CN112292958B - Method for ecological restoration and water and soil loss treatment by using microbial reaction - Google Patents
Method for ecological restoration and water and soil loss treatment by using microbial reaction Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/005—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing gelatineous or gel forming binders, e.g. gelatineous Al(OH)3, sol-gel binders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ecological restoration and water and soil loss treatment by utilizing microbial reaction, which can protect the ecological environment of a side slope and prevent the water and soil loss of the side slope. The method comprises the following steps: s1, loosening the soil; s2, leveling; s3, laying a layer of naturally degradable film, digging a embedding pit, placing a naturally degradable isolation cylinder in the embedding pit, and arranging a through hole on the isolation cylinder; s4, paving organic clay, pre-planting wheat straw seedlings with shallow layers on the organic clay, and leaving the positions corresponding to the isolation cylinders; s5, placing the cultured green bristlegrass seedlings in an isolation cylinder; s6, spraying reaction liquid containing microorganisms, calcium acetate and urea regularly, after the film and the isolation cylinder are degraded, no spraying reaction liquid is needed, the root system of the plant naturally grows and extends into the soil area needing to be repaired, and the organic clay layer and the soil area below the organic clay layer are integrated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a method for carrying out ecological restoration and water and soil loss treatment by utilizing microbial reaction.
Background
In the process of excavation construction of the expressway, a large number of road side slopes can be formed on two sides of the expressway, a large number of exposed soil bodies can be formed in the process of mining, and then ecological environment damage and water and soil loss occur, so that economic loss is caused.
In order to repair a side slope and manage water and soil loss of the side slope, the side slope is generally subjected to ecological management by adopting the technologies of foreign soil transplantation repair, three-dimensional vegetation net repair and the like in the prior engineering, but the foreign soil transplantation repair can cause uneven vegetation growth and quality after planting bare slope vegetation without related maintenance, the vegetation net repair process is complex, the vegetation net is quick to age, the porosity among soil bodies is large, and the soil body is weakened by increasing the self weight of the soil body after rainwater enters the soil body through pores, so that the water and soil loss is caused.
The slope ecological environment destruction and the water and soil loss are a chain reaction process. How to rapidly restore the ecological environment of the side slope and manage the water and soil loss of the side slope in the construction process is a problem which is not solved all the time in the field of ecological management and engineering protection of the side slope.
According to the existing method for repairing by using the microbial reaction liquid, calcium carbonate can penetrate into the soil, on one hand, the bonding density of the upper layer of calcium carbonate and the soil body is insufficient, the anti-scouring capability is poor, on the other hand, the lower layer of calcium carbonate can harden the soil, the root growth and nutrient absorption of plants are influenced, and on the other hand, a large amount of reaction liquid can be wasted, so that the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for ecological restoration and water and soil loss treatment by using microbial reaction.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for ecological restoration and soil erosion treatment by utilizing microbial reaction comprises the following steps:
s1, loosening the soil on the surface of the soil body area needing to be repaired, and removing weeds;
s2, adjusting the flatness of the soil body area to make the surface thereof more flat;
s3, laying a layer of naturally degradable film on the surface of a soil body area, uniformly digging holes in the film, digging out soil bodies in the holes to form embedding pits, placing naturally degradable isolation cylinders in the embedding pits, and uniformly arranging through holes of 1-5mm in the isolation cylinders;
s4, uniformly paving organic clay with a thickness of 2-8cm on the surface of the film, pre-planting shallow ryegrass seedlings on the organic clay, making the space corresponding to the isolation cylinder vacant, and building a rain shelter to prevent rain;
s5, placing cultivated green bristlegrass seedlings in an isolation cylinder, pre-planting the green bristlegrass seedlings on organic clay, digging out the continuous soil, enabling the shape of the soil to correspond to that of the isolation cylinder, supplementing the organic clay to fill the isolation cylinder, enabling the organic clay in the isolation cylinder and the organic clay layer to form a whole, and enabling the organic clay layer to be embedded in a soil body area needing to be repaired;
s6, spraying a reaction solution containing microorganisms, calcium acetate and urea regularly, wherein the urea promotes the ryegrass seedlings and green bristlegrass seedlings to grow rapidly, the root systems of the ryegrass seedlings/green bristlegrass seedlings are attached to a film/an isolation cylinder, and the root systems of the green bristlegrass seedlings penetrate through the through holes to increase the biting force with the soil body below; meanwhile, urea decomposes carbonate ions under the metabolism of microorganisms, calcium ions are decomposed by calcium acetate, the carbonate ions and the calcium ions are combined to generate calcium carbonate crystals with cementing capacity, most of the calcium carbonate crystals are attached to soil particle gaps of an organic clay layer under the action of the film and the isolation cylinder to fill soil gaps, a reinforcing layer stable soil body with the thickness of 2-8cm is formed, a small part of calcium carbonate crystals penetrate through the through holes to form a root-shaped calcium carbonate connector, the connection strength of the organic clay layer and a lower soil body area is increased, reaction liquid is not sprayed after the film and the isolation cylinder are degraded, the root system of a plant naturally grows and extends into the soil body area needing to be repaired, and the organic clay layer and the lower soil body area are integrated.
Preferably, the materials of the film and the isolation cylinder are polylactic acid.
Preferably, in step S6, the microorganism is bacillus pasteurii or bacillus megaterium.
Preferably, in step S6, the molar ratio of calcium acetate to urea in the reaction solution is 0.5-1.0: 0.7 to 1.2, the urea also promotes the growth of grass seedlings while generating calcium carbonate by reaction, the concentration is properly adjusted to be high, and the pH value of reaction liquid is adjusted to 8.0 to 8.5 by sodium hydroxide.
Preferably, in step S6, the reaction solution is uniformly sprayed every 4 to 5 days.
Preferably, according to the ecological restoration effect, grass seedlings on the soil body area are restored by adopting a mode of spraying reaction liquid in a targeted mode, so that the growth uniformity of the grass seedlings is ensured.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention saves reaction liquid, and the calcium carbonate crystallization can influence the absorption of plants to nutrients, in the invention, the root system of the plants at the later stage extends into the natural soil body, only a small amount of calcium carbonate crystallization exists, the soil quality is looser, the growth effect is better, the calcium carbonate crystallization density of the organic clay layer is larger, the connection strength with the soil body area is high, the integral slippage can not occur, and the effect of rain erosion resistance is better.
The invention relates to microbiology, geotechnical engineering and agriculture, and belongs to a novel ecological restoration technology with high interdisciplinary discipline. The ecological restoration and water and soil treatment are carried out on the exposed soil body through the metabolism reaction of microorganisms, and the ecological restoration and water and soil treatment method is mainly applied to ecological damage areas such as side slopes excavated by infrastructure construction, mine soil body excavation, water conservancy construction and the like. The method is mainly characterized in that grass seeds are transplanted on the exposed soil body, and bacteria liquid which is maintained in a laboratory is sprayed on the grass seeds, so that the effects of promoting the rapid recovery of an ecological system of the exposed soil body and treating water and soil are achieved.
The reaction solution contains a large amount of urea, so that a large amount of chemical fertilizer elements can be provided for grass seeds, the growth cycle of common grass seeds is about 30 days, and the spray-sown grass seeds are usually 50-60 days.
The root system has certain connection and winding each other after the shaping of ryegrass growth on the grass seeds, and the root system of vegetation on the grass seeds is connected with the soil body again, forms firm an organic whole, and the reaction generates the calcium carbonate crystallization that has cementitious ability and adheres to soil body granule surface, reduces soil body granule porosity by a wide margin, discovers through carrying out the on-the-spot scouring experiment, and the soil body after adopting this technique to restore is than not adopting the soil body that this technique was restoreed, and the scour resistance performance improves about 85%, can effectually resist the rainwater and erode. The root system of the cibotium barometz is bulkier and the connection strength is higher.
The product of the microbial reaction is calcium carbonate, the fusion with the soil matrix is good, the formed cement has high strength, and the soil strength can be improved while the ecological environment is restored to control water and soil loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for ecological restoration and soil erosion control by using microbial reaction comprises the following steps:
s1, loosening the soil on the surface of the soil body area needing to be repaired, and removing weeds;
s2, adjusting the flatness of the soil body area to make the surface thereof more flat;
s3, laying a layer of naturally degradable film on the surface of a soil body area, uniformly digging holes in the film, digging out soil bodies in the holes to form embedding pits, placing naturally degradable isolation cylinders in the embedding pits, and uniformly arranging through holes of 1-5mm in the isolation cylinders; the film and the isolation cylinder are made of polylactic acid, and the degradation speed is high. The isolation cylinder can also be made into a cylinder shape by adopting a film, and one end extending into the soil body is sealed.
S4, uniformly paving organic clay with a thickness of 2-8cm on the surface of the film, pre-planting shallow ryegrass seedlings on the organic clay, making the space corresponding to the isolation cylinder vacant, and building a rain shelter to prevent rain;
southern revetment grass seed: at least one of paspalum natatum, zoysia japonica and bermudagrass can also be adopted.
Northern slope protection grass seeds: tall fescue can also be used.
S5, placing cultivated green bristlegrass seedlings in an isolation cylinder (certainly, if rapid restoration is not needed, shrubs can be replaced by the green bristled seedlings, the cost is high, and the time is long), pre-planting the green bristled grass seedlings on organic clay, digging out the grass seedlings with soil, enabling the shape of the soil to correspond to that of the isolation cylinder, filling the isolation cylinder with supplemented organic clay, enabling the organic clay and the organic clay in the isolation cylinder to form a whole, and enabling the organic clay to be embedded in a soil body area needing restoration;
s6, uniformly spraying a reaction solution containing microorganisms, calcium acetate and urea once every 4-5 days on the grass seedlings, wherein the microorganisms are Bacillus pasteurii or Bacillus megaterium. In the reaction liquid, the molar ratio of calcium acetate to urea is 0.5: 0.52, the urea also promotes the growth of grass seedlings while reacting to generate calcium carbonate, the concentration is properly adjusted to be higher, more urea is used as a fertilizer, and the pH value of reaction liquid is adjusted to 8 by sodium hydroxide. The urea promotes the ryegrass grass seedlings and the green bristlegrass seedlings to grow quickly, the root systems of the ryegrass grass seedlings/the green bristlegrass seedlings are attached to the film/the isolation cylinder, and the root systems of the green bristlegrass seedlings penetrate through the through holes to increase the biting force with the lower soil body; meanwhile, urea decomposes carbonate ions under the metabolism of microorganisms, calcium ions are decomposed by calcium acetate, the carbonate ions and the calcium ions are combined to generate calcium carbonate crystals with cementing capacity, most of the calcium carbonate crystals are attached to soil particle gaps of an organic clay layer under the action of the film and the isolation cylinder to fill soil gaps, a reinforcing layer stable soil body with the thickness of 2-8cm is formed, a small part of calcium carbonate crystals penetrate through the through holes to form a root-shaped calcium carbonate connector, the connection strength of the organic clay layer and a lower soil body area is increased, reaction liquid is not sprayed after the film and the isolation cylinder are degraded, the root system of a plant naturally grows and extends into the soil body area needing to be repaired, and the organic clay layer and the lower soil body area are integrated.
The loose rock-soil body on the surface layer can be made to be harder by repeatedly spraying the microbial reaction liquid for 3 times, vegetation growth is remarkably promoted, the porosity of a soil body is greatly reduced, 80-90% of rainwater is effectively reduced to enter the soil body, water and soil loss of the side slope is prevented, and the stability of the side slope after restoration is prolonged. According to the ecological restoration effect, grass seedlings on the soil body area are restored by adopting a mode of spraying reaction liquid in a targeted mode, so that the growth uniformity of the grass seedlings is ensured. Stopping spraying the reaction liquid about day 20 to ensure that the soil body is stable and the grass body reaches a normal use state; and after the culture is successful, removing the rain shelter.
Example two
The method for pre-planting ryegrass seedlings on organic clay comprises the following steps:
sowing seeds (ryegrass seeds) on the cultivation soil layer;
laying a layer of plastic screen plate on the surface;
after the seeds grow, the straw rod passes through the holes of the plastic net plate, and when the plants grow to be in a transplantable state, a layer of fine soil is scattered on the plastic net plate and needs to be fully distributed in the gaps of the holes of the plastic net plate;
spraying a primary reaction liquid to enable the fine soil to be solidified roughly to form a coarse barrier layer, wherein root systems of the plants are all positioned below the coarse waterproof layer;
transplanting (with the cultivated soil layer and the plastic net plate, dividing into blocks).
The effect is in, when the later stage sprays the reaction liquid, under the effect of thick barrier layer, the decurrent infiltration speed of calcium carbonate crystallization slows down, is favorable to plant roots's growth, and is convenient for wholly transplant, and soil is difficult broken, and moreover, the clearance between the soil layer piece after the transplantation (cultivation soil layer, plastics otter board) is filled through ordinary clay, can fix under calcium carbonate crystallization fast, and stable effect is better.
After the ryegrass seedlings are transplanted by adopting the method, the reaction liquid is sprayed in the later period, and the ryegrass is required to be sprayed in gaps and places of the ryegrass.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for carrying out ecological restoration and water and soil loss treatment by utilizing microbial reaction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, loosening the soil on the surface of the soil body area needing to be repaired, and removing weeds;
s2, adjusting the flatness of the soil body area to make the surface thereof more flat;
s3, laying a layer of naturally degradable film on the surface of a soil body area, uniformly digging holes in the film, digging out soil bodies in the holes to form embedding pits, placing naturally degradable isolation cylinders in the embedding pits, and uniformly arranging through holes of 1-5mm in the isolation cylinders;
s4, uniformly paving organic clay with a thickness of 2-8cm on the surface of the film, pre-planting shallow ryegrass seedlings on the organic clay, making the space corresponding to the isolation cylinder vacant, and building a rain shelter to prevent rain;
s5, placing cultivated green bristlegrass seedlings in an isolation cylinder, pre-planting the green bristlegrass seedlings on organic clay, digging out the continuous soil, enabling the shape of the soil to correspond to that of the isolation cylinder, supplementing the organic clay to fill the isolation cylinder, enabling the organic clay in the isolation cylinder and the organic clay layer to form a whole, and enabling the organic clay layer to be embedded in a soil body area needing to be repaired;
s6, spraying a reaction solution containing microorganisms, calcium acetate and urea regularly, wherein the urea promotes the ryegrass seedlings and green bristlegrass seedlings to grow rapidly, the root systems of the ryegrass seedlings/green bristlegrass seedlings are attached to a film/an isolation cylinder, and the root systems of the green bristlegrass seedlings penetrate through the through holes to increase the biting force with the soil body below; meanwhile, urea decomposes carbonate ions under the metabolism of microorganisms, calcium ions are decomposed by calcium acetate, the carbonate ions and the calcium ions are combined to generate calcium carbonate crystals with cementing capacity, most of the calcium carbonate crystals are attached to soil particle gaps of an organic clay layer under the action of the film and the isolation cylinder to fill soil gaps, a reinforcing layer stable soil body with the thickness of 2-8cm is formed, a small part of calcium carbonate crystals penetrate through the through holes to form a root-shaped calcium carbonate connector, the connection strength of the organic clay layer and a lower soil body area is increased, reaction liquid is not sprayed after the film and the isolation cylinder are degraded, the root system of a plant naturally grows and extends into the soil body area needing to be repaired, and the organic clay layer and the lower soil body area are integrated.
2. The method for ecological restoration and soil erosion management by using microbial reaction according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the film and the isolation cylinder are made of polylactic acid.
3. The method for ecological restoration and soil erosion management by using microbial reaction according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the microorganism is bacillus pasteurii or bacillus megaterium.
4. The method for ecological restoration and soil erosion management by using microbial reaction according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the molar ratio of calcium acetate to urea in the reaction solution is 0.5-1.0: 0.7 to 1.2, the urea also promotes the growth of grass seedlings while generating calcium carbonate by reaction, the concentration is properly adjusted to be high, and the pH value of reaction liquid is adjusted to 8.0 to 8.5 by sodium hydroxide.
5. The method for ecological restoration and soil erosion management by using microbial reaction according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the reaction solution is uniformly sprayed every 4-5 days.
6. The method for ecological restoration and soil erosion management by using microbial reaction according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the ecological restoration effect, grass seedlings on the soil body area are restored by adopting a mode of spraying reaction liquid in a targeted mode, so that the growth uniformity of the grass seedlings is ensured.
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