese toon buds in spring, stumping and chopping at 15-20 cm parts of the trunk of the Chinese toon from the ground to realize dwarfing of the updated tree seedlings, promoting germination and strengthening buds, and inoculating germinated plump buds;
s2, bud retention: before and after mid-July, when the new-born young buds grow to 18-20 cm, selecting 1-2 strong buds, removing other weak buds, and facilitating cultivation of strong seedlings and strong branches;
S3, intertillage: and (3) timely carrying out intertillage, scratching, hoeing and scarifying after rain, intertillage, scarifying and weeding for 2-3 times after rain in the seedling growing period, and piling the mixed grass around the tree disk. The intertillage hoe can break soil hardening, remove field weeds, store water, preserve soil moisture and prevent drought, increase the organic matter content of the soil, increase the air permeability of the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, facilitate the growth of root systems of the Chinese toons, and effectively prevent the dry seedlings due to the crazy rising of weeds;
S4, additional fertilizer: the soil moisture is utilized for topdressing according to the growth vigor of the Chinese toon tree in June and June to July, when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm and 100-120 cm, the NPK ternary compound fertilizer 20kg is utilized for topdressing after rain, the fertilizer is utilized for ditch application or hole application from the trunk 20 cm, the growth of the Chinese toon tree is promoted, the lignification is accelerated, and full buds are formed. The urea is applied to the lean Chinese toon seedlings 8-12 kg per mu;
S5, dwarfing: and (3) at the beginning of six months to seven months, spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder on the leaf surfaces of the vigorous and long Chinese toon with the plant height of more than 120 cm, and spraying once every 10 days for two times. The 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder is sprayed on leaf surfaces for 200 times of liquid, so that the biosynthesis of gibberellin in plants is inhibited, the growth speed of the plants is slowed down, the elongation of crop stems is controlled, the dwarfing of Chinese toon seedlings is realized, the formation of strong buds is promoted, and the yield is improved.
S6, pest control: in the last ten days of June to August, red cedrela sinensis can be damaged by rust disease and maculosa, and in the early stage of disease, triazolone is sprayed to prevent and treat rust disease, and abamectin or imidacloprid is sprayed to prevent and treat maculosa.
S7, defoliating: selecting a cedrela sinensis tree with good lignification, formed terminal buds and new branches in mid-August, removing all the compound leaves of the trunk, taking care of not damaging the tree body and embryo, covering the removed compound leaves around a tree disk, storing water, preserving moisture and reducing temperature, effectively preventing the growth of weeds in the field, and being beneficial to the germination and growth of the cedrela sinensis;
s8, sprout dressing fertilizer: after 10 days of defoliation, when the buds of the Chinese toon sprout, applying Gao Jia ternary compound fertilizer 15-20 kg per mu;
S9, harvesting autumn buds: when the Chinese toon buds grow to 18-20 cm days after removing leaves for 20-25 days, the Chinese toon buds are broken off from the leaf stalks once in the early morning, and the Chinese toon buds are orderly placed in a turnover box with good air permeability, the terminal buds are picked first, the side buds are picked later, and 3-4 stubbles can be picked before frost. After the picked Chinese toon sprouts are subjected to heat dissipation and moisture reduction treatment, the Chinese toon sprouts are timely arranged into small bundles of 100-200 g, and the small bundles are put into a plastic bag, a non-woven fabric bag or a vegetable packaging box, and are put into a fresh-keeping box with dry ice and ice bags and with non-woven fabric or water absorption paper serving as isolation layers for sealing;
s10, autumn management: after autumn buds are harvested, applying 3000-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of toona sinensis garden as a base fertilizer, and turning the fertilizer into soil in combination with intertillage, wherein the cultivation depth is 15-20 cm;
the nutrient consumption of the Chinese toon tree for picking autumn buds is high, and the second autumn bud picking can be carried out after one year.
210Kg of Chinese toon sprouts are picked up in spring and 213 kg of Chinese toon sprouts are picked up in autumn.
Example 2:
example 2 differs from example 1 in that the cedrela sinensis garden is planted on the hilly mountain sunny slope, the three-year old robust red cedrela sinensis tree has medium soil fertility, the row spacing is 85 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, the mu planting of the 1960 plant of the cedrela sinensis tree, and other cultivation and picking methods are the same as in example 1. The Chinese toon sprouts are picked up 215 kg in spring and 214kg in autumn.
Example 3:
example 3 is different from example 1 in that the cedrela sinensis garden is planted on the hilly mountain sunny slope, the healthy and strong red cedrela sinensis tree of five years of ages is rich in soil, the row spacing is 90 cm, the plant spacing is 37 cm, 2000 cedrela sinensis plants are planted per mu, and other cultivation and picking methods are the same as example 1. The Chinese toon sprouts 248 kg are picked up in spring and 250 kg are picked up in autumn.
Example 4:
example 4 differs from example 1 in that the cedrela sinensis garden is planted on the hilly mountain sunny slope, the healthy red cedrela sinensis tree of five years old is poor in soil fertility, the row spacing is 90 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, the cedrela sinensis 1850 is planted per mu, 10kg of urea is applied to the poor land more per mu, and other cultivation and picking methods are the same as in example 1. The Chinese toon sprouts 202 kg are picked up in spring and 205 kg are picked up in autumn.
In combination with the above example, the traditional planted red Chinese toon sprouts can be picked up at 200-250 kg per mu in mountain area and in spring, the market selling price is 10 yuan/kg, the mu income is 2000-2500 yuan, after dormancy of the Chinese toon is broken manually, the Chinese toon sprouts can be picked up at 200-250 kg per mu in autumn, the market selling price is 14 yuan/kg, the mu income is increased by 2800-3500 yuan, the income is increased by times, and the economic benefit is obvious. If the weather conditions such as abundant rainwater, sufficient illumination, higher autumn temperature, no frost delay and the like are more suitable in the current year, the picking yield of the red cedrela sinensis in autumn can be further greatly improved.
The red Chinese toon sprouts cultivated by the method have the advantages of bright color, aromatic flavor, good quality and good taste, and are purely natural green vegetable precious products. Meanwhile, the cultivation management production cost is low, the picking is light, simple and efficient, and the method is suitable for popularization and application in the mountain area open field cedrela sinensis garden.
Claims (10)
1. A method for picking multiple stubbles of red Chinese toon autumn buds in open field in mountain areas is characterized by selecting and planting robust Chinese toon trees in a Chinese toon garden for two years or more, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stumping: harvesting first and second stubbles of red Chinese toon buds in spring, stumping and cutting the Chinese toon tree, and promoting germination of new seedlings;
S2, bud retention: selecting and reserving strong buds in good time before and after mid-July, and erasing young weak buds;
S3, intertillage: timely carrying out intertillage, scraping, hoeing and loosening the soil after rain, breaking the soil hardening and removing weeds in the garden;
S4, additional fertilizer: soil moisture is used for topdressing according to the growth vigor of the Chinese toon tree in June and June to June;
S5, dwarfing: at the bottom of six months to the beginning of July, dwarfing the toona sinensis tree with vigorous growth tendency;
s6, pest control: in the last ten days of June to August, the red cedrela sinensis can possibly generate rust disease and insect damage of the cicada, and if the damage happens, the damage should be prevented and treated in time;
s7, defoliating: selecting a cedrela sinensis tree with good lignification, formed terminal buds and new branches in mid-August, removing all the complex leaves of the trunk, and covering the complex leaves around a tree disk;
s8, sprout dressing fertilizer: 10 days after the step S7, when the buds of the Chinese toon sprout, applying Gao Jia ternary compound fertilizer 15-20 kg per mu;
S9, harvesting autumn buds: picking Chinese toon buds 20-25 days after the step S7, and picking 3-4 stubbles before frost;
S10, autumn management: after autumn buds are harvested, applying decomposed farmyard manure in the garden as a base fertilizer, and turning the fertilizer into soil in combination with intertillage.
2. The method for picking multiple stubbles of the exposed red cedrela sinensis autumn buds in a mountain area according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cedrela sinensis garden is planted on a mountain sunny slope and a semi sunny slope with loose and deep soil, good air permeability and high organic matter content; the Chinese toon variety is red Chinese toon with strong adaptability, strong stress resistance, good quality, brownish red bright color, strong fertilizer, tender and succulent color, strong fragrance, delicious taste and rich nutrition; the Chinese toon garden contains 1800-2000 plants of Chinese toon tree planted in each mu, the row spacing is 80-100 cm, and the plant spacing is 35-40 cm.
3. The method for picking multiple stubbles of red cedrela sinensis autumn buds in open field in mountain areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, stubble leveling and chopping are carried out at the position 15-20 cm where the trunk of the cedrela sinensis is separated from the ground, and the trunk at the upper part is cut off.
4. The method for picking multiple stubbles of the exposed red cedrela sinensis autumn buds in a mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, when the newly grown buds grow to 18-20 cm, 1-2 strong buds are selected.
5. The method for picking multiple stubbles of the exposed red cedrela sinensis buds in mountainous areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, after the seedling is rained in the growing period, the soil is cultivated in time for weeding for 2-3 times, and meanwhile, the mixed grass is piled around a tree disk.
6. The method for picking multiple stubbles of the exposed red cedrela sinensis buds in mountainous areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, when the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm and 100-120 cm, the NPK ternary compound fertilizer 15-25-kg is applied by soil moisture after rain, and the lean seedlings of barren plots are additionally applied with urea 8-12-kg.
7. The method for picking multiple stubbles of the exposed red cedrela sinensis buds in mountainous areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the wettable powder of paclobutrazol is sprayed on the leaves of the vigorous growth tree seedlings with the plant height of more than 120 cm, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days, and two times.
8. The method for picking multiple stubbles of red cedrela sinensis autumn buds in open field in mountain areas according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, triadimefon is used for spray control of rust disease, and abamectin or imidacloprid is used for spray control of maculosa.
9. The method for picking multiple stubbles of red Chinese toon sprouts in open field in mountain areas according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that when the Chinese toon sprouts grow to 18-20 cm, the Chinese toon sprouts are broken off from the base of a leaf stalk once in the morning, and are placed in a turnover box with good ventilation property, top buds are picked first and side buds are picked later.
10. The method for picking multiple autumn buds of the red cedrela sinensis in the open field in a mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, the decomposed farmyard manure is spread for 3000-4000 kg per mu, and the cultivation depth is 15-20 cm.
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