WO2022154603A1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022154603A1 WO2022154603A1 PCT/KR2022/000780 KR2022000780W WO2022154603A1 WO 2022154603 A1 WO2022154603 A1 WO 2022154603A1 KR 2022000780 W KR2022000780 W KR 2022000780W WO 2022154603 A1 WO2022154603 A1 WO 2022154603A1
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- particles
- lithium
- average particle
- active material
- particle diameter
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 278
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 lithium iron phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017223 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(CCC)CN1C=NC=N1 WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018661 Ni(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].OOO Chemical compound [Mn].OOO RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hydride Chemical compound [LiH] SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011564 manganese citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014872 manganese citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097206 manganese citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=O.CC(C)=O YGSFNCRAZOCNDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
- C01P2004/53—Particles with a specific particle size distribution bimodal size distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprising primary large particles and a method for manufacturing the same.
- lithium secondary battery has been in the spotlight as a driving power source for a portable device because it is lightweight and has a high energy density. Accordingly, research and development efforts for improving the performance of lithium secondary batteries are being actively conducted.
- an organic electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte is charged between a positive electrode and a negative electrode made of an active material capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, and lithium ions are intercalated/deintercalated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Electric energy is produced by a reduction reaction with
- lithium cobalt oxide As a positive active material of the lithium secondary battery, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), nickel-based lithium transition metal oxide, lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO 4 ), etc. were used. Among them, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) has the advantage of high operating voltage and excellent capacity characteristics, and is widely used, and is applied as a high voltage positive electrode active material. However, there is a limit to mass use as a power source in fields such as electric vehicles due to the price increase and supply instability of cobalt (Co). Ni-rich) cathode active materials made of lithium composite transition metal oxide are attracting attention due to their high capacity expression.
- cathode active material for a lithium composite transition metal oxide containing nickel As a cathode active material for a lithium composite transition metal oxide containing nickel currently commercially available, secondary particles formed by aggregation of fine primary particles with an average particle diameter (D50) of several hundred nm are used, and secondary particles are used to increase output and rolling density.
- the secondary particles in which the fine primary particles are aggregated have a large specific surface area and low particle strength. Therefore, when an electrode is manufactured from a bimodal positive electrode active material and then rolled, there is a problem in that the secondary large particle breakage is particularly severe, resulting in a large amount of gas generated during cell driving and poor stability.
- high-content nickel-based (High-Ni) lithium transition metal oxide in which the content of nickel (Ni) is increased to secure high capacity, chemical stability is further reduced, and thermal stability is further reduced if particle breakage occurs due to structural problems. difficult.
- a problem to be solved according to an aspect of the present invention is a high-content nickel-based lithium transition metal oxide positive electrode that includes secondary particles having different average particle diameters, and can improve cracking and lifespan characteristics in the rolling process. to provide an active material.
- a problem to be solved according to another aspect of the present invention includes secondary particles having different average particle diameters, and a high content nickel-based lithium transition metal oxide positive electrode active material that can improve cracking in the rolling process and lifespan characteristics
- An object to be solved according to another aspect of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including a nickel-based lithium transition metal oxide positive electrode active material having a high content having the above-described characteristics.
- a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to the following embodiments.
- Secondary small particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 1 to 10 ⁇ m formed by agglomeration and
- the large primary particles and fine primary particles are Li a Ni 1-bcd Co b Mn c Q d O 2+ ⁇ (1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.2, -0.1 ⁇ 1.0, Q is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr) It relates to the active material.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary large particles is 5:1 to 2:1.
- a third embodiment according to the first or second embodiment,
- the content of the secondary small particles relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery in an amount of 10 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the secondary large particles.
- a fourth embodiment according to any one of the first to third embodiments,
- M of the lithium-M oxide coating layer relates to a positive active material for a lithium secondary battery of at least one selected from the group consisting of boron and cobalt.
- a fifth embodiment according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments,
- the content of M in the lithium-M oxide coating layer relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery in an amount of 0.05 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the secondary small particles.
- the cohesive force between the large primary particles of the secondary small particles relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, characterized in that smaller than the cohesive force between the fine primary particles of the secondary large particles.
- (S1) a transition metal-containing solution containing nickel, cobalt, manganese, and Q (Q is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr) in a predetermined molar ratio, an aqueous ammonia solution and a basic aqueous solution to form transition metal hydroxide precursor particles, separated and dried, and then pulverizing the transition metal hydroxide precursor particles to have a predetermined average particle diameter (D50):
- the pulverized transition metal hydroxide precursor particles are mixed with a lithium raw material and calcined in an oxygen atmosphere, and Li a Ni 1-bcd Co b Mn c Q d O 2+ ⁇ (1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.2, -0.1 ⁇ 1.0, Q is one selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr preparing small core particles in which large primary particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m are aggregated;
- the average particle size (D50) is 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m
- large primary particles having a lithium-M oxide coating layer (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, cobalt, manganese and magnesium) formed on a part or all of the surface are aggregated
- D50 average particle diameter
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary large particles is 5:1 to 2:1.
- a ninth embodiment according to any one of the seventh or eighth embodiments.
- the content of the secondary small particles is 10 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the secondary large particles relates to a method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- M of the lithium-M oxide coating layer relates to a method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery of at least one selected from the group consisting of boron and cobalt.
- the content of M in the lithium-M oxide coating layer is 0.05 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the secondary small particles.
- the twelfth embodiment provides a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery including the above-described positive active material.
- a thirteenth embodiment provides a lithium secondary battery including the above-described positive electrode.
- the positive active material according to an embodiment of the present invention has a good rolling density by simultaneously including the secondary large particles and the secondary small particles.
- secondary small particles having a predetermined average particle diameter which are aggregates of large primary particles having a coating layer formed on the surface, part of the primary particles are separated before the secondary large particles are broken during rolling, thereby improving the cracking phenomenon of secondary large particles. Accordingly, the lifespan characteristics of the lithium secondary battery having the positive electrode active material of the present invention are improved.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are a schematic diagram of a secondary large particle according to the present invention and an SEM image of the secondary large particle used in Example 1, respectively.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are a schematic diagram of a secondary small particle according to the present invention and an SEM image of the secondary small particle used in Example 1.
- 3A and 3B are a schematic diagram of a single particle and an SEM image of a single particle used in Comparative Example 2, respectively.
- the crystal size of the crystal grains may be quantitatively analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) by Cu K ⁇ X-rays (Xr ⁇ ).
- XRD X-ray diffraction analysis
- Xr ⁇ Cu K ⁇ X-rays
- the average crystal size of the crystal grains can be quantitatively analyzed by putting the prepared particles in a holder and analyzing the diffraction grating emitted by irradiating X-rays to the particles.
- D50 may be defined as a particle size based on 50% of a particle size distribution, and may be measured using a laser diffraction method.
- the particles of the positive active material are dispersed in a dispersion medium, and then introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (eg, Microtrac MT 3000) to about 28 kHz
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device eg, Microtrac MT 3000
- the term 'primary particles' refers to particles having no apparent grain boundaries when observed in a field of view of 5000 times to 20000 times using a scanning electron microscope.
- 'secondary particles' are particles formed by agglomeration of the primary particles.
- the term 'single particle' exists independently of the secondary particles, and is a particle having no grain boundary in appearance, for example, a particle having a particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- 'particle' when 'particle' is described, it may mean that any one or all of single particles, secondary particles, and primary particles are included.
- Secondary small particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 1 to 10 ⁇ m formed by agglomeration and
- the large primary particles and fine primary particles are Li a Ni 1-bcd Co b Mn c Q d O 2+ ⁇ (1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.2, -0.1 ⁇ 1.0, Q is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr) provide active material.
- the secondary large particles are secondary particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 5 to 20 ⁇ m formed by aggregation of fine primary particles having an average particle diameter (D50) smaller than that of the large primary particles constituting the secondary small particles to be described later.
- Fine primary particles are Li a Ni 1-bcd Co b Mn c Q d O 2+ ⁇ (1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b+ c+d ⁇ 0.2, -0.1 ⁇ 1.0, Q is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr).
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the fine primary particles is smaller than the average particle diameter (D50) of the large primary particles constituting the secondary small particles, usually at the level of several hundred nm, for example, an average particle diameter (D50) of 100 to 900 nm has
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary large particles is 5 to 20 ⁇ m, which is larger than the average particle diameter (D50) of the secondary small particles, which will be described later.
- the secondary large particles having such a size are generally used as large particles of the bimodal positive electrode active material, and are manufactured according to a conventional manufacturing method to be described later.
- these secondary large particles in which the fine primary particles are aggregated have a large specific surface area and low particle strength. Therefore, if the fine primary particles are formed by aggregation and are mixed with secondary small particles having an average particle diameter smaller than that of the secondary large particles, and then rolled after manufacturing the electrode, the secondary large particles are severely broken, resulting in a large amount of gas generated when the cell is driven , there is a problem of poor stability.
- the present inventors have solved this problem by mixing secondary small particles of the following form.
- the positive active material of the present invention has an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m along with the above-described large particles, and a lithium-M oxide coating layer (M is a group consisting of boron, cobalt, manganese and magnesium on a part or all of the surface) and secondary small particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 1 to 10 ⁇ m, formed by agglomeration of the large primary particles having one or more selected from).
- D50 average particle diameter
- D50 lithium-M oxide coating layer
- the positive active material has improved rolling density by simultaneously including the secondary large particles and the secondary small particles.
- Secondary small particles means aggregate particles formed by agglomeration of a plurality of macro primary particles on which a coating layer is formed.
- the secondary small particles have an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m, and a lithium-M oxide coating layer (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, cobalt, manganese, and magnesium) on a part or all of the surface.
- D50 average particle diameter
- M lithium-M oxide coating layer
- the formed large primary particles are agglomerated and formed, which will be described in detail as follows.
- the large primary particles constituting the secondary small particles according to one aspect of the present invention have a larger average diameter (D50) than the fine primary particles constituting the secondary large particles. That is, the secondary small particles are different from the general shape of the conventional positive electrode active material, that is, in which fine primary particles with small average particle diameters gather to form secondary particles, the large primary particles having an increased size of the primary particles are used. It is in the form of secondary particles aggregated within a predetermined number.
- the large primary particles Compared to the micro primary particles constituting the conventional secondary particles, the large primary particles have an average particle diameter and an average crystal size of the primary particles grown at the same time.
- the large primary particles have a large average crystal size as well as an average particle size, and are particles having no apparent grain boundaries.
- the average crystal size of the large primary particles may be quantitatively analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) by Cu K ⁇ X-rays.
- XRD X-ray diffraction analysis
- the average crystal size of the large primary particles can be quantitatively analyzed by putting the prepared particles in a holder and analyzing the diffraction grating that irradiates the particles with X-rays.
- the average crystal size of the large primary particles may be 200 nm or more, specifically 250 nm or more, and more specifically 300 nm or more.
- the coating layer may be formed on the surface of some or all of the plurality of large primary particles, a form in which the coating layer is connected to each other to fill all the gaps between the large primary particles is also included as one type of the coating layer.
- the coating layer is formed on the surfaces of all of the plurality of large primary particles, and is formed to fill all the gaps between the large primary particles.
- the cohesive force between the large primary particles on which the coating layer is formed is weaker than the force to break the secondary large particles. That is, the cohesive force between the large primary particles of the secondary small particles is smaller than the cohesive force between the fine primary particles of the secondary large particles.
- the large primary particles of the secondary small particles are separated before the secondary large particles are broken, thereby improving the cracking phenomenon of the secondary large particles.
- the separated small particles themselves have high strength and are not broken, and unlike the fine primary particles constituting the secondary large particles, the exposed surface is formed with a lithium-M oxide coating layer, so the deterioration of lifespan characteristics is also insignificant.
- M of the lithium-M oxide coating layer may be at least one selected from the group consisting of boron and cobalt.
- the content of M in the lithium-M oxide coating layer may be 0.05 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the secondary small particles, but is not limited thereto.
- the lithium-M oxide coating layer is formed by reacting the M-containing precursor for forming the coating layer with lithium impurities remaining on the surface of the large primary particles in an oxygen atmosphere, as will be described later.
- Such a coating layer can be formed on a stable spinel. Accordingly, even if the secondary small particles are not treated through a water washing process, the lithium impurity remaining on the surface is changed to lithium-M oxide, so that the lithium impurity content is reduced, thereby reducing the output.
- Positive active material comprising secondary large particles and secondary small particles
- the content of the secondary small particles may be 10 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the secondary large particles.
- the positive active material may further include a positive active material having a different average particle diameter within the limits that do not impair the object of the present invention, in addition to the secondary large particles and the secondary small particles having the above-described characteristics.
- the positive electrode active material according to an aspect of the present invention may be manufactured by the following method. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
- transition metal hydroxide precursor particles are formed, separated and dried, and then the transition metal hydroxide precursor particles are pulverized to have a predetermined average particle diameter (D50) (step S1).
- a cathode active material precursor including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) is prepared.
- the precursor for preparing the cathode active material may be prepared by purchasing a commercially available cathode active material precursor or according to a method for preparing a cathode active material precursor well known in the art.
- the precursor may be prepared by adding an ammonium cation-containing complexing agent and a basic compound to a transition metal solution including a nickel-containing raw material, a cobalt-containing raw material, and a manganese-containing raw material, followed by a co-precipitation reaction.
- the nickel-containing raw material may be, for example, nickel-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide or oxyhydroxide, specifically, Ni(OH) 2 , NiO, NiOOH, NiCO 3 ⁇ 2Ni(OH) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, NiC 2 O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, NiSO 4 , NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O, fatty acid nickel salt, nickel halide or these It may be a combination, but is not limited thereto.
- the cobalt-containing raw material may be cobalt-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide or oxyhydroxide, and specifically, Co(OH) 2 , CoOOH, Co(OCOCH 3 ) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O , Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, CoSO 4 , Co(SO 4 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the manganese-containing raw material may be, for example, manganese-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, oxyhydroxide, or a combination thereof, specifically Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 manganese oxides such as O 4 and the like; manganese salts such as MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , MnSO 4 , manganese acetate, dicarboxylic acid manganese salt, manganese citrate, fatty acid manganese salt; It may be manganese oxyhydroxide, manganese chloride, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the transition metal solution is prepared by mixing a nickel-containing raw material, a cobalt-containing raw material, and a manganese-containing raw material in a solvent, specifically water, or a mixed solvent of an organic solvent that can be uniformly mixed with water (eg, alcohol). It may be prepared by adding, or may be prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of a nickel-containing raw material, an aqueous solution of a cobalt-containing raw material, and a manganese-containing raw material.
- a solvent specifically water, or a mixed solvent of an organic solvent that can be uniformly mixed with water (eg, alcohol).
- the ammonium cation-containing complexing agent may be, for example, NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, CH 3 COONH 4 , NH 4 CO 3 or a combination thereof,
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the ammonium cation-containing complexing agent may be used in the form of an aqueous solution, and as the solvent, water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent that can be uniformly mixed with water (specifically, alcohol, etc.) and water may be used.
- the basic aqueous solution may be an aqueous solution of a hydroxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, such as NaOH, KOH, or Ca(OH) 2 , a hydrate thereof, or a combination thereof as a basic compound.
- a hydroxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as NaOH, KOH, or Ca(OH) 2
- a hydrate thereof such as NaOH, KOH, or Ca(OH) 2
- a hydrate thereof such as a basic compound.
- a combination thereof such as a basic compound.
- water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent that is uniformly miscible with water (specifically, alcohol, etc.) and water may be used.
- the basic aqueous solution is added to adjust the pH of the reaction solution, and may be added in an amount such that the pH of the metal solution is 9 to 12.
- the transition metal hydroxide precursor particles may be prepared through a co-precipitation reaction by mixing the above-described transition metal-containing solution containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, an aqueous ammonia solution, and a basic aqueous solution.
- the co-precipitation reaction may be performed at a temperature of 25° C. to 60° C. under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- the prepared transition metal hydroxide precursor particles are separated in a reactor, dried, and then pulverized to have a predetermined average particle diameter (D50) in order to form secondary small particles having a desired average particle diameter through a process to be described later.
- D50 predetermined average particle diameter
- the pulverized transition metal hydroxide precursor particles are mixed with a lithium raw material and calcined in an oxygen atmosphere, and Li a Ni 1-bcd Co b Mn c Q d O 2+ ⁇ (1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.2, -0.1 ⁇ 1.0, Q is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr is a metal element) and an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m to prepare small core particles in which the large primary particles are aggregated (step S2).
- lithium-containing sulfate, nitrate, acetate, carbonate, oxalate, citrate, halide, hydroxide, or oxyhydroxide may be used as the lithium raw material, and as long as it can be dissolved in water, especially not limited Specifically, the lithium raw material is Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , LiOH, LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, LiH, LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, CH 3 COOLi, Li 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 , CH 3 COOLi, or Li 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 and the like, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the oxygen atmosphere means an atmosphere containing oxygen at a sufficient level for firing including atmospheric atmosphere.
- a solution of a precursor containing at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, cobalt manganese, and magnesium and the small core particles are mixed, sprayed and dried using a spray dryer, and then calcined in an oxygen atmosphere, the average particle size (D50) is 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m, and large primary particles having a lithium-M oxide coating layer (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron, cobalt, manganese and magnesium) formed on a part or all of the surface are aggregated
- Secondary small particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 1 to 10 ⁇ m are prepared (step S3).
- the precursor containing boron may include boronic acid (boric acid, H 3 BO 3 ), and the precursor containing cobalt may include cobalt nitrate.
- a solution of these precursors may be prepared, for example, by dissolving the precursor in a solvent such as DI water or ethanol.
- step (S2) When the solution of the precursor is mixed with the small core particles prepared according to step (S2) and then sprayed and dried using a spray dryer, a plurality of agglomerated particles of the desired size with the core small particles coated with the precursor are produced.
- the lithium-M oxide coating layer is formed by reacting an M-containing precursor for forming the coating layer with lithium impurities remaining on the surface of the small core particles in an oxygen atmosphere.
- Such a coating layer can be formed on a stable spinel. Accordingly, even if the secondary small particles are not treated through a water washing process, the lithium impurity remaining on the surface is changed to lithium-M oxide, so that the lithium impurity content is reduced, thereby reducing the output.
- the firing for forming the coating layer may be performed at a temperature of 350 to 600° C. for 3 to 6 hours, but is not limited thereto.
- the secondary small particles of the above-described properties can be prepared.
- the secondary small particles thus prepared were Li a Ni 1-bcd Co b Mn c Q d O 2+ ⁇ (1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.2, -0.1 ⁇ 1.0, Q is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, V, Ti and Zr), and the average particle diameter (D50) is
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention can be prepared by mixing with secondary large particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 5 to 20 ⁇ m formed by aggregation of fine primary particles smaller than the large primary particles.
- the secondary large particles may be purchased and used commercially, or may be directly prepared and used using known co-invasion. More specifically, it can be prepared by generally obtaining secondary particles in which a plurality of high-content nickel-based composite transition metal hydroxide particles are aggregated as a precursor using a co-precipitation method known in the art, mixing with a lithium source, and then sintering. .
- the method of controlling the precursor composition using the co-precipitation method, the type of the lithium source, and the like may follow common technical knowledge widely known in the art.
- a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode is formed on the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector, and includes a positive electrode active material layer including the positive electrode active material of the present invention described above.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , nickel, titanium, silver or the like surface-treated may be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and may increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material by forming fine irregularities on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- it may be used in various forms, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven body.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include a positive electrode active material including large single particles or secondary particles in which conventional fine primary particles are aggregated together with the positive active material described above, and may include a conductive material and a binder.
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and in the configured battery, it can be used without any particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or a conductive polymer such as a polyphenylene derivative, and the like, and any one of them or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between the positive electrode active material particles and the adhesive force between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and any one of them or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive active material layer.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method except for using the above positive electrode active material. Specifically, it may be prepared by applying the above-described positive active material and, optionally, a composition for forming a positive active material layer including a binder and a conductive material on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling. In this case, the types and contents of the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive material are as described above.
- the solvent may be a solvent generally used in the art, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol (isopropyl alcohol), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone (acetone) or water and the like, and any one of them or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the amount of the solvent used is enough to dissolve or disperse the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder in consideration of the application thickness of the slurry and the production yield, and to have a viscosity capable of exhibiting excellent thickness uniformity when applied for the production of the positive electrode thereafter. do.
- the positive electrode may be prepared by casting the composition for forming the positive electrode active material layer on a separate support, and then laminating a film obtained by peeling it off the support on the positive electrode current collector.
- an electrochemical device including the positive electrode is provided.
- the electrochemical device may specifically be a battery or a capacitor, and more specifically, a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery specifically includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode positioned to face the positive electrode, a separator and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is as described above.
- the lithium secondary battery may optionally further include a battery container for accommodating the electrode assembly of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, and a sealing member for sealing the battery container.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer positioned on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface. Carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. surface-treated, aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may have a thickness of typically 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and similarly to the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam body, a nonwoven body, and the like.
- the anode active material layer optionally includes a binder and a conductive material together with the anode active material.
- the anode active material layer may be formed by applying a composition for forming an anode including an anode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material on an anode current collector and drying, or casting the composition for forming the anode on a separate support, and then , may be produced by laminating a film obtained by peeling from this support onto a negative electrode current collector.
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon; metal compounds capable of alloying with lithium, such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy; metal oxides capable of doping and dedoping lithium, such as SiO ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2), SnO 2 , vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide; Alternatively, a composite including the metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or a Sn-C composite may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- a metal lithium thin film may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
- low crystalline carbon soft carbon and hard carbon are representative, and as high crystalline carbon, natural or artificial graphite of amorphous, plate-like, scale-like, spherical or fibrous shape, and Kish graphite (Kish) graphite), pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, liquid crystal pitches (Mesophase pitches), and petroleum and coal tar pitch (petroleum or coal tar pitch) High-temperature calcined carbon such as derived cokes) is a representative example.
- binder and the conductive material may be the same as described above for the positive electrode.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move, and it can be used without particular limitation as long as it is usually used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, especially for the movement of ions in the electrolyte It is preferable to have a low resistance to and excellent electrolyte moisture content.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin-based polymer such as an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene/butene copolymer, an ethylene/hexene copolymer, and an ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these
- a laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc. may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- examples of the electrolyte used in the present invention include organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the manufacture of lithium secondary batteries, and are limited to these. it's not going to be
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone
- ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran
- ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene
- alcohol solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol
- nitriles such as R-CN (R is a C2-C20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group
- a carbonate-based solvent is preferable, and a cyclic carbonate (for example, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) having high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant capable of increasing the charge/discharge performance of the battery, and a low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compound (for example, a mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate) is more preferable.
- the cyclic carbonate and the chain carbonate are mixed in a volume ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:9, the electrolyte may exhibit excellent performance.
- the lithium salt may be used without particular limitation as long as it is a compound capable of providing lithium ions used in a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 and the like may be used.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1 to 2.0M. When the concentration of the lithium salt is included in the above range, since the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, excellent electrolyte performance may be exhibited, and lithium ions may move effectively.
- the electrolyte includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, tri Ethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imida
- One or more additives such as taxdine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxyethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included. In this case, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode active material according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics and capacity retention rate, so portable devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, and hybrid electric vehicles ( It is useful in the field of electric vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicle, HEV).
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or battery pack is a power tool (Power Tool); electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); Alternatively, it may be used as a power source for any one or more medium and large-sized devices in a system for power storage.
- Power Tool Power Tool
- electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs);
- PHEVs plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- secondary particles having a plurality of aggregated nickel-based composite transition metal hydroxide particles are obtained as a precursor, mixed with a lithium source, and calcined to form LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1O2 .
- secondary large particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 15 ⁇ m formed by aggregation of fine primary particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of several hundred nm were prepared.
- a transition metal solution having a concentration of 3.2 mol/L mixed to 0.8:0.1:0.1 was continuously added to the reactor at 300 mL/hr, and a 28 wt% aqueous ammonia solution was added to the reactor at 42 mL/hr.
- the speed of the impeller was stirred at 400 rpm, and 40% by weight of sodium hydroxide solution was used to maintain the pH so that the pH was maintained at 9.
- the precursor particles were formed by co-precipitation reaction for 10 hours. The precursor particles were separated, washed, and dried in an oven at 130° C. to prepare a precursor.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor synthesized by the co-precipitation reaction was put in a mixer and pulverized to a size of about 1 ⁇ m.
- heat treatment LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the obtained secondary small particles were particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 4 ⁇ m, formed by aggregation of large primary particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 1 ⁇ m.
- a bimodal positive electrode active material was prepared by mixing the secondary large particles and secondary small particles obtained by the above method in a weight ratio of 7:3.
- a transition metal solution having a concentration of 3.2 mol/L mixed to 0.8:0.1:0.1 was continuously added to the reactor at 300 mL/hr, and a 28 wt% aqueous ammonia solution was added to the reactor at 42 mL/hr.
- the speed of the impeller was stirred at 400 rpm, and 40% by weight of sodium hydroxide solution was used to maintain the pH so that the pH was maintained at 9.
- the precursor particles were formed by co-precipitation reaction for 10 hours. The precursor particles were separated, washed, and dried in an oven at 130° C. to prepare a precursor.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor synthesized by the co-precipitation reaction was put in a mixer and pulverized to a size of about 1 ⁇ m.
- heat treatment LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the obtained secondary small particles were particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 4 ⁇ m, formed by aggregation of large primary particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 1 ⁇ m.
- a bimodal positive electrode active material was prepared by mixing the secondary large particles and secondary small particles obtained by the above method in a weight ratio of 7:3.
- a transition metal solution having a concentration of 3.2 mol/L mixed to 0.8:0.1:0.1 was continuously added to the reactor at 300 mL/hr, and a 28 wt% aqueous ammonia solution was added to the reactor at 42 mL/hr.
- the speed of the impeller was stirred at 400rpm, and a 40% by weight sodium hydroxide solution was used to maintain the pH so that the pH was maintained at 9.
- the precursor particles were formed by co-precipitation reaction for 10 hours. The precursor particles were separated, washed, and dried in an oven at 130° C. to prepare a precursor.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor synthesized by the co-precipitation reaction was put in a mixer and pulverized to a size of about 1 ⁇ m.
- heat treatment LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the obtained secondary small particles were particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 4 ⁇ m, formed by aggregation of large primary particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 1 ⁇ m.
- a bimodal positive electrode active material was prepared by mixing the secondary large particles and secondary small particles obtained by the above method in a weight ratio of 7:3.
- secondary small particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 4 ⁇ m in which the primary fine particles prepared according to the manufacturing method of the secondary large particles of Example 2 were aggregated were used.
- a conventional bimodal positive electrode active material (weight ratio of secondary large particles to secondary small particles 7:3) was prepared.
- a bimodal positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that single particles prepared by the following method were used instead of the secondary small particles of Example 1.
- the precursor particles were formed by co-precipitation reaction for 24 hours.
- the precursor particles were separated, washed, and dried in an oven at 130° C. to prepare a precursor.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are a schematic diagram of a secondary large particle according to the present invention and an SEM image of the secondary large particle used in Example 1, respectively.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b are, respectively, a schematic diagram of a secondary small particle according to the present invention and an SEM image of the secondary small particle used in Example 1.
- 3A and 3B are a schematic diagram of a single particle and an SEM image of a single particle used in Comparative Example 2, respectively.
- D50 can be defined as the particle size based on 50% of the particle size distribution, and was measured using a laser diffraction method.
- Rolling density was measured using HPRM-1000. Specifically, 5 g of the positive electrode active material of Examples and Comparative Examples was put into a cylindrical mold, respectively, and then the mold containing the positive electrode active material was pressed by 9 tons. Thereafter, the rolling density was obtained by measuring the height of the pressed mold with a vernier caliper.
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2
- a positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material according to Examples and Comparative Examples, and only the active material remaining after the rolled electrode was fired at 500 °C for 10 hours in a kiln was obtained, and PSD measurement was performed using Microtrac MT 3000 to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less. The area was measured.
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Area of 1 ⁇ m or less % 1.96 2.25 2.31 10.1 14.5
- a positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material according to Examples and Comparative Examples, and capacity retention was measured in the following manner.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by mixing artificial graphite and natural graphite in a ratio of 5:5 as an anode active material, superC as a conductive material and SBR/CMC as a binder in a weight ratio of 96:1:3, and this was applied to one side of a copper current collector. After coating, drying at 130° C. and rolling to a porosity of 30% to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was prepared by interposing a separator of porous polyethylene between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above, the electrode assembly was placed inside the case, and the electrolyte was injected into the case to prepare a lithium secondary battery.
- LiPF6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the prepared lithium secondary battery full cell was charged at 45°C in CC-CV mode at 0.5C until 4.2V, and discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 1C, and 100 times of charging/discharging experiments were performed. By measuring the capacity retention rate at the time, life characteristics were evaluated.
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Abstract
Description
단위 | 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | |
Pellet Density (@ 9ton) | g/cc | 3.45 | 3.47 | 3.38 | 3.15 | 3.20 |
단위 | 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | |
1 ㎛ 이하의 영역 | % | 1.96 | 2.25 | 2.31 | 10.1 | 14.5 |
단위 (%) |
실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | |
용량 유지율(100 CYCLE) | 94.9 | 94.9 | 93.5 | 92.8 | 87.5 | 79.2 |
Claims (13)
- 평균 입경(D50)이 0.5 내지 3 ㎛이며, 표면의 일부 또는 전부에 리튬-M 산화물 코팅층((M은 보론, 코발트, 망간 및 마그네슘으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상임)이 형성된 거대 1차 입자가 응집되어 형성된 평균 입경(D50)이 1 내지 10 ㎛인 2차 소입자; 및평균 입경(D50)이 상기 거대 1차 입자보다 작은 미세 1차 입자가 응집되어 형성된 평균 입경(D50)이 5 내지 20 ㎛인 2차 대입자를 포함하고,상기 거대 1차 입자 및 미세 1차 입자는 LiaNi1-b-c-dCobMncQdO2+δ (1.0≤a≤1.5, 0<b<0.2, 0<c<0.2, 0≤d≤0.1, 0<b+c+d≤0.2, -0.1≤δ≤1.0, Q은 Al, Mg, V, Ti 및 Zr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 금속 원소임)로 표시되는, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 2차 대입자의 평균입경(D50):상기 2차 소입자의 평균입경(D50)은 5:1 내지 2:1인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 2차 소입자의 함량은 상기 2차 대입자 100 중량부를 기준으로 10 내지 100 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬-M 산화물 코팅층의 M은 보론 및 코발트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬-M 산화물 코팅층의 M의 함량은 2차 소입자 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.05 내지 10 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 2차 소입자의 거대 1차 입자 사이의 응집력은 상기 2차 대입자의 미세 1차 입자 사이의 응집력보다 작은 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질.
- (S1) 니켈, 코발트, 망간 및 Q (Q은 Al, Mg, V, Ti 및 Zr로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 금속 원소임)을 소정 몰비로 포함하는 전이금속 함유 용액, 암모니아 수용액 및 염기성 수용액을 혼합하여 전이금속 수산화물 전구체 입자를 형성하고, 이를 분리하여 건조시킨 다음, 소정 평균 입경(D50)을 갖도록 상기 전이금속 수산화물 전구체 입자를 분쇄하는 단계:(S2) 상기 분쇄된 전이금속 수산화물 전구체 입자를 리튬 원료 물질과 혼합하고 산소 분위기에서 소성하여, LiaNi1-b-c-dCobMncQdO2+δ (1.0≤a≤1.5, 0<b<0.2, 0<c<0.2, 0≤d≤0.1, 0<b+c+d≤0.2, -0.1≤δ≤1.0, Q은 Al, Mg, V, Ti 및 Zr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 금속 원소임)로 표시되고 평균 입경(D50)이 0.5 내지 3 ㎛인 거대 1차 입자가 응집된 코어 소입자를 제조하는 단계;(S3) 보론, 코발트 망간 및 마그네슘으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는 전구체의 용액과 상기 코어 소입자를 혼합한 후 스프레이 드라이어를 이용하여 스프레이 및 건조시킨 후 산소 분위기에서 소성하여, 평균 입경(D50)이 0.5 내지 3 ㎛이며, 표면의 일부 또는 전부에 리튬-M 산화물 코팅층((M은 보론, 코발트, 망간 및 마그네슘으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상임)이 형성된 거대 1차 입자가 응집되어 형성된 평균 입경(D50)이 1 내지 10 ㎛인 2차 소입자를 제조하는 단계; 및(S4) LiaNi1-b-c-dCobMncQdO2+δ (1.0≤a≤1.5, 0<b<0.2, 0<c<0.2, 0≤d≤0.1, 0<b+c+d≤0.2, -0.1≤δ≤1.0, Q은 Al, Mg, V, Ti 및 Zr으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 금속 원소임)로 표시되고 평균 입경(D50)이 상기 거대 1차 입자보다 작은 미세 1차 입자가 응집되어 형성된 평균 입경(D50)이 5 내지 20 ㎛인 2차 대입자를 준비하고 상기 2차 소입자와 혼합하는 단계를 포함하는 제1항의 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 2차 대입자의 평균입경(D50):상기 2차 소입자의 평균입경(D50)은 5:1 내지 2:1인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 2차 소입자의 함량은 상기 2차 대입자 100 중량부를 기준으로 10 내지 100 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 리튬-M 산화물 코팅층의 M은 보론 및 코발트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 리튬-M 산화물 코팅층의 M의 함량은 2차 소입자 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.05 내지 10 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 제12항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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