CN106062125B - 蓄热材料组合物 - Google Patents
蓄热材料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106062125B CN106062125B CN201580014237.8A CN201580014237A CN106062125B CN 106062125 B CN106062125 B CN 106062125B CN 201580014237 A CN201580014237 A CN 201580014237A CN 106062125 B CN106062125 B CN 106062125B
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Abstract
将作为不具有源于乙烯基单体的构成单元的多元醇的成分(A)、下述高分子(B-1)和下述高分子(B-2)进行热处理而得的蓄热材料组合物具有优异的形状保持性和耐渗出性。高分子(B-1):以源于丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、以源于甲基丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、或者这些高分子的混合物(其中,在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基的高分子除外)高分子(B-2):在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基、且以源于乙烯基单体的构成单元为主体的高分子。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蓄热材料组合物。蓄热材料组合物是指含有具有蓄热性能的物质、即蓄热材料、和实质上不具有蓄热性能的基质化合物的组合物。
背景技术
近年来,储存热能的技术、即蓄热技术作为解决近来的能量问题的技术之一受到注目。蓄热技术是有效利用太阳能、地热等自然能量、来自冷暖气设备器具的余热的技术,例如作为下述技术被利用:在住宅中,使用价格便宜的夜间电力来储存热,将储存的热作为多种目的的热源利用,抑制白天的电力消耗。
例如,专利文献1中记载了一种蓄热材料,其中以关于链的中心、存在对称的构型这样的具有异构化的构型的多元脂肪族醇为主体,作为该多元脂肪族醇,使用了甘露醇等。
另外,专利文献2中记载了一种蓄热材料,其以选自赤藓醇、甘露醇和半乳糖醇中的糖醇作为主成分,利用这些化合物的熔化潜热。
专利文献3中记载了一种含有蓄热材料的组合物,所述蓄热材料通过在常温下为固体且具有固相相变点的有机化合物中配混尿素类而成,使用三羟甲基甲烷、季戊四醇等作为该有机化合物,含有该蓄热材料的组合物可用于利用了熔化潜热的温热供给。
[专利文献1]日本特表昭63-500946号公报
[专利文献2]日本特开平5-32963号公报
[专利文献3]日本特开2001-152141号公报。
发明内容
上述专利文献中记载的蓄热材料和蓄热材料组合物的形状由于蓄热材料的相变和熔化而变化,因此将上述蓄热材料和蓄热材料组合物封入到能够保持它们的形状且可防止泄露的容器中而使用。
鉴于所述状况,如果利用由相变和熔化导致的形状变化小、蓄热材料的泄漏减少了的蓄热材料组合物,能够使用轻量且柔软的容器、或不需要容器,则可期待蓄热技术的适用领域更为广泛。
本发明的目的在于为了解决该课题,提供形状保持性和耐渗出性(耐ブリード性)优异的蓄热材料组合物。
即,本发明涉及蓄热材料组合物,其是将作为不具有源于乙烯基单体的构成单元的多元醇的成分(A)、下述高分子(B-1)和下述高分子(B-2)进行热处理而得的组合物。
高分子(B-1):以源于丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、以源于甲基丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、或者这些高分子的混合物(其中,在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基的高分子除外)
高分子(B-2):在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基、且以源于乙烯基单体的构成单元为主体的高分子。
根据本发明,可以提供形状保持性和耐渗出性优异的蓄热材料组合物。
具体实施方式
〔多元醇(成分(A))〕
成分(A)的多元醇是在1分子中具有2个以上羟基的醇。该多元醇的分子量优选为800以下,更优选为50以上且800以下。在本发明的蓄热材料组合物中,该成分(A)为蓄热材料。
多元醇根据蓄热材料组合物的作为目标的使用温度带,可以单独使用一种,或也可以将多种组合使用。
作为多元醇,可以列举例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、三亚甲基二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,3-四亚甲基二醇、1,4-四亚甲基二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,3-四亚甲基二醇、2-甲基-1,3-三亚甲基二醇、1,5-五亚甲基二醇、三甲基戊二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、新戊二醇、环己二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,6-六亚甲基二醇、3-甲基-1,5-五亚甲基二醇、2,4-二乙基-1,5-五亚甲基二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、1,10-癸二醇、间二甲苯二醇、对二甲苯二醇、双羟基乙氧基苯、对苯二甲酸双羟基乙基酯、甘油、双甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二(三羟甲基)丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、环己二醇类(1,4-环己二醇、环己烷二甲醇等)、双酚类(双酚A等)、糖醇类(木糖醇、山梨糖醇等)、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、2-羟甲基丙二醇、乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷等。
在这样的多元醇中,还包含在同一分子中兼有羧基、磺基、羧酸酐基、烷氧基羰基、卤代甲酰基、氨基甲酰基、氰基、甲酰基、巯基、氨基、亚氨基等的醇性羟基以外的官能团的化合物。
在上述多元醇中,季戊四醇、三羟甲基乙烷、新戊二醇等的呈现固相-固相转变的化合物从抑制相变前后的形状变化的观点考虑是优选的。这些化合物一般由下式(1)表示。
式(1):(CH3)4-nC(CH2OH)n(其中,n为2~4。)
除了上式(1)所示的化合物以外,作为多元醇优选的呈现固相-固相转变的化合物还可列举三羟甲基氨基乙烷。
另外,在多元醇中,赤藓醇、苏糖醇、木糖醇、卫矛醇、蒜糖醇、甘露醇等的、具有烃直链结构、且每1个碳原子具有1个羟基的多元醇是具有高的潜热(即熔化热)的有机材料,从提高作为蓄热材料的性能的角度考虑,也可以使用这些多元醇。这些化合物一般可用下式(2)表示。
式(2):H{(CH)OH}nH(其中,n为2~10)。
高分子(B-1)是以源于丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、以源于甲基丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、或者这些高分子的混合物(其中,在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基的高分子除外)。其中,“为主体”表示相对于高分子链中的构成单元数每100单元,源于(甲基)丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元的数目超过50单元。具体地,可以列举聚丙烯酸或丙烯酸的盐的均聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的盐的均聚物等。其中,优选是利用与羟基的反应生成水分子的聚丙烯酸或者聚甲基丙烯酸。高分子(B-1)的重均分子量优选为1000以上,更优选为1000以上且1000万以下。
高分子(B-2)是在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基、且以源于乙烯基单体的构成单元作为主体的高分子。
作为这样的高分子,可以列举聚乙烯醇、皂化乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯等丙烯酸酯类的均聚物或共聚物、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯等甲基丙烯酸酯类的均聚物或共聚物、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇等。
其中,从使交联结构充分地形成而使形状保持性和耐渗出性良好的观点考虑,优选是聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸酯类的均聚物或共聚物、和甲基丙烯酸酯类的均聚物或共聚物。
进而其中特别优选与高分子(B-1)形成紧密的交联结构的聚乙烯醇。高分子(B-2)的重均分子量优选为1000以上,更优选为1000以上且1000万以下。
作为高分子(B-1)或高分子(B-2)的合成方法,只要使用公知的本体聚合、溶液聚合、分散聚合、氧化还原聚合等即可,根据需要也可以向含有单体成分的聚合溶液中添加引发剂、链转移剂等、或其它的添加剂等。例如,通过将上述的单体成分、在公知的过氧化物、偶氮化合物等自由基聚合引发剂的存在下进行溶液聚合,可以得到高分子(B-1)或高分子(B-2)。
相对于供于热处理的成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的总计100重量份,供于热处理的高分子(B-1)的量为0.1~40重量份,供于热处理的高分子(B-2)的量为0.1~40重量份。通过使高分子(B-1)的量和高分子(B-2)的量各自在上述的范围,可以得到优异的形状保持性和充分的蓄热材料的性能。供于热处理的高分子(B-1)的量优选为0.5~20重量份,更优选为1~10重量份。另外,供于热处理的高分子(B-2)的量优选为0.5~20重量份,更优选为1~10重量份。
另外,从使高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)形成充分的交联结构而使形状保持性和耐渗出性良好的角度考虑,供于热处理的高分子(B-1)与高分子(B-2)的重量比(B-1/B-2)优选为10/1~1/10。
除了成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2),而且根据需要还可以添加热塑性树脂(成分(C))。通过成分(C)的添加,可提高蓄热材料组合物的加工性。成分(C)的添加可在成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的热处理前或者热处理时进行,也可在热处理后进行。
作为这样的热塑性树脂,可以列举利用链型聚合得到的以下高分子(1)~(7)、利用逐步聚合得到的以下高分子(8)~(11)、和以下高分子(12)等。
(1)乙酸乙烯酯的均聚物、或α-烯烃(乙烯、丙烯等)-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
(2)丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯等的丙烯酸酯的均聚物、或α-烯烃-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
(3)甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯等的甲基丙烯酸酯的均聚物、或α-烯烃-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物。
(4)丙烯腈的均聚物、或α-烯烃与丙烯腈共聚物。
(5)氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯的均聚物、α-烯烃-氯乙烯共聚物、或者α-烯烃-偏二氯乙烯共聚物。
(6)苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的均聚物、α-烯烃-苯乙烯共聚物、或者α-烯烃-α-苯乙烯共聚物。
(7)耐冲击性聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、氯化聚乙烯-丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物。
(8)聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二酯、聚乳酸等的聚酯类。
(9)聚碳酸酯类。
(10)尼龙6、尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙66、尼龙610、尼龙6T、尼龙6I等的聚酰胺类。
(11)聚酰胺酰亚胺类、聚醚酰亚胺类、聚酰亚胺类、聚氨酯类、
(12)乙酰基纤维素等的纤维素衍生物。
热塑性树脂(成分(C))的添加量相对于热处理前的多元醇(成分(A))、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的总计100重量份,为0.1~100重量份。从提高蓄热材料组合物的加工性的角度、提高蓄热材料的性能的角度考虑,成分(C)的添加量优选为1~40重量份、更优选为2~20重量份。
成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的热处理,例如通过将含有成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的混合物、在高于室温的规定温度的烘箱内进行加热、保持规定的时间,或者用熔融混炼机加热混炼来进行。认为利用该热处理,高分子(B-1)与高分子(B-2)的反应进行。
本发明的蓄热材料组合物可通过通常的用于热塑性塑料的成型的装置、成型为各种的成型品。作为上述的装置,可以列举注塑成型装置、挤出成型装置、压延成型装置、吹塑成型装置等。
本发明的蓄热材料组合物的优选的制造方法是预先将成分(A)、高分子(B-1)、高分子(B-2)和根据需要添加的成分(C)混合,利用热处理使高分子(B-1)与高分子(B-2)反应、而得到蓄热材料组合物的方法。
具体地,首先将成分(A)、高分子(B-1)、高分子(B-2)和根据需要添加的成分(C)均匀地混合,使成分(A)、高分子(B-1)、高分子(B-2)和根据需要混合的成分(C)为相容状态。接着,利用热处理使高分子(B-1)与高分子(B-2)反应。通过使高分子(B-1)与高分子(B-2)反应,形成由高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)构成的致密、错综复杂的三维交联结构,形成在该三维交联结构中担载成分(A)和根据需要混合的成分(C)的状态,得到蓄热材料组合物。
利用热处理使高分子(B-1)与高分子(B-2)反应时的反应温度优选是成分(A)的熔点附近。具体的反应温度从使反应充分进行的角度考虑,通常为100℃~200℃左右。通过在成分(A)的熔点以上的温度下进行反应,成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)易于形成为相容状态,可形成优异的蓄热材料组合物。另外,反应时间通常为0.2小时~1小时左右。
出于使蓄热材料的热効率性提高的目的,在本发明的蓄热材料组合物中,可将铜、铁、锌、铍、镁、钴、镍、钛、锆、钼、钨、硼、铝、镓、硅、锗、锡等的金属和这些金属的合金、或者含有这些金属元素的金属化合物(例如金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属碳化物、金属磷化物等)、鳞片石墨、块状石墨、土状石墨、纤维状石墨等石墨类、等的高导热性填料的1种或2种以上混合、添加。
将供于热处理的成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的总计设为100重量份时,上述金属、合金、金属化合物或石墨的添加量通常为0.1~100重量份。
本发明的蓄热材料组合物进而也可含有无机填料(例如滑石、碳酸钙和煅烧高岭土)、有机填料(例如有机纤维、木粉和纤维素粉末)、抗氧化剂(例如酚系抗氧化剂、硫系抗氧化剂、磷系抗氧化剂、内酯系抗氧化剂和维生素系抗氧化剂)、耐气候稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂(例如苯并三唑系紫外线吸收剂、甲苯二胺(トリジアミン)系紫外线吸收剂、苯胺系紫外线吸收剂和二苯甲酮系紫外线吸收剂)、热稳定剂、光稳定剂(例如受阻胺系光稳定剂和苯甲酸酯系光稳定剂)、抗静电剂、成核剂、颜料、水滑石、铝酸盐、滑剂(例如脂肪酸、高级醇、脂肪族酰胺和脂肪族酯)以及硅酮化合物等的添加剂。
上述的添加剂可预先配混到成分(A)、高分子(B-1)、高分子(B-2)和根据需要混合的成分(C)的至少一种成分中。另外,也可以在将成分(A)、高分子(B-1)、高分子(B-2)和根据需要混合的成分(C)加热混合后配混,或者也可以在加热混合时配混。
将成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的总计设为100重量份时,上述添加剂的量通常为0.01~10重量份。
本发明的蓄热材料组合物成型时的流动性优异,蓄热材料的渗出性低。因此,可以期待用于住宅、宾馆、机场、地下街道等的空调设备、汽车的暖气系统、电子部件、曲面镜、桥的混凝土材料等、各种的领域。
对于汽车的暖气系统的情况,例如在为了有效地进行搭载于汽车中的内燃机的暖机、而使用了在过冷却状态下可蓄热的潜热蓄热材料的蓄热装置中,可以适用本发明的蓄热材料组合物。
对于电子部件的情况,例如在将搭载于电子仪器等中的电子部件的发热体围住的制品机壳等上贴附,可以使用本发明的蓄热材料组合物。作为安装地方的例子,可以列举个人电脑、平板电脑、PDA、便携式电话、数码相机等的电子仪器、或打字印刷装置、复印机、投影机等的信息仪器、热水壶或微波炉、热水器等的烹调家电等的需要隔热(遮熱)的部位。
[实施例]
以下通过实施例和比较例,更为详细地说明本发明。
[I]物性评价方法
(1)形状保持性
将利用压缩成型得到的试验片在吉尔老化恒温箱中于100℃静置24小时后,在试验片上没有裂纹、收缩等的形状变化时评价为○,在试验片上有裂纹、收缩等的形状变化时评价为×。
(2)耐渗出性
将利用压缩成型得到的试验片在吉尔老化恒温箱中于100℃静置24小时后,蓄热材料成分没有从试验片表面渗出时评价为○、从试验片表面渗出时评价为×。
[II]原料
多元醇(A)
A-1:三羟甲基乙烷[和光纯药工业株式会社制](分子量=120)
A-2:内消旋-赤藓醇[东京化成工业株式会社制](分子量=122)
A-3:三羟甲基氨基甲烷[东京化成工业株式会社制](分子量=121)
高分子(B-1)
B-1-1:聚丙烯酸[和光纯药工业株式会社制、重均分子量:约1000000]
高分子(B-2)
B-2-1:聚乙烯醇[和光纯药工业株式会社制、平均聚合度:1500~1800、皂化度:78~82mol%]
热塑性树脂(C)
C-1:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物 KA-40[住友化学株式会社制]
C-2:尼龙6 UBE尼龙 5033B[宇部兴产株式会社制]
实施例1
将A-1(90重量份)、B-1-1(2重量份)、B-2-1(8重量份)在200℃均匀地混合5分钟,得到蓄热材料组合物。进而,通过将该蓄热材料组合物在210℃压缩成型,制成厚度1mm的试验片,进行物性测定。结果示于表1。
实施例2
除了添加C-1(10重量份)以外,其它与实施例1同样地制造蓄热材料组合物。结果示于表1。
实施例3
除了添加C-2(10重量份)以外,其它与实施例1同样地制造蓄热材料组合物。结果示于表1。
实施例4
除了将A-1替换为A-2,使混合时的温度为140℃以外,其它与实施例1同样地制造蓄热材料组合物。进而通过将该蓄热材料组合物在140℃压缩成型,制成厚度1mm的试验片,进行物性测定。结果示于表1。
实施例5
除了将A-1替换为A-3,使混合时的温度为175℃以外,其它与实施例1同样地制造蓄热材料组合物。进而通过将该蓄热材料组合物在175℃压缩成型,制成厚度1mm的试验片,进行物性测定。结果示于表1。
比较例1
通过将A-1(100重量份)在210℃进行压缩成型,制成厚度1mm的试验片,进行物性测定。结果示于表1。
比较例2
通过将A-2(100重量份)在140℃进行压缩成型,制成厚度1mm的试验片,进行物性测定。结果示于表1。
[表1]
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明,可以提供形状保持性和耐渗出性优异的蓄热材料组合物。
Claims (4)
1.成型体,其是通过注塑成型装置、挤出成型装置、压延成型装置或吹塑成型装置将蓄热材料组合物成型的成型体,所述蓄热材料组合物是将下述成分(A)、下述高分子(B-1)和下述高分子(B-2)进行热处理而得的组合物,
成分(A)是不具有源于乙烯基单体的构成单元的多元醇,
相对于供于热处理的成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的总计100重量份,供于热处理的高分子(B-1)的量为0.1~10重量份,供于热处理的高分子(B-2)的量为0.1~10重量份,
高分子(B-1):以源于丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、以源于甲基丙烯酸或其盐的构成单元为主体的高分子、或者这些高分子的混合物,其中,在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基的高分子除外,
高分子(B-2):在1个高分子链上具有2个以上羟基、且以源于乙烯基单体的构成单元为主体的高分子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的成型体,其中,成分(A)是下式(1)所示的多元醇、下式(2)所示的多元醇、或这些多元醇的混合物,
式(1):(CH3)4-n C(CH2OH)n,式中,n为2~4,
式(2):H{(CH)OH}nH,式中,n为2~10。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的成型体,其中,高分子(B-1)为聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、或它们的混合物,(B-2)为聚乙烯醇。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的成型体,其中,含有相对于供于热处理的成分(A)、高分子(B-1)和高分子(B-2)的总计100重量份为0.1~100重量份的热塑性树脂(C)。
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- 2015-03-19 WO PCT/JP2015/059277 patent/WO2015141866A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-03-19 US US15/126,315 patent/US10174236B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-19 EP EP15764784.3A patent/EP3121244B1/en active Active
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US10174236B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
EP3121244A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
EP3121244B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
WO2015141866A1 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
CN106062125A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
JP6569664B2 (ja) | 2019-09-04 |
JPWO2015141866A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
EP3121244A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
US20170088761A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
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