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CN104859062B - 晶片的加工方法 - Google Patents

晶片的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN104859062B
CN104859062B CN201510086815.0A CN201510086815A CN104859062B CN 104859062 B CN104859062 B CN 104859062B CN 201510086815 A CN201510086815 A CN 201510086815A CN 104859062 B CN104859062 B CN 104859062B
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CN104859062A (zh
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淀良彰
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    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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    • H01L21/3105After-treatment
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Abstract

本发明提供一种晶片的加工方法,其能够将晶片分割成一个个器件,而不会对器件产生不良影响,在晶片上,在通过形成为格子状的多个分割预定线在层叠于基板的正面的功能层上划分出的多个区域内形成有器件。晶片的加工方法包括:切削槽形成工序,将切削刀具(12)从基板(B)的背面(Bb)侧定位在与分割预定线(S)相对应的区域处,使基板的、切削刀具(12)没有到达功能层的一部分残留来形成切削槽(CR);和功能层切断工序,沿着在构成晶片(W)的功能层上形成的分割预定线(S)照射激光光线,对功能层进行烧蚀加工以将其切断。在切削槽形成工序中,在晶片(W)的外周区域残留未切削部(UC)来沿着分割预定线(S)形成切削槽(CR)。

Description

晶片的加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种沿着分割预定线分割晶片的晶片的加工方法,在所述晶片上,在通过形成为格子状的多个分割预定线在层叠于基板的正面的功能层上划分出的多个区域内形成有器件。
背景技术
近来,为了提高IC、LSI等的半导体芯片的处理能力,正在使以下形态的半导体晶片实用化:利用在硅等的基板的正面上层叠低介电常数绝缘体覆膜(Low-k膜)而成的功能层形成有半导体器件,所述低介电常数绝缘体覆膜(Low-k膜)由SiOF、BSG(SiOB)等无机物系的膜、或者聚酰亚胺系、聚对二甲苯系等的作为聚合物膜的有机物系的膜构成的。上述的Low-k膜难以通过切削刀具切削。即,由于Low-k膜如云母那样非常脆,因而存在这样的问题:当利用切削刀具沿着分割预定线进行切削时,Low-k膜剥离,该剥离到达电路而对器件造成致命的损伤。
为了解决上述问题,在下述专利文献1中公开了这样的晶片的分割方法:沿着形成在半导体晶片上的分割预定线照射激光光线,沿着分割预定线形成激光加工槽而将功能层切断,通过将切削刀具定位在该激光加工槽并使切削刀具和半导体晶片相对移动,由此,沿着分割预定线切断半导体晶片。
专利文献1:日本特开2005-64231号公报
然而,在如上述专利文献1记载的那样通过沿着形成在半导体晶片上的分割预定线照射激光光线来沿着分割预定线形成激光加工槽而将功能层切断,然后将切削刀具定位在该激光加工槽并沿着分割预定线切断半导体晶片的晶片的分割方法中,存在这样的问题。
(1)即使激光加工槽的宽度足够,切削刀具也会与附着在激光加工槽的侧面上的熔融物接触,突发性地在器件的外周产生缺口。
(2)如果在形成激光加工槽时功能层的去除不够充分,则会发生切削刀具的偏离和倾倒,从而在器件的功能层上产生剥离。
(3)为了要在超过切削刀具的宽度的范围内形成激光加工槽,需要扩大分割预定线的宽度,从而导致在晶片上形成的器件的数量减少。
(4)由于在功能层的表面形成有包括SiO2、SiN等的钝化膜,因此,当照射激光光线时,激光光线透过钝化膜而到达功能层的内部。其结果是,到达功能层的内部的激光光线的能量失去逸散空间,在形成有电路且密度较低的器件侧发生使加工扩展的所谓的下挖(under cut)现象。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其主要的技术课题在于提供一种能够消除上述问题并将晶片分割成一个个器件的晶片的加工方法,在所述晶片上,在通过形成为格子状的多个分割预定线在层叠于基板的正面的功能层上划分出的多个区域内形成有器件。
为了解决上述课题,实现目的,本发明的晶片的加工方法是沿着分割预定线分割晶片的加工方法,在所述晶片上,在通过形成为格子状的多个分割预定线在层叠于基板的正面的功能层上划分出的多个区域内形成有器件,所述晶片的加工方法的特征在于,包括:保护部件粘贴工序,将保护部件粘贴在晶片的功能层的表面上;切削槽形成工序,将实施了该保护部件粘贴工序的晶片的该保护部件侧保持在卡盘工作台上,将切削刀具从基板的背面侧定位在与分割预定线相对应的区域处,使没有到达功能层的一部分留下并形成切削槽;晶片支承工序,在实施了该切削槽形成工序的晶片的基板的背面上粘贴切割带,通过环状的框架支承切割带的外周部,并将该保护部件剥离;和功能层切断工序,沿着在实施了该晶片支承工序的晶片的功能层上形成的分割预定线照射激光光线,对功能层进行烧蚀加工以将该功能层切断,在该切削槽形成工序中,在晶片的外周区域残留未切削部,来沿着所述分割预定线形成该切削槽。
在本发明的晶片的加工方法中,包括:切削槽形成工序,将晶片的粘贴在功能层的表面上的保护部件侧保持在卡盘工作台上,将切削刀具从基板的背面侧定位在与分割预定线相对应的区域处,使基板的、切削刀具没有到达功能层的一部分残留并形成切削槽;晶片支承工序,在构成实施了该切削槽形成工序的晶片的基板的背面粘贴切割带,通过环状的框架支承切割带的外周部,并将该保护部件剥离;和功能层切断工序,沿着在实施了该晶片支承工序的晶片的功能层上形成的分割预定线照射激光光线,对功能层进行烧蚀加工以将其切断,因此,能够获得以下的作用效果。
(1)即使在通过功能层切断工序的烧蚀加工而形成于功能层的激光加工槽的侧面上附着有熔融物,由于不使用切削刀具切削激光加工槽,因此,能够消除因切削刀具的接触而突发性地在器件的外周产生缺口这样的问题。
(2)即使在通过功能层切断工序的烧蚀加工实现的对功能层的去除不够充分,只要激光加工槽到达从基板的背面侧形成的切削槽,就能够将晶片分割成一个个器件,并且由于不使用切削刀具切削激光加工槽,因此,能够消除在功能层发生剥离这样的问题。
(3)由于无需形成宽度超过切削刀具的宽度的激光加工槽,因此,能够缩小分割预定线的宽度,从而能够增加可在晶片上形成的器件的数量。
(4)即使在功能层的表面形成有包含SiO2、SiN等的钝化膜,当在功能层切断工序中沿着分割预定线对功能层照射激光光线时,由于能量可以向从基板的背面侧形成的切削槽逸散,因此,能够消除所谓的下挖的问题。
附图说明
图1的(a)是示出保护部件粘贴工序前的晶片和保护部的立体图,图1的(b)是保护部件粘贴工序后的立体图。
图2是示出切削槽形成工序的概要的立体图。
图3的(a)是示出切削槽形成工序的使切削刀具切入晶片中的状态的剖视图,图3的(b)是示出切削槽形成工序的形成有切削槽的状态的剖视图。
图4的(a)是示出切削槽形成工序的使切削刀具切入晶片中的状态的另一个剖视图,图4的(b)是示出切削槽形成工序的形成有切削槽的状态的另一个剖视图。
图5的(a)是示出晶片支承工序前的状态的晶片等的立体图,图5的(b)是示出晶片支承工序的在晶片上粘贴有切割带的状态的剖视图,图5的(c)是示出晶片支承工序的将保护部件从晶片剥离后的状态的立体图。
图6是示出功能层切断工序的概要的立体图。
图7是实施了实施方式的晶片的加工方法后的晶片的重要部位的剖视图。
标号说明
11:卡盘工作台;
12:切削刀具;
B:基板;
Ba:正面;
Bb:背面;
CR:切削槽;
D:器件;
G:保护部件;
FL:功能层;
F:环状的框架;
L:激光光线;
S:分割预定线;
T:切割带;
W:晶片;
UC:未切削部。
具体实施方式
对于用于实施本发明的方式(实施方式),参照附图详细地进行说明。本发明并不受以下实施方式所述的内容限定。另外,以下所述的构成部件中包括本领域人员能够容易地想到的构成部件和实质上相同的构成部件。此外,能够将以下所述的结构适当组合。另外,能够在不脱离本发明的要点的范围内进行结构的各种省略、替换或变更。
(实施方式)
基于图1至图7对实施方式的晶片的加工方法进行说明。图1是示出实施方式的晶片的加工方法的保护部件粘贴工序的概要的立体图,图2是示出实施方式的晶片的加工方法的切削槽形成工序的概要的立体图,图3是示出实施方式的晶片的加工方法的切削槽形成工序的概要的剖视图,图4是示出实施方式的晶片的加工方法的切削槽形成工序的概要的另一个剖视图,图5是示出实施方式的晶片的加工方法的晶片支承工序的概要的图,图6是示出实施方式的晶片的加工方法的功能层切断工序的概要的立体图,图7是实施了实施方式的晶片的加工方法后的晶片的重要部位的剖视图。
实施方式的晶片的加工方法(以下,仅称作加工方法)是对图1所示的晶片W进行加工的加工方法,并且是下述这样的方法:从在正面Ba上层叠有功能层FL的晶片W的基板B的背面Bb侧形成切削槽CR(如图4等所示),然后对功能层FL照射激光光线L(如图6所示)将晶片W分割成一个个器件D。并且,如图1所示,通过本实施方式的加工方法被分割成一个个器件D的作为加工对象的晶片W具备:基板B,其由厚度为140μm的以硅、蓝宝石、镓等作为基本材料的圆板状的半导体晶片或光器件晶片构成;和功能层FL,其是在基板B的正面Ba上层叠有绝缘膜和形成电路的功能膜而成的。晶片W是下述这样的结构:在通过形成为格子状的多个分割预定线S在层叠于基板B的正面Ba的功能层FL上划分出的多个区域内形成有IC、LSI等器件D。
在本实施方式中,形成功能层FL的绝缘膜由低介电常数绝缘体覆膜(Low-k膜)构成,且厚度被设定为10μm,所述低介电常数绝缘体覆膜(Low-k膜)由SiO2膜或SiOF、BSG(SiOB)等无机物系的膜、或者聚酰亚胺系、聚对二甲苯系等的作为聚合物膜的有机物系的膜构成。如图4所示,分割预定线S上的功能层FL的表面形成得比器件D上的功能层FL的表面稍低。
实施方式的加工方法是沿着分割预定线S对晶片W进行分割的加工方法,其包括保护部件粘贴工序、切削槽形成工序、晶片支承工序和功能层切断工序。
关于实施方式的加工方法,首先,在保护部件粘贴工序中,如图1的(a)所示,使保护部件G与构成晶片W的功能层FL对置,然后,如图1的(b)所示,为了保护器件D而将保护部件G粘贴在功能层FL的表面上。并且,关于保护部件G,可以使用聚乙烯膜等树脂片或玻璃基板等具有刚性的硬板。然后,进入切削槽形成工序。
在切削槽形成工序中,将实施了保护部件粘贴工序后的晶片W的保护部件G侧载置于切削装置10(如图2所示)的卡盘工作台11的保持面11a上。然后,利用经由未图示的真空抽吸路径与卡盘工作台11连接的真空抽吸源来抽吸保持面11a,隔着保护部件G将晶片W抽吸保持在卡盘工作台11的保持面11a上。然后,基于切削装置10的具有红外线CCD等的未图示的摄像构件所取得的图像,执行用于进行与基板B的背面Bb的分割预定线S相对应的区域和切削刀具12(如图2所示)的位置对准的图案匹配等图像处理,从而进行校准。
然后,将切削刀具12从基板b的背面Bb侧定位在与分割预定线S相对应的区域,将基板B的切削刀具12没有到达功能层FL的一部分留下,依次形成切削槽CR(如图3和图4等所示)。在与分割预定线S相对应的区域形成切削槽CR时,在使切削刀具12面对与分割预定线S对应的区域的比一端稍靠中央的位置后,如图3的(a)所示这样使切削刀具12以不到达功能层FL的方式切入晶片W,以便从功能层FL的正面Ba产生例如厚度为30μm左右的切削残留UP(如图4的(a)和图4的(b)所示)。
然后,使卡盘工作台11移动,使切削刀具12朝向分割预定线S的另一端移动。然后,在切削刀具12如图3的(b)所示这样位于与分割预定线S对应的区域的比另一端稍靠中央的位置后,如在图3的(b)中以虚线所示那样使切削刀具12上升。这样,在切削槽形成工序中,在晶片W的外周区域残留有未切削部UC(如图2和图3的(b)所示),并沿着分割预定线S形成切削槽CR。即,在切削槽形成工序中,在晶片W的外周区域上,遍及晶片W的整周地形成没有实施切削刀具12的切削加工的未切削部UC。当在与所有的分割预定线S相对应的区域上形成切削槽CR后,进入晶片支承工序。
在晶片支承工序中,如图5的(a)所示,将切割带T的外周部安装在具备收纳晶片W的大小的开口部的环状框架F的背面,覆盖所述开口,使切割带T的设有粘合层的表面与保持在卡盘工作台12上的晶片W的基板B的背面Bb对置。然后,如图5的(b)所示,使切割带T和晶片W相对靠近,将切割带T粘贴在构成实施了切削槽形成工序的晶片W的基板B的背面Bb,利用环状框架F支承切割带T的外周部。然后,如图5的(c)所示,将粘贴在构成晶片W的功能层FL的正面上的保护部件G剥离。然后,进入功能层切断工序。这样,在晶片W的外周区域残留有未切削部UC,能够提高晶片W的形成有切削槽CR的区域的刚性,因此,能够抑制因晶片支承工序中的晶片W的挠曲或搬送时的冲击而从切削槽CR开始发展的意外的破裂。
在功能层切断工序中,将晶片W隔着切割带T载置于激光加工装置20的卡盘工作台21(如图6所示)的多孔状的保持面21a上,所述激光加工装置20对实施了晶片支承工序的晶片W照射激光光线L。如图6所示,利用经由未图示的真空抽吸路径与卡盘工作台21连接的真空抽吸源来抽吸保持面21a,然后隔着切割带T将晶片W的基板B的背面Bb侧抽吸保持在卡盘工作台21的保持面21a上。
然后,基于激光加工装置20的未图示的摄像构件所取得的图像进行校准。然后,如图6所示,一边借助移动构件使卡盘工作台21与激光加工装置20的激光光线照射构件22相对移动,一边沿着在构成由卡盘工作台21保持的晶片W的功能层FL上形成的分割预定线S,向分割预定线S依次照射对于晶片W具有吸收性的波长(例如为355nm)激光光线L。然后,如图7所示,在于切削槽形成工序中残留的功能层FL和基板B的切削残留UP上形成到达切削槽CR的激光加工槽LR。其结果是,对在切削槽形成工序中残留的功能层FL和基板B的切削残留UP进行烧蚀加工而将其切断。
如图7所示,在功能层切断工序中,由于在功能层FL和基板B的一部分的切削残留UP上形成的激光加工槽LR的宽度比切削槽CR的宽度窄,因此,能够减小分割预定线S的宽度,从而能够增加可在晶片W上形成的器件D的数量。在所有的分割预定线S上形成了激光加工槽LR后,使粘贴着晶片W的切割带T扩展,沿着分割预定线S将晶片W分割成一个个器件D,将分割出的一个个器件D从切割带T取下,并搬送至未图示的托盘或作为接下来的工序的芯片焊接工序。
根据实施方式的加工方法,在切削槽形成工序后实施对功能层FL进行烧蚀加工的功能层切断工序。因此,即使在通过功能层切断工序的烧蚀加工而形成于功能层FL的激光加工槽LR的侧面上附着有熔融物,由于不使用切削刀具12切削激光加工槽LR,因此能够消除由于切削刀具12的接触而突发性地在器件D的外周产生缺口这样的问题。
另外,在切削槽形成工序中,由于从晶片W的基板B的背面Bb侧形成切削槽CR,在功能层切断工序中对层叠在基板B的正面Ba的功能层FL进行烧蚀加工,因此,即使在通过功能层切断工序的烧蚀加工实现的对功能层FL的切断不够充分,只要激光加工槽LR到达从基板B的背面Bb侧形成的切削槽CR,就能够将晶片W分割成一个个器件D。因此,由于不使用切削刀具12切削激光加工槽LR,因此,能够消除在功能层FL发生剥离这样的问题。
此外,在切削槽形成工序中,从晶片W的基板B的背面Bb侧形成切削槽CR,在功能层切断工序中对层叠在基板B的正面Ba上的功能层FL进行烧蚀加工,因此,无需形成宽度超过切削刀具12的宽度的激光加工槽LR。因此,能够缩小分割预定线S的宽度,从而能够增加可在晶片W上形成的器件D的数量。
在切削槽形成工序中,从晶片W的基板B的背面Bb侧形成切削槽CR,在功能层切断工序中对层叠在基板B的正面Ba上的功能层FL进行烧蚀加工。因此,即使在功能层FL的表面上形成有包含SiO2、SiN等的钝化膜,当在功能层切断工序中沿着分割预定线S对功能层FL照射激光光线L时,由于能量可以向从基板B的背面Bb侧形成的切削槽CR逸散,因此,能够消除所谓的下挖的问题。
此外,在切削槽形成工序中,在晶片W的外周区域残留未切削部UC来形成切削槽CR,因此,能够提高晶片W的形成有切削槽CR的区域的刚性。因此,在晶片支承工序中,能够在将切割带T粘贴于晶片W的基板B的背面Bb并将切割带T剥离的操作过程中抑制晶片W的弯曲和因搬送时的冲击而导致的从切削槽CR开始发展的意外破裂。
并且,本发明并不限定于上述实施方式。即,能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内进行各种变形来实施。

Claims (1)

1.一种晶片的加工方法,所述晶片的加工方法是沿着分割预定线分割晶片的加工方法,在所述晶片上,在通过形成为格子状的多个分割预定线在层叠于基板的正面的功能层上划分出的多个区域内形成有器件,其中,
所述晶片的加工方法包括:
保护部件粘贴工序,将保护部件粘贴在晶片的功能层的表面上;
切削槽形成工序,将实施了该保护部件粘贴工序的晶片的该保护部件侧保持在卡盘工作台上,将切削刀具从基板的背面侧定位在与分割预定线相对应的区域处,使没有到达功能层的一部分留下并形成切削槽;
晶片支承工序,在实施了该切削槽形成工序的晶片的基板的背面上粘贴切割带,通过环状的框架支承切割带的外周部,并将该保护部件剥离;和
功能层切断工序,沿着在实施了该晶片支承工序的晶片的功能层上形成的分割预定线照射激光光线,对功能层进行烧蚀加工,切断所述功能层和所述基板的残留部分,由此形成到达所述切削槽的激光加工槽,
在该切削槽形成工序中,在晶片的外周区域残留未切削部,来沿着所述分割预定线形成该切削槽。
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