WO2013133421A1 - 炭素繊維束及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素繊維束及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013133421A1 WO2013133421A1 PCT/JP2013/056499 JP2013056499W WO2013133421A1 WO 2013133421 A1 WO2013133421 A1 WO 2013133421A1 JP 2013056499 W JP2013056499 W JP 2013056499W WO 2013133421 A1 WO2013133421 A1 WO 2013133421A1
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- carbon fiber
- fiber bundle
- resin
- polyamide resin
- sizing agent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D177/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/14—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with organic compounds, e.g. macromolecular compounds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
- D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon fiber bundle, and more particularly to a carbon fiber bundle used for reinforcing a composite material, a method for producing the carbon fiber bundle, and a composite obtained from the carbon fiber bundle.
- Carbon fiber is one of the materials that are used in many applications as a composite material with a resin because the strength of the resin is increased and at the same time the resin buffers the brittle fracture of the carbon fiber.
- this carbon fiber is usually used in fiber bundles composed of a large number of filaments, and because of its low elongation, fluff is generated due to mechanical friction during the process, or filament fibers are cut. There was a problem that it was easy to be done. Therefore, when using carbon fiber, in order to improve the handleability of the carbon fiber bundle, it is generally performed to apply a sizing agent to the surface of the carbon fiber.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method using an epoxy resin-based sizing agent in order to improve the interfacial adhesive strength.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of applying an acid-modified polyolefin-based sizing agent when a thermoplastic resin polypropylene is used as a matrix resin.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of attaching a water-soluble polyamide resin to carbon fibers.
- this method is inevitably high in hygroscopicity after sizing because the polyamide resin is water-soluble, and cannot be used for applications in which a fiber bundle is passed through a long process.
- the chopped yarn was immediately impregnated with the resin, and the specification was limited to a form of resin pellets that can be easily dried.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber bundle excellent in adhesiveness with a matrix resin and excellent in handleability, and a carbon fiber product comprising the same. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber bundle in which the sizing agent is less likely to fall off the carbon fiber bundle in the processing step, and a carbon fiber product using the carbon fiber bundle.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is a carbon fiber bundle in which a sizing agent adheres to the surface, the carbon fiber bundle includes a plurality of carbon fibers, the sizing agent contains a copolymerized polyamide resin,
- the copolymerized polyamide resin includes the following repeating unit (A) and at least one of the repeating unit (B) and the repeating unit (C), and the melting point of the copolymerized polyamide resin is 180 ° C. or less. .
- (A)-[NH (CH 2 ) m CO]-m integer of 6 to 20
- the ratio of the repeating unit (A) in the copolymerized polyamide resin is preferably 30% by weight or more.
- the proportion of the repeating unit (A) in the copolymerized polyamide resin is preferably 40 to 90% by weight, and the total proportion of the repeating unit (B) and the repeating unit (C) is preferably 10 to 60% by weight.
- the melting point of the copolymerized polyamide resin is preferably 60 to 160 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of the copolymerized polyamide resin is preferably ⁇ 20 to 50 ° C.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymerized polyamide is preferably 1000 to 50000.
- resin bunches having a major axis of less than 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 10 nm or more are scattered on the surface of the carbon fibers constituting the carbon fiber bundle. It is preferable that a resin having a thickness of less than 10 nm covers an area of 60% or more of the surface of the carbon fiber constituting the carbon fiber bundle. And it is preferable that the carbon fiber of this invention is a tape form whose width
- the method for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is a method for producing a carbon fiber bundle in which a sizing liquid is applied to a carbon fiber bundle and dried, the sizing liquid containing a copolymerized polyamide resin, and the copolymerized polyamide resin is It contains the following repeating unit (A) and at least one of the repeating unit (B) and the repeating unit (C), and the copolymer polyamide resin has a melting point of 180 ° C. or lower.
- A)-[NH (CH 2 ) m CO]-m integer of 6 to 20
- the drying temperature in the method for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is equal to or higher than the melting point of the copolymerized polyamide resin.
- the method for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention it is preferable to perform a fiber opening treatment after drying.
- the 50% cumulative particle diameter D 50 of the copolymerized polyamide resin is preferably 0.25 ⁇ m or more.
- the sizing liquid preferably integrated 50% particle diameter D 50 contains 0.25 ⁇ m particles less than.
- the manufacturing method of the carbon fiber of this invention performs a pressurizing process after drying, and also the pressurizing process is located between two support bodies and the one or more support bodies. More preferably, the temperature of the carbon fiber bundle during the pressure treatment is equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the copolymerized polyamide resin.
- the present invention includes a carbon fiber product obtained by opening the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention, a random mat including discontinuous fibers cut from the carbon fiber bundle, and the carbon fiber bundle and a matrix resin.
- the invention relates to a composite material and a method for producing a carbon fiber bundle.
- the present invention provides a carbon fiber bundle excellent in adhesiveness with a matrix resin and excellent in handleability, and a carbon fiber product obtained from the carbon fiber bundle. Furthermore, the present invention provides a carbon fiber bundle in which the sizing agent is less likely to fall off the carbon fiber bundle in the processing step, and a carbon fiber product using the carbon fiber bundle.
- the present invention is a carbon fiber bundle in which a sizing agent is attached to the surface, and the sizing agent is a carbon fiber bundle containing a copolymerized polyamide resin.
- the copolymerized polyamide resin in the sizing agent contains the following repeating unit (A) and at least one of the repeating unit (B) and the repeating unit (C), and the copolymer It is essential that the melting point of the polyamide resin is 180 ° C. or lower.
- A)-[NH (CH 2 ) m CO]-m integer of 6 to 20
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is characterized in that the sizing agent is less likely to fall out of the carbon fiber bundle when the fiber bundle is opened to obtain a product.
- the carbon fiber bundle is preferably wider than the thickness, has a tape-like shape, and has a shape of a fiber bundle that is easy to open and divide, from the viewpoint of more effective effects of the present invention.
- Such a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention has excellent handleability in the subsequent steps in addition to improving the physical properties of the obtained product.
- the fiber opening step is a step of widening the fiber bundle, but it is also one of the preferred embodiments that the fiber bundle is split and split into small fiber bundles together with the widening. is there.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is characterized by a very small dropout rate of the sizing agent in the opening process.
- the drop-off rate of the sizing agent in the fiber opening process is measured using, for example, a fiber bundle obtained by cutting a carbon fiber bundle having a width of 8 to 12 mm and a thickness of 0.130 to 0.200 mm into a length of 5 to 100 mm. Can do. Then, this wide tape-like carbon fiber bundle is introduced into a tapered tube having a carbon fiber inlet diameter of 20 mm, an outlet diameter of 55 mm, and a pipe length of 400 mm from the inlet to the outlet.
- the weight ratio at which the sizing agent drops off from the carbon fiber bundle can be measured.
- the dropping rate of the carbon fiber bundle can be evaluated by the weight change before and after the compressed air is blown against the carbon fiber bundle.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention preferably has a dropout rate of 10% or less, more preferably 5%, when the carbon fiber bundle is opened to obtain a product. % Or less is preferable.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention has a sizing agent attached to the surface, and the sizing agent contains a copolymerized polyamide resin.
- the copolymerization polyamide resin which comprises the sizing agent used in this invention is the following repeating unit (A), repeating unit (B), and repeating unit ( C) and at least one of them.
- A)-[NH (CH 2 ) m CO]-m integer of 6 to 20
- the repeating unit (A) can be obtained by using, for example, aminocarboxylic acid or cyclic lactam when copolymerizing polyamide.
- aminocarboxylic acid include 7-aminoheptanoic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid ( ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid) and 12-aminolauric acid (12-aminododecanoic acid).
- Specific examples of the cyclic lactam include ⁇ -heptalactam and ⁇ -lauric lactam.
- the number “m” of (CH 2 ) in the repeating unit is “an integer of 6 to 20”. As the number “m” of (CH 2 ) in this repeating unit is larger, the physical strength is increased and the impact resistance is improved. When “m” is large, there is an effect of lowering the melting point of the sizing agent.
- the sizing agent used in the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention has a lower melting point, which is more effective when the sizing agent is melt-bonded to the surface of each single fiber constituting the carbon fiber bundle by a drying process or the like.
- the glass transition temperature tends to be low, and the sizing agent attached to the carbon fiber tends to have adhesive properties. The handling property in the subsequent process tends to be lowered.
- the value of m is too large, the synthesis becomes difficult, and it becomes an economically expensive agent.
- the number m is small. If the water absorption of the sizing agent is too high, when a carbon fiber bundle is impregnated with a matrix resin to make a composite material, it tends to cause gas generation and hydrolysis of the matrix resin, which tends to decrease the mechanical strength of the composite material. It is in. Therefore, the numerical value of the number “m” of (CH 2 ) in this repeating unit is further preferably “8 to 15”, particularly preferably “10 to 13”, and most preferably “11 or 12”. It is.
- the polyamide of the repeating unit (A) may be used alone or in plural, and 11-nylon and 12-nylon are particularly preferred as specific examples.
- the copolymerized polyamide resin used in the present invention has one of the repeating unit (B) and the repeating unit (C) together with the repeating unit (A). Furthermore, it is preferable that it has both a repeating unit (B) and a repeating unit (C).
- the repeating unit (B) corresponds to so-called 6,6 nylon.
- the repeating unit (C) corresponds to so-called 6 nylon.
- copolymerizing for example, it can be obtained by using ⁇ -caprolactam as a raw material.
- copolymerized polyamide used in the present invention are composed of monomers 11-nylon and 12-nylon as component (A), 66-nylon as component (B), and 6-nylon as component (C). Particularly preferred are those made of the copolymerized polyamide. Moreover, although these polymers or copolymers which have these components can be used independently, 2 or more types of mixtures may be sufficient.
- the composition ratio of the repeating unit (A), the repeating unit (B) and / or the repeating unit (C) is not particularly limited, but in the present invention, at least one of the repeating units (A) and the repeating unit (B ) And at least one of the repeating units (C) as a constituent unit is required to be used.
- the repeating unit (A) is copolymerized by 30% by weight or more of the total weight. Further, it is preferably 40 to 90% by weight copolymerized. If the number of repeating units (A) is too small, the melting point of the copolymerized polyamide becomes too high, and the adhesion between the carbon fibers and the matrix resin tends to be lowered.
- the copolymerization amount of the repeating unit (A) is preferably 50 to 80% by weight, preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 65 to 75% by weight.
- the repeating components (B) and (C) may be used. It is preferable to contain both.
- the content is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably in the range of 10 to 60% by weight, as a total ratio of the repeating unit (B) or the repeating unit (C). If the amount is small, other polyamide components may be contained, but the total content of each component of the repeating units (A), (B), and (C) is 80% by weight or more, particularly 100% by weight. It is preferable that
- the melting point of the copolymerized polyamide used in the present invention is required to be 180 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 160 ° C. or lower. In particular, a low melting point of 60 ° C to 140 ° C is preferable. If the melting point is too low, the physical properties of the final composite material are reduced. On the other hand, if the melting point is too high, it becomes difficult to melt the components of the sizing agent on the fibers constituting the fiber bundle, and the effects of the present invention are not sufficiently exhibited. In particular, when the melting point is 140 ° C. or lower, the sizing agent can be melted on the monofilament by a normal heat treatment of about 150 ° C., and the physical properties are improved and the productivity is improved.
- the glass transition temperature of the copolymerized polyamide resin used in the present invention is preferably ⁇ 20 to 50 ° C. Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 20 degreeC or more and 40 degrees C or less. In this way, by keeping the glass transition temperature low and appropriately selecting the drying conditions etc., the sizing agent is adhered in a form that improves the adhesion and handling properties on the fibers constituting the carbon fiber bundle. Can do it.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymerized polyamide used in the present invention is preferably 1000 to 50000. Further, it is particularly preferably 2000 to 10,000. By increasing the molecular weight, the physical properties of the composite material can be easily improved. However, if the molecular weight is too large, the compatibility with the matrix resin tends to be reduced, causing problems in terms of interfacial delamination, and the physical properties when finally made into a composite material tend to be reduced.
- the sizing agent used in the present invention may contain other components in addition to the above-mentioned copolymerized polyamide resin, as long as the amount is small, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- a carboxylic acid salt is preferably included in the sizing agent in addition to the copolymerized polyamide for the purpose of improving adhesion to carbon fibers.
- carboxylic acid salt examples include fatty acid ammonium salts such as ammonium laurate, ammonium oleate and ammonium stearate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic acid ammonium salts such as ammonium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether acetate; N-lauroyl -N-acylamino acid ammonium salts such as N-methyl- ⁇ -alanine ammonium and N-lauroyl-N-methylglycine ammonium; ethylene such as ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer ammonium salt and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer ammonium salt - ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer ammonium salt; other, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer ammonium salt, isobutylene-maleic anhydride ammonium salt, polyacrylic acid ammonium salt, Riakuriru acid - acrylic ester copolymer ammonium salt,
- an ammonium salt of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer is preferably used.
- the modified amount of acrylic acid is preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 5 to 50% by weight, and particularly preferably 15 to 30% by weight.
- the neutralization degree of the ammonium salt with ammonia is preferably 0.05 or more, and particularly preferably about 0.5 to 0.9. If the degree of neutralization is too small, the stability of the emulsion may be poor, and if too much, the dispersibility may decrease.
- carboxylic acid salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the sizing agent used in the present invention is preferably a mixture comprising 0.01 to 50 parts by weight of a carboxylic acid salt with respect to 99.99 to 50 parts by weight of the copolyamide. More preferably, a mixture comprising 99.9 to 70 parts by weight of the copolyamide and 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a carboxylic acid salt is used.
- the mixing ratio of the carboxylic acid salt is 0.01 parts by weight or more, the effect of improving the adhesion tends to be exhibited. Further, if it is 50 parts by weight or less, the inherent performance of the copolymerized polyamide resin tends to be exhibited easily.
- the sizing agent may contain a surfactant as long as it is in a trace amount, but it is preferable to use a small amount because it tends to inhibit adhesiveness.
- a surfactant contained a low molecular weight nonionic surfactant is preferable.
- the boiling point is preferably less than 200 ° C., more preferably less than 150 ° C.
- the surfactant is used to stabilize the sizing agent component in the sizing treatment liquid.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is obtained by attaching a sizing agent containing a copolymerized polyamide resin as described above to the surface of the carbon fiber bundle.
- the carbon fiber bundle in the present invention needs to be a bundle of a plurality of single fibers made of carbon fibers.
- any carbon fiber such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), petroleum / coal pitch, rayon, and lignin can be used.
- PAN-based carbon fibers using PAN as a raw material are preferable because they are excellent in productivity and mechanical properties on an industrial scale.
- the average diameter of the carbon fiber is preferably 3 to 12 ⁇ m. A more preferable average diameter range is 5 to 10 ⁇ m. If the average diameter of the carbon fibers is too small, it is necessary to increase the total number of fibers in order to obtain the same reinforcing effect. As a result, the fiber component becomes bulky and the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite material is reduced. In some cases, it is difficult to obtain a composite material having excellent mechanical strength.
- the carbon fiber of the present invention is a rigid inorganic fiber, and this tendency is particularly remarkable. On the other hand, if the average diameter of the carbon fibers is too large, it tends to be difficult to ensure sufficient fiber strength. Further, the flame resistance or infusibilization treatment of the carbon fiber precursor fiber cannot be sufficiently completed, and the mechanical properties of the finally obtained carbon fiber tend to be lowered.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is not necessarily composed of long fibers but is preferably a fiber bundle composed of short fibers (discontinuous fibers).
- the length is preferably 100 mm or less, particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 80 mm.
- the number of carbon fibers constituting the monofilament (single yarn) constituting the carbon fiber bundle is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 500 or more, and particularly preferably 1000 or more.
- the number of monofilaments constituting the fiber bundle is small, the handleability is improved by increasing the flexibility of the carbon fiber bundle, but the productivity of the carbon fiber is significantly reduced.
- the number exceeds 60,000 it is difficult to sufficiently complete the flame resistance or infusibilization treatment of the carbon fiber precursor fiber, and the mechanical properties of the finally obtained carbon fiber tend to be lowered. 60,000 or less, particularly 50,000 or less are preferable.
- the more preferable range of the number of monofilaments constituting the fiber bundle is 3000 to 40000 (so-called 3K to 40K), and further 5000 to 30000 (5K to 30K).
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is preferably in the form of a tape having a width wider than the thickness so that it can be easily opened thereafter.
- the width per 10,000 filaments (10K) is 2 mm / 10K or more, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 15 mm / 10K. In particular, the range of 3 to 10 mm / 10K is preferable. Most preferably, it is in the range of 4-8 mm / 10K. If this width is too narrow, the spreadability and splitting properties tend to be poor, the resin impregnation property is also lowered, and the physical properties of the finally obtained composite also tend to be lowered. On the other hand, if the width is too wide, thickness unevenness tends to occur in the width direction, resin impregnation unevenness tends to occur, and the physical properties of the final composite tend to decrease.
- the thickness per 10,000 filaments (10K) is preferably 0.2 mm / 10K or less, and more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 mm / 10K.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is in the form of a tape, and the width / thickness ratio is preferably 10 or more, more preferably in the range of 20 to 200. Subsequent fiber opening and splitting is performed smoothly by using such a flat fiber bundle, and the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention has a moderate convergence even in such a thin shape, and thereafter It becomes a carbon fiber bundle with high process stability that passes smoothly through the processing step.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention preferably has a convergence degree in the range of 30 to 180 g.
- the degree of convergence of the fiber bundle was determined by using Handle-O-Meter (HOM-200 manufactured by Daiei Kagaku Seisaku Seisakusho), placing the carbon fiber bundle on a test bench provided with a slit groove, and using a blade to maintain a certain depth of the groove.
- the resistance force (g) generated when the test piece is pushed down to 8 mm, that is, the texture is measured.
- the convergence degree of the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is preferably in the range of 70 to 200 g, and more preferably in the range of 100 to 180 g.
- the fiber bundles are appropriately widened and separated, especially when a random mat is produced by spraying and spraying air on a cut product of carbon fiber bundles. As a result, an optimal carbon fiber bundle for opening is obtained.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is such that the sizing agent containing the copolymerized polyamide resin as described above adheres to the surface of the fiber bundle, and the sizing agent adheres to the carbon fiber bundle.
- the surface of the carbon fiber (single fiber) is preferably dotted with resin pools (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “resin pool (A)”) having a major axis of less than 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 10 nm or more.
- resin pool (A) resin pools having a major axis of less than 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 10 nm or more.
- the shape is indefinite or elliptical, and the longest part (the major axis in the case of an ellipse) is preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the shortest part is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 4 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the resin reservoir (A) is preferably 10 to 500 nm, more preferably 50 nm to less than 400 nm, and particularly preferably 100 nm to less than 300 nm.
- the thickness of the resin adhering to the carbon fiber surface can be confirmed, for example, by preparing a fracture surface of the carbon fiber and observing the fracture surface.
- the scattered sizing agent increases the compatibility with the matrix resin, and further the plasticity of the matrix resin. It becomes more effective as an agent and plays a role of further enhancing the impregnation property of the matrix resin into the carbon fiber bundle. For this reason, it is preferable that the distribution of the resin pool (A) exists appropriately and uniformly on the carbon fiber surface.
- Such a resin pool (A) can be expressed by selecting an appropriate melt viscosity at the drying temperature.
- the melt viscosity of the resin for producing such a resin pool (A) is such that the melt viscosity at a shear rate of 6 s ⁇ 1 at the drying temperature of the carbon fiber bundle is 2000 Pa ⁇ s or more and less than 5000 Pa ⁇ s. It is preferable that Further, it is preferably 2100 to 3500 Pa ⁇ s.
- the melt viscosity is too low, the resin pool (A) tends to spread and disappear on the carbon fiber surface.
- the melt viscosity is too high, the resin particles adhering to the carbon fiber surface cannot be completely melted and cannot be immobilized on the fiber surface, so that the resin particles tend to drop off in a later step.
- the surface of the carbon fiber (single fiber) constituting the carbon fiber bundle is coated with a thin resin having a thickness of less than 10 nm in an area of 60% or more in addition to the above-described resin pool (hereinafter referred to as “the resin fiber pool”) (It may be referred to as “resin coating (B)”).
- the covering area is preferably 80% or more, particularly 95% or more.
- the thickness is preferably in the range of 0.5 nm or more, more preferably in the range of 1 nm or more, and most preferably in the range of 2 to 10 nm.
- the resin constituting the sizing agent covers the carbon fiber surface thinly and widely, so that the affinity between the carbon fiber and the matrix resin is increased and the moldability is improved.
- the presence of such a resin coating (B) makes it easier to perform high cycle molding in a short time.
- the fact that this resin coating (B) adheres to most of the fiber surface can be confirmed by observation with a scanning electron microscope at a low acceleration voltage of 0.05 to 0.5 kV, for example. If the thickness of the resin coating (B) is too thick, for example, like other resin pools, the absolute amount of the sizing resin adhering to the carbon fiber is excessively increased, and ultimately the physical properties of the composite material tend to be lowered. It is in. On the other hand, even if the thickness of the resin coating (B) is too thin, the affinity with the matrix resin cannot be increased and the impregnation property tends to be lowered.
- Such an irregular resin pool (A) and a continuous resin coating (B) are produced by the presence of molecular weight distribution in the resin particles contained in the sizing agent. That is, the low molecular weight component has a low viscosity and wets and spreads on the surface of the reinforcing fiber to form a resin coating (B), and the high molecular weight component forms a resin pool (A) having a high viscosity and an amorphous shape. Since the copolymerized polyamide resin used in the present invention is a copolymer, it seems that such a molecular weight distribution is born.
- minute irregularities exist on the surface of the carbon fiber constituting the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention.
- minute resin pools (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “resin pool (C)”) exist in the minute irregularities on the fiber surface.
- the fine resin reservoir (C) preferably has a thickness of 10 to 100 nm, more preferably 20 to 80 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 30 nm to less than 60 nm.
- the width is preferably less than 500 nm, particularly preferably less than 100 nm.
- this small resin pool exists along the wrinkles of the micro unevenness of the fiber surface which exists in the fiber axis direction, and the length is not particularly limited.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is composed of a large number of carbon fibers (single fibers), and a connecting resin pool (the connecting resin pool connecting them) between the carbon fibers (single fibers) constituting the carbon fiber bundle (
- resin pool (D) may be present.
- the thickness of the connecting resin pool is preferably in the range of 10 to 2000 nm. As a shape, it becomes a rod-shaped resin pool connecting each single fiber. And this resin pool (D) takes the form of a rod of 10 ⁇ m or more, usually having the major axis in the fiber axis direction.
- a large particle size distribution in the sizing agent is important.
- Such a rod-shaped resin pool (D) is a product in which particles are deposited and hardened in the gaps between the fibers of each monofilament.
- this resin pool (D) has a function of joining fibers to fibers, it has an effect of converging a carbon fiber bundle in which a large number of carbon fibers are gathered.
- the impregnation property of the matrix resin is improved as in the case of the irregular resin pool (A).
- the thickness of the rod-shaped resin pool (D) is preferably 10 nm or more and less than 2000 nm, and more preferably 100 nm or more and less than 1000 nm.
- the resin component is adhered more on the surface layer surface than on the inner layer surface of the carbon fiber bundle to which the resin is adhered.
- the carbon fiber production method of the present invention is a carbon fiber bundle production method in which a sizing liquid is applied to a carbon fiber bundle and dried, the sizing liquid containing a copolymerized polyamide resin,
- This is a production method comprising the following repeating unit (A) and at least one of the repeating unit (B) and the repeating unit (C), and the melting point of the copolymerized polyamide resin is 180 ° C. or lower.
- A)-[NH (CH 2 ) m CO]-m integer of 6 to 20
- the sizing liquid used in the carbon fiber production method of the present invention must contain a copolymerized polyamide resin as a main component, but it is a component other than the copolymerized polyamide as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. May be included.
- a carboxylic acid salt is preferably included in the sizing solution in addition to the copolymerized polyamide for the purpose of improving the adhesion to carbon fibers.
- the kind and addition amount of the carboxylic acid salt are the same as those described in the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention. These carboxylic acid salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the sizing liquid to be used is aqueous.
- a dispersion emulsion
- the dispersion may contain various additives as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- a surfactant may be used for the purpose of improving the stability of the aqueous dispersion.
- a nonionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant is preferably used, and a nonionic surfactant is particularly preferable.
- polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether represented by the following formula (1) can be mentioned.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group represented by X is preferably 2 to 5, and examples of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether include polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene oilyl ether and the like.
- a low molecular weight nonionic surfactant is preferred.
- a surfactant that easily volatilizes or decomposes is preferable, and a surfactant that volatilizes or decomposes at a temperature of less than 200 ° C., more preferably less than 150 ° C. is preferable. This is because the carbon fiber bundle is decomposed and volatilized in the manufacturing process of the carbon fiber bundle, and it is difficult to adversely affect the interfacial adhesion with the final matrix resin.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 8 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin solid content in the sizing agent.
- the amount ratio of the sizing agent and water in the aqueous dispersion is not particularly limited, and a uniform dispersion may be obtained.
- a preferred amount ratio is 900 to 999900 parts by weight of water with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyamide, more preferably 1900 to 99900 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyamide.
- the weight average particle diameter of the particles in the aqueous dispersion thus obtained is preferably 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the resin concentration in the aqueous dispersion is preferably 1 to 70% by weight.
- the accumulated 50% particle diameter D 50 of the copolyamide resin which is a main component in the sizing liquid is 0.25 ⁇ m or more.
- the sizing solution preferably contains particles having an integrated 50% particle diameter D 50 of less than 0.25 ⁇ m.
- a copolymerized polyamide composed of a resin particle diameter D 50 of 0.25 ⁇ m or more particles also referred to as small particles
- the particle diameter D 50 contains 0.25 ⁇ m particles below (also referred to as fine particles) .
- the fine particles may be the same as the copolymerized polyamide resin which is a component of the small particles, but are preferably different resins.
- a particularly preferred method for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is a method in which a sizing agent is applied to the carbon fiber surface and heat-dried, and the sizing agent applied to the carbon fiber surface contains small particles and fine particles. It is preferable that the small particles are made of the above-mentioned copolymerized polyamide, and the heating and drying temperature is not less than the melting point of the small particles. Incidentally, where a small particles small particles cumulative 50% particle size D 50 of more than 0.25 ⁇ m and, to be accumulated 50% particle diameter D 50 and the fine particles are fine particles of less than 0.25 ⁇ m . By using such two types of particles, small particles and fine particles, the balance between the impregnation of the sizing agent into the carbon fiber bundle and the texture of the fiber bundle after impregnation and drying is optimized.
- a value of a particle diameter D 50 of 50% in volume fraction is adopted. More specifically, this particle size is measured by the method of D 50 measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device, and means a particle size containing 50% of the particle volume.
- D 10 and D 90 may be used, and D 10 means a particle size of 10% from the smaller volume fraction, and D 90 means a particle size of 90% from the smaller volume fraction. .
- the method of producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention, although containing the copolyamide resin in the sizing solution, which generally has a particle diameter D 50 is present as a component of 0.25 ⁇ m or more relatively large small particles.
- D 50 is preferably 0.60 ⁇ m or less.
- the D 10 of the small particles is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.25 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably D 10 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.20 ⁇ m or less.
- the D 90 is preferably 0.25 ⁇ m or 1.5 ⁇ m or less, and it is more preferred for D 90 is 1.2 ⁇ m or less than 0.30 .mu.m.
- the particle size of the small particle component of the sizing agent used in the method for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is about half or less of the diameter of the carbon fiber used.
- the particle size of the small particle component is 3.5 ⁇ m or less
- the particle size of the small particle component is 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the D 50 is optimally 0.25 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the resin constituting the one that is 0.25 ⁇ m than at D 50 By containing such fine particles, the sizing agent easily penetrates into the strands of the fiber bundle, and the impregnation property of the matrix resin into the subsequent carbon fiber bundle is improved.
- the 90% cumulative particle diameter D 90 of the fine particles is less than 0.35 ⁇ m.
- D 90 is preferably less than 0.3 ⁇ m.
- D 10 is preferably 0.15 ⁇ m or less.
- the fine particle component may be a copolymer resin, and various physical properties such as a melting point can be controlled by changing the copolymerization ratio.
- the fine particle component of the sizing agent since the fine particle component of the sizing agent has a small size, it is easy to impregnate the inside of the carbon fiber bundle, and is easily compatible with the matrix resin compounded with the carbon fiber bundle. Therefore, the carbon fiber bundle using this sizing agent becomes an excellent carbon fiber reinforced resin composite by combining with a matrix resin. Furthermore, it is preferable that the solubility parameters of the matrix resin and the fine particle component are close, and one component of the copolymer component constituting the fine particle is preferably the same component as the matrix resin.
- the melting point of the fine particle component is preferably lower than the melting point of the matrix resin constituting the composite.
- the melting point or softening point of the fine particle component is preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 200 ° C., and more preferably in the range of 80 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the fine particle component of the sizing agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but particularly preferably, the main component includes a polyolefin resin, a polyamide resin, a polycarbonate resin, and a polyester resin. Further, a copolymer, a modified product, or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the present invention can be suitably applied when the above-described materials can be obtained as a general dispersion in water, or when an aqueous solution dissolved in water can be obtained.
- polyolefin resin high compatibility is obtained with a polyolefin resin such as polypropylene, and in the case of a polyamide, polycarbonate, or polyester resin, high adhesion is obtained with a highly polar resin.
- the roundness of the strand is suppressed by using a specific copolymerized polyamide resin, but it becomes more effective by using the fine particle component in combination.
- a copolymer polyamide resin is an essential component, this thing is often a particle diameter D 50 is 0.25 ⁇ m or more small particles.
- D 50 is 0.25 ⁇ m or more small particles.
- it is possible to increase the convergence state of the carbon fiber bundle strands, and the handleability is improved.
- it is effective for producing a composite having a form like a random mat. This makes it possible to obtain a texture of the fiber bundle (yarn) that is advantageous for widening, opening, and random application of the carbon fiber bundle strands.
- the method for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is a method in which a sizing solution as described above is applied to a carbon fiber bundle and dried.
- the method for producing a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention preferably includes the following steps 1) to 2). 1) Immersion step of applying a sizing liquid (dispersion) containing a sizing agent and water to the carbon fiber bundle 2) Drying step of removing moisture from the carbon fiber bundle obtained in the above 1) To do.
- a dispersion (sizing solution) is applied so that the final sizing agent has a dry weight of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the carbon fiber bundle. It is preferable.
- the dispersion contains a sizing agent and water.
- any known method can be used as long as the sizing agent can be finally uniformly applied to the surface of the carbon fiber bundle. Specific methods include, for example, a spray method, a roller dipping method, a roller transfer method, and the like, including a method of using these alone or in combination.
- the roller dipping method is preferable as a method excellent in productivity and uniformity.
- carbon fiber strands are immersed in an aqueous emulsion, it is important to repeat the opening (widening) and squeezing through the immersion roller provided in the emulsion bath and impregnate the aqueous emulsion into the strands.
- the amount of the sizing agent attached to the carbon fiber can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the sizing liquid, adjusting the squeeze roller, or the like.
- the carbon fiber bundle that has undergone the sizing liquid impregnation step of 1) above will subsequently remove moisture by a drying treatment.
- the method for the drying treatment is not particularly limited, and examples include heat treatment, air drying, and centrifugal separation. Among them, heat treatment is preferable.
- the drying treatment heat treatment in addition to removing moisture from the carbon fiber bundle after the sizing treatment, the sizing agent solid content in the sizing liquid is melted, and evenly on the surface of the carbon fibers constituting the carbon fiber bundle Can be dispersed.
- the drying temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point of the copolymerized polyamide resin as the main component contained in the sizing solution.
- a heating means for the heat treatment for example, hot air, a hot plate, a roller, an infrared heater or the like can be used.
- a preferable temperature for the heat treatment is an object temperature (carbon fiber temperature) of about 60 ° C. to 150 ° C. If it is this temperature range, the target carbon fiber bundle can be obtained, without degrading resin of a sizing agent and by extension, a carbon fiber bundle.
- the water content after drying is preferably 0 to 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of carbon fiber.
- the sizing liquid used is an aqueous dispersion
- the sizing agent becomes emulsion particles when adhering to the carbon fiber bundle. It is preferable to form a film on the surface of the carbon fiber by melting at the same time when moisture is removed in the drying step. The adhesiveness with the matrix resin is improved.
- the pressure treatment is performed by two supports and one or more pressure bodies positioned between the supports, and the temperature of the carbon fiber bundle during the pressure treatment is determined in the sizing agent. It is preferable that it is more than the glass transition temperature of the copolymerization polyamide resin to contain.
- the pressurizing body is not intended to fix the movement of the fiber bundle such as a nip roll, but preferably the pressurizing body suppresses the middle of the tensioned fiber bundle. By using such a pressurizing body that does not fix the fiber bundle, curling is suppressed more effectively as well as widening.
- the moisture content of the strand entering the first support is less than 30 wt%, preferably less than 10 wt%, more preferably less than 3 wt%. If drying is inadequate and the amount of moisture is high, the resin on the surface of the fiber bundle will adhere to the support or pressure body that has become hot, or problems such as strands being caught in the resin that has become sticky will occur. It tends to make it.
- the pressure treatment of the carbon fiber bundle includes two support bodies installed in the traveling direction of the carbon fiber bundle, and one or more pressure bodies positioned between the support bodies.
- a pressurizing body that exists and is located in the vicinity of the middle of the adjacent support or pressurization body that is separated from a plane including the carbon fiber bundle sliding contact surface of the two supports or pressurization bodies
- the carbon fiber bundle is continuously bundled to perform a pressure treatment method. It is preferable that a support or a pressurizing body is alternately in contact with the front and back surfaces of the fiber bundle.
- the two supports may be shared with other rolls, for example, a take-up roll, and it is sufficient if pressure is applied to the carbon fiber bundle by using a pressurizing body.
- the support or the pressure body is a rod-like body installed at a right angle to the traveling direction of the reinforcing fiber bundle so that pressure is easily applied.
- the range of 0.5 to 10 cm is optimal.
- the support or the pressure body is a rotating body.
- fluff in the process on the surface of the fiber bundle is reduced.
- the time for passing through the two supports is preferably 3 seconds or less. Further, it is preferably 1 second or less, particularly 0.1 to 0.5 seconds.
- the distance between the two supports when the pressure treatment is performed is preferably an interval of 50 to 500 mm.
- the pressure body is 25 to 400 mm downstream from the first support and the first support and the first support.
- the support is disposed at a position spaced vertically upward or downward by 10 to 100 mm from the plane including the fiber bundle sliding surface of the support.
- the adjacent support body and pressure body are arranged in a zigzag so as to contact the upper surface and the lower surface of the fiber bundle, respectively.
- the material for the support and the pressure body is not particularly limited, but Teflon (registered trademark), stainless steel, particularly SUS316 is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance and wear resistance.
- the surface roughness is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 ⁇ m. If the surface roughness deviates from the range shown on the left, thread breakage is likely to occur.
- the carbon fiber bundle to be pressure-treated is preheated.
- the carbon fiber bundle is dried before the pressure treatment, but it is also a preferred method to perform the pressure treatment while maintaining the temperature of the carbon fiber bundle at that time.
- the temperature of the carbon fiber bundle when in contact with the pressurized body during drying is preferably 20 to 300 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin component attached to the carbon fiber bundle.
- a support body and a pressurization body may each heat individually, or the support body and pressurization installed in the hollow box-shaped heating tank may be sufficient as it.
- the body may be heated indirectly by heating the heating tank, or the pressure body may be heated in combination with the above.
- the treatment temperature of the carbon fiber bundle on the pressurized body is preferably 20 to 300 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin component adhering to the fiber surface. Further, it is preferably a high temperature of 40 to 200 ° C. If the treatment temperature is too low, the shape of the curled fiber bundle tends not to be sufficiently corrected. Further, it tends to be difficult to widen the fiber bundle. On the other hand, if the treatment temperature is too high, the resin component on the fiber surface tends to decompose.
- the width of the fiber bundle it is preferable to widen the width of the fiber bundle.
- the degree of widening is preferably in the range of 1.05 to 2.5 times the width of the fiber bundle immediately after drying. Further, it is preferable to widen the width 1.1 to 2.0 times.
- the curled reinforcing fiber bundle can be widened on the pressurized body, and a flat resin-attached reinforcing fiber bundle can be obtained by heat setting of the fiber bundle.
- the strand before entering the first support is preferably 90 degrees or more and less than 160 degrees connecting the arc center of the cross section and both ends of the arc.
- the angle is preferably 160 degrees or more and less than 183 degrees.
- the carbon fiber product of the present invention is a carbon fiber product obtained by opening the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention.
- a carbon fiber bundle excellent in adhesiveness with a matrix resin is obtained, and a carbon fiber product is obtained by preferably opening and processing it.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention has a feature that a sizing agent film is formed on the surface of the carbon fiber, so that the sizing agent is less likely to fall off from the carbon fiber bundle even when the fiber is opened. . That is, the present invention includes a carbon fiber product obtained by opening a carbon fiber bundle.
- the method for opening the carbon fiber bundle is not particularly limited, but preferably a method of squeezing the fiber with a round bar, a method using an air flow, a method of vibrating the fiber with ultrasonic waves, and the like.
- the above pressure treatment is also one of the methods suitable for opening the fibers and widening the fiber bundle.
- a method of opening the fiber bundle by spraying a fluid such as air on the carbon fiber bundle is also preferable.
- the degree of opening can be appropriately controlled by the pressure of a fluid such as air.
- the fiber bundle can be split at the same time by spraying the fluid, which is optimal for a random mat.
- the fiber used for these opening processes can be applied to either a continuous fiber or a discontinuous fiber.
- the carbon fiber product obtained by using the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is sufficiently impregnated with a matrix resin to be combined, and has high quality with little unevenness in strength.
- a carbon fiber product include a random mat preferably including discontinuous length carbon fibers, a uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material including continuous length carbon fibers, and a woven fabric.
- a random mat containing discontinuous fibers obtained by cutting the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is one in which carbon fibers are not oriented in a specific direction and are dispersed in a random direction within the plane of the random mat. Point to.
- the average fiber length of the carbon fibers in the random mat is preferably 5 to 100 mm or less, more preferably 10 to 100 mm, and still more preferably 15 mm or more and 100 mm or less. Especially preferably, they are 15 mm or more and 80 mm or less, Furthermore, 20 mm or more and 60 mm or less are preferable.
- a particularly preferred random mat comprises a carbon fiber bundle of the present invention having a fiber length of 2 to 60 mm and a matrix resin, and the carbon fiber is substantially at a basis weight of 25 to 3000 g / m 2. It is preferable that they are randomly oriented in the plane.
- thermoplastic resin As the matrix resin, a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin is used.
- the thermoplastic resin used is not particularly limited.
- polyamide resin, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyolefin resin, polyacetal resin, polysulfone resin and the like are preferable.
- thermosetting resin to be used is not particularly limited. Specifically, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin, maleimide resin, cyanate ester resin, maleimide resin and cyanide resin are used. Preferred examples include resins obtained by prepolymerizing acid ester resins, and in the present invention, a mixture of these resins can also be used. Preferably, an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, unsaturated polyester, etc. are mentioned. In the case of thermosetting resins, these thermosetting resins may contain a curing agent, a curing accelerator, and the like.
- thermoplastic resin is preferable as the matrix resin used in the present invention, and a polyamide resin is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the molded product and the speed of the molding cycle.
- Polyamide resins include 6-nylon, 66-nylon, 610-nylon, 11-nylon, 12-nylon, 6/66 copolymer nylon, 6/610 copolymer nylon, 6/11 copolymer nylon, 6/12 copolymer
- Preferred examples include polymerized nylon. These polymers or copolymers may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. It is also preferable that this resin contains an inorganic filler.
- the inorganic filler examples include talc, calcium silicate, wollastonite, montmorillonite, and various inorganic nanofillers.
- conventional polyamide compositions such as heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, weathering stabilizers, light stabilizers, anti-aging agents, antioxidants, softeners, dispersants, fillers, colorants, lubricants, etc.
- Other additives blended into the product can be blended.
- the amount of the resin present in the random mat is preferably 50 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon fibers. More preferably, the resin is 55 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon fiber, and still more preferably 60 to 300 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon fiber.
- the matrix resin is preferably present in the form of fibers, powders, or granules.
- Such a random mat of the present invention is preferably produced by, for example, the following steps 1 to 3. 1. Cutting the carbon fiber bundle, 2. Introducing the cut carbon fiber bundle into the tube and opening the carbon fiber bundle; 3. Process for forming random mat from carbon fiber bundle and matrix resin
- the carbon fiber bundle in advance for widening before the cutting step.
- 2. In the opening process it is preferable to split the fiber at the same time as opening to make an aggregate of carbon fiber bundles having an appropriate width. By performing such splitting simultaneously, the carbon fibers are arranged more randomly. .
- 3. In the random mat forming step a method in which a random mat consisting only of carbon fiber bundles is formed in advance and the matrix resin is then impregnated is also employed.
- the matrix resin is preferably a thermoplastic resin.
- the method is a method in which a random mat made of only carbon fibers and a film made of a thermoplastic resin are stacked and molded by a hot press.
- the degree of opening of the carbon fibers in the matrix resin is controlled, and there are carbon fiber bundles of a specific number or more and other opened carbon fibers. It is preferable to make a random mat that includes a specific number of carbon fiber bundles in a specific ratio. This is 1. Cut length of 2. It can be adjusted by setting the conditions of the opening process.
- the random mat is excellent in adhesiveness with the matrix resin, and the sizing agent is less likely to fall off from the carbon fiber bundle even when the fiber is opened, and is suitable for various uses and purposes. Can be provided.
- the falling rate of the sizing agent in the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention is preferably 5% or less, and more preferably 3% or less.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a composite material comprising the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention and a matrix resin.
- the composite material include a random mat as described above and a uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material described below.
- the random mat is heated in advance to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the matrix resin, and the pressing mold is a cold press having a temperature lower than the melting point of the matrix resin.
- the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention can be opened to form a composite material as a uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material.
- a uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material can be obtained by the following method.
- the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material obtained by combining the carbon fiber bundle and the matrix resin can be obtained by opening and aligning the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention and bringing it into contact with the molten thermoplastic resin. it can.
- the thermoplastic resin used in this case those described in the above-mentioned random mat are preferably mentioned.
- the final fiber resin composite is preferably a laminate of a plurality of uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite materials.
- the method for producing the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material is not particularly limited, and can be obtained by, for example, a pultrusion method.
- a carbon fiber impregnated with a thermoplastic resin is preferably obtained.
- the impregnation by the matrix resin is suppressed, that is, when it is a semi-impregnated layer, for example, by aligning the carbon fibers in one direction on the sheet made of the matrix resin, by a method of heating while pressing if necessary, etc. It is possible to obtain.
- the shape of the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material is preferably cylindrical or prismatic.
- a long fiber pellet made of carbon fiber and a thermoplastic resin can be obtained by obtaining a strand obtained by solidifying a carbon fiber bundle with a thermoplastic resin and cutting the strand.
- a sheet shape can be obtained by reducing the height (thickness).
- the preferred thickness when it is in the form of a sheet is 40 to 3000 ⁇ m.
- the amount of the resin in the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material is preferably 10 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon fibers. More preferred is 20 to 250 parts by weight.
- Such a carbon fiber composite material in which the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention and the matrix resin are combined becomes a fiber resin composite excellent in physical properties with few voids by further pressing or the like.
- the porosity of the composite can be obtained by measuring the impregnation rate by an ultrasonic flaw detection method (C-scan).
- C-scan ultrasonic flaw detection method
- the presence of the resin on the fiber surface has the effect of drawing in the matrix resin to be impregnated thereafter (improves compatibility), and the internal non-impregnation by the ultrasonic flaw detection method (C-scan). It is possible to reduce voids as a part, resulting in a high numerical value.
- the state of the carbon fiber bundle of the present invention can be confirmed by observing the carbon fiber bundle using an electron microscope or the like.
- the surface of the carbon fiber can be confirmed by observing the surface of the carbon fiber with an electron microscope at a low accelerating voltage. It can be confirmed that the sizing agent is fused between the fibers. And the presence of the sizing agent on the surface of the carbon fiber provides the effect of improving the impregnation property of the matrix resin, and the sizing agent between the carbon fibers is in a fused state, so that the convergence property of the carbon fiber bundle is improved. Is obtained.
- the particle size was measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device, “LA-950”).
- the sample used was a sample that had been treated with ultrasonic waves for 3 minutes in advance.
- As the particle diameter values of D 10 (cumulative 10% particle diameter), D 50 (cumulative 50% particle diameter) and D 90 (cumulative 90% particle diameter) were obtained. Incidentally, the average particle size was adopted values of D 50.
- the drop-off rate of the sizing agent from the carbon fiber bundle was calculated by the following formula (3).
- Dropping rate of sizing agent x (Sizing agent deposition rate before spraying-Sizing agent deposition rate after spraying) / Sizing agent deposition rate before spraying ⁇ 100 (%) (3) It can be said that the larger the numerical value of the dropout rate x, the higher the dropout rate of the sizing agent after opening.
- the sizing agent adhesion rate before spraying and after spraying was measured by the method of (4) above.
- a fiber-fiber opening rate what was cut into 20 mm was used, and the weight ratio of a fiber bundle having a width of less than 0.6 mm present in the entire fiber after blowing compressed air was evaluated.
- the resin pools are classified into resin pools having a length of less than 10 ⁇ m (A), resin pools along microscopic irregularities on the fiber surface (C), and rod-shaped connection resin pools (D) existing between the fibers. .
- the sample was photographed under 5 conditions (10 monofilaments per field) under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 200 V and a magnification of 1000 times, and the presence of a resin coating (B) having a thickness of less than 10 nm was observed.
- the fracture surface of the filament was prepared by using the FIB apparatus (focused ion beam apparatus) attached to this apparatus at each of three portions where the above-mentioned resin is attached. The obtained fracture surface was observed at 70000 times, and the average value was taken as the resin thickness.
- the surface of the carbon fiber adhered to the sheet was observed with a fluorescence microscope. By repeating this operation three times and comparing the luminescence images derived from the resin, the adhesion state of the sizing agent inside the carbon fiber bundle was confirmed. In addition, the thickness of 20 ⁇ m was peeled off once by the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet, and the state inside 60 ⁇ m from the fiber bundle surface was observed three times.
- Viscosity of polyamide resin Polyamide resin particles used in the sizing agent are melted to remove excess water and solvent from the processing solution (emulsion) using a capillary rheometer (“CAPILOGRAP 1D” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.). The melt viscosity at a temperature and a shear rate of 6 s -1 was measured.
- One bundle of reinforcing fiber to be a test piece was placed on the test stand provided with the slit groove, and the resistance force (g) generated when the test piece was pushed to a certain depth (8 mm) of the groove with a blade was measured. .
- the texture of the reinforcing fiber bundle was obtained from the average value of three measurements.
- This sample was used as a final test piece, and the portion subjected to the anti-slip process was sandwiched with a chuck, and tensile shear strength measurement according to JIS K6850 was performed using an autograph (Shimadzu Corporation, AGS-X 5 kN). The test speed was 3 mm / min, a load was applied, and the tensile strength was measured. Seven test pieces were measured, and the average value was taken as the tensile shear strength.
- Fiber volume content of composite Measure the density of the carbon fiber resin composite cut to 15 mm square in water, then place it in an alumina crucible and heat to 550 ° C. for 30 minutes to decompose the matrix resin and determine the weight before and after decomposition. The fiber volume content was measured by measuring.
- Impregnation rate of composite by ultrasonic flaw detection method (C-scan) Using a measuring device by ultrasonic flaw detection method (“SDS-WIN” manufactured by Nippon Kraut Kramer Co., Ltd.) From the two-dimensional mapping image obtained using ultrasonic waves of 34 dB for the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite and 35.5 dB for the random mat, the ratio of the impregnation degree is 70% or more of the front surface area. It was.
- Example 1 A 70 L autoclave was charged with 11 kg of ⁇ -caprolactam, 8 kg of 50% aqueous solution of hexamethyleneammonium adipate and 10 kg of aminododecanoic acid, the inside of the polymerization tank was purged with nitrogen, sealed, heated to 180 ° C., and then stirred. While adjusting the pressure in the polymerization tank to 17.5 kgf / cm 2 , the temperature in the polymerization tank was raised to 240 ° C. Two hours after the polymerization temperature reached 240 ° C., the pressure in the polymerization tank was released to normal pressure over about 2 hours.
- the copolymerization ratio at this time was nylon 6 / nylon 66 / nylon 12 (weight ratio: 45/15/40 wt%).
- aqueous dispersion of polyamide resin and ammonium of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., registered trademark PRIMACOR 5980I, acrylic acid modified amount 20% by weight) separately adjusted to 25% by weight.
- An aqueous dispersion of a polyamide resin composition was obtained by mixing 12.0 g of an aqueous salt solution (degree of neutralization with ammonia of 0.75).
- This aqueous dispersion contains 10 parts by weight of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyamide resin component.
- this is referred to as an aqueous dispersion (a1) containing a small particle component. This was stirred so that the copolymerized polyamide would be 100 parts by weight with respect to 4000 parts by weight of water to prepare a sizing solution (emulsion solution of sizing agent).
- a resin pool (C) was observed in the fine irregularities on the fiber surface. The length of this was continuous in the fiber axis direction, the width was 75 nm, and the thickness was 45 nm.
- a connecting resin pool (D) was observed in a portion between the carbon fibers forming the carbon fiber bundle. This was continuous in the fiber axis direction and had a length of 10 ⁇ m or more, and the average thickness was 615 nm. Further, when 50 single fibers were observed, this connecting resin pool (D) was observed at 18 locations.
- Example 2 Composite material (random mat)
- a polyamide resin powder nylon 6 resin powder, “A1030FP” manufactured by Unitika Co., Ltd.
- the supply amount of carbon fiber is 600 g. / Min
- the supply amount of the polyamide resin powder was set to 730 g / min and introduced into the tapered tube. Air was blown onto the carbon fibers in the taper tube to partially open the fiber bundle, and was sprayed on a table installed at the lower part of the taper tube outlet together with the polyamide resin powder.
- the dispersed carbon fiber and polyamide resin powder were sucked from the lower part of the table with a blower and fixed to obtain a carbon fiber random mat (composite material) having a thickness of 5 mm.
- the obtained carbon fiber random mat was heated at 3 MPa for 5 minutes with a press apparatus heated to 260 ° C., and the total basis weight of fibers and resin was 2700 g / m 2 , the thickness was 2.0 mm, and the fiber volume content was 35 Vol%.
- a carbon fiber random mat composite material molding plate (composite) was obtained.
- the obtained molded plate had no unimpregnated part, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 445 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 24 GPa.
- Example 3 Except that the hexamethylene ammonium salt of adipic acid of Example 1 was changed to ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid, and the amount of each charged to a 70 L autoclave was 15 kg of ⁇ -caprolactam, 15 kg of ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid, and 20 kg of aminododecanoic acid, In the same manner as in Example 1, a terpolymer polyamide was obtained. The copolymerization ratio at this time was nylon 6 / nylon 11 / nylon 12 (weight ratio: 30/30/40 wt%), and the melting point was 115 ° C.
- An aqueous dispersion of a polyamide resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using the nylon 6/11/12 terpolymer polyamide resin thus obtained.
- this is referred to as an aqueous dispersion (a2) containing a small particle component.
- a sizing solution emulsion solution of sizing agent
- Water was removed from the aqueous dispersion of the ternary copolymer polyamide with a hot air dryer at 120 ° C., and the glass transition temperature of the ternary copolymer polyamide was measured.
- the cumulative 50% particle diameter (D 50 ) was 0.57 ⁇ m.
- the unsized reinforcing fiber bundle before cutting was continuously immersed in this sizing liquid (emulsion) bath, and the treatment liquid was diffused between the single yarn filaments in the fiber bundle.
- This was passed through a drying furnace at 120 to 150 ° C. for 120 seconds and dried to obtain a reinforcing fiber bundle having a width of about 9.9 mm.
- the thermoplastic resin particles adhering to the carbon fiber had a melt viscosity of 2304 Pa ⁇ s at a shear rate of 6 s ⁇ 1 at 150 ° C.
- the adhesion amount of the sizing agent in the obtained reinforcing fiber bundle was 1.0 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the reinforcing fiber, and the texture of the reinforcing fiber bundle was 120 g.
- the resin coating (B) having a thickness of 4 nm covered 98% of the fiber surface.
- a resin pool (A) having a thickness of 154 nm, an average major axis of 1210 nm, and an average minor axis of 820 nm was randomly present on the fiber to form a giraffe pattern. 92 pieces of this resin pool (A) were observed within the field of view of 900 ⁇ m 2 of the electron microscope.
- a connecting resin pool (D) was observed in a portion between the carbon fibers forming the carbon fiber bundle. This was continuous in the fiber axis direction and had a length of 10 ⁇ m or more and an average thickness of 648 nm. Further, when 50 single fibers were observed, this connection resin pool (D) was observed at 21 locations. And after obtaining the carbon fiber bundle sized by the method similar to Example 1, when the adhesion amount, the tensile shear strength, and the drop-off rate were measured, as shown in Table 1, the tensile shear strength was high and the sizing agent was dropped off. The rate was low.
- Example 4 (Composite material (random mat)) A random mat (composite material) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the carbon fiber bundle of Example 3 was used, and the obtained carbon fiber random mat was heated at 260 ° C. at 3 MPa. Heating was performed for 5 minutes to obtain a carbon fiber random mat composite material molding plate (composite) having a total basis weight of fibers and resin of 2700 g / m 2 , a thickness of 2.0 mm, and a fiber volume content of 35 Vol%. The obtained molded plate had no unimpregnated part, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 420 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 24 GPa.
- Example 5 The ⁇ -caprolactam of Example 1 was changed to ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid, and each charge in a 70 L autoclave was 30 kg of 50% aqueous solution of hexamethyleneammonium adipate, 15 kg of ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid, 20 kg of aminododecanoic acid.
- a terpolymer polyamide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
- Example 2 Using the nylon 66/11/12 terpolymer polyamide resin thus obtained, an aqueous dispersion of a polyamide resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. And after obtaining the carbon fiber bundle sized by the method similar to Example 1, when the adhesion amount, the tensile shear strength, and the drop-off rate were measured, as shown in Table 1, the tensile shear strength was high and the sizing agent was dropped off. The rate was low.
- Example 6 Composite material (random mat)
- a random mat composite material obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the carbon fiber bundle of Example 5 was used, and this was pressed to obtain a carbon fiber random mat composite material molding plate (composite). Obtained.
- the obtained molded plate had no unimpregnated portion, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 427 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 25 GPa.
- Example 7 The terpolymer polyamide obtained in Example 1 was sized in the same manner as in Example 1 without using an aqueous ammonium salt solution of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer adjusted to 25% by weight. After obtaining the carbon fiber bundle, the adhesion amount, the tensile shear strength, and the falling rate of the sizing agent were measured. As shown in Table 1, the tensile shear strength was high and the falling rate of the sizing agent was low.
- Example 8 Composite material (random mat)
- a random mat composite material
- Example 7 was used, and this was pressed to obtain a carbon fiber random mat composite material molded plate (composite).
- the obtained molded plate had no unimpregnated portion, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 415 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 24 GPa.
- Comparative Example 2 Composite material (random mat)
- a random mat was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the carbon fiber bundle of Comparative Example 1 was used, and this was subjected to press treatment to obtain a carbon fiber random mat composite material molded plate.
- the obtained molded plate had an unimpregnated portion, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 390 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 24 GPa.
- Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that hexamethylene ammonium salt of adipic acid of Example 1 is not used, and the amount charged into the 70 L autoclave is 16.5 kg of ⁇ -caprolactam, 4 kg of aminododecanoic acid, and 2 L of pure water.
- a binary copolymer polyamide was obtained.
- a polyamide resin composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of an autoclave equipped with a stirrer was 240 ° C. using the nylon 6/12 binary copolymer polyamide resin thus obtained.
- Comparative Example 4 (Composite material (random mat)) A random mat was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the carbon fiber bundle of Comparative Example 3 was used, and this was pressed to obtain a carbon fiber random mat composite material molded plate.
- the obtained molded plate had an unimpregnated part, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 400 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 23 GPa.
- Example 9 Composite material (random mat)
- a random mat was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the carbon fiber bundle was cut to 5 mm using the carbon fiber bundle of Example 1, and this was pressed to obtain a carbon fiber random mat composite material molding plate. It was.
- the obtained molded plate had a slight but unimpregnated portion, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 430 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 23 GPa.
- Example 10 Composite material (random mat)
- a random mat composite material
- the carbon fiber bundle was cut to 100 mm using the carbon fiber bundle of Example 1, and this was subjected to press treatment to obtain a carbon fiber random mat composite material.
- a molded plate composite was obtained.
- the obtained molded plate had some unimpregnated parts, and the bending properties were a bending strength of 420 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 22 GPa.
- Example 11 Composite (Uniaxially Oriented Carbon Fiber Composite) While squeezing the carbon fiber bundle obtained in Example 1 with a round bar, the carbon fiber bundles are aligned in one direction to form a sheet-like shape with 100 parts by volume of polyamide 6 resin with respect to 100 parts by volume of carbon fiber above and below the sheet.
- a polyamide 6 film manufactured by Unitika Co., Ltd., “emblem” made into a film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m) is placed on the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material sheet by applying a pressure of 2.5 MPa with a hot press at 260 ° C. Obtained.
- the carbon fiber basis weight of the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material sheet was 100 g / m 2 , and the carbon fiber content was 50 vol%.
- the bending properties in the uniaxial direction of the obtained molded plate were a bending strength of 1250 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 100 GPa.
- Example 12 In the same manner as in Example 1, ternary copolymerized polyamide particles of nylon 6 / nylon 66 / nylon 12 (weight ratio: 45/15/40 wt%) were obtained. Particle size D 50 of 0.4 .mu.m, a melting point of 140 ° C., a glass transition temperature of 32 ° C.. Then, an aqueous dispersion (a1) containing a polyamide resin composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactant polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, Kao Corporation
- This sizing solution was impregnated into an unsized carbon fiber bundle (“Tenax STS-24K N00” manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd.), and a nylon 6 / nylon 66 / nylon 12 terpolymer polyamide resin was adhered.
- the obtained fiber bundle was passed through a drying furnace at 180 ° C. for 120 seconds to dry the fiber bundle.
- the vertical cross section of the fiber bundle with respect to the fiber axis direction was curled in a C shape immediately under the dryer outlet, and the degree of curl was evaluated at an angle connecting the arc center point and both ends of the arc to be 130 degrees. Furthermore, when the curled carbon fiber bundle was flattened on a flat plate and the fiber bundle width was measured, it was 8 mm. Moreover, it was 134 g when the texture of the fiber bundle was measured. This fiber bundle was a little difficult to maintain a flat state and was in a state of being easily rounded into a rod shape.
- the fiber bundle was continuously processed using a three-roll apparatus.
- This three-roll device has a first support (first roll) and a second support (third roll) at 10 cm and 25 cm from the outlet of the drying furnace, and an intermediate point between the first support and the second support.
- a pressurizing body (second roll) is installed at a position 2 cm below a plane including the fiber bundle sliding surface of the first support and the fiber bundle sliding surface of the second support. The support is in contact with the lower surface of the fiber bundle, and the pressure member is in contact with the upper surface.
- the fiber bundle coming out from the outlet of the dryer was continuously passed through the three-roll apparatus and then wound up with a winder.
- the raw material of each support body and a pressure body was SUS316, and the thing of the fixed rod-shaped form of diameter 1cm was used.
- the surface temperature of the strand passing through the intermediate pressure member was measured and found to be 95 ° C., which was 63 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature 32 ° C. of the resin component of the sizing agent.
- the carbon fiber bundle passes from the first support to the second support in about 0.9 seconds, and the resin-attached reinforcing fiber bundle that has passed through the second support is not warped or folded in the fiber axis direction,
- the fiber bundle width was widened to 11 mm (1.38 times before the contact heat treatment).
- the angle connecting the arc central portion of the strand cross section and both end portions of the arc was 180 degrees.
- the resin adhesion amount of the obtained resin adhesion reinforcing fiber bundle was 0.46 wt%.
- the surface and inner layer surface of the resin adhesion reinforcing fiber bundle were observed with a fluorescence microscope, a large amount of resin adhered to the surface layer surface of the fiber bundle, and the resin adhesion was less as the inner layer.
- the opening rate of this resin-attached carbon fiber bundle was measured, a high opening rate of 58% was obtained.
- Example 13 Composite material (random mat)
- An 11 mm carbon fiber bundle having a high fiber opening rate of 58% of Example 12 and a thermoplastic resin (nylon 6 resin powder, “A1030FP” manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) serving as a matrix were prepared.
- a random mat composite material
- the random mat was pressed to obtain a random mat composite material molded plate (composite) having a total basis weight of fibers and resin of 2700 g / m 2 , a thickness of 2.0 mm, and a fiber volume content of 35 Vol%.
- the obtained composite had no unimpregnated portion, and its bending properties were extremely excellent with a bending strength of 483 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 25 GPa.
- Example 14 In the same manner as in Example 3, ternary copolymerized polyamide particles of nylon 6 / nylon 11 / nylon 12 (weight ratio: 30/30/40 wt%) were obtained. Particle size D 50 of 0.57 .mu.m, a melting point of 115 ° C., a glass transition temperature of 28 ° C.. Then, an aqueous dispersion (a2) containing a polyamide resin composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3.
- a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactant polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, Kao Corporation
- This sizing solution was impregnated into a non-sized carbon fiber bundle (manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., “Tenax STS-24K N00”), and a nylon 6 / nylon 11 / nylon 12 terpolymer polyamide resin was adhered.
- the obtained fiber bundle was passed through a drying furnace at 150 ° C. for 120 seconds to dry the fiber bundle.
- the vertical cross section of the fiber bundle with respect to the fiber axis direction was curled in a C shape immediately below the outlet of the dryer, and the curl degree was 140 degrees when evaluated by an angle connecting the arc center point and both ends of the arc. Furthermore, when the curled carbon fiber bundle was flattened on a flat plate and the fiber bundle width was measured, it was 8 mm.
- the fiber bundle was continuously processed using a three-roll apparatus.
- This three-roll apparatus is the same as the apparatus of Example 12 except that the distance of the second support is farther, and the first support (first roll) and the second are located at 10 cm and 30 cm from the drying furnace outlet.
- the support (third roll) is positioned at an intermediate point between the first support and the second support and 2 cm below the plane including the fiber bundle sliding surface of the first support and the fiber bundle sliding surface of the second support.
- the pressurizing body (second roll) is installed at the location.
- the fiber bundle coming out from the outlet of the dryer was continuously passed through the three-roll apparatus and then wound up with a winder. When the surface temperature of the strand passing through the intermediate pressure member was measured, it was 88 ° C., which was 60 ° C.
- the carbon fiber bundle passes from the first support to the second support in about 1.2 seconds, and the resin-attached reinforcing fiber bundle that has passed through the second support is not warped or folded in the fiber axis direction.
- the fiber bundle width was widened to 10 mm (1.25 times before the contact heat treatment).
- the angle connecting the arc central portion of the strand cross section and both end portions of the arc was 180 degrees.
- the resin adhesion amount of the obtained resin adhesion reinforcing fiber bundle was 0.51 wt%. Further, when the surface and inner layer surface of the resin adhesion reinforcing fiber bundle were observed with a fluorescence microscope, a large amount of resin adhered to the surface layer surface of the fiber bundle, and the resin adhesion was less as the inner layer.
- the resin coating (B) having a thickness of 4 nm covered 98% of the fiber surface.
- a resin pool (A) having a thickness of 128 nm, an average major axis of 1200 nm, and an average minor axis of 815 nm was randomly present on the fiber to form a giraffe pattern.
- 103 of the resin pool (A) were observed within the field of view of 900 ⁇ m 2 of the electron microscope.
- a connecting resin pool (D) was observed in a portion between the carbon fibers forming the carbon fiber bundle. This was continuous in the fiber axis direction and had a length of 10 ⁇ m or more and an average thickness of 648 nm. Further, when 50 single fibers were observed, this connecting resin pool (D) was observed at 19 locations. Next, when the opening rate of the resin-attached reinforcing fiber bundle was measured, a high opening rate of 56% was obtained.
- Example 15 Composite material (random mat)
- a 10 mm carbon fiber bundle with a high fiber opening rate of 56% of Example 14 and a thermoplastic resin (nylon 6 resin powder, “A1030FP” manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) serving as a matrix were prepared.
- a random mat composite material
- the random mat was pressed to obtain a random mat composite material molded plate (composite) having a total basis weight of fibers and resin of 2700 g / m 2 , a thickness of 2.0 mm, and a fiber volume content of 35 Vol%.
- the obtained composite had no unimpregnated portion, and its bending properties were extremely excellent with a bending strength of 473 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 25 GPa.
- Example 16 As in Example 14, the fiber bundle obtained by attaching the nylon 6 / nylon 11 / nylon 12 terpolymer polyamide resin of Example 3 to an unsized carbon fiber bundle was passed through a drying oven at 150 ° C. for 120 seconds to be dried. The fiber bundle was used. Resin-attached reinforcing fiber bundle in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the rolls of the first support body, the second support body, and the pressure body in Example 14 were changed from a fixed bar to a rotary bar. Was made. This fiber bundle had few fuzz derived from single fibers on the surface and was excellent in quality.
- the resin-attached reinforcing fiber bundle that passed through the second support was not warped or folded in the fiber axis direction, and the fiber bundle width was widened to 10 mm (1.25 times before the contact heat treatment).
- the angle connecting the arc central portion of the strand cross section and both end portions of the arc was 180 degrees.
- the resin adhesion amount of the obtained resin adhesion reinforcing fiber bundle was 0.51 wt%.
- the surface layer and the inner layer portion were observed with a fluorescence microscope, a large amount of resin adhered to the surface of the fiber bundle surface, and the resin adhesion was less as the inner layer.
- the fiber opening rate of the obtained fiber bundle was measured, a high fiber opening rate of 54% was obtained.
- Example 17 Composite material (random mat) Further, as in Example 2, except that the carbon fiber bundle of Example 16 was used, a random mat (composite material) was obtained. Then, the random mat was pressed to obtain a random mat composite material molded plate (composite) having a total basis weight of fibers and resin of 2700 g / m 2 , a thickness of 2.0 mm, and a fiber volume content of 35 Vol%. The obtained composite had no unimpregnated portion, and its bending properties were extremely excellent with a bending strength of 474 MPa and a bending elastic modulus of 24 GPa.
- thermoplastic resin particles used here are dimer acid (polymerized fatty acid, “Tsunodaim 395” dimer acid content 94% manufactured by Tsukino Food Industry Co., Ltd.) and polyamide resin (dimer acid) using ethylenediamine, azelaic acid and piperazine as raw materials.
- dimer acid polymerized fatty acid, “Tsunodaim 395” dimer acid content 94% manufactured by Tsukino Food Industry Co., Ltd.
- polyamide resin dimer acid
- the aqueous dispersion (a1) containing the small particle component prepared in Example 1 was mixed with the aqueous dispersion (b1) containing the fine particle component to obtain a sizing solution (emulsion solution of sizing agent). . That is, the fine particle component and the small particle component are added to 15 parts by weight and 12 parts by weight, respectively, with respect to 1000 parts by weight of the emulsion, stirred until dispersed, and the total solid content including other components is A sizing liquid (emulsion solution for sizing agent) to be 28 parts by weight (other components, 1 part by weight) was prepared.
- a sizing solution emulsion solution for sizing agent
- an unsized carbon fiber strand (manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., “Tenax STS-24K N00”, diameter 7 ⁇ m ⁇ 24000 filament) is continuously immersed in the filament.
- an emulsion solution for a sizing agent for carbon fiber was impregnated. This was passed through a drying furnace at 170 ° C. for about 120 seconds, then passed through a drying furnace at 150 ° C. for about 120 seconds, dried and heat-treated to obtain a carbon fiber bundle having a width of about 10 mm.
- the adhesion amount of all sizing agents in the obtained carbon fiber bundle was 0.95 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon fibers.
- the fine particle component is 0.50 part by weight, and the small particle component is 0.40 part by weight (other solid content, 0.5 part by weight).
- the texture value of this carbon fiber bundle was measured, it was 176.
- the degree of roundness of the strand was evaluated, it was “ ⁇ : a level at which rounding was seen only at the end but could be wound without any problem”.
- Example 19 Composite (Uniaxially Oriented Carbon Fiber Composite) Subsequently, the carbon fiber bundle obtained in Example 18 was drawn in one direction while squeezing with a round bar to form a sheet shape, and 100 parts by volume of polyamide 6 resin with respect to 100 parts by volume of carbon fiber above and below the sheet.
- a polyamide 6 film (“Emblem” manufactured by Unitika Co., Ltd., 25 ⁇ m thick film, melting point 230 ° C.) is placed so that a pressure of 2.5 MPa is applied by a 260 ° C. hot press to form a uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material sheet. Obtained.
- the carbon fiber basis weight of the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material sheet is 100 g / m 2 , and 18 sheets of this are stacked in one direction and heated at 260 ° C. for 15 minutes under a pressure of 3.0 MPa.
- the molded plate (uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite) was obtained by slow cooling.
- the thickness of the molded plate using the carbon fiber bundle obtained here was 1.73 mm, and the fiber volume content (Vf) was 49%.
- the impregnation ratio obtained from the measurement by two-dimensional mapping (C-scan) of the ultrasonic flaw detection method was 92.
- Example 20 An isotropic carbon fiber composite material (random mat) was prepared using the carbon fiber bundle obtained in Example 18. That is, the carbon fiber bundle cut to 16 mm, and polyamide 6 resin powder (nylon 6 resin powder, “A1030FP” manufactured by Unitika Ltd., melting point 230 ° C.), carbon fiber supply rate 450 g / min, polyamide 6 The supply amount of the resin powder was set to 480 g / min, introduced into the taper tube, and sprayed on the table installed at the lower part of the taper tube outlet together with the polyamide 6 resin powder. The dispersed carbon fiber and polyamide 6 resin powder were sucked from the bottom of the table with a blower and fixed to obtain an unshaped carbon fiber random mat (composite material) having a thickness of about 5 mm.
- the obtained carbon fiber random mat was heated for 5 minutes at 3 MPa in a press apparatus heated to 260 ° C. as a preliminary pressing step to obtain a composite material having a basis weight of 2800 g / m 2 and a thickness of 1.98 mm.
- the fiber volume content (Vf) of the intermediate substrate (random mat carbon fiber composite) using the carbon fiber bundle obtained in Example 18 was 42 Vol%.
- the impregnation ratio obtained from the measurement by two-dimensional mapping (C-scan) of the ultrasonic flaw detection method was 89, and a good random mat carbon fiber composite was obtained. Further, the temperature of one intermediate base material obtained here was raised to 300 ° C., and cold pressing was performed at a mold temperature of 130 ° C.
- a mold having a thickness of 1.6 mm to obtain a molded product (composite material).
- the matrix resin and reinforcing fibers were randomly arranged up to the corner of the mold, and a highly uniform molded product (composite material) could be obtained. Further, the physical properties were not lowered by the cold press, and the composite was highly durable.
- thermoplastic resin particles to be fine particles are dimer acid (polymerized fatty acid, “Tsunodaim 395” manufactured by Tsuno Foods Co., Ltd., 94% dimer acid content) and ethylene diamine as raw materials (dimer acid is the entire dicarboxylic acid component). 100 mol%) was added to an emulsifier together with isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylethanolamine and distilled water, stirred at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes at 300 rpm, and further 120 parts by weight of distilled water was added.
- the aqueous dispersion (a1) containing the small particle component prepared in Example 1 was mixed with the aqueous dispersion (b2) containing the fine particle component to obtain a sizing solution.
- the ratio was changed from Example 18, and the fine particle component and the small particle component were added to 1000 parts by weight of the emulsion to be 30 parts by weight and 12 parts by weight, respectively, and stirred until dispersed.
- a sizing liquid (emulsion solution for sizing agent) to be 43 parts by weight (other components, 1 part by weight) as the total solid content was prepared.
- the obtained sizing solution was immersed in carbon fiber strands in the same manner as in Example 18, passed through a drying furnace at 170 ° C. for about 120 seconds, then passed through a drying furnace at 150 ° C. for about 120 seconds, dried and heat-treated, A carbon fiber bundle having a width of about 10 mm was obtained.
- the adhesion amount of all sizing agents in the obtained carbon fiber bundle was 1.45 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon fibers.
- the fine particle component was 1.0 part by weight, and the small particle component was 0.41 part by weight (other solid content, 0.04 part by weight). Further, the texture value of this carbon fiber bundle was measured and found to be 170. Further, when the degree of roundness of the strand was evaluated, it was “ ⁇ : a level at which rounding was seen only at the end but could be wound up without any problem”.
- Example 22 Composite material (uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material sheet and random mat))
- two types of composite materials uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite material sheet and random mat
- cold pressing was performed in the same manner as in Example 20 to obtain a molded article (composite).
- the matrix resin and reinforcing fibers were randomly arranged up to the corner of the mold, and a highly uniform molded product (composite material) could be obtained.
- the physical properties were not deteriorated by cold pressing, and the composite was highly durable.
- the uniaxially oriented carbon fiber composite using the obtained carbon fiber bundle had an excellent fiber volume content of 49% and a resin impregnation rate of 89%.
- the random mat had an excellent fiber volume content of 42% and a resin impregnation rate of 86%.
- the present invention provides a carbon fiber bundle excellent in adhesiveness with a matrix resin and excellent in handleability, and a carbon fiber product obtained from the carbon fiber bundle. Furthermore, the present invention provides a carbon fiber bundle in which the sizing agent is less likely to fall off the carbon fiber bundle in the processing step, and a carbon fiber product using the carbon fiber bundle.
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Abstract
Description
炭素繊維複合材料、特に繊維束が拡幅、開繊して用いられるランダムマットに適した炭素繊維束に関し、その表面処理方法の開発が待たれていたのである。
(A)-[NH(CH2)mCO]- m=6から20の整数
(B)-[NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]-
(C)-[NH(CH2)5CO]-
共重合ポリアミド樹脂の融点は60~160℃であることが好ましい。
共重合ポリアミド樹脂のガラス転移点温度は-20~50℃であることが好ましい。
共重合ポリアミドの数平均分子量が1000~50000であることが好ましい。
また、炭素繊維束を構成する炭素繊維の表面に長径10μm未満、厚さ10nm以上の樹脂だまりが点在することが好ましい。
炭素繊維束を構成する炭素繊維の表面の60%以上の面積を厚さ10nm未満の樹脂が被覆していることが好ましい。そして本発明の炭素繊維は、厚さよりも幅が広いテープ状であることが好ましい。
(A)-[NH(CH2)mCO]- m=6から20の整数
(B)-[NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]-
(C)-[NH(CH2)5CO]-
本発明の炭素繊維束の製造方法において、乾燥後に開繊処理を行うことが好ましい。
本発明の炭素繊維束の製造方法において、当該共重合ポリアミド樹脂の積算50%粒子径D50は0.25μm以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の炭素繊維束の製造方法において、当該サイジング液は積算50%粒子径D50が0.25μm未満の粒子を含有することが好ましい。
また、本発明の炭素繊維の製造方法は、乾燥後、加圧処理を行うことが好ましく、さらにはその加圧処理が、2本の支持体と、その支持体の間に位置する1本以上の加圧体によって行われ、加圧処理時の炭素繊維束の温度が、共重合ポリアミド樹脂のガラス転移点温度以上であることがより好ましい。
(A)-[NH(CH2)mCO]- m=6から20の整数
(B)-[NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]-
(C)-[NH(CH2)5CO]-
以下本発明の各構成要件をさらに詳細に説明する。
(A)-[NH(CH2)mCO]- m=6から20の整数
(B)-[NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]-
(C)-[NH(CH2)5CO]-
この繰り返し単位(A)のポリアミドは、1種であっても複数用いても良く、具体例としては11-ナイロン、12-ナイロンが、特に好ましい。
また繰り返し単位(C)としては、いわゆる6ナイロンが該当する。共重合するときに、例えば、ε-カプロラクタムを原料とすることで得ることができる。
また本発明で用いられる共重合ポリアミドの数平均分子量は、1000~50000であることが好ましい。さらには、2000~10000であることが特に好ましい。分子量を大きくすることにより最終的に複合材料にしたときの物性が向上しやすい。しかし分子量が大きすぎる場合には、マトリックス樹脂との相溶性が低下する傾向にあり、界面剥離の面で問題が生じ、最終的に複合材料にしたときの物性が低下する傾向にある。
なお、これらの前記したカルボン酸の塩は、単独あるいは2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
炭素繊維とマトリックス樹脂との接着性を高めるため、表面処理によって炭素繊維の表面に含酸素官能基を導入したものを使用することも好ましい。
そして本発明の炭素繊維束は樹脂成分が、樹脂が付着した炭素繊維束の内層面よりも表層面の方で多く付着していることが好ましい。
(A)-[NH(CH2)mCO]- m=6から20の整数
(B)-[NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]-
(C)-[NH(CH2)5CO]-
そして本発明の炭素繊維の製造方法で用いられるサイジング液としては主成分となる共重合ポリアミド樹脂の含有を必須とするが、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲であれば、共重合ポリアミド以外の成分を含んでいても良い。例えば炭素繊維との接着性を上げる目的で、共重合ポリアミドに加えてカルボン酸の塩をサイジング液に含んでいることが好ましい。カルボン酸の塩の種類や添加量としては、上記の本発明の炭素繊維束にて述べたものと同様である。これらのカルボン酸の塩は、単独あるいは2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
具体的な界面活性剤の例としては、ノニオン性界面活性剤またはアニオン性界面活性剤を用いるのが好ましく、特にはノニオン性界面活性剤であることが好ましい。分散液中での分散粒子の安定性に加えて、水分除去工程やマトリックス含浸工程において分解揮発しやすく、最終的には炭素繊維束表面に界面活性剤が殆ど残存しないからである。さらにノニオン性界面活性剤の好ましい具体例としては、下記式(1)で表されるポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテルが挙げられる。
H2n+1Cn-O-(X-O)p-H (1)
(n=8~22の整数、p=2~20の整数、X:炭素数1~5のアルキレン基)
このようにして得られた水性分散液中の粒子の重量平均粒子径は0.1~1000μmが好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.1~500μmである。また、前記水性分散液中の樹脂濃度としては、1~70重量%とすることが好ましい。
なおここで、小粒子とは積算50%粒子径D50が0.25μm以上の小粒子であり、微小粒子とは積算50%粒子径D50が0.25μm未満の微小粒子であることとする。このような小粒子と微小粒子の2種類の粒子を使用することにより、炭素繊維束へのサイジング剤の含浸性と、含浸、乾燥後の繊維束の風合いのバランスが最適化される。
そして本発明の炭素繊維束の製造方法は、以下の工程1)~2)を含むことが好ましい。
1)炭素繊維束にサイジング剤と水とを含むサイジング液(分散液)を付与する浸漬工程
2)上記1)で得られた炭素繊維束から、水分を除去する乾燥工程
以下各工程について詳述する。
乾燥後の水の含有量は、炭素繊維100重量部に対し、0~1重量部が好ましい。
支持体及び加圧体の素材には特に制限はないが、耐熱性や耐摩耗性の点よりテフロン(登録商標)、ステンレス、特にSUS316が好ましい。また、表面粗度は1.0~10.0μmの範囲が好ましい。表面粗度が左記範囲から逸脱すると、糸切れが発生しやすい。
特に好ましいランダムマットとしては、繊維長2~60mmの開繊された本発明の炭素繊維束と、マトリックス樹脂とを含んで構成され、炭素繊維が25~3000g/m2の目付けにて実質的に面内ランダムに配向しているものであることが好ましい。
用いられる熱可塑性樹脂は特に限定されないが、例えば、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリ乳酸、ポリアミド樹脂、ASA樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリエーテルケトン樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂、ポリフェニレンオキサイド樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂およびこれらの樹脂から選ばれる2種類以上の樹脂組成物が好ましく挙げられる。なかでもポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂等が好ましく挙げられる。
この樹脂中には、無機フィラーを配合したものであることも好ましい。無機フィラーとしては、タルク、珪酸カルシウム、ワラストナイト、モンモリロナイトや各種の無機ナノフィラーを挙げることができる。また、必要に応じて、耐熱安定剤、帯電防止剤、耐候安定剤、耐光安定剤、老化防止剤、酸化防止剤、軟化剤、分散剤、充填剤、着色剤、滑剤など、従来からポリアミド組成物に配合されている他の添加剤を、配合することができる。
ランダムマットにおいては、マトリックス樹脂が、繊維状、粉末状、又は粒状で存在することが好ましい。
1.炭素繊維束をカットする工程、
2.カットされた炭素繊維束を管内に導入し、炭素繊維束を開繊させる工程、
3.炭素繊維束とマトリックス樹脂からランダムマットを形成する工程
そして本発明の繊維束を用いることで、マトリックス樹脂との接着性に優れ、さらには開繊させても炭素繊維束からサイジング剤が脱落することが少なく、種々の用途、目的に適したランダムマットを提供することができる。
一軸配向炭素繊維複合材料における樹脂の存在量が、炭素繊維100重量部に対し、10~500重量部であることが好ましい。より好ましくは20~250重量部である。
これは本発明によって、繊維表面に樹脂が存在することにより、その後に含浸しようとするマトリックス樹脂を引き込む(相溶性がよくなる)効果が生じ、超音波探傷法(C-scan)による内部の未含浸部分としての空孔(ボイド)を減らすことができ、結果的に高い数値となる。
示差走査熱量分析計(DSC)(Perkin Elmer株式会社製「Diamond DSC」)を用いて、昇温速度10℃/分の条件にて測定したときの、結晶融解吸熱ピークの検出値を融点とした。
120℃の熱風乾燥器で水性分散液から水分を除去し、ポリアミドのガラス転移温度をDSC測定装置(セイコーインスツル株式会社製「DSC7020」)で評価した。
レーザー回折型粒度分布測定装置(株式会社堀場製作所製、レーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置、「LA-950」)により粒子径測定を行った。使用した試料は、あらかじめ超音波で3分間処理を行ったものを用いた。そして粒径として、D10(累積10%粒子径)、D50(累積50%粒子径)およびD90(累積90%粒子径)の値を求めた。なお、平均粒子径としてはD50の値を採用した。
サイジング剤を付着した炭素繊維を約5gを採取し、耐熱ガラス製の容器に投入する。次に、この容器を120℃で3時間乾燥し、吸湿しないように注意しながら室温まで冷却後、秤量した値をW1(g)とする。
次いで、容器ごと、窒素雰囲気中、500℃で10分間加熱後、吸湿しないように注意しながら室温まで冷却し、秤量した値をW2(g)とする。
以上の処理を経て、化合物の付着量を、次式により求める。
サイジング剤の付着率=(W1-W2)/W2(%) (2)
同サンプルを7本測定し、その平均値をサイジング剤の付着率とした。
炭素繊維束をロータリーカッターを用いて5mm、20mm、100mmの長さにカットした。それぞれの長さにカットした繊維束を、図1にあるようなラッパ型テーパ管内に導入した。このラッパ型テーパ管は、炭素繊維投入口直径が20mm、吹き出し口直径が55mm、投入口から吹き出し口までの管の長さが400mmあり、かつ管内に1mmの穴を数箇所あけてあるものである。炭素繊維束のテーパ管内への導入時には、テーパ管の前の圧縮空気圧力が0.25MPaとなるように圧縮空気を流し、圧縮空気を吹き付けた前後の重量変化を測定した。
なお下記式(3)により、炭素繊維束からのサイジング剤の脱落率を算出した。
サイジング剤の脱落率x=(吹付前のサイジング剤付着率-吹付後のサイジング剤付着率)/吹付前のサイジング剤付着率 ×100 (%) (3)
脱落率xの数値が大きいほど開繊後のサイジング剤の脱落率が高いといえる。
ここで、吹付前および吹付後のサイジング剤付着率は、上記(4)の方法で測定した。
また炭素繊維束の開繊率としては、20mmにカットしたものを用い、圧縮空気を流吹き付けた後の繊維全体中に存在する幅0.6mm未満の繊維束の重量割合で評価した。
樹脂が付着した炭素繊維束の両表面にグラファイトの粘着シートを0.1MPaの圧力で貼り付けた後、粘着シートの片方を剥がして、剥がした粘着シートに張り付いた炭素繊維束の表面を加速電圧200V、倍率3000倍の条件で走査型電子顕微鏡(SIIナノテクノロジー株式会社製「AURIGA FIB-SEM」)にて観察した。同条件で10視野(1視野のモノフィラメント数は5本)ランダムに撮影し、モノフィラメント50本を観察することで厚さ10nm以上の樹脂だまりを観察した。なお樹脂だまりとしては、長さが10μm未満の樹脂だまり(A)、繊維表面の微小凹凸に沿った樹脂だまり(C)、繊維間の部分に存在する棒状の接続樹脂だまり(D)に分類した。また、同サンプルを加速電圧200V、倍率1000倍の条件で5視野(1視野のモノフィラメント数は10本)撮影し、厚さが10nm未満の樹脂被膜(B)の存在を観察した。
また、上述の樹脂が付着状態にある部分を、各3箇所ずつを本装置付属のFIB装置(集束イオンビーム装置)を用いてフィラメントの破断面を作製した。得られた破断面を70000倍で観察し、平均値を樹脂厚みとした。
サイジング剤中の樹脂成分を蛍光発光させるために、水銀ランプの光源を樹脂付着炭素繊維束に照射し、分散型X線分析装置(株式会社堀場製作所製「エネルギーEMAX ENERGY EX-450」)により、樹脂付着した炭素繊維束表面の蛍光顕微鏡観察を実施した。
次に、炭素繊維束内部の付着状態を確認するために、炭素繊維束の両表面にグラファイトの粘着シートを0.1MPaの圧力で貼り付けた後、粘着シートの片方を剥がして、剥がした粘着シートに張り付いた炭素繊維表面(内層面)の蛍光顕微鏡観察を実施した。この操作を3回繰り返して、樹脂に由来する発光像を比較することで、炭素繊維束内部のサイジング剤の付着状態を確認した。なお、粘着シートにより1回あたり20μmの厚さを剥いでおり、3回では繊維束表面から60μm内部の状態を観察したこととなる。
サイジング剤で使用するポリアミド樹脂粒子の溶融粘度はキャピラリーレオメーター(株式会社東洋精機製作所製「CAPILOGRAPH 1D」)を用い、処理液(エマルジョン)から余分な水分や溶剤を除去する温度、せん断速度6s-1の溶融粘度を測定した。
炭素繊維束の収束度合(風合い度)は、JIS L-1096 E法(ハンドルオメータ法)に準じ、HANDLE-O-Meter(大栄科学精機製作所製「HOM-200」)を用いて測定した。風合い度測定に用いる試験片の長さは10cm、幅はフィラメント数2400本で1mmとなるように強化繊維束を拡幅し調整した。また、スリット幅は10mmに設定した。このスリット溝が設けられた試験台に試験片となる強化繊維束を1束乗せ、ブレードにて溝の一定深さ(8mm)まで試験片を押し込むときに発生する抵抗力(g)を測定した。強化繊維束の風合い度は3回の測定の平均値から得た。
ストランドの丸まりについて、サイジング剤乾燥後から巻き取り工程(ワインダー手前)までの間で、「繊維束の丸まり状態」「巻き取りしやすさ」「繊維束端部の巻き取り時の折れ」に注目し、目視評価を行った。
繊維束に付着したサイジング剤を乾燥後に、再度接触加熱を行った場合において、ストランドの丸まりの度合いをストランドカール値として評価した。すなわち乾燥直後の、例えば最初の支持体に入る前のストランド、及び接触処理直後の、例えば最後の支持体を通過したストランドを各々10cm切り出し、試料とした。その各繊維束ストランドの断面形状を、画像解析ソフトが付属した顕微鏡(ニコン株式会社製「SMZ1000」)で測定し、円弧の中心点と円弧の両末端部を直線で結び、その2つ直線の角度を計測し、ストランドカール値とした。
サイジングした炭素繊維束から、長さ53mmの炭素繊維束を2本用意した。この2本の扁平な炭素繊維束2本の間に長さ3mmのポリアミドフィルム(ナイロン6樹脂フィルム、ユニチカ株式会社製、「エンブレム ON-25」、融点220℃、厚さ25μm)をはさみ、接着部の長さが3mmとなるように、温度260℃にて2分30秒間接着させた。
この2本の繊維束からなる試験片の両端を、長さ50mm、粒度#320の荒さの紙やすり2枚で、各両端をそれぞれ挟み、すべり止め加工とした(図2)。このサンプルを最終的な試験片とし、すべり止め加工をした部分をチャックではさみ、オートグラフ(島津製作所、AGS-X 5kN)を用いてJIS K6850に準拠した引張せん断強度測定を行った。試験速度は3mm/分とし、荷重を与えて引張強度を測定した。7本の試験片を測定し、その平均値を引張せん断強度とした。
15mm角にカットした炭素繊維樹脂複合体の水中での密度を測定し、次にアルミナ製るつぼに入れて550℃に加熱したマッフル炉に30分入れ、マトリックス樹脂を分解させ、分解前後の重量を測定することで、繊維体積含有率を測定した。
超音波探傷法による測定装置(日本クラウトクレーマー株式会社製「SDS-WIN」)を用いて、本発明中の成形板に対して、一軸配向炭素繊維複合体には34dB、ランダムマットには35.5dBの超音波を用いて得られる2次元マッピング像から、含浸度合が前表面積中の70%以上である割合を、含浸率とした。
複合体から 幅15mm×長さ100mmの試験片を切り出し、JIS K7074に準拠した中央荷重とする3点曲げにて評価した。支点間距離を80mmとしたr=2mmの支点上に試験片を置き、支点間中央部にr=5mmの圧子にて、試験速度5mm/分で荷重を与えた場合の最大荷重および中央たわみ量を測定し、曲げ強度および曲げ弾性率を測定した。
70Lのオートクレーブにε-カプロラクタム11kg、アジピン酸ヘキサメチレンアンモニウム塩の50%水溶液を8kg、アミノドデカン酸10kgを仕込み、重合槽内を窒素置換したのち、密閉して180℃まで昇温し、次いで攪拌しながら重合槽内を17.5kgf/cm2に調圧しながら、重合槽内温度を240℃まで昇温した。重合温度が240℃に達して2時間後に重合槽内の圧力を約2時間かけて常圧に放圧した。放圧後、窒素気流下で1時間重合したあと、2時間減圧重合を行った。窒素を導入して常圧に復圧後、攪拌機を止めて、ストランドとして抜き出しペレット化し、沸水を用いて未反応モノマーを抽出除去して乾燥し、三元共重合体ポリアミド粒子を得た。このときの共重合比は、ナイロン6/ナイロン66/ナイロン12(重量比;45/15/40wt%)であった。また、粒径D50が0.4μm(各D10/D50/D90=0.12μm/0.4μm/0.45μm)、融点は140℃であった。
これを、水4000重量部に対して、共重合ポリアミドが100重量部となるようにして攪拌してサイジング液(サイジング剤のエマルジョン溶液)を調製した。
このサイジング液の浴に、未サイジングの炭素繊維ストランド(東邦テナックス社製、登録商標「テナックスSTS-24K N00」、直径7μm×24000フィラメント、繊度1.6g/m、引張強度4000MPa(408kgf/mm2)、引張弾性率238GPa(24.3ton/mm2))を連続的に浸漬させ、フィラメント間にエマルジョンを含浸させた。これを120℃~150℃の乾燥炉に約120秒間通し、乾燥し、幅10mm、厚み0.162mmの炭素繊維束を得た。
また、得られた炭素繊維束中のサイジング剤の付着量は、炭素繊維重量100重量部に対して、1.2重量部であった。ただし風合い値こそ高い値が得られたものの、繊維束は若干丸まり気味であった。
一方、炭素繊維束を形成する各炭素繊維の間の部分には、接続樹脂だまり(D)が観察された。このものの長さは繊維軸方向に連続していて10μm以上の長さであり、平均厚さは615nmのものであった。また単繊維50本を観察したところ18か所に、この接続樹脂だまり(D)が観察された。
実施例1で得られた炭素繊維束を20mmにカットしたもの、およびマトリックス樹脂として、ポリアミド樹脂パウダー(ナイロン6樹脂パウダー、ユニチカ株式会社製「A1030FP」)を用意し、炭素繊維の供給量を600g/min、ポリアミド樹脂パウダーの供給量を730g/minにセットしてテーパ管内に導入した。
テーパ管内で空気を炭素繊維に吹き付けて繊維束を部分的に開繊しつつ、ポリアミド樹脂パウダーとともにテーパ管出口の下部に設置したテーブル上に散布した。散布された炭素繊維およびポリアミド樹脂パウダーを、テーブル下部よりブロワにて吸引し、定着させて、厚み5mmの炭素繊維ランダムマット(複合材料)を得た。
得られた炭素繊維ランダムマットを、260℃に加熱したプレス装置にて、3MPaにて5分間加熱し、繊維と樹脂の全目付け2700g/m2、厚み2.0mm、繊維体積含有率35Vol%の炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた成形板に未含浸部はなく、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度445MPa、曲げ弾性率24GPaであった。
実施例1のアジピン酸ヘキサメチレンアンモニウム塩をω-アミノウンデカン酸に変更し、70Lのオートクレーブへの各仕込み量をε-カプロラクタム15kg、ω-アミノウンデカン酸15kg、アミノドデカン酸20kgとした以外は、実施例1と同様な方法により、三元共重合ポリアミドを得た。このときの共重合比は、ナイロン6/ナイロン11/ナイロン12(重量比;30/30/40wt%)であり、融点は、115℃であった。
このようにして得られたナイロン6/11/12三元共重合ポリアミド樹脂を用いて、実施例1と同様な方法により、ポリアミド樹脂組成物の水性分散液を得た。以下これを、小粒子成分を含有する水性分散液(a2)とする。そして、実施例1と同様にサイジング液(サイジング剤のエマルジョン溶液)を調製した。
この三元共重合ポリアミドを120℃の熱風乾燥器で水性分散液から水分を除去し、この三元共重合ポリアミドのガラス転移温度を測定したところ、28℃であった。また、ポリアミド粒子の粒子径を測定したところ、累積50%粒子径(D50)が0.57μmであった。
得られた強化繊維束中のサイジング剤の付着量は、強化繊維重量100重量部に対して1.0重量部であり、強化繊維束の風合い度は120gであった。
一方、炭素繊維束を形成する各炭素繊維の間の部分には、接続樹脂だまり(D)が観察された。このものの長さは繊維軸方向に連続していて10μm以上の長さであり、平均厚さは648nmのものであった。また単繊維50本を観察したところ21か所に、この接続樹脂だまり(D)が観察された。
そして、実施例1と同様の方法でサイジングした炭素繊維束を得た後、付着量、引張せん断強度、脱落率を測定したところ、表1に示すとおり、引張せん断強度は高く、サイジング剤の脱落率は低かった。
実施例3の炭素繊維束を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にランダムマット(複合材料)を得て、得られた炭素繊維ランダムマットを、260℃に加熱したプレス装置にて、3MPaにて5分間加熱し、繊維と樹脂の全目付け2700g/m2、厚み2.0mm、繊維体積含有率35Vol%の炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた成形板に未含浸部はなく、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度420MPa、曲げ弾性率24GPaであった。
実施例1のε-カプロラクタムをω-アミノウンデカン酸に変更し、70Lのオートクレーブへの各仕込み量をアジピン酸ヘキサメチレンアンモニウム塩の50%水溶液を30kg、ω-アミノウンデカン酸15kg、アミノドデカン酸20kgとした以外は、実施例1と同様な方法により、三元共重合ポリアミドを得た。このときの共重合比は、ナイロン66/ナイロン11/ナイロン12=30/30/40(重量比)であり、融点は、105℃であった。このようにして得られたナイロン66/11/12三元共重合ポリアミド樹脂を用いて、実施例1と同様な方法により、ポリアミド樹脂組成物の水性分散液を得た。
そして、実施例1と同様の方法でサイジングした炭素繊維束を得た後、付着量、引張せん断強度、脱落率を測定したところ、表1に示すとおり、引張せん断強度は高く、サイジング剤の脱落率は低かった。
実施例5の炭素繊維束を用いた以外は実施例2と同様の方法に、ランダムマット(複合材料)を得て、これをプレス処理して炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた成形板に未含浸部はなく、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度427MPa、曲げ弾性率25GPaであった。
実施例1で得られた三元共重合ポリアミドを25重量%に調整したエチレン-アクリル酸共重合体のアンモニウム塩水溶液を用いることなく、水性分散液とし、実施例1と同様の方法でサイジングした炭素繊維束を得た後、付着量、引張せん断強度、サイジング剤の脱落率を測定したところ、表1に示すとおり、引張せん断強度は高く、サイジング剤の脱落率は低かった。
実施例7の炭素繊維束を用いた以外は実施例2と同様に、ランダムマット(複合材料)を得て、これをプレス処理して炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた成形板に未含浸部はなく、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度415MPa、曲げ弾性率24GPaであった。
実施例1のアミノドデカン酸を使用せずに、70Lのオートクレーブへの仕込み量をε-カプロラクタム17.5kg、アジピン酸ヘキサメチレンアンモニウム塩の50%水溶液を6kgとした以外は、実施例1と同様な方法により、二元共重合ポリアミドを得た。
このときの共重合比は、ナイロン6/ナイロン66=85/15(重量比)であり、融点は、200℃であった。
このようにして得られたナイロン6/66二元共重合ポリアミド樹脂を用いて、撹拌機を取り付けたオートクレーブの温度を240℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様な方法により、ポリアミド樹脂組成物の水性分散液を得た。
そして、実施例1と同様の方法でサイジングした炭素繊維束を得た後、付着量、引張せん断強度、脱落率を測定したところ、表1に示すとおり、引張せん断強度低く、サイジング剤の脱落率は高かった。
比較例1の炭素繊維束を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にランダムマットを得て、これをプレス処理して炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板を得た。得られた成形板は未含浸部を有しており、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度390MPa、曲げ弾性率24GPaであった。
実施例1のアジピン酸ヘキサメチレンアンモニウム塩を使用せずに、70Lのオートクレーブへの仕込み量をε-カプロラクタム16.5kg、アミノドデカン酸4kg、純水2Lとした以外は、実施例1と同様な方法により、二元共重合ポリアミドを得た。このときの共重合比は、ナイロン6/ナイロン12=80/20(重量比)であり、融点は、188℃であった。
このようにして得られたナイロン6/12二元共重合ポリアミド樹脂を用いて、撹拌機を取り付けたオートクレーブの温度を240℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様な方法により、ポリアミド樹脂組成物の水性分散液を得た。
そして、実施例1と同様の方法でサイジングした炭素繊維束を得た後、付着量、引張せん断強度、脱落率を測定したところ、表1に示すとおり、引張せん断強度低く、サイジング剤の脱落率は高かった。
比較例3の炭素繊維束を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にランダムマットを得て、これをプレス処理して炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板を得た。得られた成形板は未含浸部を有しており、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度400MPa、曲げ弾性率23GPaであった。
実施例1の炭素繊維束を用いて、炭素繊維束を5mmにカットした以外は、実施例2と同様にランダムマットを得て、これをプレス処理して炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板を得た。得られた成形板は若干だが未含浸部を有しており、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度430MPa、曲げ弾性率23GPaであった。
実施例1の炭素繊維束を用いて、炭素繊維束を100mmにカットした以外は、実施例2と同様にランダムマット(複合材料)を得て、これをプレス処理して炭素繊維ランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた成形板は若干だが未含浸部を有しており、曲げ物性は、曲げ強度420MPa、曲げ弾性率22GPaであった。
実施例1で得られた炭素繊維束を丸棒でしごきながら、一方向に引き揃えて、シート状として、シートの上下に、炭素繊維100体積部に対してポリアミド6樹脂100体積部となる様にポリアミド6フィルム(ユニチカ株式会社製、「エンブレム」を用い、30μm厚みのフィルムにしたもの)を乗せ、260℃のホットプレスにて2.5MPaの圧力をかけて一軸配向炭素繊維複合材料シートを得た。一軸配向炭素繊維複合材料シートの炭素繊維目付は、100g/m2で、炭素繊維含有率は50vol%であった。
シートの断面を顕微鏡観察したところ、ポリアミド6樹脂の未含浸部はなかった。この一軸配向炭素繊維複合材料シートを一方向に18枚重ね、260℃に加熱したプレス装置にて、3.0MPaにて15分間加熱し、t=2.0mmの成形板(一軸配向炭素繊維複合体)を得た。
得られた成形板の一軸方向の曲げ物性は、曲げ強度1250MPa、曲げ弾性率100GPaであった。
実施例1と同様にして、ナイロン6/ナイロン66/ナイロン12(重量比;45/15/40wt%)の三元共重合ポリアミド粒子を得た。粒径D50が0.4μm、融点は140℃、ガラス転移点温度は32℃であった。そして実施例1と同様にポリアミド樹脂組成物を含有する水性分散液(a1)を作成した。
そしてポリアミド樹脂の水性分散液300g(40重量%濃度)に、水11820gと、20℃で液体のノニオン系界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル系界面活性剤(ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、花王株式会社製、「エマルゲン103」)5gとを、室温で撹拌しながら追加し、ポリアミド粒子が分散したサイジング液(エマルジョン、界面活性剤濃度0.04重量%)を得た。
このサイジング液を未サイジングの炭素繊維束(東邦テナックス株式会社製、「テナックスSTS-24K N00」)に含浸し、ナイロン6/ナイロン66/ナイロン12三元共重合ポリアミド樹脂を付着させた。
得られた繊維束を180℃の乾燥炉に120秒間通して、繊維束を乾燥させた。
この樹脂付着炭素繊維束の開繊率を測定したところ、58%の高い開繊率が得られた。
実施例12の58%の高い開繊率が得られた11mmの炭素繊維束と、マトリックスとなる熱可塑性樹脂(ナイロン6樹脂パウダー、ユニチカ株式会社製「A1030FP」)とを用意し、実施例2と同様にしてランダムマット(複合材料)を得た。そして、そのランダムマットをプレスして繊維と樹脂の全目付け2700g/m2、厚み2.0mm、繊維体積含有率35Vol%のランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた複合体に未含浸部はなく、その曲げ物性は、曲げ強度483MPa、曲げ弾性率25GPaとのきわめて優秀なものであった。
実施例3と同様にして、ナイロン6/ナイロン11/ナイロン12(重量比;30/30/40wt%)の三元共重合ポリアミド粒子を得た。粒径D50が0.57μm、融点は115℃、ガラス転移点温度は28℃であった。そして実施例3と同様にポリアミド樹脂組成物を含有する水性分散液(a2)を作成した。
そしてポリアミド樹脂の水性分散液300g(40重量%濃度)に、水11820gと、20℃で液体のノニオン系界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル系界面活性剤(ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル、花王株式会社製、「エマルゲン103」)5gとを、室温で撹拌しながら追加し、ポリアミド粒子が分散したサイジング液(エマルジョン、界面活性剤濃度0.04重量%)を得た。
このサイジング液液を未サイジングの炭素繊維束(東邦テナックス株式会社製、「テナックスSTS-24K N00」)に含浸し、ナイロン6/ナイロン11/ナイロン12三元共重合ポリアミド樹脂を付着させた。得られた繊維束を150℃の乾燥炉に120秒間通して繊維束を乾燥させた。
乾燥機出口から出たこの繊維束を、この3本ロール装置に連続的に通した後、ワインダーで巻き取った。中間点の加圧体を通過するストランドの表面温度を測定したところ、88℃でありサイジング剤の樹脂成分のガラス転移温度28℃より60℃高温であった。また、炭素繊維束は第1支持体から第2支持体まで約1.2秒で通過し、第2支持体を通過した樹脂付着強化繊維束に反りや繊維軸方向への折れ畳みはなく、繊維束幅は10mm(接触加熱処理前の1.25倍)に拡幅していた。ストランド断面の円弧中心部と円弧の両末端部を繋ぐ角度は180度であった。得られた樹脂付着強化繊維束の樹脂付着量は0.51wt%であった。また、樹脂付着強化繊維束の表面と内層面を蛍光顕微鏡で観察したところ、繊維束表層面に樹脂が多く付着し、内層ほど樹脂付着が少なかった。
一方、炭素繊維束を形成する各炭素繊維の間の部分には、接続樹脂だまり(D)が観察された。このものの長さは繊維軸方向に連続していて10μm以上の長さであり、平均厚さは648nmのものであった。また単繊維50本を観察したところ19か所に、この接続樹脂だまり(D)が観察された。
次に、樹脂付着強化繊維束の開繊率を測定したところ、56%の高い開繊率が得られた。
実施例14の56%の高い開繊率が得られた10mmの炭素繊維束と、マトリックスとなる熱可塑性樹脂(ナイロン6樹脂パウダー、ユニチカ株式会社製「A1030FP」)とを用意し、実施例2と同様にしてランダムマット(複合材料)を得た。そして、そのランダムマットをプレスして繊維と樹脂の全目付け2700g/m2、厚み2.0mm、繊維体積含有率35Vol%のランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた複合体に未含浸部はなく、その曲げ物性は、曲げ強度473MPa、曲げ弾性率25GPaとのきわめて優秀なものであった。
実施例14と同じく、未サイジングの炭素繊維束に、実施例3のナイロン6/ナイロン11/ナイロン12三元共重合ポリアミド樹脂を付着させた繊維束を150℃の乾燥炉に120秒間通して乾燥した繊維束を用いた。
実施例14の第1支持体、第2支持体、加圧体の各ロールを、固定式棒状体から回転式棒状体に変更した以外は、実施例13と同様な方法で樹脂付着強化繊維束を作製した。この繊維束は表面に単繊維に由来する毛羽が少なく、品質に優れたものであった。また第2支持体を通過した樹脂付着強化繊維束に反りや繊維軸方向への折れ畳みはなく、繊維束幅は10mm(接触加熱処理前の1.25倍)に拡幅していた。ストランド断面の円弧中心部と円弧の両末端部を繋ぐ角度は180度であった。得られた樹脂付着強化繊維束の樹脂付着量は0.51wt%であった。また、表層と内層部を蛍光顕微鏡で観察したところ、繊維束表層面に樹脂が多く付着し、内層ほど樹脂付着が少なかった。
次に、得られた繊維束について開繊率を測定したところ、54%の高い開繊率が得られた。
また実施例2と同様に、ただし実施例16の炭素繊維束を用い、ランダムマット(複合材料)を得た。そして、そのランダムマットをプレスして繊維と樹脂の全目付け2700g/m2、厚み2.0mm、繊維体積含有率35Vol%のランダムマット複合材料成型板(複合体)を得た。得られた複合体に未含浸部はなく、その曲げ物性は、曲げ強度474MPa、曲げ弾性率24GPaとのきわめて優秀なものであった。
微小粒子成分を含む水性分散液(b1)を調製した。
すなわちサイジング剤の微小粒子成分として、粒径D50が0.1μm(各D10/D50/D90=0.07μm/0.1μm/0.2μm)のポリアミド樹脂を含有するナイロン系水性エマルジョン溶液である、水系分散液(b1)(樹脂濃度25wt%)を準備した。
ここで微粒子となる熱可塑性樹脂粒子は、ダイマー酸(重合脂肪酸、築野食品工業社製「ツノダイム395」ダイマー酸含有率94%)とエチレンジアミン、アゼライン酸、ピペラジンを原料としたポリアミド樹脂(ダイマー酸がジカルボン酸成分全体の90モル%)を、イソプロピルアルコール、テトラヒドロフラン、トリエチルアミン、トルエンおよび蒸留水と共に乳化装置に仕込み、130℃で60分、400rpmで撹拌し、更に170重量部の蒸留水を加えた後、80℃に加熱した湯浴につけながら減圧し、イソプロピルアルコール、テトラヒドロフラン、トルエン、水の混合媒体を留去したものであり、最終的にはナイロン系水性エマルジョン溶液(水系分散液(b1))(樹脂濃度25wt%)として用いた。
すなわち、微小粒子成分、小粒子成分がそれぞれ、エマルジョン1000重量部に対してそれぞれ15重量部、12重量部となるように添加し、分散するまで攪拌し、その他の成分を含め全固形分量としては28重量部(その他の成分、1重量部)となるサイジング液(サイジング剤用のエマルジョン溶液)を調製した。
これを170℃の乾燥炉に約120秒間通したあと、150℃の乾燥炉に約120秒間通し、乾燥・熱処理し、幅約10mmの炭素繊維束を得た。
続いて、実施例18で得られた炭素繊維束を丸棒でしごきながら、一方向に引き揃えて、シート状として、シートの上下に、炭素繊維100体積部に対してポリアミド6樹脂100体積部となる様にポリアミド6フィルム(ユニチカ株式会社製「エンブレム」25μm厚みのフィルム、融点230℃)を乗せ、260℃のホットプレスにて2.5MPaの圧力をかけて一軸配向炭素繊維複合材料シートを得た。一軸配向炭素繊維複合材料シートの炭素繊維目付は、100g/m2で、これを一方向に18枚重ね、260℃に加熱したプレス装置にて、3.0MPaの圧力下にて15分間加熱し、徐冷することで成形板(一軸配向炭素繊維複合体)を得た。
ここで得られた炭素繊維束を用いた成形板の厚みは1.73mmであり、繊維体積含有率(Vf)は49%であった。また、超音波探傷法の2次元マッピング(C-scan)による測定から得られた含浸率は92であった。
実施例18で得られた炭素繊維束を用いて、等方性炭素繊維複合材料(ランダムマット)を作製した。すなわち、該炭素繊維束を16mmにカットしたもの、およびポリアミド6樹脂パウダー(ナイロン6樹脂パウダー、ユニチカ株式会社製「A1030FP」、融点230℃)を、炭素繊維の供給量を450g/min、ポリアミド6樹脂パウダーの供給量を480g/minにセットしてテーパ管内に導入し、ポリアミド6樹脂パウダーとともにテーパ管出口の下部に設置したテーブル上に散布した。散布された炭素繊維およびポリアミド6樹脂パウダーを、テーブル下部よりブロワにて吸引し、定着させて、厚み5mm程度の未成形段階の良好な炭素繊維ランダムマット(複合材料)を得た。
この実施例18で得られた炭素繊維束を用いた中間基材(ランダムマット炭素繊維複合体)の繊維体積含有率(Vf)は42Vol%であった。また、超音波探傷法の2次元マッピング(C-scan)による測定から得られた含浸率は89であり、良好なランダムマット炭素繊維複合体を得た。
さらにここで得られた中間基材1枚を300℃となるまで昇温し、厚さ1.6mmである金型にて、金型温度130℃のコールドプレスを行い、成形品(複合材料)を得た。金型の隅の部分までマトリックス樹脂と補強用繊維がランダムに配置され、均一性の高い成形品(複合材料)を得ることができた。またコールドプレスによる物性の低下も見られず、耐久性も高い複合体であった。
微小粒子成分を含む水性分散液(b2)を調製した。
すなわちサイジング剤の微小粒子成分として、粒径D50が0.07μm(各D10/D50/D90=0.05μm/0.07μm/0.09μm)のポリアミド樹脂を含有するナイロン系水性エマルジョン溶液である、水性樹脂エマルジョン(b2)(樹脂濃度20wt%)を準備した。
ここで微粒子となる熱可塑性樹脂粒子は、ダイマー酸(重合脂肪酸、築野食品工業社製「ツノダイム395」ダイマー酸含有率94%)とエチレンジアミンを原料としたポリアミド樹脂(ダイマー酸がジカルボン酸成分全体の100モル%)を、イソプロピルアルコール、テトラヒドロフラン、N,N-ジメチルエタノールアミンおよび蒸留水と共に乳化装置に仕込み、120℃で60分、300rpmで撹拌し、更に120重量部の蒸留水を加えた後、80℃に加熱した湯浴につけながら減圧し、イソプロピルアルコール、テトラヒドロフラン、水の混合媒体を留去したものであり、最終的にはナイロン系水性エマルジョン溶液(水系分散液(b2))(樹脂濃度20wt%)として用いた。
ただし、実施例18とは比率を変更し、微小粒子成分、小粒子成分がそれぞれ、エマルジョン1000重量部に対してそれぞれ30重量部、12重量部となるように添加し、分散するまで攪拌し、全固形分量としては43重量部(その他の成分、1重量部)となるサイジング液(サイジング剤用のエマルジョン溶液)を調製した。
得られた炭素繊維束中の全サイジング剤の付着量は、炭素繊維100重量部に対して、1.45重量部であった。微小粒子成分は1.0重量部、小粒子成分小粒子成分は0.41重量部(その他固形分、0.04重量部)となった。また、この炭素繊維束の風合い値を測定したところ、170であった。また、ストランドの丸まり程度を評価すると、「○:端のみに丸まりが見られるが、問題なく巻き取りできるレベル」であった。
続いて、実施例21で得られた炭素繊維束を用いて、実施例19及び20と同様に2種の複合材料(一軸配向炭素繊維複合材料シート及びランダムマット)を作製した。さらにここで得られたランダムマットを用いて実施例20と同様にコールドプレスを行い、成形品(複合体)を得た。金型の隅の部分までマトリックス樹脂と補強用繊維がランダムに配置され、均一性の高い成形品(複合材料)を得ることができた。またコールドプレスによる物性の低下も見られず、耐久性も高い複合体であった。
得られた炭素繊維束を用いた一軸配向炭素繊維複合体の繊維体積含有率は49%、樹脂含浸率は89%の優れたものであった。またランダムマットの繊維体積含有率は42%、樹脂含浸率は86%との優れたものであった。
本出願は、2012年3月9日出願の日本特許出願(特願2012-052912)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (19)
- 表面にサイジング剤が付着してなる炭素繊維束であって、炭素繊維束が複数の炭素繊維を含んでなり、サイジング剤が共重合ポリアミド樹脂を含有し、当該共重合ポリアミド樹脂が下記の繰り返し単位(A)と、繰り返し単位(B)および繰り返し単位(C)の少なくとも一方とを含み、当該共重合ポリアミド樹脂の融点が180℃以下であることを特徴とする炭素繊維束。
(A)-[NH(CH2)mCO]- m=6から20の整数
(B)-[NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]-
(C)-[NH(CH2)5CO]- - 共重合ポリアミド樹脂における繰り返し単位(A)の割合が30重量%以上である請求項1に記載の炭素繊維束。
- 共重合ポリアミド樹脂における繰り返し単位(A)の割合が40~90重量%であり、繰り返し単位(B)および繰り返し単位(C)の合計の割合が10~60重量%である請求項1に記載の炭素繊維束。
- 共重合ポリアミド樹脂の融点が60~140℃である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の炭素繊維束。
- 共重合ポリアミド樹脂のガラス転移点温度が-20~50℃である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束。
- 共重合ポリアミドの数平均分子量が1000~50000である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束。
- 炭素繊維束を構成する炭素繊維の表面に長径10μm未満、厚さ10nm以上の樹脂だまりが点在する請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束。
- 炭素繊維束を構成する炭素繊維の表面の60%以上の面積を厚さ10nm未満の樹脂が被覆している請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束。
- 厚さよりも幅が広いテープ状である請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束。
- 炭素繊維束にサイジング液を付与し乾燥する炭素繊維束の製造方法であって、当該サイジング液が共重合ポリアミド樹脂を含有し、当該共重合ポリアミド樹脂が下記の繰り返し単位(A)と、繰り返し単位(B)および繰り返し単位(C)の少なくとも一方とを含み、当該共重合ポリアミド樹脂の融点が180℃以下であることを特徴とする炭素繊維束の製造方法。
(A)-[NH(CH2)mCO]- m=6から20の整数
(B)-[NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO]-
(C)-[NH(CH2)5CO]- - 乾燥温度が当該共重合ポリアミド樹脂の融点以上である請求項10記載の炭素繊維束の製造方法。
- 乾燥後に開繊処理を行う請求項10または11記載の炭素繊維束の製造方法。
- 当該共重合ポリアミド樹脂の積算50%粒子径D50が0.25μm以上である請求項10~12のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束の製造方法。
- 当該サイジング液が積算50%粒子径D50が0.25μm未満の粒子を含有する請求項10~13のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束の製造方法。
- 乾燥後に加圧処理を行う請求項10~14のいずれか1項記載の炭素繊維束の製造方法。
- 加圧処理が、2本の支持体と、その支持体の間に位置する1本以上の加圧体によって行われ、加圧処理時の炭素繊維束の温度が、共重合ポリアミド樹脂のガラス転移点温度以上である請求項15記載の炭素繊維束の製造方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の炭素繊維束を開繊して得られる炭素繊維製品。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の炭素繊維束をカットした不連続繊維を含むランダムマット。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の炭素繊維束とマトリックス樹脂を含む複合材料。
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JPWO2013133421A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
KR20140133831A (ko) | 2014-11-20 |
JP5606650B2 (ja) | 2014-10-15 |
JP6105332B2 (ja) | 2017-03-29 |
US9506169B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
JP2013213209A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
KR101965470B1 (ko) | 2019-04-03 |
US20150025191A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
CN104204342A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2824235A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
EP2824235A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
CN104204342B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP2824235B1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
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