CN115500200A - Cultivation management method for late-maturing blood oranges - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation management method of late-maturing blood oranges, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting land; s2, dividing the cells, flexibly setting planting row directions, and setting a main drainage ditch on a catchment line; s3, digging planting furrows, backfilling the planting furrows, then manufacturing tree trays, digging planting holes on the tree trays and planting nursery stocks; s4, intercropping or growing grass, and timely performing hole expanding, soil improving and weeding; s5, shallow-ditch compound fertilizer application, deep-ditch organic fertilizer application and foliar fertilizer application: s6, irrigating properly in time according to the water demand of plants and the soil water condition in the spring shoot sprouting and flowering stage and the fruit expanding stage; s7, shaping a tree body: s8, thinning flowers and fruits; s9, preventing falling and freezing in winter; s10, carrying out early winter garden cleaning and spring garden cleaning every year; s11, harvesting fruits. The invention establishes the technical regulation for cultivating and managing the Chongqing late-maturing blood oranges, facilitates uniform and standardized production of the new late-maturing variety by fruit growers, and provides safety guarantee for green, healthy and sustainable development of the Taruoke blood orange industry.

Description

Cultivation management method for late-maturing blood oranges

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting of blood oranges in taluoke, and particularly relates to a cultivation management method of late-maturing blood oranges.

Background

The late-maturing blood orange (mainly blood orange No. 8) is a late-maturing variety bred from a new line of blood oranges in Taroceae, is a reserve variety with optimized Chongqing orange structure, and currently, the Chongqing planting area exceeds 5 ten thousand mu. With the continuous entering of about 60% of orchards in the full-production period, due to the reasons of large-scale slicing planting, long fruiting time, weak middle-grade tree vigor, drooping branches at the middle and lower parts and the like, the characteristics of the late-maturing blood orange and the new line of the blood oranges in the family of the talocoaceae have large difference, the difficulty of cultivation management is larger, and the main expression is that: firstly, the rice is extremely late-maturing, and the maturing period is 4 months to 6 months; secondly, the tree vigor is weak, the requirement on fertilization is high, and the trimming requirement is different from the new line of the flourishing variety of the blood orange of the Tarocco; thirdly, due to extremely late ripening, the fruits are easy to be colored badly, and the rose red and the rose fragrance are not obvious; fourth, although the variety has been planted in Sichuan, there is no standardized technical reference at present, and under the special climatic conditions in the three gorges reservoir area, the cultivation management technique needs to be groped again.

At present, the cultivation and management technology of the late-maturing blood oranges has no unified technical standard, fruit growers generally manage the late-maturing blood oranges according to the technical standard of a new system of the blood oranges in the family of the Taruo, young trees start to branch in 2 years, girdling is adopted in autumn to promote flowering, main high phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied, the measures lead to excessive flowers and fruits, early fruiting, insufficient nutrition and early weakening of tree vigor, lead to early senescence of a large number of trees, the old and small trees are common, local leading industrial structure adjustment is severely limited, and further exertion of the variety advantages of the late-maturing blood oranges is also limited. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a Chongqing late-maturing blood orange cultivation management technology to perform unified and standardized production, and safety guarantee is provided for green, healthy and sustainable development of the taluoke blood orange industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cultivation management method of late-maturing blood oranges, and the method is used for solving the problems that under the special climatic condition of the three gorges reservoir area, fruit growers operate according to the cultivation management method of the new line of blood oranges in taluoke, the tree vigor is weakened in advance, and the old and the young trees are common.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a cultivation management method of late-maturing blood oranges comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting land with the elevation of below 500 meters, deep soil layer, loose fertility, sufficient water source, leeward and sunny flat ground or land with the slope of below 25 degrees for planting;

s2, dividing the cells, connecting tractor-ploughed channels, arranging planting rows in the east-west direction, and arranging a main drainage ditch on a water converging line;

s3, digging planting furrows, backfilling the planting furrows, then manufacturing a tree plate, digging planting holes on the tree plate and planting nursery stocks;

s4, intercropping or growing grass, and timely performing hole expanding, soil improving and weeding;

s5, shallow-ditch application of compound fertilizer, deep-ditch application of organic fertilizer and foliar fertilization:

applying 0.1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer to young trees for 1-8 months per month; in 9-11 months, 0.1kg of balanced compound fertilizer is planted per month; applying 5kg of commercial organic fertilizer to the plants in 12 months; adjusting the pH value in time according to the soil nutrition diagnosis result, and supplementing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

for the first bearing fruit tree, in 3-4 months, 1 time of 1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per plant; applying 0.5kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per plant for 1 time in 6-7 months; applying 5-10kg of organic fertilizer and 1.5-2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for 1 time per plant in 9-10 months, and applying 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer for 1 time per plant in 11-12 months;

for the flourishing trees, in 3-4 months, 1kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time; 1 time of 1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per plant for 6-7 months; 10-15kg of organic fertilizer and 2.5-3kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied for 1 time in 9-10 months; applying 1 time of 1kg of balanced compound fertilizer per plant for 11-12 months;

spraying foliar fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc and boron elements on the leaf surface for 1-2 times within 4-5 months; in the 6-7 month expansion period, the leaf surface fertilizer for supplementing calcium and magnesium elements to the leaf surface is used for 1-2 times; the leaf surface fertilizer for supplementing phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements to the leaf surface for 1 to 2 times within 9 to 10 months;

s6, irrigating properly in time according to the water demand of plants and the soil water condition in the spring shoot sprouting period, the flowering period and the fruit expanding period;

s7, flexibly pruning the tree shape according to the tree vigor of the tree age by adopting a natural round head shape or a natural open heart shape:

for young trees, the young trees are mainly lightly cut, are fixed to be dry at a position 30-50cm away from the ground, are timely picked in summer, bud picking and tip releasing are carried out in autumn, flowers and fruits are timely removed, and the crowns of the trees are expanded as soon as possible;

for the early bearing fruit tree, the short section is taken as the main part, the vertical branch at the upper part of the short section promotes the summer tip in spring, the ratio of leaves to fruits is kept at 50-60, 1 leader branch is cultured in a key way, the angle of the bone trunk branch is raised, and the growth potential of the bone trunk branch is enhanced; the side-opened skylight has no exposed bones, strong and vigorous short sections and 3-5 dense branches, promotes the growth of summer shoots, is beneficial to flower thinning and fruit thinning and has reasonable load; the branches along with the ground and weak branches are cut at the lower part of the tree body, so that the nutrition is promoted to be concentrated at the middle upper part of the tree body, and the growth vigor of the tree body is balanced; pinching in time to promote high-quality autumn shoots; the tree layering and three-dimensional results are achieved overall;

for the high-yield trees, pruning before germination after fruit picking is mainly used, and pruning the extended branches and the fruited branches to remove weak points and reserve strong points; truncate Jiang Wangzhi, bare branches and excessive branches of flowers and fruits, and keeping the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 50-60; thinning peripheral dense branches and sunshade branches, and cutting off old and weak branches and field branches; properly pinching in summer, reserving inner bores and upper branches, leading the top to be strong branches, reserving a few branch groups on the back and leaving more branch groups on the back and on two sides; timely bud picking, promoting growth of neat autumn tips, culturing superior fruiting mother branches, and preventing adult diseases;

for the aged trees, the shrinkage in winter is taken as the main point, the excessively weakened fruiting branch group is thinned, the flat inclined branch is removed, the upright branch is remained, the headed strong branch is supported, the aged branch is retracted to the strong branch position, the Jiang Wang new shoot is germinated, and the new fruiting branch group is cultivated; not or less flowers and fruits are left, the quantity of branches and leaves is enhanced, the pruning retraction is carried out year by year, bud picking is well carried out, and new tree crowns are cultivated;

s8, flower and fruit thinning: pruning the flowering branches in the flowering period, cutting off the vigorous vertical branches to promote new shoots, and ensuring the ratio of leaves to fruits; carrying out proper manual fruit thinning after the second physiological fruit dropping period is finished; enhancing the nutrition of the tree, applying 1 time of balanced compound fertilizer 1 kg/plant in 10-11 months, spraying 2 times of nutrient solution containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc and boron, 100ppm solution of brassin and 100-200ppm solution of gibberellin on the leaf surface;

s9, preventing falling and freezing in winter: spraying potassium and zinc element foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times on the leaf surface in 9-12 months, and spraying 15-20ppm 2-4,D hormone for 2 times in 11-12 months for fruit preservation; watering the tree disc 7-10 days before frost, and covering the tree crown with a sunshade net in time;

s10, cleaning the garden for 3 times in the first winter and the spring every year;

s11, harvesting the fruits in the mature period of 4-6 months.

Preferably, in the step S3,

digging the planting furrows comprises: paying off by using a theodolite, planting by using a square grid, positioning by using lime, digging planting furrows with the width of 1m and the depth of 0.8m in the positioned rows, and loosening soil at the bottom of the furrows by 0.2m downwards;

backfilling the planting furrows comprises: weeds, straws, chaffs or farmyard manure are filled into the ditch in 3 layers, and each layer is filled with 20cm of soil.

Preferably, in the step S3, the tree disc is 30-40cm higher than the original ground.

Preferably, in step S3, planting the nursery stock includes: planting virus-free container seedlings in the planting holes for 3-5 months, planting 42-44 permanent plants per mu, and planting the plants at a row spacing of 3-3.5 m multiplied by 4.5-5m.

Preferably, in the step S10, 150-200 times of 97% mineral oil and 1000 times of 80% ethylicin missible oil are sprayed for 1 time in the whole winter garden; spring clearing, namely spraying 1 time in the whole garden with 1000 times of 80% ethylicin missible oil solution, 2500 times of 40% pyridaben etoxazole suspending agent solution, 1000 times of Paimiri vegetable oil and the like 1 month before picking fruits, and spraying 1 time in the whole garden with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times of solution, 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent 5000 times of solution, 40% pyridaben etoxazole suspending agent 500 times of solution, 5% acetamiprid missible oil 1000 times of solution and vegetable oil 1200 times of solution after picking fruits.

Preferably, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 25.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

aiming at the late-maturing blood oranges planted in large-scale pieces, the invention sets a set of standardized and scientific cultivation technology, can effectively reduce the current situations of weak late-maturing blood orange trees, early fruiting and excessive load in the current production, is beneficial to cultivating medium-grade vigorous and three-dimensional fruiting, reduces the phenomenon of year and year, prolongs the fruiting period, ensures the continuous and healthy development of the taloaceae blood orange industry, and provides technical support for the brand creation of the three gorges orange. The method mainly carries out targeted exploration and creation from methods of orchard site selection, garden building, seedling stage, first bearing trees, high-yield tree cultivation and the like, particularly in the aspects of fertilization technology and pruning technology, the late-maturing blood oranges are found to be remarkably different from new systems of the blood oranges in the talocoaceae, the late-maturing blood oranges need to follow the 'big fertilizer and big water' fertilization principle under the conditions of high temperature, much humidity and little sunshine in three gorges reservoir areas, high-nitrogen compound fertilizers in spring and summer, balanced compound fertilizers in autumn and winter, organic fertilizers are applied additionally, medium trace elements are supplemented by being matched with 3-4 times of foliar fertilizers, the nutritional requirements of the late-maturing blood oranges can be effectively met, girdling promotion and early branch pulling are not needed, flower thinning and fruit thinning are needed, for example, short-cut upright tips and free-of ground branches are processed, the number of summer pumping is 1-1.5 times of other processing, and the crown is remarkably enlarged. In general, the method obviously improves the yield and commodity of the late-maturing blood oranges planted under the special climatic conditions in the three gorges reservoir area, the yield of a single plant can reach 40-50kg per plant, the weight average of a single fruit is more than 150g, the soluble solid content reaches more than 13%, compared with the prior art, the yield per mu is increased by 50% on average, the unit price reaches 10 yuan per kg from 6 yuan per kg in the market, the tree vigor is more robust, and the fruiting period is prolonged; the fruits are oval, the appearance is smooth and beautiful, the sweetness of the fruits is increased by 1%, the fruits are crisp and tender and are melted into slag, the anthocyanin content is high, and the pulp is colored well.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for cultivating and managing late-maturing blood oranges according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:

as shown in fig. 1, a method for cultivating and managing late-maturing blood oranges, comprising:

s1, selecting land with the elevation of below 500 meters, deep soil layer, loose fertility, sufficient water source, leeward and sunny flat ground or land with the slope of below 25 degrees for planting;

specifically, the climatic conditions are selected from the annual average temperature of 16-18 ℃, the absolute minimum temperature of more than or equal to-5 ℃, the 1-month average temperature of more than or equal to 5 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ of more than 5000 ℃, and the annual sunshine hours of more than or equal to 1200 hours. The soil conditions are selected from slightly acidic soil, pH value of 5.5-6.5, loosening and fertility, organic matter content of more than 1.0%, deep soil layer and underground water level of less than 1m, and if the conditions are not met, soil improvement is required, such as the soil is excessively acidic, and lime is adopted for adjustment. The terrain conditions are selected from the positions of flat ground or slope below 25 degrees, leeward and sunny, convenient traffic and sufficient water source. Other production environments were performed as specified in NY/T391.

S2, dividing cells, connecting tractor-ploughed channels, arranging main drainage ditches on a water collection line in the east-west direction of a planting row;

specifically, the method comprises the steps of dividing cells, flexibly setting planting rows, and setting planting rows according to the east-west direction on flat ground and gentle slope with the slope of below 15 degrees. The slope is 15-25 degrees mountain land and hilly land, and the slope and the contour line are crossed to form a gentle slope planting row direction. The water collecting line is provided with a main drainage ditch.

S3, digging planting furrows, backfilling the planting furrows, then manufacturing tree trays, digging planting holes on the tree trays and planting nursery stocks;

specifically, paying off by using a theodolite, fixedly planting by using a square grid, positioning by using lime, digging a fixedly planted ditch with the width of 1m and the depth of 0.8m by using a positioned row, and digging the bottom of the ditch downwards by 0.2m to play a role in loosening the soil. The planting furrows are filled with weeds, straws, chaffs and farmyard manure in 3 layers, each layer is filled with 20cm of soil, and finally the planting furrows are filled with the soil and tree discs which are 30-40cm higher than the original ground are manufactured. And 3-5 months, digging a planting hole on the positioning tree disk, planting 42-44 permanent plants per mu, planting the plants at a row spacing of 3-3.5 m multiplied by 4.5-5m, planting the seedlings by adopting virus-free container seedlings, removing a nutrition pot, straightening root systems, cutting off bent main roots, putting the seedlings into the center of the planting hole, earthing up, strengthening, treading tightly, watering sufficient root fixing water after planting, and not applying fertilizer before the seedlings survive.

S4, intercropping or growing grass, and timely performing hole expanding, soil improving and weeding;

specifically, the intercropping crops or grasses are plants without symbiotic diseases and pests, shallow roots and short stalks with oranges, and can be leguminous, clover, ageratum, pennywort herb, alfalfa and the like, or natural weeds are reserved, grass is cut when the grass grows to be 30-35cm high to cover a tree disc, green grass is cut periodically, turned over and buried, and intercropping of vines, high stalks and gramineous crops is strictly forbidden.

Deep turning and hole expanding are carried out within 4-5 years after planting, and the deep turning and hole expanding are preferably carried out after autumn tips stop growing or in combination with base fertilizer application. The hole expanding needs to be communicated with the soil-changing section of the planting hole without a partition wall, and green manure, straws or human and animal manure and the like are deeply pressed towards the periphery of the crown year by year from the outer edge of the planting hole, so that the content of organic matters in the soil reaches more than 2.0 percent. And (5) deeply digging a drainage ditch before soil improvement, and draining accumulated water in the field.

Cultivating for 1-2 times in summer, autumn and after fruit picking every year. The depth of cultivation is 8-15cm, and cultivation is not suitable in rainy season.

S5, shallow trench application of the compound fertilizer, digging a shallow trench at a tree crown water dripping line, wherein the depth of the shallow trench is 20-30cm, and covering soil after uniformly applying the compound fertilizer; applying organic fertilizer in the deep groove, digging a deep groove with the depth of 50-60cm, the width of 50-60cm and the length of 10-100cm, and covering soil after applying the organic fertilizer;

and (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces:

applying 0.1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer to young trees for 1-8 months per month; in 9-11 months, 0.1kg of balanced compound fertilizer is planted per month; applying 5kg of commercial organic fertilizer to the plants in 12 months; adjusting the pH value in time according to the soil nutrition diagnosis result, and supplementing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

for the first bearing fruit trees, 1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time for 3-4 months; applying 0.5kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per plant for 1 time in 6-7 months; applying 5-10kg of organic fertilizer and 1.5-2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for 1 time in 9-10 months, and applying 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer for 1 time in 11-12 months;

for the flourishing trees, in 3-4 months, 1kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time; 1 time of 1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per plant for 6-7 months; 10-15kg of organic fertilizer and 2.5-3kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied for 1 time in 9-10 months; applying 1 time of 1kg of balanced compound fertilizer per plant for 11-12 months;

spraying foliar fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc and boron elements on the leaf surface for 1-2 times within 4-5 months; in the expanding period of 6-7 months, the foliar fertilizer for supplementing calcium and magnesium elements on the leaf surface is used for 1-2 times; the leaf surface fertilizer for supplementing phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements to the leaf surface for 1 to 2 times within 9 to 10 months;

the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 25.

By applying different fertilization strategies to seedlings of different ages of late-maturing blood oranges and according to the characteristic that the vigor of the blood oranges is moderate and weak, the seedlings are fertilized monthly, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used for 1-8 months, massive sprouting of spring shoots and summer shoots is promoted in the vigorous tree body activity period, crowns can be rapidly expanded, balanced fertilizer is mainly used for 9-11 months, organic fertilizer is used for 12 months, and the trees are nourished by phosphorus potassium, organic matters and trace elements in the period, so that the root quantity is increased, sufficient nutrition is accumulated for the tree body, and the sprouting quantity and quality of the spring shoots in the next year are promoted. In the first half of the adult trees, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied in the young fruit period and the fruit expanding period, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the organic fertilizer and the like are supplemented twice in the next half of the year, so that the fruit expanding, color changing and sweetening are promoted, and as the late-maturing blood oranges are more late-maturing than the common blood oranges and more nutrients are needed, the fertilizing amount is increased in a proper amount, and particularly in 3-4 months, the fertilizer can be added once to promote the sweetness increasing and the rose coloring of the fruits.

S6, irrigating properly in time according to the water demand of plants and the soil water condition in the spring shoot sprouting period, the flowering period and the fruit expanding period;

particularly, the plant is sensitive to water in the spring shoot sprouting and flowering period (3-5 months) and the fruit expanding period (7-10 months), and is properly irrigated in time according to the demand of the plant on water and the soil moisture condition; and (4) irrigating water before cold injury comes, and irrigating water in time after fruit harvesting. The irrigation water is pollution-free, and the water quality meets the NY/T391 regulations.

S7, flexibly pruning the tree shape according to the tree vigor of the tree age by adopting a natural round head shape or a natural open heart shape:

for young trees, the young trees are mainly lightly cut, are fixed to be dry at a position 30-50cm away from the ground, are timely picked in summer, bud picking and tip releasing are carried out in autumn, flowers and fruits are timely removed, and the crowns of the trees are expanded as soon as possible;

for the early bearing fruit tree, the short section is taken as the main part, the vertical branch at the upper part of the short section promotes the summer tip in spring, the ratio of leaves to fruits is kept at 50-60, 1 leader branch is cultured in a key way, the angle of the bone trunk branch is raised, and the growth potential of the bone trunk branch is enhanced. The side-opening skylight has the advantages that bones are not exposed, the cutoffs are strong, 3-5 branches are densely arranged, summer shoots are promoted, flower thinning and fruit thinning are facilitated, and the load is reasonable. The branches along with the ground and weak branches are cut from the lower part of the tree body, so that the nutrition is promoted to be concentrated on the middle upper part of the tree body, and the growth vigor of the tree body is balanced. The sharp tip in summer is timely pinched to promote the development of high-quality autumn tip. The tree layering and three-dimensional results are achieved overall;

for the high-yield trees, pruning before germination after picking fruits mainly, and pruning the extended branches and the bearing branches to remove weak and strong; truncate Jiang Wangzhi, bare branches and excessive branches of flowers and fruits, and keeping the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 50-60; and thinning peripheral dense branches and sunshade branches, and pruning old and weak branches and field branches. In summer, the core is properly removed, the inner chamber and the upper branches are reserved, the top is provided with strong branches, the branches on the back are less and the branches on the back are more and the branches on the upper side and the two sides are more reserved. Timely bud picking, promoting growth of orderly autumn shoots, culturing mother branches with good fruiting, and preventing old and young people;

for the aged trees, the shrinkage in winter is taken as the main point, the excessively weakened fruiting branch group is thinned, the flat inclined branch is removed, the upright branch is remained, the headed strong branch is supported, the aged branch is retracted to the strong branch position, the Jiang Wang new shoot is germinated, and the new fruiting branch group is cultivated. Not or less flowers and fruits are left, the quantity of branches and leaves is enhanced, the pruning retraction is carried out year by year, bud picking is well carried out, and new tree crowns are cultivated;

s8, flower and fruit thinning: pruning flowering branches in the flowering period, cutting off the long-growing vertical branches to promote the growth of new shoots, ensuring the ratio of leaves and fruits, and carrying out proper manual fruit thinning after the second physiological fruit dropping period is finished; enhancing the nutrition of the tree, applying 1kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in 10-11 months, spraying nutrient solution containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc and boron, 100ppm solution of brassin and 100-200ppm solution of gibberellin on the leaf surface for 2 times.

S9, preventing falling and freezing in winter: spraying potassium and zinc element foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times on the leaf surface in 9-12 months, and spraying 15-20ppm 2-4,D hormone for 2 times in 11-12 months for fruit preservation; watering the tree disc 7-10 days before frost, and covering the tree crown with a sunshade net in time;

s10, cleaning the garden for 3 times in the first winter and the spring every year;

specifically, a winter early cleaning garden is sprayed with a solution of 97% mineral oil 150-200 times and 80% ethylicin missible oil 1000 times for 1 time; spring clearing, namely spraying 1 time in the whole garden with 1000 times of 80% ethylicin missible oil solution, 2500 times of 40% pyridaben etoxazole suspending agent solution, 1000 times of Paimiri vegetable oil and the like 1 month before picking fruits, and spraying 1 time in the whole garden with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times of solution, 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent 5000 times of solution, 40% pyridaben etoxazole suspending agent 500 times of solution, 5% acetamiprid missible oil 1000 times of solution and vegetable oil 1200 times of solution after picking fruits. The green prevention and control comprehensive measures such as an insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, drug-resistant predatory mites, sugar and vinegar liquid and the like are matched. Pesticide use was performed according to GB/T8321, the rest according to NY/T2044-2011.

S11, harvesting the fruits in the mature period of 4-6 months.

Specifically, fresh market fruit should be harvested when the fruit is normally ripe and exhibits the inherent quality characteristics (color, aroma, flavor, taste, etc.) of the product. The picking is carried out in the orchard at the bottom of 4 months generally, and the picking of the fresh fruits hanging on the trees can reach the beginning of 6 months.

The fruit picker should wear gloves, cut off the fruits together with the fruit stalks by using the round-head fruit scissors, and then cut the fruit stalks flat, and lightly take and put. Picking the fruits from outside to inside and from top to bottom, wherein the inner wall of a container for containing the fruits is smooth, and the picked fruits are conveyed to a packaging plant or a storage warehouse in time for processing, so that the fruits are prevented from being exposed to the sun and rain.

The inventor team selected 2 orchard in ganning town black horse village and nan bridge village in the Wanzhou area for pruning test. The trees were planted 3 times per cell. And (3) performing 5-month and 5-day short cutting of vertical tips, cutting of field-following branches, non-treatment, thinning of partial spring tips, cutting of field-following branches, short cutting of vertical tips and the like, observing the quantity and quality of the tips, keeping other management consistent with an orchard, and investigating the yield and quality of fruits. The results show that the vertical shoots are cut short and the shoots are cut off along with the ground, the number of the shoots in summer is 1-1.5 times that of other treatments, the crowns are obviously enlarged, the yield of a single plant is 50kg, the soluble solid content is more than 13%, the tree vigor which is not treated is weakened, the shoots in summer and autumn are slightly weakened, the number of the shoots is small and weak, the ratio of leaves and fruits is unbalanced, the fruit drop in the later period of the fruit is large, the yield is 15-20kg, the weight of a single fruit is less than 100g, and the tree vigor is easy to decline and grow.

The inventor team selects 2 orchard in Ganning Zhenmu and Nanqiao village in the Wanzhou area, carries out different fertilization treatments in three consecutive years in 2020-2022 years, investigates the influence on yield and quality, and has the same growth vigor with the tree age of 5 years. The result shows that the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in spring and summer, the balanced compound fertilizer in autumn and winter and the organic fertilizer are matched with the foliar fertilizer for 3 to 4 times, medium trace elements are supplemented, the nutritional requirements of the late-maturing blood oranges can be effectively met, the difference of the treatment of the medium-nitrogen compound fertilizer and the balanced compound fertilizer or the organic fertilizer is extremely obvious when only the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied, the single-plant yield can reach 40 to 50kg per plant, the weight average of a single fruit is more than 150g, the soluble solid content is more than 13 percent, compared with the contrast, the yield per mu is averagely increased by 50 percent, the unit price is more than 10 yuan per kg from 6 yuan per kg in the market, the tree vigor is more robust, and the fruiting period is prolonged.

The above description is only an example of the present invention, and the general knowledge of the known specific technical solutions and/or characteristics and the like in the solutions is not described herein too much. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A cultivation management method of late-maturing blood oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting land with the elevation of below 500 meters, deep soil layer, loose fertility, sufficient water source, leeward and sunny flat ground or land with the slope of below 25 degrees for planting;

s2, dividing cells, connecting tractor-ploughed channels, arranging main drainage ditches on a water collection line in the east-west direction of a planting row;

s3, digging planting furrows, backfilling the planting furrows, then manufacturing a tree plate, digging planting holes on the tree plate and planting nursery stocks;

s4, intercropping or growing grass, and timely performing hole expanding, soil improving and weeding;

s5, shallow-ditch application of compound fertilizer, deep-ditch application of organic fertilizer and foliar fertilization:

applying 0.1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer to young trees for 1-8 months per month; in 9-11 months, 0.1kg of balanced compound fertilizer is planted per month; applying 5kg of commercial organic fertilizer to the plants in 12 months; adjusting the pH value in time according to the soil nutrition diagnosis result, and supplementing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

for the first bearing fruit tree, in 3-4 months, 1 time of 1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per plant; applying 0.5kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per plant for 1 time in 6-7 months; applying 5-10kg of organic fertilizer and 1.5-2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for 1 time per plant in 9-10 months, and applying 0.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer for 1 time per plant in 11-12 months;

for the flourishing trees, in 3-4 months, 1kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time; 1 time of 1kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per plant for 6-7 months; 10-15kg of organic fertilizer and 2.5-3kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied for 1 time in 9-10 months; applying 1 time of 1kg of balanced compound fertilizer per plant for 11-12 months;

spraying foliar fertilizer containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc and boron on the leaf surface for 1-2 times in 4-5 months; in the 6-7 month expansion period, the leaf surface fertilizer for supplementing calcium and magnesium elements to the leaf surface is used for 1-2 times; the leaf surface fertilizer for supplementing phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements to the leaf surface for 1 to 2 times within 9 to 10 months;

s6, irrigating properly in time according to the water demand of plants and the soil water condition in the spring shoot sprouting period, the flowering period and the fruit expanding period;

s7, flexibly pruning the tree shape according to the tree vigor of the tree age by adopting a natural round head shape or a natural open heart shape:

for young trees, the young trees are mainly lightly cut, are dried at a position 30-50cm above the ground, are timely picked in summer, bud picking and tip releasing are carried out in autumn, flowers and fruits are timely removed, and the crowns of the trees are enlarged as soon as possible;

for the early bearing fruit tree, the short section is taken as the main part, the vertical branch at the upper part of the short section promotes the summer tip in spring, the ratio of leaves to fruits is kept at 50-60, 1 leader branch is cultured in a key way, the angle of the bone trunk branch is raised, and the growth potential of the bone trunk branch is enhanced; the side-opened skylight has no exposed bones, strong and vigorous short sections and 3-5 dense branches, promotes the growth of summer shoots, is beneficial to flower thinning and fruit thinning and has reasonable load; the branches along with the ground and weak branches are cut at the lower part of the tree body, so that the nutrition is promoted to be concentrated at the middle upper part of the tree body, and the growth vigor of the tree body is balanced; pinching in time to promote high-quality autumn shoots; the tree layering and three-dimensional results are achieved overall;

for the high-yield trees, pruning before germination after picking fruits mainly, and pruning the extended branches and the bearing branches to remove weak and strong; truncate Jiang Wangzhi, bare branches and excessive branches of flowers and fruits, and keeping the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 50-60; thinning peripheral dense branches and sunshade branches, and cutting off old and weak branches and field branches; properly pinching in summer, reserving inner bores and upper branches, leading the top to be strong branches, reserving a few branch groups on the back and leaving more branch groups on the back and on two sides; timely bud picking, promoting growth of orderly autumn shoots, culturing mother branches with good fruiting, and preventing old and young people;

for the aged trees, the shrinkage in winter is taken as the main point, the excessively weakened fruiting branch group is thinned, the flat inclined branch is removed, the upright branch is remained, the headed strong branch is supported, the aged branch is retracted to the strong branch position, the Jiang Wang new shoot is germinated, and the new fruiting branch group is cultivated; not or less flowers and fruits are left, the quantity of branches and leaves is enhanced, the pruning retraction is carried out year by year, bud picking is well carried out, and new tree crowns are cultivated;

s8, flower and fruit thinning: pruning flowering branches in the flowering period, cutting off the long-growing vertical branches to promote new shoots, and ensuring the ratio of leaves and fruits; carrying out proper manual fruit thinning after the second physiological fruit dropping period is finished; enhancing tree nutrition, applying 1kg balanced compound fertilizer per plant for 1 time in 10-11 months, spraying nutrient solution containing phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc and boron, 100ppm solution of brassin and 100-200ppm solution of gibberellin on leaf surface for 2 times;

s9, preventing falling and freezing in winter: spraying potassium and zinc element foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times on the leaf surface in 9-12 months, and spraying 15-20ppm 2-4,D hormone for 2 times in 11-12 months for fruit retention; watering the tree disc 7-10 days before frost, and covering the tree crown with a sunshade net in time;

s10, cleaning the garden for 3 times in the beginning of winter and spring every year;

s11, harvesting the fruits in the mature period of 4-6 months.

2. The method for cultivating and managing late-maturing blood oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3,

digging the planting furrows comprises: paying off by using a theodolite, planting by using a square grid, positioning by using lime, digging planting furrows with the width of 1m and the depth of 0.8m in the positioned rows, and loosening soil at the bottom of the furrows by 0.2m downwards;

backfilling the planting furrows comprises: weeds, straws, chaffs or farmyard manure are filled into the ditch in 3 layers, and each layer is filled with 20cm of soil.

3. The method for cultivating and managing late-maturing blood oranges according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, the tree disc is 30-40cm higher than the original ground.

4. The method for cultivating and managing late-maturing blood oranges according to claim 3, wherein the planting of the seedlings in step S3 includes: planting virus-free container seedlings in the planting holes for 3-5 months, planting 42-44 permanent plants per mu, and planting the plants at a row spacing of 3-3.5 m multiplied by 4.5-5m.

5. The cultivation and management method for late-maturing blood oranges according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, 97% mineral oil 150-200 times and 80% ethylicin missible oil 1000 times are sprayed to the junior winter Qingyuan 1 time; spring clearing, namely spraying 1 time in the whole garden with 1000 times of 80% ethylicin missible oil solution, 2500 times of 40% pyridaben etoxazole suspending agent solution, 1000 times of Paimiri vegetable oil and the like 1 month before picking fruits, and spraying 1 time in the whole garden with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times of solution, 22.4% spirotetramat suspending agent 5000 times of solution, 40% pyridaben etoxazole suspending agent 500 times of solution, 5% acetamiprid missible oil 1000 times of solution and vegetable oil 1200 times of solution after picking fruits.

6. The method for cultivating and managing late-maturing blood oranges according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium ratio of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 25.

Images