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WO2014194792A1 - 一种便携式温差发电照明装置 - Google Patents

一种便携式温差发电照明装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014194792A1
WO2014194792A1 PCT/CN2014/078880 CN2014078880W WO2014194792A1 WO 2014194792 A1 WO2014194792 A1 WO 2014194792A1 CN 2014078880 W CN2014078880 W CN 2014078880W WO 2014194792 A1 WO2014194792 A1 WO 2014194792A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power generation
thick
thermoelectric power
rod
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/078880
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯朝晖
Original Assignee
东莞市和旺电器有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东莞市和旺电器有限公司 filed Critical 东莞市和旺电器有限公司
Priority to US14/896,151 priority Critical patent/US10115881B2/en
Publication of WO2014194792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014194792A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21L—LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION
    • F21L13/00—Electric lighting devices with built-in electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
    • F21S9/04—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0414—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches specially adapted to be used with portable lighting devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/56—Cooling arrangements using liquid coolants
    • F21V29/58—Cooling arrangements using liquid coolants characterised by the coolants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/90—Heating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/80—Constructional details
    • H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
    • H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
    • H10N10/852—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising tellurium, selenium or sulfur
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/80—Constructional details
    • H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
    • H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
    • H10N10/853—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising arsenic, antimony or bismuth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lighting technology, and more particularly to a lighting device based on the principle of temperature difference power generation.
  • thermoelectric power generation technology Since the introduction of thermoelectric power generation technology, the research on illumination based on thermoelectric power generation has not been interrupted. It is a kind of illumination method that is relatively easy to realize without power supply, but the illumination based on thermoelectric power generation in the prior art. The device is far from practical in the market.
  • thermoelectric LED lighting device shown in Patent No. 201220321281.7 mainly includes a lighting fixture 1, a thermoelectric power generation module 2 and a power storage device 3, as shown in Fig. 1, the thermoelectric power generation module 2
  • the temperature difference formed between the cold end and the hot end is used for continuous power generation for illumination of the lamp 1 .
  • the prior art temperature difference power generation lighting device generally has the following major technical problems: the temperature difference power generation efficiency is low, the power generation amount is very low, and the temperature difference between the two sides of the temperature difference power generation piece is small and unstable, which also restricts the development of this technology.
  • thermoelectric power generation lighting device in the prior art almost impossible to achieve practical
  • the use requirements, and the instability of this temperature difference also makes it difficult to provide a stable illumination output in actual lighting use, and there have been some improvements in this aspect by using a large-volume heat sink to ensure the temperature difference, but this Improvements will make the entire lighting device bulky, using cost-effectiveness rather than direct electrical lighting. Therefore, how to provide a non-electrical lighting device with high power generation efficiency and very convenient carrying capacity for these defects of temperature difference power generation has broad market prospects and is also a necessary requirement for technological development in this field.
  • the invention is based on the above-mentioned technical defects in the prior art, and proposes a temperature difference power generation lighting device with large temperature difference power generation, high power generation efficiency and carrying very portable temperature through long-term experimental research, and the temperature difference power generation lighting device according to the present invention
  • the thermoelectric power generation chip set, the light-emitting unit, the heat-dissipating unit and the heating unit Through the innovative design of the thermoelectric power generation chip set, the light-emitting unit, the heat-dissipating unit and the heating unit, the technical bottleneck in the background art is solved, and the temperature difference power generation efficiency and the temperature difference power generation amount are greatly improved, so that the actual lighting use demand can be achieved, and at the same time
  • the portable design of the entire lighting device has greatly increased the practicality of the market for such thermoelectric lighting devices.
  • thermoelectric power generation lighting device includes a thermoelectric power generation module 001, an adjustment rod 002, a light emitting unit 003, and a mounting top plate 004.
  • the light emitting unit 003 is mounted on a surface of the mounting top plate 004, and between the mounting top plate 004 and the thermoelectric power generation module 001 through the adjusting rod 002 is connected, the thermoelectric power generation module 001 includes a heat dissipation unit 100, a thermoelectric power generation chip set 110, a heat supply box 120, and a combustion chamber 130.
  • the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110 generates power based on a temperature difference between the hot and cold ends, and adopts cascading.
  • the temperature difference power generation materials respectively operating in different temperature ranges are sequentially formed from the cold end to the hot end to form a multi-layer structure, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 is closely attached to the heat dissipation unit 100, and the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 The hot end is in close contact with the heating tank 120, and the lower portion of the heating tank 120 is connected to the combustion chamber 130.
  • thermoelectric power generation lighting device wherein the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110 is provided with a Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 thermoelectric power generation chip having a high quality factor in a range of 0 to 300 degrees Celsius at a cold end thereof, in Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3
  • the thermoelectric power generation sheet PbTe, PbTe and SnTe, PbSe solid solution, GeTe and/or AgSbTe2 thermoelectric power generation chips with a higher quality factor in the range of 300 to 600 degrees Celsius are set, and the hot end is set at 600 degrees Celsius or higher with a high quality factor.
  • Ge-Si alloy and / or MnTe thermoelectric power generation sheet are set.
  • thermoelectric power generation lighting device wherein the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110 is composed of one of: (1), 5 mm thick Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3 mm thick PbTe/3 mm thick PbSe solid solution/8 mm thick Ge- Si alloy; (2), 5mm thick Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/5mm thick PbTe and SnTe/8mm thick Ge-Si alloy; (3), 5mm thick Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm thick PbSe solid solution/3mm thick AgSbTe2/6mm thick Ge-Si Alloy/3mm thick MnTe; (4), 4mm thick Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm thick GeTe/3mm thick AgSbTe2/4mm thick Ge-Si alloy/5mm thick MnTe; (5), 5mm thick Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm thick PbSe solid solution /3mm thick AgSbTe2/6mm
  • the temperature difference power generation lighting device wherein the heat dissipation unit 100 includes a main heat sink 101, a micro heat sink 102, a heat dissipation sidewall 103, an impeller 104, and a heat dissipation base 105;
  • the heat dissipation sidewalls 103 are formed to extend vertically, and the outer side of the heat dissipation sidewalls 103 abuts against the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110, and the inner side vertically extends to form the main heat dissipation fins 101.
  • the heat dissipation unit 100 has a comb-like structure as a whole.
  • a coolant tank is formed in the heat dissipation base 105.
  • the main fins 101 and the heat dissipation sidewalls 103 form a coolant passage communicating with each other and communicate with a coolant tank in the heat dissipation base 105.
  • the coolant in the coolant tank is heavy.
  • a superconducting coolant made of potassium chromate and/or potassium sulfate, the impeller 104 is disposed in a coolant tank of the heat dissipation base 105, and the main heat sink 101, the heat dissipation base 105, and the heat dissipation sidewall 103 are closely attached.
  • the micro heat sink 102 is provided on a surface other than the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110.
  • thermoelectric power generation lighting device wherein the micro heat sink 102 is made of a heat dissipating material with a capillary fiber tube interposed therebetween, the heat dissipating unit 100 is made of copper or aluminum, and the main heat sink 101 is each The sheets have a thickness of 8-15 mm and are spaced apart from each other by 8-15 mm.
  • the micro fins 102 each have a thickness of 0.5-2 mm and are spaced apart from each other by 1.5-3 mm.
  • thermoelectric power generation lighting device wherein the heating tank 120 includes a copper wall 121, a water tank 122, a heat insulating wall 123, an exhaust hole 124, a connecting chute 125, a copper seat 126, and a connecting magnet block 127.
  • the heating tank 120 has a rectangular box structure as a whole, and the copper wall 121 having a thickness of 20 mm or more is formed on a side close to the thermoelectric power generation sheet group 110, and the lower portion of the copper wall 121 integrally extends outwardly and vertically.
  • the copper seat 126 has a thickness of 20 mm or less, the copper wall 121 and the copper seat 126 serve as two wall surfaces of the water tank 122, and the other wall surfaces of the water tank 122 are formed by the heat insulating wall 123.
  • a venting opening 124 is defined in the insulating wall 123 at the top of the water tank 122.
  • a connecting slot 125 is defined on both sides of the copper seat 126.
  • the front side surface of the copper seat 126 is provided with a connecting magnet block 127.
  • the temperature difference power generation lighting device wherein the combustion chamber 130 has a rectangular box structure, and a fixing plate 135 is disposed at the bottom of the box body, and the fixing plate 135 is provided with a plurality of combustion heat source positioning holes.
  • a flame control piece 136 is disposed near the opening of the upper portion of the casing, and the flame control piece 136 is configured to adjust the flame size of the combustion heat source positioned in the fixed plate, and the connecting rib 132 is disposed at the top end of the two side walls of the casing.
  • the combustion chamber is fixedly connected to the lower side of the heating box by the connecting rib 132 being embedded in the connecting slot 125 corresponding to the heating box, and the magnetic block 131 is disposed at the top of the end wall of the box.
  • the magnetic block 131 is adsorbed by the connecting magnet block 127 corresponding to the heating tank, and the combustion chamber is aligned with the heating chamber, and the combustion chamber is insulated from the side wall of the thermoelectric generating sheet group 110.
  • the side wall 133 is provided with an oxygen supply hole on the other side wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the temperature difference power generating lighting device wherein the flame control sheet 136 comprises a stretch panel 137 and an adjustment rod 139, the stretch panel 137 is composed of a laminated cover sheet and is connected to the link transmission mechanism.
  • the adjusting rod 139 can adjust the telescopic width of the elastic sheet 137 by operating the adjusting rod 139, thereby changing the size of the flame outlet 138 between the respective stretch sheets, and the flame outlet 138 is always facing the positioning hole.
  • thermoelectric lighting device wherein the adjusting rod 002 comprises a main rod 201 and a telescopic rod 202, the telescopic rod 202 is telescoped in the main rod 201, and the bottom end of the main rod 201 passes through the rotating shaft Connected to the top surface of the housing of the thermoelectric power generation module, the top end of the telescopic rod 202 is connected to the inner surface of the mounting top plate 004 through a rotating shaft, by adjusting between the mounting top plate 004 and the adjusting rod 002, and adjusting the rod 002 and the thermoelectric power generation module The angle between the illumination unit 003 is adjusted, and the open end side wall of the main rod 201 is provided with a locking device for telescopic movement of the telescopic rod 202.
  • the temperature difference power generating lighting device wherein the locking device comprises a notch 203, a pressing rod 204, a spring 205, a triangular bearing 206 and a pressing handle 207 opened on the main rod 201, the triangular bearing
  • the bottom portion of the pressing rod 204 includes a pressing block that extends vertically into the notch 203, and the middle portion of the pressing rod 204 is rotatably coupled to the triangular bearing 206.
  • the tail of the rod 204 is formed with a pressing handle 207 for facilitating pressing.
  • the spring 205 is disposed between the notch 203 and the triangular support 206.
  • the two ends of the spring 205 are respectively fixed to the outside of the pressing rod 204 and the main rod 201.
  • the wall is such that the pressing block of the pressing rod is elastically pressed against the telescopic rod 202 in the main rod through the notch 203, and the telescopic rod 202 is locked in the main rod.
  • the temperature difference power generation lighting device wherein the light emitting unit 003 comprises a reflector 301, a condensing mirror 302, a lamp cover 303, a thermoelectric power generation piece 304, heat dissipating fins 305, an LED 306, and mounting fins 307, the reflecting light
  • the bottom of the cup 301 is provided with a mounting step of the LED 306.
  • the bottom of the bottom of the mounting step is provided with a wire hole 308.
  • the inner wall of the reflecting cup 301 is plated with a reflective film, and the inner wall of the reflecting cup is circumferentially opened with a wedge shape near the LED 306.
  • thermoelectric power generation piece 304 is disposed inside the cup wall, and the thermoelectric power generation piece 304 is a Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 thermoelectric power generation piece of 3-5 mm thick, and a wire through hole is opened in the center of the bottom, and the lower surface of the LED 306 is in contact with the temperature difference.
  • a heat generating sheet 304 having a plurality of heat radiating fins 305 arranged in a spiral shape on an outer wall surface of the reflector cup 301, wherein a spiral groove is provided on a circumference of a circumference of the lampshade 303, and the spiral groove is Spiral heat radiation fin outer wall surface of the optical cup spiro-bonded to the lamp cover 303 is attached to the reflector cup 301, 301 of the bottom of the reflector cup 307 is provided with a finned.
  • the inside of the mounting top plate 004 is provided with a power control circuit for controlling the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric power generation module 001 and the light emitting unit 003, and an illumination driving circuit for the LED in the light emitting unit.
  • the power control circuit includes a selection switch that enables series and parallel switching between the power generation module 001 and the power generation unit 003.
  • the temperature difference power generation lighting device wherein the power control circuit further comprises a power storage module externally connected to the USB socket, the power storage module capable of automatically storing the internal temperature difference power generation energy, and being able to utilize the external through the USB socket Power charging.
  • thermoelectric power generation module and the light-emitting unit, the lighting efficiency of the temperature difference power generation is greatly improved, and the market practicality of the temperature difference power generation lighting device is improved.
  • the whole lighting device is small in size and simple in operation, fully satisfying the use requirements of portable lighting devices, and has a broad market prospect.
  • thermoelectric LED lighting device 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional thermoelectric LED lighting device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall appearance of a temperature difference power generation lighting device according to the present invention
  • thermoelectric power generation module in a thermoelectric power generation lighting device according to the present invention
  • FIG 4 is a schematic structural view of a flame control sheet in the thermoelectric power generation module shown in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the internal assembly structure of the thermoelectric power generation module shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an adjustment rod of the thermoelectric power generation lighting device of the present invention.
  • thermoelectric power generation lighting device 7 is a schematic structural view of a light emitting unit in a thermoelectric power generation lighting device according to the present invention.
  • thermoelectric power generation module 001 thermoelectric power generation module, 002 adjustment rod, 003 lighting unit, 004 mounting top plate;
  • heat sink unit 101 main heat sink, 102 micro heat sink, 103 heat sink sidewall, 104 impeller, 105 heat sink base;
  • 301 reflector, 302 condenser, 303 shade, 304 thermoelectric generator, 305 heat sink fins, 306 LED, 307 mounting fins, 308 wire holes.
  • the temperature difference power generation lighting device of the present invention integrally includes a thermoelectric power generation module 001, an adjustment rod 002, a light emitting unit 003, and a mounting top plate 004, wherein the light emitting unit 003 is mounted on the surface of the mounting top plate 004, and the top plate 004 is installed.
  • the thermoelectric power generation modules 001 are connected by an adjusting rod 002.
  • the lower end of the adjusting rod 002 is connected to the top surface of the housing of the thermoelectric power generation module 001 through a shaft.
  • the upper end of the adjusting rod 002 is rotatably connected to the mounting top plate 004 by a shaft.
  • the adjustment rod 002 can be telescopically adjusted along its own length direction, so that the illumination orientation of the illumination unit 003 can be freely adjusted, and the installation of the top plate 004 and the adjustment rod 002 and the adjustment rod 002 and the temperature difference can be adjusted.
  • the angle between the modules 001 adjusts the illumination angle of the light-emitting unit 003, and the illumination height of the light-emitting unit 003 is adjusted by the length of the telescopic adjustment rod 002.
  • a control circuit portion is disposed inside the mounting top plate 004, and includes a lighting control for the light emitting unit 003.
  • the control circuit portion is electrically connected to the power output end of the thermoelectric power generation module 001 through a wire penetrating inside the adjusting rod 002, and generates power by using a temperature difference.
  • the power of module 001 drives the illumination unit illumination.
  • thermoelectric lighting device of the present invention In order to enable the thermoelectric lighting device of the present invention to truly meet the practical needs of the market, the various portions of the innovative design of the present invention are described in detail below.
  • thermoelectric power generation module 001 includes a heat dissipation unit 100, a thermoelectric power generation chip group 110, a heating chamber 120, and a combustion chamber 130.
  • the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110 generates electricity based on the temperature difference. It is the main source of electrical energy of the light-emitting unit of the present invention.
  • the temperature difference power generation chip mostly adopts a single semiconductor material temperature difference film, and the temperature difference range that can be adapted is very limited, and the power generation efficiency is generally low, and it is almost impossible to achieve practical use.
  • the invention proposes a stacked combined thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 by an innovative design and numerous experimental studies, which sets a high temperature temperature difference power generation material at a position where the temperature is high and the temperature difference is large, and sets a low temperature at a position where the temperature is low.
  • the temperature difference power generation material has the largest temperature close to the hot end and the lowest temperature close to the cold end. Therefore, the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 of the present invention is provided with multiple layers of different materials from the cold end of the contact heat sink to the hot end of the contact heating unit.
  • thermoelectric power generation chip wherein the Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 temperature difference sheet having a high quality factor is disposed near the cold end in the range of 0 to 300 degrees Celsius, which belongs to a good low temperature temperature difference power generation material, and is set at 300 after the Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 temperature difference power generation sheet.
  • a medium-temperature temperature difference power generation material with a high quality factor in the range of 600 degrees Celsius a thermoelectric power generation sheet made of materials such as PbTe, PbTe and SnTe, PbSe solid solution, GeTe or AgSbTe2, and a high temperature of 600 degrees Celsius or higher near the hot end.
  • thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 can use any one of them:
  • composition from the cold end to the hot end is laminated in order:
  • thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 of the present invention may have a rectangular parallelepiped structure and a thickness of about 20 mm.
  • the electric energy generated by the temperature difference between the power generation sheets of each layer is superposed by the internal lines in series, and then the wires inside the adjustment rod are passed to the control circuit part in the installation top plate. delivery.
  • the heat dissipation cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 is in close contact with the heat dissipation unit 100.
  • the heat dissipation unit 100 includes a main heat dissipation fin 101, a micro heat sink 102, a heat dissipation sidewall 103, an impeller 104, and heat dissipation as shown in FIG.
  • the heat dissipation base 105 extends vertically upward to form the heat dissipation sidewall 103.
  • the outer side of the heat dissipation sidewall 103 abuts against the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110, and the inner side vertically extends to form the main heat dissipation fin 101, so that the whole
  • the heat dissipation unit 100 has a comb structure, and a coolant tank is formed in the heat dissipation base 105, and a coolant channel communicating with each other is formed in the main heat sink 101 and the heat dissipation sidewall 103 and communicates with the heat dissipation base 105.
  • the coolant is a superconducting coolant made of potassium dichromate and/or potassium sulfate with a high heat conduction rate and a small thermal expansion coefficient
  • the superconducting coolant is injected into the heat dissipating unit and vacuumed during production.
  • the heat generated by the heat dissipating unit especially the heat generated by the heat dissipating side wall, is quickly transmitted to the heat sink through the superconducting coolant, which greatly improves the heat dissipation speed and efficiency, and is thermally expanded by the superconducting coolant. No small factor overpressure safety risks.
  • a rotating impeller 104 is disposed in the coolant tank of the heat dissipation base 105.
  • the rotation of the impeller 104 can drive the circulation of the coolant.
  • the impeller 104 is rotated by manual mechanical rotation.
  • the screwing end protrudes out of the housing of the temperature difference starting module 001, so that the user can self-screw the screwing end according to the lighting condition to rotate the impeller and accelerate the circulation of the coolant to improve the heat dissipation effect.
  • the impeller 104 can also be driven by electrical energy generated by a thermoelectric power generation chip set.
  • the main heat sink 101, the heat dissipation base 105, and the heat dissipation sidewall 103 are disposed on the surface other than the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110, and the micro heat sink 102 is disposed.
  • the micro heat sink 102 conducts the coolant to the main heat dissipation.
  • the heat of the sheet is further transmitted to the external environment, and the micro heat sink can be made of a heat dissipating material with a capillary fiber tube in between.
  • the whole heat dissipating unit may be made of a high thermal conductive material such as copper or aluminum, and in particular, the main fins have a thickness of 8-15 mm, preferably 10-12 mm, and are spaced apart from each other by 8-15 mm, preferably 10 mm, wherein each of the micro fins is The thickness is in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mm, spaced apart from each other by 1.5 to 3 mm, preferably 2.5 mm, and a capillary fiber tube is processed therein.
  • the heat dissipating unit of the above-mentioned structural size is tested to have an ideal heat dissipating effect in accordance with the requirement of the above-mentioned lighting device of the present invention to be small and portable.
  • the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 is in close contact with the heat supply box 120.
  • the heat supply box 120 includes a copper wall 121, a water tank 122, a heat insulating wall 123, a vent hole 124, and a connection slide.
  • the tank 125 and the copper seat 126, the heating tank 120 as a whole has a rectangular box structure, and a copper wall 121 having a thickness of 20 mm or more is formed on a side close to the thermoelectric power generation group 110, and the lower portion of the copper wall 121 is integrally formed.
  • the copper seat 126 is vertically extended outside, and the copper seat 126 has a thickness of 20 mm or less, thereby utilizing the high-efficiency thermal conductivity of copper to transfer heat to the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 in a timely manner, on the other side of the copper wall 121 and the copper seat.
  • the upper side of the 126 is provided with a water tank 122 for storing water to store heat using the high specific heat performance of the water.
  • the top and outer side walls of the water tank 122 are made of a heat insulating material 123, that is, the entire water tank.
  • the bottom and the side sampling copper material adjacent to the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110 are made of the other side walls and the top of the water tank 122 are made of a heat insulating material, so that the heat therein is not easily lost, and the copper and the heat insulating material are mutually fitted to ensure the water tank is sealed. .
  • a vent hole 124 is formed in the heat insulating wall 123 at the top of the water tank 122, and a steam plug in which only steam is allowed to be discharged and liquid water cannot be poured out is provided in the vent hole 124.
  • Connection slots 125 are formed on both sides of the copper seat 126 to facilitate a tight connection between the heat supply box 120 and the combustion chamber 130.
  • the front side surface of the copper seat 126 is provided with a connecting magnet block to match the top of the combustion chamber.
  • the magnetic block 131 is attracted so that the combustion chamber is tightly coupled to the lower portion of the heating tank 120 to provide a source of heat.
  • a combustion chamber 130 is disposed at a lower portion of the heating tank 120.
  • the combustion chamber 130 has a rectangular box structure similar to that of a heating box, and a fixing plate 135 is disposed at a bottom of the box body, and the fixing plate 135 is disposed at a bottom of the box body.
  • the upper opening is provided with a plurality of fixing holes, and the size of the fixing holes is matched with the size of a common burning candle, an alcohol lamp, etc. (hereinafter, a candle is taken as an example), and the candle can be fixed to the candle by placing the bottom of the candle in the fixing hole.
  • a plurality of rows of fixing holes may be formed on the fixing plate 135 from the side of the temperature difference generating chip group 110, and the number of fixing holes in the row of the heating chamber copper wall 121 is relatively dense.
  • a flame control piece 136 is disposed near the upper portion of the casing of the combustion chamber, and the structure of the flame control piece 136 is as shown in FIG. 4, and includes a stretch piece 137 and an adjustment rod 139.
  • the stretch piece 137 is laminated.
  • the cover sheet is composed and connected to the adjustment rod 139 by a link transmission mechanism, and the width adjustment of the stretch panel 137 can be realized by operating the adjustment lever 139, so that the width of the opening region 138 between the respective stretch sheets changes.
  • the opening area is opposite to the fixing hole, that is, the candle is fired, so that the width of the elastic sheet is changed by twisting the adjusting rod 139, so that the width of the opening area 138 of the candle flame is changed, thereby being effective.
  • Adjusting the flame size of the candle realizes the adjustment control of the thermal energy provided by the combustion chamber.
  • it is only necessary to screw the adjustment rod to the maximum (the expansion piece is stretched to the maximum), so that the flame outlet 138 is It can be realized by completely closing, so that the proposed flame control piece 136 of the invention can conveniently realize the heat supply to the combustion chamber. Adjust the control.
  • Connecting ribs 132 are disposed at the top ends of the two side walls of the combustion chamber, and the connecting ribs 132 can be embedded in the connecting chutes 125 on both sides of the hot box copper seat, thereby fixing the combustion chamber to the combustion chamber.
  • a magnetic block 131 is disposed below the heat box, and at the top of the end wall of the combustion chamber, which corresponds to the position of the connecting magnet of the front side surface of the copper seat 126, so that the combustion chamber is embedded by the connecting rib 132
  • the magnetic block 131 is attracted to the connecting magnet block, so that the combustion chamber is tightly fixedly connected to the heating box, and the candle flame in the combustion chamber is positive.
  • the copper seat of the heating tank is supplied with heat for combustion.
  • the combustion chamber is formed adjacent to the sidewall of the thermoelectric power generation chip group 110 by using a heat insulating material to form a heat insulating sidewall 133 to reduce the heat of the combustion chamber to the heat dissipation unit, and the other sidewalls of the combustion chamber are provided with an oxygen supply passage. hole.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view showing the heat dissipating unit 100, the thermoelectric power generation chip set 110, the heating supply box 120, and the combustion chamber 130 assembled together in the thermoelectric power generation module 001 of the present invention, and the heat dissipating unit 100 is closely attached as shown in the figure.
  • the heat-dissipating cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip set is disposed, and the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation chip set is disposed close to the copper wall 121 of the heat supply box 120, and the combustion chamber 130 is connected to the lower portion of the heat supply box 120, and the candle in the combustion chamber is burned during operation.
  • the copper seat 126 of the heating box is heated, and most of the heat is directly transmitted to the copper wall 121 integrally provided with the copper seat, and excess heat is transmitted to the water tank 122 through the copper seat and stored in the water, and the copper wall
  • the heat of 121 is timely transmitted to the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation chip set, and at the same time, the heat dissipating unit works, and the heat of the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation chip group is dissipated by the superconducting cooling liquid in time, thereby forming a large and stable in the thermoelectric power generation chip group.
  • the temperature difference distribution converts this temperature difference distribution into an electrical energy output by means of temperature difference power generation.
  • the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric power generation module 001 is output upward through a wire, and the wire is placed in the rod cavity of the adjustment rod 002.
  • the adjusting rod 002 adjustably connects the mounting top plate 004 and the thermoelectric power generation module 001.
  • the invention adjusts the adjusting rod by an innovative method, and can realize the adjustment of the illumination unit illumination direction by a very convenient and simple method.
  • the adjusting rod 002 includes a main rod 201 and a telescopic rod 202. As shown in FIG. 6, the telescopic rod 202 is telescoped and retracted into the main rod 201. The bottom end of the main rod 201 is connected to the top surface of the thermoelectric power generation module through a rotating shaft. Referring to FIG.
  • the main rod 201 can be adjusted in rotation angle, and the side wall of the open end of the main rod 201 is provided with a locking device for the telescopic rod 202, and the locking device includes a gap formed on the main rod. 203, a pressing rod 204, a spring 205, a triangular bearing 206 and a pressing handle 207.
  • the triangular bearing 206 is fixed to a position of the outer side wall of the main rod near the notch, and the top of the pressing rod 204 includes a pressing block vertically penetrating the notch 203.
  • the middle portion of the pressing rod 204 is rotatably connected to the triangular support 206.
  • the tail portion of the pressing rod 204 forms a pressing handle 207 for pressing
  • the spring 205 is disposed between the notch 203 and the triangular support 206.
  • the spring 205 The end is fixed to the outer side wall of the pressing rod 204 and the main rod 201, so that the pressing block of the pressing rod is elastically pressed against the telescopic rod 202 in the main rod through the notch 203, and the telescopic rod 202 is locked to the specific inside the main rod. position.
  • the pressing rod 204 is rotated around the triangular support 206 by pressing the pressing handle 207, and the end pressing block of the pressing rod 204 protrudes from the notch 203, and the telescopic rod 202 can be in the main rod 201.
  • the inner free adjustment is performed.
  • the top end of the telescopic rod 202 is coupled to the inner surface of the mounting top plate 004 through a rotating shaft, so that the mounting top plate 004 can be angularly adjusted relative to the adjusting rod, and the adjusting rods are preferably disposed in parallel with each other, as shown in FIG. .
  • the inner surface of the mounting top plate 004 is mounted with one or more light emitting units 003.
  • the structure of the light emitting unit 003 is as shown in FIG. 7 , and specifically includes a reflector 301 , a condensing mirror 302 , a lamp cover 303 , a thermoelectric power generating chip 304 , and heat dissipation .
  • a fin 305, an LED 306, and a mounting fin 307 wherein the bottom of the reflector 301 is provided with a mounting step of the LED, and a center of the bottom of the mounting step is provided with a wire hole 308, and an inner surface of the reflector 301 is coated with a reflective film.
  • a wedge-shaped groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the reflector cup near the LED 306 for mounting the concentrating mirror 302.
  • the central portion of the condensing mirror 302 is a condensing lens structure, which is made of transparent resin, and the outer periphery forms a compressible elastic flange structure.
  • the concentrating mirror 302 is fixed to the inner wall of the reflector by elastically pressing the flange of the outer circumference of the concentrating mirror 302 into the wedge-shaped groove of the inner wall of the reflector, and the LED is located near the focus position of the condensing mirror, thereby emitting the LED point light source through the condensing mirror. The light is converted to a parallel light output.
  • the reflector cup 301 is sampled and made of aluminum, and a thermoelectric power generation piece 304 is disposed inside the cup wall.
  • the shape of the thermoelectric power generation piece 304 is similar to that of the reflective cup, and a Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 thermoelectric power generation piece of 3-5 mm thickness is sampled, and A through hole is formed in the center of the bottom for the wire hole 308.
  • the side of the temperature difference power generating piece 304 near the inner wall of the reflector is used as the hot end of the temperature difference power generation, which absorbs the reflective wall surface of the reflector and the heat emitted by the LED light source, and the temperature difference generates electricity.
  • the outer side of the sheet 304 is used as the cold end of the temperature difference power generation, and is close to the outer wall surface of the reflector.
  • the outer wall surface of the reflector cup is provided with a plurality of heat dissipating fins 305, and the heat dissipating fins are lowered while taking away the heat of the reflector cup.
  • the temperature outside the thermoelectric power generation piece 304 is formed to form a cold and hot temperature difference in the thermoelectric power generation piece 304, and the electric energy generated based on the temperature difference is led out into the mounting top plate through the wire hole, and the heat dissipating fin 305 is spiraled on the outer surface of the reflective cup.
  • the cup mouth of the reflector cup 301 is mounted with a transparent lamp cover 303, and a spiral groove is arranged on the inner side of the circumference of the lamp cover 303, and the spiral groove and the spiral surface of the outer surface of the reflector cup are arranged.
  • Heat fin 305 is screwed, so that the lamp cover 303 is mounted on a reflective cup 301, this innovative design very convenient way of mounting the globe.
  • a mounting fin 307 is disposed at the bottom of the reflector cup 301, and the mounting fin 307 serves as a heat dissipating fin of the reflector itself, and at the same time serves as a mounting component of the reflector on the mounting top plate 004, specifically in the installation.
  • the inner surface of the top plate 004 is provided with a tab corresponding to the gap between the mounting fins 307 corresponding to the mounting position of the light emitting unit, and the fin is inserted into the gap between the mounting fins 307 and the fins 307 are inserted through the transverse screws. And the tabs are mounted on the inner surface of the mounting top plate.
  • the invention proposes that the temperature difference power generation piece 304 is also disposed in the reflector cup, and the heat energy of the light-emitting unit part is effectively utilized, and the generated electric power is not large, but the external power supply is not required for the design of the invention.
  • the portable lighting device is useful, and the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric power generation chip 304 is conducted through the wires to the mounting top plate.
  • the interior of the mounting top plate 004 is provided with an associated control circuit, and at least includes a power control circuit generated by the thermoelectric power generation module 001 and the light emitting unit 003 and an illumination driving circuit of the LED in the light emitting unit, wherein the power control circuit provides illumination driving to the LED
  • the electric energy includes a selection switch, because the power control circuit includes a power source derived from the thermoelectric power generation module 001 and a power source derived from the illumination unit 003, and the innovation of the present invention proposes to use the two power sources in the thermoelectric LED illumination.
  • the power control circuit includes a selection switch, by which the series and parallel switching between the power generation module 001 power generation source and the illumination unit 003 power generation source can be realized, when the present invention is required
  • the power generation power supply module 001 is selected to be connected in parallel with the power generation unit 003, and when the portable lighting device of the present invention is required to provide higher brightness illumination, the temperature difference is selected.
  • Power generation module 001 power generation and lighting unit 003 The electric power source is switched in series connection, and the electric energy control circuit supplies electric energy to the LED lighting driving circuit, and the LED lighting driving circuit is connected to the LED point light source in the reflective cup through the wire hole 308 through the wire, of course, the electric energy control circuit can also be provided A power storage module that stores temperature difference power generation and a power storage module that is charged based on USB.
  • the portable thermoelectric power generation lighting device of the present invention converts the combustion heat energy of the candle and the alcohol lamp into electric energy and provides illumination to the LED without using an external power source.
  • the illumination device is very suitable for the lighting in the field. That is to overcome the dependence of the existing lighting device on the battery power source or the AC power source, and effectively utilize the high-brightness light-emitting characteristics of the LED, and the portable use is very portable, and has a very broad market prospect.
  • temperature difference power generation technology has been produced, but it is difficult to form a market practical product.
  • the present invention combines long-term practice research, from temperature difference power generation material and structure setting, heat dissipation and heating structure setting, and illumination setting. All of them have been innovated, which makes the temperature difference power generation lighting device truly realize the practical use of the market.

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Abstract

一种温差发电照明装置，包括温差发电模块（001）、调整杆（002）、发光单元（003）和安装顶板（004），所述发光单元安装于安装顶板表面，安装顶板和温差发电模块之间通过调整杆连接，温差发电模块包括散热单元（100）、温差发电片组（110）、供热箱（120）和燃烧室（130），温差发电片组采用层叠组合结构，自冷端到热端依次设置分别工作于不同温度范围内的温差发电材质形成多层结构，温差发电片组的冷端紧贴散热单元，温差发电片组的热端紧贴供热箱，供热箱的下部连接燃烧室，所述的温差发电照明装置极大地提高了温差发电效率和温差发电量，使其能够达到实际照明使用需求，同时对整个照明装置进行了便携式设计，使其市场实用化程度得到大幅提升。

Description

一种便携式温差发电照明装置 技术领域
本发明涉及照明技术领域，更具体的涉及一种基于温差发电原理的照明装置。
背景技术
照明在现实社会中已经成为人们生活的必须，现有的照明装置多数是基于电能进行的，随着世界能源的日趋匮乏，电能照明的广泛使用将导致电力资源供应的紧张，尤其在夏季用电高峰期，电力资源更是严重不足，甚至会影响人们的日常照明。而且随着人们外出旅游的增加和对便携式照明的大量需求，更加趋向于利用电能以外的新能源进行照明。自从温差发电技术被发明以后，基于温差发电来进行照明的研究就没有中断过，它是在没有电力供应的情况下比较容易实现的一种照明方式，但是现有技术中的基于温差发电的照明装置离市场实用化很远，如专利号201220321281.7所示的温差发电LED照明装置，主要包括照明灯具1、温差发电模块2和储电装置3，如附图1所示，温差发电模块2 为半导体温差发电片，利用冷端和热端之间形成的温差进行持续发电，供灯具1照明使用。这种现有技术中的温差发电照明装置普遍存在以下重大技术问题：温差发电效率低、发电量很低，主要由温差发电片两侧温差较小且不稳定造成，这也是制约这一技术发展的主要问题，现有技术中几乎没有提供这方面的解决方案，即能够持久保持温差发电片两端较大温差的方案，这使得现有技术中的温差发电照明装置的照明几乎达不到实际使用要求，而且这种温差的不稳定也使得其在实际的照明使用中难以提供稳定的照明输出，现有在这方面也出现了一些通过采用大体积散热器来保证温差的改进，但这种改进将使得整个照明装置的体积庞大，使用性价比反而不如直接的电能照明。因此如何针对温差发电的这些缺陷提供一种发电效率高且携带非常便捷的非电能照明装置具有广泛的市场前景，也是这一领域技术发展的必要需求。
发明内容
本发明基于上述现有技术中的技术缺陷，通过长期的试验研究创新性的提出一种温差发电量大、发电效率高且携带非常便携的温差发电照明装置，本发明所述的温差发电照明装置通过创新的设计温差发电片组、发光单元、散热单元和供热单元，解决了背景技术中的技术瓶颈，极大地提高了温差发电效率和温差发电量，使其能够达到实际照明使用需求，同时对整个照明装置进行了便携式设计，使得这种温差发电照明装置的市场实用化程度得到大幅提升。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案如下：
一种温差发电照明装置，包括温差发电模块001、调整杆002、发光单元003和安装顶板004，所述发光单元003安装于安装顶板004表面，安装顶板004和温差发电模块001之间通过调整杆002连接，所述温差发电模块001包括散热单元100、温差发电片组110、供热箱120和燃烧室130，所述温差发电片组110基于冷热端之间的温差进行发电，并采用层叠组合结构，自冷端到热端依次设置分别工作于不同温度范围内的温差发电材质形成多层结构，所述温差发电片组110的冷端紧贴散热单元100，所述温差发电片组110的热端紧贴供热箱120，所述供热箱120的下部连接所述燃烧室130。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述温差发电片组110在其冷端设置于0～300摄氏度范围内具有较高品质因数的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片，在Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片之后设置在300到600摄氏度范围内具有较高品质因数的PbTe、PbTe与SnTe、PbSe固溶体、GeTe和/或AgSbTe2温差发电片，在其热端设置于600摄氏度以上具有高品质因数的Ge-Si合金和/或MnTe温差发电片。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述温差发电片组110由以下之一构成：（1）、5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚PbTe/3mm厚PbSe固溶体/8mm厚Ge-Si合金；（2）、5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/5mm厚PbTe与SnTe/8mm厚Ge-Si合金；（3）、5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚PbSe固溶体/3mm厚AgSbTe2/6mm厚Ge-Si合金/3mm厚的MnTe；（4）、4mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚GeTe/3mm厚AgSbTe2/4mm厚Ge-Si合金/5mm厚MnTe；（5）、5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚PbSe固溶体/3mm厚AgSbTe2/6mm厚MnTe。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述散热单元100包括主散热片101、微散热片102、散热侧壁103、叶轮104和散热基座105；所述散热基座105向上垂直延伸形成所述散热侧壁103，所述散热侧壁103的外侧紧贴温差发电片组110，内侧垂直延伸形成所述主散热片101，所述散热单元100整体呈梳状结构，所述散热基座105内形成冷却液箱，所述主散热片101和散热侧壁103内形成相互连通的冷却液通道并连通散热基座105内的冷却液箱，冷却液箱中的冷却液为重铬酸钾和/或硫酸钾制成的超导冷却液，所述叶轮104设置于散热基座105的冷却液箱中，所述主散热片101、散热基座105以及散热侧壁103紧贴温差发电片组110以外的表面上设置有所述微散热片102。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述微散热片102采用中间加有毛细纤维管的散热材料制作，所述散热单元100采用铜或铝制作，所述主散热片101每片厚度为8-15mm，相互间隔8-15mm，所述微散热片102每片厚度为0.5-2mm，相互间隔1.5-3mm。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述供热箱120包括铜壁121、水箱122、绝热壁123、排气孔124、连接滑槽125、铜座126和连接磁块127，所述供热箱120整体为长方箱体结构，在靠近温差发电片组110的一侧形成厚度在20mm以上的所述铜壁121，所述铜壁121的下部一体向外垂直延伸出所述铜座126，所述铜座126的厚度在20mm以下，所述铜壁121和铜座126作为所述水箱122的两个壁面，所述水箱122的其他壁面由所述绝热壁123形成，所述水箱122顶部的绝热壁123中开设有排气孔124，所述铜座126的两侧开设有连接滑槽125，所述铜座126的前侧表面设置有连接磁块127。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述燃烧室130具有长方箱体结构，在箱体底部设置有固定板135，所述固定板135上开设有若干燃烧热源定位孔，在箱体上部靠近开口处设置有火焰控制片136，所述火焰控制片136用于对固定板内定位的燃烧热源的火焰大小进行调整，在箱体两侧壁顶端设置有连接凸棱132，通过所述连接凸棱132嵌入所述供热箱对应的连接滑槽125中而将所述燃烧室固定连接于供热箱下方，在箱体端壁的顶部设置有磁吸块131，通过所述磁吸块131与供热箱对应的连接磁块127相吸附，使所述燃烧室与所述供热箱对准连接，所述燃烧室靠近温差发电片组110的箱体侧壁形成绝热侧壁133，所述燃烧室的其他箱体侧壁上开设有氧气供应孔。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述火焰控制片136包括伸缩片137和调节杆139，所述伸缩片137由叠层的覆盖片组成，并通过连杆传动机构连接于所述调节杆139，通过操作调节杆139能够调整伸缩片137的伸缩宽度，进而改变各伸缩片之间的火苗出口138大小，且所述火苗出口138始终正对所述定位孔。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述调整杆002包括主杆201和伸缩杆202，所述伸缩杆202伸缩于主杆201内，所述主杆201的底端通过转轴连接于温差发电模块的壳体顶面，所述伸缩杆202的顶端通过转轴连接于所述安装顶板004的内表面，通过调节安装顶板004与调整杆002之间以及调整杆002与温差发电模块之间的夹角来调整发光单元003的照射角度，所述主杆201的开口端侧壁设置有伸缩杆202伸缩移动的紧锁装置。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述紧锁装置包括主杆201上开设的缺口203、压杆204、弹簧205、三角支座206和压柄207，所述三角支座206固定于主杆外侧壁靠近缺口203的位置，所述压杆204顶部包括垂直深入缺口203内的压块，所述压杆204的中部转动连接于所述三角支座206上，所述压杆204尾部形成便于按压的压柄207，所述缺口203与所述三角支座206之间设置有所述弹簧205，所述弹簧205两端分别固定于所述压杆204和主杆201外侧壁，使压杆的压块穿过缺口203弹性按压于主杆之内的伸缩杆202之上，将伸缩杆202紧锁于主杆内。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述发光单元003包括反光杯301、聚光镜302、灯罩303、温差发电片304、散热翅片305、LED306和安装翅片307，所述反光杯301的底部设有LED306的安装台阶，安装台阶的底部中心设有导线孔308，所述反光杯301的内壁镀有反光薄膜，所述反光杯的内壁靠近LED306的位置沿周向开设有楔形槽，所述聚光镜302中部为聚光透镜结构，外周形成可压缩的弹性凸缘结构，并通过该凸缘嵌入楔形槽中而将聚光镜302固定于反光杯301的内壁，所述反光杯301的杯壁内部设置有上述温差发电片304，所述温差发电片304采用3-5mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片，并在底部中央开设有导线通孔，所述LED306下表面接触于所述温差发电片304，所述反光杯301的外壁面上以螺旋形式布置有若干散热翅片305，所述灯罩303的周缘内侧设有螺旋槽，所述螺旋槽与反光杯外壁面上的螺旋散热翅片螺接，从而将灯罩303安装于反光杯301，所述反光杯301的底部设置有安装翅片307。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述安装顶板004的内部设置有对温差发电模块001和发光单元003产生的电能进行控制的电能控制电路以及发光单元中LED的发光驱动电路，所述电能控制电路包括选择切换开关，所述选择切换开关能够实现温差发电模块001发电电源与发光单元003发电电源之间的串联和并联切换。
进一步的根据本发明所述的温差发电照明装置，其中所述电能控制电路进一步包括外接USB插口的蓄电模块，所述蓄电模块能够自动存储内部的温差发电电能，并能够通过USB插口利用外部电源充电。
通过本发明的技术方案至少能够达到以下技术效果：
1、通过将热能转化为电能进行照明，有效地节约了电力资源；
2、通过创新设计温差发电模块和发光单元，极大地提高了温差发电的照明效率，提高了温差发电照明装置的市场实用程度。
3、整个照明装置体积小、使用操作简单，完全满足了便携式照明装置的使用需求，市场前景广阔。
附图说明
附图1为现有温差发电LED照明装置的结构示意图；
附图2为本发明所述温差发电照明装置的整体外观结构示意图；
附图3为本发明所述温差发电照明装置中温差发电模块的内部结构拆分示意图；
附图4为附图3所示温差发电模块中火焰控制片的结构示意图；
附图5为附图3所述温差发电模块的内部组装结构示意图；
附图6为本发明所述温差发电照明装置中调整杆的截面示意图；
附图7为本发明所述温差发电照明装置中发光单元的结构示意图；
图中各附图标记的含义如下：
1-照明灯具、2-温差发电模块、3-储电装置；
001温差发电模块、002调整杆、003发光单元、004安装顶板；
100散热单元、101主散热片、102微散热片、103散热侧壁、104叶轮、105散热基座；
110温差发电片组；
120供热箱、121铜壁、122水箱、123绝热壁、124排气孔、125连接滑槽、126铜座、127连接磁块；
130燃烧室、131磁吸块、132连接凸棱、133绝热侧壁、134蜡烛、135固定板、136火焰控制片、137伸缩片、138火苗出口、139调节杆；
201主杆、202伸缩杆、203缺口、204压杆、205弹簧、206三角支座、207压柄；
301反光杯、302聚光镜、303灯罩、304温差发电片、305散热翅片、306LED、307安装翅片、308导线孔。
具体实施方式
如附图2所示，本发明所述的温差发电照明装置整体包括温差发电模块001、调整杆002、发光单元003和安装顶板004，其中发光单元003安装于安装顶板004表面，安装顶板004和温差发电模块001之间通过调整杆002连接，所述调整杆002的下端通过轴转动连接于温差发电模块001的壳体顶面，所述调整杆002的上端通过轴转动连接于安装顶板004的内表面，同时所述调整杆002沿自身长度方向能够进行伸缩调整，从而所述发光单元003的照射方位能够进行自由的调整，可通过调整安装顶板004与调整杆002以及调整杆002与温差发电模块001之间的夹角来调整发光单元003的照射角度，通过伸缩调整杆002的长度来调整发光单元003的照射高度。在安装顶板004内部设置有控制电路部分，包括对发光单元003的发光控制，该控制电路部分通过穿设于调整杆002内部的导线电性连接温差发电模块001的电能输出端，并利用温差发电模块001的电能驱动发光单元照明。
为使本发明所述的温差发电照明装置能够真正的满足市场实用需求，以下对本发明创新设计的各个部分进行详细的描述。
首先温差发电模块001的内部结构如附图3-附图5所示，整体包括散热单元100、温差发电片组110、供热箱120和燃烧室130，其中温差发电片组110基于温差进行发电，是本发明所述发光单元的主要电能来源，现有技术中的温差发电片多采用单一半导体材料温差片，能够适应的温差范围很有限，发电效率普遍较低，几乎难以达到实用化程度。本发明通过创新设计和无数次的试验研究，提出一种层叠组合的温差发电片组110，其在温度较高、温差较大的位置设置高温温差发电材料，在温度较低的位置设置中低温温差发电材料，紧贴热端的温度最大、紧贴冷端的位置温度最小，因此本发明的温差发电片组110自接触散热片的冷端到接触供热单元的热端依次设置多层不同材质的温差发电片，其中靠近冷端设置在0～300摄氏度范围内具有较高品质因数的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差片，其属于较好的低温温差发电材料，在Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片之后设置在300到600摄氏度范围内具有较高品质因数的中温温差发电材料，具体的设置PbTe、PbTe与SnTe、PbSe固溶体、GeTe或AgSbTe2等材料制作的温差发电片，在靠近热端的位置设置600摄氏度以上的高温发电材料如Ge-Si合金和/或MnTe制作的温差发电片，形成层叠结构，因各种材料具备不同的温差极限值，本发明根据冷热端温度场模拟的结果，针对不同位置的不同温度值选择适合该温度工作的温差发电材料，使得冷热端之间整个温度场都具有较高的温差发电品质因数。通过试验以下结构的温差发电片组具有30%以上的温差发电效率，上述温差发电片组110可使用其中任何之一：
自冷端至热端依次层叠组成为：
（1）、“5mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3”+“3mm厚的PbTe”+“3mm厚的PbSe固溶体”+“8mm厚的Ge-Si合金”；
（2）“5mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3”+“5mm厚的PbTe与SnTe”+“8mm厚的Ge-Si合金”；
（3）“5mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3”+“3mm厚的PbSe固溶体”+“3mm厚的AgSbTe2”+“6mm厚的Ge-Si合金”+“3mm厚的MnTe”；
（4）“4mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3”+“3mm厚的GeTe”+“3mm厚的AgSbTe2”+“4mm厚的Ge-Si合金”+“5mm厚的MnTe”；
（5）“5mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3”+“3mm厚的PbSe固溶体”+“3mm厚的AgSbTe2”+“6mm厚的MnTe”。
本发明所述的温差发电片组110整体可为长方体结构，厚度约20mm，各层温差发电片利用温差产生的电能经内部线路串联叠加后通过调整杆内部的导线向安装顶板内的控制电路部分输送。
所述温差发电片组110的散热冷端紧贴散热单元100，所述的散热单元100如附图3所示，包括主散热片101、微散热片102、散热侧壁103、叶轮104和散热基座105；所述散热基座105向上垂直延伸形成所述散热侧壁103，所述散热侧壁103的外侧紧贴温差发电片组110，内侧垂直延伸形成所述主散热片101，使得整个散热单元100呈现梳状结构，同时在所述散热基座105内形成冷却液箱，在所述主散热片101和散热侧壁103内形成相互连通的冷却液通道并连通散热基座105内的冷却液箱，其中的冷却液为重铬酸钾和/或硫酸钾制成的导热速度快、热膨胀系数小的超导冷却液，制作时将这种超导冷却液注入散热单元内并抽真空处理，这样散热单元产生的热量，尤其是散热侧壁带来的热量便迅速通过超导冷却液传导至各散热片，大幅的提高了散热速度和效率，并且由于超导冷却液的热膨胀系数小不会产生过压安全隐患。为了进一步提高散热效率，在上述散热基座105的冷却液箱中设置有旋转叶轮104，通过该叶轮104的转动可带动冷却液的循环，优选的该叶轮104以手工机械拧动的方式进行旋转，其旋拧端突出于温差发动模块001的壳体外，使得用户可以根据照明情况自行拧动该旋拧端以使叶轮旋转、加速冷却液循环提高散热效果。可选择的，该叶轮104也可通过温差发电片组产生的电能带动。进一步的所述主散热片101、散热基座105以及散热侧壁103紧贴温差发电片组110以外的表面上设置有微散热片102，所述为微散热片102将冷却液传导至主散热片的热量进一步传导至外界环境，这种为微散热片可采用中间加有毛细纤维管的散热材料制作。上述整个散热单元可采用铜、铝等高导热材料制作，尤其其中的主散热片每片厚度在8-15mm，优选10-12mm，相互间隔8-15mm，优选10mm，其中的微散热片每片厚度在0.5-2mm，优选0.8-1.5mm，相互间隔1.5-3mm，优选2.5mm，并在其中加工有毛细纤维管。通过试验上述结构尺寸的散热单元在满足本发明上述照明装置小型便携化的要求下具有比较理想的的散热效果。
所述温差发电片组110的热端紧贴供热箱120，所述供热箱120，如附图3所示，包括铜壁121、水箱122、绝热壁123、排气孔124、连接滑槽125和铜座126，所述的供热箱120整体为长方箱体结构，在其靠近温差发电片组110的一侧形成厚度在20mm以上的铜壁121，铜壁121的下部一体向外垂直延伸出铜座126，所述铜座126的厚度在20mm以下，从而利用铜的高效导热性能，向温差发电片组110及时快速的传递热量，在铜壁121的另一侧以及铜座126的上侧设置有水箱122，用于储存水，以利用水的高比热性能储存热量，所述水箱122的顶部和外部侧壁采用绝热材料制成绝热壁123，也就是说整个水箱的底部和靠近温差发电片组110的侧部采样铜材料制作，水箱122的其他侧壁以及顶部均采用绝热材料制做，使得其中的热量不易散失，铜和绝热材料相互嵌合保证水箱处于密闭状态。为平衡蒸汽压力，在水箱122顶部的绝热壁123中开设有排气孔124，在该排气孔124中设置有只允许蒸汽排出而液态水无法倒出的蒸汽塞。在所述铜座126的两侧开设有连接滑槽125，以便于供热箱120与燃烧室130之间的紧密连接，所铜座126前侧表面设置有连接磁块，以与燃烧室顶部的磁吸块131相吸，使得燃烧室紧密的结合于供热箱120下部，为其提供热量来源。
在所述供热箱120的下部设置有燃烧室130，所述燃烧室130具有同供热箱类似的长方箱体结构，在所述箱体底部设置有固定板135，所述固定板135上开设有若干固定孔，所述固定孔的大小与常用燃烧蜡烛、酒精灯等（以下以蜡烛为例）的大小匹配，使用时通过将蜡烛的底部放置于该固定孔内使得蜡烛能够固定于燃烧室的箱体内，可在所述固定板135上自温差发电片组110一侧起开设若干排固定孔，并且其中正对供热箱铜壁121的一排固定孔的数量要较密一些。在燃烧室的箱体上部靠近开口处设置有火焰控制片136，所述火焰控制片136的结构如附图4所示，包括伸缩片137和调节杆139，所述伸缩片137由叠层的覆盖片组成，并通过连杆传动机构连接于调节杆139，通过操作拧动调节杆139能够实现对伸缩片137的宽度伸缩调整，从而使各伸缩片之间的开口区域138的宽度发生变化，而这种开口区域正对固定孔即正对蜡烛火苗，从而通过拧动调节杆139来使伸缩片发生横向宽度变化，进而使得正对蜡烛火苗的开口区域138的宽度发生变化，从而能够有效的对蜡烛的火焰大小进行调整，实现了对燃烧室提供的热能的调节控制，另外当不需要继续提供热量时，仅需将调节杆拧到最大（伸缩片伸缩到最大），使得火苗出口138被完全闭合即可实现，因此本发明创新的提出的这种火焰控制片136即可方便的实现了对燃烧室内热量供应大小的调节控制。在所述燃烧室箱体的两侧壁顶端设置有连接凸棱132，所述的连接凸棱132能够嵌入供热箱铜座两侧的连接滑槽125中，从而将燃烧室固定连接于供热箱的下方，并且在燃烧室箱体端壁的顶部设置有磁吸块131，该磁吸块131与铜座126前侧表面的连接磁块位置对应，使得燃烧室通过连接凸棱132嵌入供热箱连接滑槽125中并向前滑行推进到正对位置时，该磁吸块131与连接磁块相吸附，使得燃烧室紧密的固定连接于供热箱，同时燃烧室内的蜡烛火焰正对供热箱的铜座，为其提供燃烧热量。所述燃烧室靠近温差发电片组110的侧壁采用绝热材料制作形成绝热侧壁133，以减小燃烧室的热量向散热单元传导，所述燃烧室的其他侧壁上均开设有氧气供应通孔。
附图5给出本发明所述温差发电模块001中的上述散热单元100、温差发电片组110、供热箱120和燃烧室130组装在一起的结构示意图，如图所示散热单元100紧贴温差发电片组的散热冷端设置，温差发电片组的热端紧贴供热箱120的铜壁121设置，供热箱120下部连接有燃烧室130，工作时燃烧室内的蜡烛燃烧，并经火苗控制片136后供热箱的铜座126加热，大部分热量直接传导至与铜座一体设置的铜壁121，多余的热量经铜座传导至水箱122并存储于其中的水中，而铜壁121的热量及时的传导至温差发电片组的热端，同时散热单元工作，其借助超导冷却液及时将温差发电片组冷端的热量散失，从而在温差发电片组中形成较大且稳定的温差分布，借助温差发电将这种温差分布转换为电能输出。
所述温差发电模块001产生的电能通过导线向上输出，这种导线穿置于调整杆002的杆内空腔。所述的调整杆002将安装顶板004与温差发电模块001可调节的连接在一起，本发明通过创新设计调节杆，通过非常便捷简单的方法即可实现对发光单元照射方位的调整，具体的所述调整杆002包括主杆201和伸缩杆202，如附图6所示，伸缩杆202伸缩与主杆201内，所述主杆201的底端通过转轴连接于温差发电模块的壳体顶面，参见附图2，使得主杆201能够进行转动角度调整，靠近所述主杆201的开口端侧壁设置有对伸缩杆202的紧锁装置，所述紧锁装置包括主杆上开设的缺口203、压杆204、弹簧205、三角支座206和压柄207，所述三角支座206固定于主杆外侧壁靠近缺口的位置，所述压杆204顶部包括垂直深入缺口203内的压块，所述压杆204的中部转动连接于所述三角支座206上，所述压杆204尾部形成便于按压的压柄207，所述缺口203与三角支座206之间设置有所述弹簧205，所述弹簧205两端固定于压杆204和主杆201外侧壁，使压杆的压块穿过缺口203弹性的压于主杆之内的伸缩杆202之上，将伸缩杆202紧锁于主杆内的特定位置。当需要进行调整杆伸缩时，通过按压压柄207，使得压杆204绕三角支座206转动，压杆204的端部压块便从缺口203中伸出，进而伸缩杆202能够在主杆201内自由的进行伸缩调整。所述伸缩杆202的顶端通过转轴连接于安装顶板004的内表面，使得安装顶板004能够相对于调整杆进行角度转动调节，所述调整杆优选设置相互平行的两根，如附图2所示。
所述安装顶板004的内表面安装有一个或多个发光单元003，所述发光单元003的结构如附图7所示，具体包括反光杯301、聚光镜302、灯罩303、温差发电片304、散热翅片305、LED306和安装翅片307，其中所述反光杯301的底部设有LED的安装台阶，安装台阶的底部中心设有导线孔308，在所述反光杯301的内壁镀有反光薄膜，且在所述反光杯内壁靠近LED306的位置沿周向开设有楔形槽，用于安装聚光镜302，所述聚光镜302中部为聚光透镜结构，采用透明树脂制作，外周形成可压缩的弹性凸缘结构，在安装时通过将聚光镜302外周的凸缘弹性按入反光杯内壁的楔形槽中而将聚光镜302固定于反光杯内壁，所述LED位于聚光镜的焦点位置附近，从而通过聚光镜将LED点光源发出的光转换为平行光输出。所述反光杯301采样铝材制作，并在其杯壁内部设置有温差发电片304，所述温差发电片304的形状与反光杯相似，采样3-5mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片，并在底部中央开设有通孔供导线孔308使用，所述温差发电片304靠近反光杯内壁的一侧作为其温差发电的热端，其吸收了反光杯反光壁面以及LED光源散发的热量，温差发电片304的外侧作为其温差发电的冷端，其靠近反光杯的外壁面，所述反光杯的外壁面上设置有若干散热翅片305，通过这些散热翅片在带走反光杯热量的同时降低了温差发电片304外侧的温度，从而在温差发电片304中形成冷热温差，其基于温差产生的电能通过导线孔引出至安装顶板内，所述的散热翅片305在反光杯外表面以螺旋形式布置，所述反光杯301的杯口安装有透明的灯罩303，所述灯罩303的周缘内侧设有螺旋槽，该螺旋槽与反光杯外表面的螺旋散热翅片305进行螺接，从而将灯罩303安装于反光杯301上，这种创新设计方式非常方便灯罩的安装。在所述反光杯301的底部设置有安装翅片307，该安装翅片307既作为了反光杯自身的散热翅片，同时又作为了反光杯在安装顶板004上的安装部件，具体的在安装顶板004内表面对应于发光单元的安装位置设置有与安装翅片307间缝相对应的凸片，通过将这种凸片插入安装翅片307的间缝中并借助横向螺钉贯穿安装翅片307和凸片而将发光单元安装于安装顶板内表面。本发明根据实际使用试验，创新性的提出在反光杯中也设置温差发电片304，有效地利用了发光单元部分的热能，其产生的电量虽然不大，但是对于本发明所设计的无需外接电源的便携式照明装置而却很有用，温差发电片304产生的电能通过导线导至安装顶板。
所述安装顶板004的内部设置有相关的控制电路，至少包括温差发电模块001和发光单元003产生的电能控制电路和发光单元中LED的发光驱动电路，所述的电能控制电路向LED提供发光驱动电能，并包括选择切换开关，因为电能控制电路中包括来源于温差发电模块001中的电源和来源于发光单元003中的电源，本发明创新的提出在温差发电LED照明中使用这两种电源的串并联切换技术，也就是说上述电能控制电路中包括选择切换开关，通过该开关能够实现温差发电模块001发电电源与发光单元003发电电源之间的串联和并联切换，当需要本发明所述的便携式照明装置提供更持久的照明时，选择将温差发电模块001发电电源与发光单元003发电电源进行并联连接切换，当需要本发明所述的便携式照明装置提供更高亮度的照明时，选择将温差发电模块001发电电源与发光单元003发电电源进行串联连接切换，通过电能控制电路向LED发光驱动电路提供电能，LED发光驱动电路通过导线经导线孔308连接于反光杯内的LED点光源，当然所述电能控制电路中亦可设置能将温差发电进行存储的蓄电模块以及基于USB进行充电的蓄电模块。
本发明所述的便携式温差发电照明装置在不使用外接电源的情况下，将蜡烛、酒精灯的燃烧热能转换为电能提供给LED进行发光驱动，这种照明装置非常适用于在野外的露宿照明，即克服了现有照明装置对电池电源或交流电源的依赖，又有效利用了LED的高亮度发光特性，同时使用携带非常便携，具有非常广阔的市场前景。正如背景技术中所述的，温差发电技术早已产生，但是其均难以形成市场实用化产品，本发明结合长期的实践研究，从温差发电材料及结构设置、散热及加热结构设置、发光设置等方面均进行了创新，进而使得温差发电照明装置真正能够实现市场实用化推广使用。
以上仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行了描述，并不将本发明的技术方案限制于此，本领域技术人员在本发明的主要技术构思的基础上所作的任何公知变形都属于本发明所要保护的技术范畴，本发明具体的保护范围以权利要求书的记载为准。

Claims (13)

1、 一种温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，包括温差发电模块（001）、调整杆（002）、发光单元（003）和安装顶板（004），所述发光单元（003）安装于安装顶板（004）表面，安装顶板（004）和温差发电模块（001）之间通过调整杆（002）连接，所述温差发电模块（001）包括散热单元（100）、温差发电片组（110）、供热箱（120）和燃烧室（130），所述温差发电片组（110）基于冷热端之间的温差进行发电，并采用层叠组合结构，自冷端到热端依次设置分别工作于不同温度范围内的温差发电材质形成多层结构，所述温差发电片组（110）的冷端紧贴散热单元（100），所述温差发电片组（110）的热端紧贴供热箱（120），所述供热箱（120）的下部连接所述燃烧室（130）。
2、 根据权利要求1所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述温差发电片组（110）在其冷端设置于0～300摄氏度范围内具有较高品质因数的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片，在Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片之后设置在300到600摄氏度范围内具有较高品质因数的PbTe、PbTe与SnTe、PbSe固溶体、GeTe和/或AgSbTe2温差发电片，在其热端设置于600摄氏度以上具有高品质因数的Ge-Si合金和/或MnTe温差发电片。
3、 根据权利要求1或2所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述温差发电片组（110）由温差发电效率在30%以上的下述之一构成：（1）5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚PbTe/3mm厚PbSe固溶体/8mm厚Ge-Si合金；（2）5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/5mm厚PbTe与SnTe/8mm厚Ge-Si合金；（3）5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚PbSe固溶体/3mm厚AgSbTe2/6mm厚Ge-Si合金/3mm厚MnTe；（4）4mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚GeTe/3mm厚AgSbTe2/4mm厚Ge-Si合金/5mm厚MnTe；（5）5mm厚Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3/3mm厚PbSe固溶体/3mm厚AgSbTe2/6mm厚MnTe。
4、 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述散热单元（100）包括主散热片（101）、微散热片（102）、散热侧壁（103）、叶轮（104）和散热基座（105）；所述散热基座（105）向上垂直延伸形成所述散热侧壁（103），所述散热侧壁（103）的外侧紧贴温差发电片组（110），内侧垂直延伸形成所述主散热片（101），所述散热单元（100）整体呈梳状结构，所述散热基座（105）内形成冷却液箱，所述主散热片（101）和散热侧壁（103）内形成相互连通的冷却液通道并连通散热基座（105）内的冷却液箱，冷却液箱中的冷却液为重铬酸钾和/或硫酸钾制成的超导冷却液，所述叶轮（104）设置于散热基座（105）的冷却液箱中，所述主散热片（101）、散热基座（105）以及散热侧壁（103）紧贴温差发电片组（110）以外的表面上设置有所述微散热片（102）。
5、 根据权利要求4所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述微散热片（102）采用中间加有毛细纤维管的散热材料制作，所述散热单元（100）采用铜或铝制作，所述主散热片（101）每片厚度为8-15mm，相互间隔8-15mm，所述微散热片（102）每片厚度为0.5-2mm，相互间隔1.5-3mm。
6、 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述供热箱（120）包括铜壁（121）、水箱（122）、绝热壁（123）、排气孔（124）、连接滑槽（125）、铜座（126）和连接磁块（127），所述供热箱（120）整体为长方箱体结构，在靠近温差发电片组（110）的一侧形成厚度在20mm以上的所述铜壁（121），所述铜壁（121）的下部一体向外垂直延伸出所述铜座（126），所述铜座（126）的厚度在20mm以下，所述铜壁（121）和铜座（126）作为所述水箱（122）的两个壁面，所述水箱（122）的其他壁面由所述绝热壁（123）形成，所述水箱（122）顶部的绝热壁（123）中开设有排气孔（124），所述铜座（126）的两侧开设有连接滑槽（125），所述铜座（126）的前侧表面设置有连接磁块（127）。
7、 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述燃烧室（130）具有长方箱体结构，在箱体底部设置有固定板（135），所述固定板（135）上开设有若干燃烧热源定位孔，在箱体上部靠近开口处设置有火焰控制片（136），所述火焰控制片（136）用于对固定板内定位的燃烧热源的火焰大小进行调整，在箱体两侧壁顶端设置有连接凸棱（132），通过所述连接凸棱（132）嵌入所述供热箱对应的连接滑槽（125）中而将所述燃烧室固定连接于供热箱下方，在箱体端壁的顶部设置有磁吸块（131），通过所述磁吸块（131）与供热箱对应的连接磁块（127）相吸附，使所述燃烧室与所述供热箱对准连接，所述燃烧室靠近温差发电片组（110）的箱体侧壁形成绝热侧壁（133），所述燃烧室的其他箱体侧壁上开设有氧气供应孔。
8、 根据权利要求7所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述火焰控制片（136）包括伸缩片（137）和调节杆（139），所述伸缩片（137）由叠层的覆盖片组成，并通过连杆传动机构连接于所述调节杆（139），通过操作调节杆（139）能够调整伸缩片（137）的伸缩宽度，进而改变各伸缩片之间的火苗出口（138）大小，且所述火苗出口（138）始终正对所述定位孔。
9、 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述调整杆（002）包括主杆（201）和伸缩杆（202），所述伸缩杆（202）伸缩于主杆（201）内，所述主杆（201）的底端通过转轴连接于温差发电模块的壳体顶面，所述伸缩杆（202）的顶端通过转轴连接于所述安装顶板（004）的内表面，通过调节安装顶板（004）与调整杆（002）之间以及调整杆（002）与温差发电模块之间的夹角来调整发光单元（003）的照射角度，所述主杆（201）的开口端侧壁设置有伸缩杆（202）伸缩移动的紧锁装置。
10、 根据权利要求9所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述紧锁装置包括主杆（201）上开设的缺口（203）、压杆（204）、弹簧（205）、三角支座（206）和压柄（207），所述三角支座（206）固定于主杆外侧壁靠近缺口（203）的位置，所述压杆（204）顶部包括垂直深入缺口（203）内的压块，所述压杆（204）的中部转动连接于所述三角支座（206）上，所述压杆（204）尾部形成便于按压的压柄（207），所述缺口（203）与所述三角支座（206）之间设置有所述弹簧（205），所述弹簧（205）两端分别固定于所述压杆（204）和主杆（201）外侧壁，使压杆的压块穿过缺口（203）弹性按压于主杆之内的伸缩杆（202）之上，将伸缩杆（202）紧锁于主杆内。
11、 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述发光单元（003）包括反光杯（301）、聚光镜（302）、灯罩（303）、温差发电片（304）、散热翅片（305）、LED（306）和安装翅片（307），所述反光杯（301）的底部设有LED（306）的安装台阶，安装台阶的底部中心设有导线孔（308），所述反光杯（301）的内壁镀有反光薄膜，所述反光杯的内壁靠近LED（306）的位置沿周向开设有楔形槽，所述聚光镜（302）中部为聚光透镜结构，外周形成可压缩的弹性凸缘结构，并通过该凸缘嵌入楔形槽中而将聚光镜（302）固定于反光杯（301）的内壁，所述反光杯（301）的杯壁内部设置有上述温差发电片（304），所述温差发电片（304）采用3-5mm厚的Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3温差发电片，并在底部中央开设有导线通孔，所述LED（306）下表面接触于所述温差发电片（304），所述反光杯（301）的外表面上以螺旋形式布置有若干散热翅片（305），所述灯罩（303）的周缘内侧设有螺旋槽，所述螺旋槽与反光杯外表面上的螺旋状散热翅片螺接，从而将灯罩（303）安装于反光杯（301）上，所述反光杯（301）的底部设置有安装翅片（307）。
12、 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述安装顶板（004）的内部设置有对温差发电模块（001）和发光单元（003）产生的电能进行控制的电能控制电路以及发光单元中LED的发光驱动电路，所述电能控制电路包括选择切换开关，所述选择切换开关能够实现温差发电模块（001）发电电源与发光单元（003）发电电源之间的串联和并联切换。
13、 根据权利要求12所述的温差发电照明装置，其特征在于，所述电能控制电路进一步包括外接USB插口的蓄电模块，所述蓄电模块能够自动存储内部的温差发电电能，并能够通过USB插口利用外部电源充电。
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