CN108949183B

CN108949183B - Desert greening method

Info

Publication number: CN108949183B
Application number: CN201710734603.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯起; 刘蔚; 郭瑞; 贾冰; 鱼腾飞; 席海洋
Original assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Priority date: 2017-08-24
Filing date: 2017-08-24
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-24
Also published as: CN108949183A

Abstract

The invention provides a desert greening method, which belongs to the field of desert treatment and specifically comprises the following steps: setting a wind-proof sand-fixing area at the edge of the sand to be greened to form a greened area; setting a water storage cellar in the sand fixation barrier; setting planting belts and sand fixing belts in the green area at intervals in parallel; the planting belt is a strip-shaped groove, and the modifying agent is paved at the bottom of the groove and then ploughed and leveled; laying a field planting plate at the bottom of the groove, wherein a row of field planting holes are formed in the field planting plate along the length direction of the field planting plate; after a planting pot containing indoor cultivated seedlings is planted on the planting hole, the strip-shaped groove is buried, and the surface after burying is not higher than the top edge of the planting pot; applying a sand fixing agent on the surface of the sand fixing zone, and delivering water to the planting pot once every 1-2 months until the height of the tree seedling is higher than 3 m. A series of composite means such as artificial greening, sand fixation, modifier restoration and the like are adopted, and various measures are used in combination, so that guarantee is provided for self restoration and greening of the sand.

Description

Desert greening method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of desert greening, in particular to a desert greening method.

Background

A large area of desertified land exists in the north of China, and the desertified land is counted to be more than 150 ten thousand square kilometers. More seriously, the desertification shows a gradually increasing trend, and great threat is caused to the ecological environment in the north of China. Meanwhile, the method also causes great harm to industrial and agricultural production in relevant areas and life of people, and seriously influences the development of social economy.

Based on the severity of desertification hazards, the use of artificial vegetation to control sand damage has been a history for decades and is one of the most effective methods for the internationally recognized ecological reconstruction of sandy areas. The method is mainly developed by planting drought-enduring plants in desert, such as by aerial planting of pasture and planting of shrubs for greening desert, but the technology has some effects on the treatment of sand in gentle areas with certain vegetation, but the effect is not obvious on sand with high fluidity or windy sand all the year round. The main reason is that the grass seeds and shrub seeds are easily blown away by wind and difficult to realize field planting. Secondly, the flowing sand often buries the seeds which have germinated and emerged, so that large-area dead seedlings are caused, and in addition, the survival rate of some seedlings which are only fixed and survive in a small amount is low due to the harsh ecological environment of the sand.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a desert greening method, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the sand greening process in the prior art, vegetation planted is not easy to survive, and the greening effect is not ideal due to high dead seedlings.

In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

1) setting a wind-proof sand-fixing area at the edge of the sand to be greened, and setting a sand-fixing barrier in the wind-proof sand-fixing area, wherein the sand-fixing barrier is in a closed ring shape and surrounds the sand to be greened to form a greened area;

2) preparing soil outside the sand fixation barrier to form a conical slope sunken to the center, laying cement concrete on the surface of the conical slope to form a fixed smooth surface, setting an annular groove at the bottom of the conical slope, downwards arranging a water storage cellar with the depth of 30-50 meters and the diameter of 4-8 meters in the center of the annular groove, and wrapping the surface of the water storage cellar with the cement concrete; a plurality of water inlet holes are distributed on the wall of the annular groove, and each water inlet hole is provided with a filter screen;

3) setting planting belts and sand fixing belts in the greening area at intervals in parallel; the planting belt is a strip-shaped groove, and the modifying agent is paved at the bottom of the groove and then ploughed and leveled; laying a field planting plate at the bottom of the groove, wherein a row of field planting holes are formed in the field planting plate along the length direction of the field planting plate;

4) after a planting pot containing indoor cultivated seedlings is transplanted to the planting hole, the strip-shaped groove is buried, and the surface after burying is not higher than the top edge of the planting pot;

5) applying a sand fixing agent on the surface of the sand fixing zone, and delivering water to the planting pot once every 1-2 months until the height of the tree seedlings is higher than 3 m;

the modifier is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

100-150 parts of diatomite, 80-120 parts of fly ash, 50-70 parts of kaolin, 80-120 parts of turf, 120-160 parts of plant straw powder, 12-20 parts of algae-containing carrier, 40-60 parts of organic fertilizer, 40-70 parts of humus, 20-35 parts of zeolite powder, 20-30 parts of glass microspheres, 18-25 parts of silica powder and 20-30 parts of microbial liquid;

10-15 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30-40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine waste residue powder, 20-40 parts of waste tea residues, 8-24 parts of fulvic acid concentrated solution, 40-60 parts of vinasse, 30-60 parts of leaf mold, 40-60 parts of sawdust, 20-30 parts of rice chaff ash, 10-30 parts of phosphorus, 50-70 parts of coconut husk and 30-40 parts of slow release fertilizer;

the sand fixing agent is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

50-80 parts of first material, 10-30 parts of second material, 0.5-2 parts of microbial liquid, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 1-8 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of waste paper pulp and 300 parts of water 200-;

wherein, the first material mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight:

4-6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4-5 parts of styrene, 5-6 parts of methyl methacrylate, 4-5 parts of butyl acrylate, 6-7 parts of ethyl acrylate, 5-7 parts of methyl acrylate, 2-3 parts of acrylic acid, 2-3 parts of methacrylic acid, 3-6 parts of acrylamide, 1-1.5 parts of sodium styrene sulfonate, 1-1.5 parts of sodium vinyl sulfonate, 1-2 parts of ammonium allyloxy nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1-1.5 parts of sodium allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate, 1-2 parts of sodium hydroxypropyl methacrylate sulfonate, 1-1.5 parts of 4-alkene butoxy-2-hydroxy propyl sulfonate, 1-1.5 parts of 2-acrylamide-2, 2-dimethyl ethyl sulfonate, 1-1.5 parts of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propyl ammonium sulfonate, 4-5 parts of polyvinyl acetate, 1-3 parts of anionic polyacrylamide, 0.2-1 part of silica sol, 0.2-1 part of styrene-acrylic emulsion, 0.2-1 part of glycol acetate, 0.5-2 parts of glycerol triacetate, 0.5-2 parts of propylene carbonate, 0.2-2 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose and 0.2-2 parts of alpha-cyanoacrylate;

the second material mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight:

0.5-2 parts of calcium oxide, 2-6 parts of calcium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 1-3 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of ammonium persulfate, 0.5-1 part of potassium persulfate, 1-4 parts of water glass, 1-3 parts of calcium acetate, 1-3 parts of silicon carbide, 1-3 parts of cobalt sulfate and 1-3 parts of potassium silicate.

According to the greening method, a series of composite means such as artificial greening, sand fixing by a sand fixing agent, modifying agent repairing and the like are adopted, meanwhile, a corresponding wind-proof sand-fixing area is set in a greening area, and primary wind-proof protection of the greening area is realized through a sand-fixing barrier. Secondly, before the greening area is formally treated, corresponding water storage preparation is set, a water storage cellar is arranged outside the sand fixation barrier, and water is collected in advance and used for subsequent irrigation; in addition, the setting and the structure of the water storage cellar are specially selected by combining a sand land or a wasteland, the conical slope is used as a water collecting surface, rainwater in the rainfall process is collected into the annular groove, the annular groove is kept still for precipitation, and then the rainwater is collected into the water storage cellar after passing through the water inlet hole and being filtered. The capacity of the water storage cellar is enough to meet the water demand of the nearby green area.

In the green area, a planting belt and a sand fixing belt are arranged at intervals, on one hand, the requirement of sufficient growth space of greening vegetation is met, and on the other hand, the sand fixing belt is reserved to realize natural restoration of sandy soil through the restoration effect of the modifying agent and the sand fixing effect of the sand fixing agent. The modifier that adopts specific compatibility of medicines to take the bottom groove to improve planting, then the transplantation of field planting basin is realized to the mode of laying the field planting board through the tank bottom, the field planting board is easily laid and can be used to fixed field planting basin, only need when the field planting with fixed planting hole lower part rattan go out the headspace can, very labour saving and time saving, then bury strip groove after the field planting is accomplished, for the ease of realizing accurate irrigation through the field planting basin, the surface after the landfill is not higher than the top border of field planting basin. And finally, applying a sand fixing agent on the surface of the sand fixing zone, and delivering water to the planting pot once every 1-2 months until the height of the sapling is higher than 3 m, wherein the water delivery process is continued until the height of the sapling is higher than 3 m, and after the height of the sapling is higher than 3 m, the vegetation root system is developed, the water absorption capacity of the vegetation root system is strong, so that the irrigation times can be reduced.

The key innovation point of the application lies in the selection of the components of the modifying agent and the sand fixing agent, the modifying agent is initiatively combined with the modifying components consisting of the algae-containing carrier, the glass microspheres, the silica powder, the microbial liquid, the fulvic acid concentrated solution, the waste tea residues, the traditional Chinese medicine waste residue powder, the rice chaff ash and the like, and the improvement on the water retention and the air permeability of the soil to be modified is very obvious; in the sand fixing agent, two pre-used liquids are prepared by reacting specific and complex components, and have excellent cohesiveness, fluidity and air permeability, the formed bonding layer has high compressive strength which can reach more than 0.5MPa, excellent ageing resistance and low loss rate after long-term use, the loss rate is less than 30% after half a year, the formed bonding layer has good air permeability and provides guarantee for the growth and reproduction of internal microorganisms, and the composition is based on a specific compatibility relationship, the excellent water retention property of the composition can also prevent the water loss in sand, and further provides guarantee for the activity of the microorganisms.

Therefore, in the application, the desert greening effect is realized through a series of means such as plants, microorganisms, sand fixation and improvement, the sand fixation and greening are integrated, a specific effective planting mode is adopted to provide guarantee for the success rate of sand greening, and the technical problems of poor greening effect and low survival rate of aerial seeding seeds in the prior art are solved.

Preferably, the planting pot comprises an annular sleeve with a cavity and a fixed pot arranged at one end part of the annular sleeve from top to bottom, one end of the annular sleeve, which is far away from the fixed pot, is provided with a water inlet end, the bottom of one end of the annular sleeve, which is connected with the fixed pot, is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes, and one side of each water permeable hole, which is positioned in the cavity of the annular sleeve, is provided with a permeable membrane; the fixing basin is a hollow truncated cone, and the bottom area of one end of the fixing basin, which is far away from the annular sleeve, is larger than that of the end of the fixing basin, which is contacted with the annular sleeve; water is filled in the annular sleeve; soil is arranged in the fixed basin.

Through the specific structure of field planting basin, for follow-up realization transplant smoothly and accurate irrigation establish the basis, the end of intaking of every field planting basin all communicates with the reservoir, like this, the water accessible bottom in the annular cover permeates water the hole and slowly permeates to fixed basin in order to be absorbed by the sapling root system. The fixed pot is in a truncated cone shape with the bottom surface gradually enlarged, so that the respiration of the plant root system can be effectively ensured, and the formation of an excessive anaerobic environment is prevented.

Optionally, the water inlet of each planting pot is connected to the water delivery main pipe through a pipeline, and the water delivery main pipe is communicated with the water storage cellar through a water pump.

The purpose of accurately irrigating different field planting pots can be achieved through one water delivery main pipe, and a valve for controlling water flow can be set independently on a pipeline of each water delivery pot.

Optionally, the fixing basin is provided with an air vent, and the planting plate and the planting basin are both made of degradable materials. The fixing pot with the vent holes is easy to realize nutrient exchange with external soil on one hand and also easy to realize slow overflow of moisture on the other hand so as to prevent the sapling from being overhydrated to form anaerobic rotten roots in the irrigation process. And along with the continuous growth of sapling, fixed basin and field planting board bury inside can be decomposed gradually, and the annular cover that partly leaks also can be decomposed gradually along with time.

Preferably, the microbial liquid is a liquid obtained by culturing and fermenting one or more of actinomycetes, azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium and sulfate reducing bacteria;

and/or;

the algae-containing carrier is loaded with two or more than two high molecular polymer materials of Coccomyxa, Pseudocochliobolus, Lepisorus, Pseudocladosporium, Sphingomonas, Anabaena, Coccomyxococcus and Nostoc.

The microorganisms have strong viability in a high-temperature water-deficient environment, have a remarkable decomposition effect, and can decompose organic humus contained in soil to be improved and convert the organic humus into nutrient components which can be absorbed by plant roots. Furthermore, a competitive mechanism exists among various microorganisms in the process of proliferation, so that the viability of the microorganisms is improved, and more preferably, humic acid with the mass 50-150 times that of the microorganism liquid can be added in advance for decomposing the microorganisms when the microorganism liquid is applied, so that the effect of repairing and improving soil (sand) is further improved.

Cosphaeroids, pseudo-Cosphaeroids, Lepisorus, pseudo-cladocerans, Sphingomonas and Microcoleus, etc. have strong reproductive capacity and stress resistance, and are mostly lichen species, and the combination of the algae can also show synergistic effect. Therefore, it is preferable to use several kinds of algae as the breeding species. In addition, the algae-containing carrier is preferably a high molecular polymer material having a good water retention capacity and being easy to flow, and is intended to improve the survival ability and the propagation performance of algae.

Preferably, the preparation method of the sand fixing agent comprises the following steps:

a) sequentially placing styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and acrylamide in a container in sequence, firstly stirring the mixed solution in the container at 15-18 ℃ for 5-8 minutes, then continuously stirring for 5-10 minutes after adjusting the temperature to 20-25 ℃, then adjusting the temperature to 18-20 ℃ and stirring for 10-12 minutes to obtain a first mixed solution;

b) uniformly mixing polyvinyl acetate, anionic polyacrylamide, silica sol, styrene-acrylic emulsion, glycol acetate, glycerol triacetate, propylene carbonate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and alpha-cyanoacrylate to obtain a second mixed solution;

c) mixing sodium styrene sulfonate, sodium vinylsulfonate, allyloxy nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, allyloxy hydroxypropyl sodium sulfonate, hydroxypropyl sodium methacrylate, 4-alkene butoxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid sodium, 2-acrylamide-2, 2-dimethyl ethanesulfonic acid sodium, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propyl ammonium sulfonate, ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate, and dissolving with water with the mass being 20-40 times of the total mass after mixing to obtain a third mixed solution;

d) adding 45-50% of the first mixed solution and 45-50% of the third mixed solution in mass percent into water at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ in sequence, and stirring for reacting for 40-70 minutes to obtain a first reaction solution;

e) heating the first reaction solution to 70-80 ℃, spraying the rest first mixed solution and the rest third mixed solution into the first reaction solution, heating the reaction system to 95 ℃ after spraying, keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours, and cooling the reaction system to 15-20 ℃ in 30-40 minutes to obtain a second reaction solution;

f) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol with 5-10 times of water by mass, uniformly mixing the dissolved polyvinyl alcohol with the second reaction liquid, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate, boric acid, calcium carbonate and calcium acetate, adding a part of bentonite and sawdust, and uniformly stirring at normal temperature to obtain a first pre-use liquid;

g) adding water glass, silicon carbide, cobalt sulfate and potassium silicate into the second mixed solution in sequence, stirring and uniformly mixing under a heating condition, adding the rest bentonite, sawdust and the whole amount of waste paper pulp, and diluting with water to obtain a second pre-use solution;

h) and respectively and independently packaging the first pre-use solution, the second pre-use solution and the microbial solution to obtain the sand fixing agent.

Preferably, the preparation method of the modifying agent comprises the following steps:

A) uniformly mixing kaolin and fly ash, adding water, stirring into a dough, and heating the dough for 1-1.5 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;

B) uniformly mixing diatomite and turf, adding the fulvic acid concentrated solution, adding water, and continuously mixing to obtain a second mixture;

C) adding a straw decomposition agent into plant straw powder, decomposing the plant straw powder, mixing the plant straw powder with an organic fertilizer, humus, traditional Chinese medicine waste residue powder and waste tea residues, stacking and fermenting the mixture, mixing the mixture with vinasse, leaf rotting soil, sawdust, rice chaff ash, loose phosphorus and coconut coir, uniformly stirring the mixture, and standing the mixture at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 2-3 days to obtain a third mixture;

D) uniformly mixing the zeolite powder, the glass beads and the silica powder; obtaining a fourth mixture;

E) and uniformly mixing the second mixture and the third mixture, adding urea, monoammonium phosphate and a slow release fertilizer, dispersing and stirring, adding the first mixture and the fourth mixture, uniformly stirring, adding an algae-containing carrier and a microbial liquid, continuously uniformly mixing, and spreading to the environment of 25-30 ℃ for 2-5 hours to obtain the modifier.

The preparation method of the sand fixing agent is specially formulated based on the composition of the sand fixing agent, and different combination modes and operation processes are adopted for different components; generally, the organic components are mixed and reacted with a specific initiating composition to form an emulsion under specific conditions, again specifically selected based on the materials added and the amounts. Particularly, the step d) and the step e) are discovered through a great deal of research and study, and if the two mixed solutions are directly mixed and reacted, the preparation of the first pre-use solution in the step f) is difficult to realize (the requirements of viscosity and adhesiveness cannot be met) no matter how the reaction temperature and the reaction time are optimized. It has been surprisingly found that improved adhesion can be achieved in a batch-wise manner by differentiating the reaction temperature and time, and that high temperature resistance is also achieved. In addition, after bentonite is matched with water glass, silicon carbide, cobalt sulfate, potassium silicate and the like, the water retention property of the bentonite is unexpectedly found to be improved, so that the sand-fixing composition which has excellent sand-fixing performance and is beneficial to the rapid propagation of microorganisms is obtained.

For the same reason, the modifier is prepared by adopting specific technological parameters and methods so as to realize the optimal soil property improvement effect.

Preferably, since the sand-fixing agent is actually composed of two separate pre-applied liquids, the best sand-fixing effect can be achieved by the following method through multiple exploration and practice during the using process:

opening a ditch with the depth of 20-40 cm on the surface of the sand fixing belt, spraying the microbial liquid to the ditch, and burying the ditch after adding organic humus; mixing the first pre-use liquid and the second pre-use liquid according to the volume and dosage ratio of 2: the ratio of 1 is sprayed on the surface of the sand fixing belt.

According to the method, different types of compositions are combined, different treatment processes are specially adopted, firstly, a ditch with the depth of 20-40 cm is formed on the surface of a sand land used for a sand fixing area, the microbial liquid is sprayed to the ditch, and the ditch is buried after organic humus is added. In the ditch with the depth of 20-40 cm, the oxygen content and the water content of the ditch just meet the mass propagation of microorganisms, and the addition of the organic humus provides a raw material source for the mass propagation of the microorganisms, so that a large amount of secondary metabolites can be obtained through the metabolic activity of the microorganisms in a short time, and the soil texture improving effect is achieved. Then, mixing the first pre-use liquid and the second pre-use liquid with the sand fixing effect according to the volume and dosage ratio of 2: the pre-used liquid with the proportion of 1 is sprayed on the sand surface of a sand fixing area, the pre-used liquid can play a sand fixing effect, a formed sand fixing layer has strong cohesiveness, high temperature resistance, aging resistance, good water retention, strong air permeability and high curing speed, the water retention and air permeability of the pre-used liquid are outstanding, so that the soil improvement effect is very obvious, and in addition, in order to further improve the soil improvement effect, a water mixed liquid containing zeolite powder and vermiculite powder with a set weight ratio can be added before burying a ditch. On one hand, the soil property improvement effect is improved, and on the other hand, the sand fixation speed of the two subsequent pretreatment liquids can be accelerated. (the vermiculite powder has good cation exchange property, adsorbability and water retention property, improves the microenvironment of the environment, stores water and ventilates air, and the pH value of the surrounding environment, so that the two emulsions are quickly solidified to fix sand).

In an optional scheme, in the process of specific application of the sand fixing agent, besides the organic humus, the same amount of humate is preferably added; the addition of the salt can increase the content of microorganisms (by 3-5 times) and has the effect of loosening sandy soil. Specifically, the preparation method of the salt is as follows: crushing humic acid to 120-mesh powder and 150-mesh powder, preparing a 30% w/v solution by adding water, adding 12% potassium hydroxide for reaction, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, pressurizing and stirring the obtained reaction solution at 4-5 atmospheric pressures for 30-50 minutes, preserving heat at 40-50 ℃ for more than 10 hours, adding copper sulfate with the mass of 1/15 humic acid into the reaction solution after heat preservation, preserving heat at 50 ℃ for reaction for 3 hours, filtering and drying to obtain the humic acid.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) in the application, a series of composite means such as artificial greening, sand fixing by using a sand fixing agent, repairing by using an improver and the like are adopted, sand greening is realized, guarantee is provided for survival of transplanted seedlings, multiple measures are used simultaneously, and a prerequisite is created for self repairing of the sand. The provided sand-fixing agent has the advantages of exquisite compatibility of all components, and the viscosity of the prepared liquid-state pre-use liquid is about 50-400mPa.s, so that the spraying and the quick construction of sand fixing are very easy.

(2) In the sand fixing agent, two pre-used liquids are prepared by reacting specific and complex components, and have excellent cohesiveness, fluidity and air permeability, the formed bonding layer has high compressive strength and excellent ageing resistance, the loss rate in long-term use is low, the bonding layer formed by low loss rate has good air permeability, and guarantees are provided for growth and reproduction of internal microorganisms.

(3) The modifier used in the invention has a good compatibility relationship, is divided into different levels, integrates sand fixation, improvement and ecological maintenance into a whole, forms a multi-level three-dimensional improvement effect, and stabilizes the propagation and growth environment of microorganisms and plants through sand fixation.

(4) The sand fixation barrier, the water storage cellar, the planting belt, the planting plate and the like which are of specific structures provide powerful guarantee for the whole sapling transplanting and the subsequent growth, and meanwhile, as most of devices are made of degradable materials, extra environmental pressure is not brought.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a water storage cellar provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a field planting plate provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a green area provided by the present invention;

wherein, the annular groove is-101; a water storage cellar-102; a tapered ramp-103; a planting plate-201; planting hole-202.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a desert greening method, which specifically includes the following steps:

setting a wind-proof sand-fixing area at the edge of the sand to be greened, setting a sand-fixing barrier in the wind-proof sand-fixing area, wherein the sand-fixing barrier is in a closed ring shape and surrounds the sand to be greened to form a greened area;

preparing soil outside the sand fixation barrier to form a conical slope 103 sunken towards the center, laying cement concrete on the surface of the conical slope 103 to form a fixed smooth surface, then setting an annular groove 101 at the bottom of the conical slope 103, downwards forming a water storage cellar 102 with the depth of 30-50 meters and the diameter of 4-8 meters in the center of the annular groove 101, and wrapping the surface of the water storage cellar 102 with the cement concrete; a plurality of water inlet holes are distributed on the wall of the annular groove 101, and each water inlet hole is provided with a filter screen;

setting planting belts and sand fixing belts in a green area at intervals in parallel; the planting belt is a strip-shaped groove, and the modifying agent is paved at the bottom of the groove and then ploughed and leveled; then, a planting plate 201 is laid at the bottom of the groove, and a row of planting holes 202 are formed in the planting plate 201 along the length direction of the planting plate;

after a planting pot containing indoor cultivated seedlings is planted on the planting hole 202, the strip-shaped groove is buried, and the surface after burying is not higher than the top edge of the planting pot;

applying a sand fixing agent on the surface of the sand fixing zone, and delivering water to the planting pot once every 1-2 months until the height of the tree seedlings is higher than 3 m;

the sand-fixing agent is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

Preferably, in the above aspects, in the embodiments of the present application, the structural material of the planting pot, the connection relationship between the planting pot and the water storage cellar, the components of the fixing agent and the modifying agent, the preparation method and the like may be further defined or increased according to the above description.

Next, with the above contents, the desert greening method and its partial components of the present invention are described as the following specific examples:

example 1: composition and preparation of sand-fixing agent

The raw material components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 62 parts of first material, 21 parts of second material, 1 part of microbial liquid, 15 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of waste paper pulp and 240 parts of water.

Specifically, the first material mainly comprises the following components:

4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts of styrene, 5 parts of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts of butyl acrylate, 7 parts of ethyl acrylate, 7 parts of methyl acrylate, 3 parts of acrylic acid, 2 parts of methacrylic acid, 4 parts of acrylamide, 1 part of sodium styrene sulfonate, 1 part of sodium vinyl sulfonate, 2 parts of ammonium allyloxy nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1 part of allyloxy hydroxypropyl sodium sulfonate, 1 part of hydroxypropyl sodium methacrylate, 1.5 parts of 4-alkene butoxy-2-hydroxypropyl sodium sulfonate, 1.5 parts of 2-acrylamide-2, 2-dimethyl ethyl sodium sulfonate, 1 part of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propyl ammonium sulfonate, 4 parts of polyvinyl acetate, 2 parts of anionic polyacrylamide, 0.2 part of silica sol, 0.2 part of styrene-acrylic emulsion, 0.2 part of ethylene glycol acetate, 2 parts of glycerol triacetate, 2 parts of propylene carbonate, 0.2 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose and 0.2 part of alpha-cyanoacrylate;

1 part of calcium oxide, 5 parts of calcium sulfate, 1 part of boric acid, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of ammonium persulfate, 1 part of potassium persulfate, 2 parts of water glass, 2 parts of calcium acetate, 2 parts of silicon carbide, 2 parts of cobalt sulfate and 2 parts of potassium silicate.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

s11: placing styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and acrylamide in a container in sequence, firstly stirring the mixed solution in the container at 15 ℃ for 5 minutes, then continuously stirring for 10 minutes after adjusting the temperature to 20 ℃, then adjusting the temperature to 18 ℃ and stirring for 12 minutes to obtain a first mixed solution;

s12: sequentially adding sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, alpha-cyanoacrylate, silica sol, styrene-acrylic emulsion, glycol acetate, glycerol triacetate, propylene carbonate, polyvinyl acetate and anionic polyacrylamide into a mixing container at 25 ℃ under the condition of 25 revolutions per minute to obtain a second mixed solution;

s13: mixing sodium styrene sulfonate, sodium vinylsulfonate, allyloxy nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, allyloxy hydroxypropyl sodium sulfonate, hydroxypropyl sodium methacrylate, 4-alkene butoxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid sodium, 2-acrylamide-2, 2-dimethyl ethanesulfonic acid sodium, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propyl ammonium sulfonate, ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate, and dissolving the mixture by using water with the mass being 35 times of the total mass after mixing to obtain a third mixed solution;

s14: adding 50 mass percent of the first mixed solution and 50 mass percent of the third mixed solution into water at the temperature of 60 ℃ in sequence, and stirring and reacting for 60 minutes to obtain a first reaction solution;

s15: heating the first reaction solution to 80 ℃, spraying the rest first mixed solution and the rest third mixed solution into the first reaction solution, heating the reaction system to 95 ℃ after spraying, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and cooling the reaction system to 15 ℃ in 30 minutes to obtain a second reaction solution;

s16: dissolving polyvinyl alcohol with 8 times of water by mass, uniformly mixing the dissolved polyvinyl alcohol with the second reaction liquid, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate, boric acid, calcium carbonate and calcium acetate, adding a part of bentonite (which accounts for 2/3) and sawdust (which accounts for 1/4), and uniformly stirring at normal temperature to obtain a first pre-use liquid;

s17: adding water glass, silicon carbide, cobalt sulfate and potassium silicate into the second mixed solution in sequence, stirring and uniformly mixing under heating, adding the rest bentonite, sawdust and the whole amount of waste paper pulp, and diluting with water to obtain a second pre-use solution;

s18: and respectively and independently packaging the first pre-use solution, the second pre-use solution and the microbial solution to obtain the sand fixing agent.

Example 2: composition and preparation of modifying agent

The raw material components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of diatomite, 100 parts of fly ash, 60 parts of kaolin, 100 parts of grass carbon, 140 parts of plant straw powder, 16 parts of algae-containing carrier, 50 parts of organic fertilizer, 55 parts of humus, 30 parts of zeolite powder, 25 parts of glass microsphere, 20 parts of silica powder and 25 parts of microbial liquid;

12 parts of urea, 12 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 35 parts of traditional Chinese medicine waste residue powder, 30 parts of waste tea residues, 16 parts of fulvic acid concentrated solution, 50 parts of vinasse, 45 parts of leaf mold, 50 parts of sawdust, 250 parts of rice chaff ash, 20 parts of loose phosphorus, 60 parts of coconut coir and 35 parts of slow release fertilizer.

Wherein, the plant straw powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

8% of corn stalk powder, 14% of corn cob powder, 25% of potato straw powder, 10% of sea buckthorn straw powder, 10% of alhagi sparsifolia straw powder, 10% of rice straw powder, 8% of flax straw powder, 5% of wheat straw powder, 5% of sorghum straw powder and 5% of pea straw powder;

the microbial liquid is a liquid obtained by culturing and fermenting actinomycetes, azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium and sulfate reducing bacteria;

the algae-containing carrier is a high molecular polymer material loaded with Coccomyxa, Pseudocochlioxa, Lepisorus, Pseudocladocera, Sphingomonas, Microcoleus, Anabaena, Coccidioides and Nostoc.

Preparation method

S21: mixing kaolin and fly ash uniformly, adding water, stirring into a dough, and heating the dough for 1.5 hours at 32 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;

s22: uniformly mixing diatomite and turf, adding fulvic acid concentrated solution, adding water, and continuously uniformly mixing (to a viscous state which can flow) to obtain a second mixture;

s23: adding a straw decomposition agent into plant straw powder, decomposing, mixing with an organic fertilizer, humus, traditional Chinese medicine waste residue powder and waste tea residues, stacking, fermenting, mixing with vinasse, leaf rotting soil, sawdust, rice chaff ash, loose phosphorus and coconut husk, uniformly stirring, and standing at 25 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a third mixture;

s24: mixing and stirring zeolite powder, glass beads and silica powder uniformly; obtaining a fourth mixture;

s25: uniformly mixing the second mixture and the third mixture, adding urea, monoammonium phosphate and slow release fertilizer, dispersing and stirring, adding the first mixture and the fourth mixture, uniformly stirring, adding an algae-containing carrier and a microbial liquid, continuously uniformly mixing, and paving at 28 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a pre-used powder material;

in the step, the preparation method of the algae-containing carrier comprises the following steps:

mixing sodium alginate, polyhydroxyalkanoate and cellulose at a weight ratio of 5:2:1, sterilizing, mixing with purified and cultured algae, making into 2mm spheres, placing the spheres in 0.08M calcium chloride water solution, keeping for 50 min, taking out the spheres, and air drying to obtain the algae-containing carrier.

Example 3: desert greening method

S31: setting a wind-proof sand-fixing area at the edge of the sand to be greened, setting a sand-fixing barrier in the wind-proof sand-fixing area, wherein the sand-fixing barrier is in a closed ring shape and surrounds the sand to be greened to form a greened area;

s32: preparing soil outside the sand fixation barrier to form a conical slope 103 sunken towards the center, laying cement concrete on the surface of the conical slope 103 to form a fixed smooth surface, then setting an annular groove 101 at the bottom of the conical slope 103, downwards forming a water storage cellar 102 with the depth of 30 meters and the diameter of 5 meters in the center of the annular groove 101, and wrapping the surface of the water storage cellar 102 with the cement concrete; a plurality of water inlet holes are distributed on the wall of the annular groove 101, and each water inlet hole is provided with a filter screen;

s33: setting planting belts and sand fixing belts in a green area at intervals in parallel; the planting belt is a strip-shaped groove, and the modifying agent (provided by embodiment 2) is paved at the bottom of the groove and then ploughed and leveled; then, a planting plate 201 is laid at the bottom of the groove, and a row of planting holes 202 are formed in the planting plate 201 along the length direction of the planting plate;

s34: after a planting pot containing indoor cultivated seedlings is planted on the planting hole 202, the strip-shaped groove is buried, and the surface after burying is not higher than the top edge of the planting pot;

s35: a sand fixing agent (provided in example 1) is applied to the surface of the sand fixing belt and cured by water.

Example 4

The embodiment is further deepened limitation and increase of embodiment 3, and specifically, on the basis of embodiment 3, the planting pot comprises an annular sleeve with a cavity and a fixed pot arranged at one end of the annular sleeve from top to bottom, a water inlet end is arranged at one end of the annular sleeve, which is far away from the fixed pot, a plurality of water permeable holes are arranged at the bottom of one end of the annular sleeve, which is connected with the fixed pot, and a permeable membrane is arranged at one side of each water permeable hole, which is positioned in the cavity of the annular sleeve; the fixing basin is a hollow truncated cone, and the bottom area of one end of the fixing basin, which is far away from the annular sleeve, is larger than that of the end of the fixing basin, which is in contact with the annular sleeve; water is filled in the annular sleeve; soil is arranged in the fixed basin. The water inlet of every field planting basin is connected to water main through the pipeline respectively, and water main and water cellar 102 pass through the water pump intercommunication, are provided with the air vent on the field planting basin, and the field planting board 201 with the field planting basin is made by degradable material.

Comparative example 1:

in the comparative example, the sand-fixing effect was examined by setting different compatibility relationships of the sand-fixing agent. Wherein the preparation method and product composition of the whole composition in comparative example 1 are similar to example 1 except that bentonite and waste pulp are absent from the composition, and at the same time sodium hydroxypropyl sulfonate methacrylate, sodium 4-en-butoxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate, sodium 2-acrylamide-2, 2-dimethylethanesulfonate, ammonium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, polyvinyl acetate, anionic polyacrylamide are also absent.

Comparative example 2:

in the comparative example, the improvement effect of the modifier is checked by setting different compatibility relations of the modifier; in this comparative example, diatomaceous earth, fly ash, kaolin, and turf were not included; and does not contain plant straw powder, humus, vinasse and leaf mold; the other component contents and the preparation route were the same as in example 2.

Test example 1:

a ditch with the depth of 25 cm is formed on the surface of the simulated sand, the microbial liquid is sprayed to the ditch, and the ditch is buried after organic humus is added;

the first pre-use liquid and the second pre-use liquid in example 1 and comparative example 1 are mixed according to the volume ratio of 2:1 is sprayed on the sand surface of a sand fixing area; wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/m². After the sand-fixing bonding layer is formed, the indexes of wind erosion resistance, compressive strength, freeze-thaw resistance, strength loss rate, quality loss rate, aging resistance, moisture retention performance and the like are counted, and specific results refer to table 1.

Wherein:

thickness of the sand fixation bonding layer: after the sand-fixing bonding layer was stably formed, the thickness was measured.

Wind erosion resistance: and measuring the mass loss rate (mass loss for short) and the strength loss rate (strong loss for short) of the sand-fixing bonding layer under a specific wind speed condition, wherein the mass loss rate and the strength loss rate are one month under the condition of 20km/h wind speed.

Compressive strength: and after the sand-fixing bonding layer is stably formed, the compressive strength of the sand-fixing bonding layer is counted.

Freeze-thaw resistance: and (4) counting the strength loss rate and the quality loss rate of the sand-fixing bonding layer under a plurality of freeze-thaw cycles (the sand-fixing bonding layer is circularly treated for 20 times under the condition that the temperature difference is more than 50 ℃).

Aging resistance: and under the condition of continuous ultraviolet irradiation, counting the intensity loss rate of the sand-fixing bonding layer (the ultraviolet irradiation is carried out for 200 hours).

Moisture retention property: the formed sand-fixing bonding layer was dried in a drying oven, and the moisture retention was counted (moisture loss rate of 3 hours of oven treatment at 40 ℃).

Table 1 test example 1 test results

Test example 2:

the respective pre-applied liquids obtained in example 2 and comparative example 2 were sprayed (1-2 kg/m)²) Spreading the pre-used powder material on the sand-fixing layer (the filling thickness is 50-100mm) after the bottom bonding layer is formed on the sand surface for simulating formation, and spraying the pre-used liquid material (3-5 kg/m) on the top layer of the spreading layer²) And forms the top adhesive layer.

Referring to Table 2, it was found that the microorganism content of the middle improvement layer reached 6X 10 after 2 months in example 2⁷Each g, and after 2 months of improvement, the thickness of the middle layer is 100mm below the improved layer, the middle layer is loose, and the porosity is high. In comparative example 2, the microbial content of the modified layer was 10⁵Per gram, and the cover is tightly covered by two layers, and the air permeability is poor.

Table 2 test example 2 test results

Test example 3: the effect of example 3 was verified, and corresponding data are given.

In example 3, the water storage amount of the water storage cellar, the humidity in the planting pot, the number of microorganisms in the planting pot and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings after 2 months, 4 months and 6 months were counted respectively, and the results are shown in table 3. Wherein the accumulated water amount is the volume of the water storage cellar occupied by the accumulated water during statistics; the growth rate is (the height of the transplanted seedling-the height of the seedling at the time of transplantation) or the height of the seedling at the time of transplantation.

Table 3 example 3 different stage index testing

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A desert greening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the planting pot comprises an annular sleeve with a cavity and a fixed pot arranged at one end part of the annular sleeve from top to bottom, wherein a water inlet end is arranged at one end of the annular sleeve, which is far away from the fixed pot, a plurality of water permeable holes are arranged at the bottom of one end of the annular sleeve, which is connected with the fixed pot, and a permeable membrane is arranged at one side of each water permeable hole, which is positioned in the cavity of the annular sleeve; the fixing basin is a hollow truncated cone, and the bottom area of one end of the fixing basin, which is far away from the annular sleeve, is larger than that of the end of the fixing basin, which is in contact with the annular sleeve; water is filled in the annular sleeve; soil is arranged in the fixed basin; the water inlet of each planting pot is connected to a water delivery main pipe through a pipeline, and the water delivery main pipe is communicated with the water storage cellar through a water pump;

the fixed basin is provided with an air vent, and the field planting plate and the field planting basin are both made of degradable materials;

the microbial liquid is a liquid obtained by culturing and fermenting one or more of actinomycetes, azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium and sulfate reducing bacteria;

and;

the algae-containing carrier is loaded with two or more than two high molecular polymer materials of Coccomyxa, Pseudocochliobolus, Lepisorus, Pseudocladosporium, Sphingomonas, Anabaena, Coccomyxococcus and Nostoc;

0.5-2 parts of calcium oxide, 2-6 parts of calcium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of boric acid, 1-3 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of ammonium persulfate, 0.5-1 part of potassium persulfate, 1-4 parts of water glass, 1-3 parts of calcium acetate, 1-3 parts of silicon carbide, 1-3 parts of cobalt sulfate and 1-3 parts of potassium silicate;

the preparation method of the sand fixing agent comprises the following steps:

h) respectively and independently packaging the first pre-use solution, the second pre-use solution and the microbial solution to obtain a sand fixing agent;

in step 5), the sand-fixing agent is applied by the following method:

2. The method for greening a desert as recited in claim 1, wherein said modifying agent is prepared by a method comprising: