WO2013115359A1 - パワーモジュール用基板、ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板、パワーモジュール、パワーモジュール用基板の製造方法、および銅部材接合用ペースト - Google Patents
パワーモジュール用基板、ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板、パワーモジュール、パワーモジュール用基板の製造方法、および銅部材接合用ペースト Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013115359A1 WO2013115359A1 PCT/JP2013/052347 JP2013052347W WO2013115359A1 WO 2013115359 A1 WO2013115359 A1 WO 2013115359A1 JP 2013052347 W JP2013052347 W JP 2013052347W WO 2013115359 A1 WO2013115359 A1 WO 2013115359A1
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- copper
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- C04B2237/366—Aluminium nitride
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- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/60—Forming at the joining interface or in the joining layer specific reaction phases or zones, e.g. diffusion of reactive species from the interlayer to the substrate or from a substrate to the joining interface, carbide forming at the joining interface
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- C04B2237/704—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the ceramic layers or articles
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
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- C04B2237/706—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the metallic layers or articles
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- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
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- C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
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- C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/633—Specific applications or type of materials thickness, density, surface weight (unit area)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/321—Disposition
- H01L2224/32151—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/32221—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/32225—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/013—Alloys
- H01L2924/0132—Binary Alloys
- H01L2924/01322—Eutectic Alloys, i.e. obtained by a liquid transforming into two solid phases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0137—Materials
- H05K2201/0175—Inorganic, non-metallic layer, e.g. resist or dielectric for printed capacitor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power module substrate, a power module substrate with a heat sink, a power module, a method for manufacturing the power module substrate, and a copper member bonding paste used in a semiconductor device that controls a large current and a high voltage.
- This application is filed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-020171 filed in Japan on February 1, 2012, Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-020172 filed in Japan on February 1, 2012, and in Japan on December 6, 2012. Claiming priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-267298 filed and Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-267299 filed in Japan on December 6, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- a power module for supplying power has a relatively high calorific value, and examples of substrates on which the module is mounted include AlN (aluminum nitride), Al 2 O 3 (alumina), and Si 3 N 4.
- a power module substrate including a metal layer formed by bonding is used.
- a semiconductor element such as a power element is mounted on the circuit layer via a solder material.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a power module substrate using an aluminum plate as a first metal plate (circuit layer) and a second metal plate (metal layer).
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose an active metal method in which a first metal plate (circuit layer) and a second metal plate (metal layer) are copper plates, and the copper plates are made of an Ag—Cu—Ti brazing material. Has proposed a power module substrate bonded to a ceramic substrate.
- an aluminum plate is used as the first metal plate constituting the circuit layer.
- the thermal conductivity of aluminum is low. Therefore, when an aluminum plate is used as a circuit layer, heat from a heating element such as an electrical component mounted on the circuit layer is higher than when a copper plate is used. Can't spread and spread. For this reason, when the power density increases due to downsizing and high output of the electronic component, there is a possibility that heat cannot be sufficiently dissipated.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 since the circuit layer is made of a copper plate, it is possible to efficiently dissipate heat from a heating element such as an electrical component mounted on the circuit layer. As described in Patent Documents 2 and 3, when a copper plate and a ceramic substrate are joined by an active metal method, an Ag—Cu—Ti brazing material is bonded to Cu at the joint between the copper plate and the ceramic substrate. The copper member and the ceramic member are joined by melting and solidifying by the reaction of Ag, and an Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer is formed.
- the Ag-Cu eutectic structure layer is very hard, when a thermal cycle is applied to the power module substrate described above, when a shear stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic substrate and the copper plate is applied. In addition, there is a problem that the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer is not deformed, and the ceramic substrate is cracked.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is for a power module in which a copper plate made of copper or a copper alloy is bonded to a ceramic substrate, and the generation of cracks in the ceramic substrate during a heat cycle load can be suppressed. It is an object to provide a substrate, a power module substrate with a heat sink, a power module, a method for manufacturing a power module substrate, and a copper member bonding paste.
- a power module substrate is formed by laminating and bonding a copper plate made of copper or a copper alloy on a surface of a ceramic substrate, and between the copper plate and the ceramic substrate.
- a nitride layer is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, and an Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m or less is formed between the nitride layer and the copper plate.
- the ceramic substrate and the copper plate are subjected to a thermal cycle load. Even when shearing stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the copper plate and the copper plate is appropriately deformed, cracking of the ceramic substrate can be suppressed. Further, since the nitride layer is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, the ceramic substrate and the copper plate can be reliably bonded.
- the ceramic substrate is preferably made of either AlN or Si 3 N 4 .
- a nitride layer (a nitride different from the nitride constituting the ceramic substrate) is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate due to a reaction between nitrogen contained in the ceramic substrate and a nitride-forming element.
- the ceramic substrate and the nitride layer are firmly bonded.
- the nitride layer preferably contains a nitride of one or more elements (nitride forming elements) selected from Ti, Hf, Zr, and Nb.
- the ceramic substrate and the nitride layer are firmly bonded, and the ceramic substrate and the copper plate can be firmly bonded.
- a power module substrate with a heat sink includes the power module substrate described above and a heat sink bonded to the power module substrate to cool the power module substrate.
- the heat generated in the power module substrate can be dissipated by the heat sink. Since the copper plate and the ceramic substrate are securely bonded, the heat of the power module substrate can be reliably transmitted to the heat sink side.
- a power module according to another aspect of the present invention includes the above-described power module substrate and an electronic component mounted on the circuit layer. According to the power module of this configuration, the heat from the electronic components mounted on the circuit layer can be efficiently dissipated, and even when the power density (heat generation amount) of the electronic components is improved, it is sufficient It can correspond to.
- a method for manufacturing a power module substrate is a method for manufacturing a power module substrate in which a copper plate made of copper or a copper alloy is laminated and bonded to the surface of a ceramic substrate, the ceramic substrate A copper member bonding paste coating step of forming Ag and a nitride-forming element layer containing Ag and a nitride-forming element on at least one of the bonding surface of the copper plate and the bonding surface of the copper plate; and the formation of Ag and the nitride A laminating step of laminating the ceramic substrate and the copper plate through an element layer, and pressurizing and heating the laminated ceramic substrate and the copper plate in the laminating direction, and a molten metal region at an interface between the ceramic substrate and the copper plate The ceramic substrate and the copper plate are joined by solidifying the molten metal region And in the heating step, the molten metal region is formed at the interface between the ceramic substrate and the copper plate by diffusing Ag to the copper plate side, and a nitrid
- the molten metal region is formed at the interface between the ceramic substrate and the copper plate by diffusing Ag to the copper plate side.
- the thickness of the molten metal region can be kept thin, and the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer generated in the molten metal region can be reduced to 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the nitride layer is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, the ceramic substrate and the copper plate can be firmly bonded.
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer may be not less than 0.1 ⁇ m and not more than 15 ⁇ m, for example.
- the nitride forming element is preferably one or more elements selected from Ti, Hf, Zr, and Nb.
- a nitride layer containing nitrides of Ti, Hf, Zr, and Nb can be formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, and the ceramic substrate and the copper plate can be firmly bonded.
- a particularly preferable element from the viewpoint of cost is Ti.
- the copper member bonding paste application step it is preferable to add one or more additional elements selected from In, Sn, Al, Mn and Zn in addition to Ag and nitride forming elements.
- additional elements selected from In, Sn, Al, Mn and Zn in addition to Ag and nitride forming elements.
- the copper member bonding paste application step it is preferable to apply a paste containing Ag and a nitride-forming element.
- Ag and a nitride-forming element layer can be reliably formed on at least one of the bonding surface of the ceramic substrate and the bonding surface of the copper plate.
- the Ag and nitride-forming element layer-containing paste may contain a hydride of the nitride-forming element.
- hydrogen of the hydride of the nitride forming element acts as a reducing agent, so that an oxide film or the like formed on the surface of the copper plate can be removed, and Ag diffusion and formation of the nitride layer can be reliably performed. it can.
- a copper member bonding paste according to another aspect of the present invention is a copper member bonding paste used for bonding a copper member made of copper or a copper alloy and a ceramic member, and includes forming Ag and the nitride.
- the copper member bonding paste having this configuration has a powder component containing Ag and a nitride-forming element. Therefore, when the paste is applied to the bonding portion between the copper member and the ceramic member and heated, As Ag diffuses to the copper member side, a molten metal region is formed by the reaction between Cu and Ag. And a copper member and a ceramic member are joined because the said molten metal area
- the composition of the powder component is such that the content of the nitride-forming element is 0.4 mass% or more and 75 mass% or less, and the balance is Ag and inevitable impurities, the nitride layer is formed on the surface of the ceramic member. Can be formed.
- the ceramic member and the copper member are bonded via the nitride layer, the bonding strength of the ceramic substrate and the copper plate can be improved. If the content of the nitride-forming element is less than 0.4% by mass, the nitride layer cannot be reliably formed, and the bonding strength between the ceramic substrate and the copper plate may be deteriorated.
- the content of the nitride-forming element exceeds 75% by mass, the amount of Ag diffusing into the copper member cannot be secured, and the ceramic substrate and the copper plate may not be bonded.
- the content of the nitride forming element is set in the range of 0.4 mass% or more and 75 mass% or less.
- the powder component may be a mixture of Ag powder and nitride-forming element powder, or may be an alloy powder of Ag and nitride-forming element.
- the particle size of the powder constituting the powder component is preferably 40 ⁇ m or less. In this case, it becomes possible to apply
- the particle size of the powder may be, for example, 0.01 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the content of the powder component is preferably 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less.
- the content of the powder component is 40% by mass or more, Ag can be diffused into the copper member to reliably form the molten metal region, and the copper member and the ceramic member can be joined. A nitride layer can be reliably formed on the surface of the ceramic member.
- the content of the powder component is 90% by mass or less, the content of the resin and the solvent is ensured and can be reliably applied to the joint between the copper member and the ceramic member.
- the powder component may contain a hydride of the nitride-forming element.
- the hydrogen of the nitride forming element hydride acts as a reducing agent, the oxide film formed on the surface of the copper plate can be removed, and the diffusion of Ag and the formation of the nitride layer can be performed reliably. .
- the powder component contains one or more additive elements selected from In, Sn, Al, Mn, and Zn in addition to the Ag and the nitride-forming element, and the content of Ag is at least It is preferable that it is 25 mass% or more.
- the molten metal region can be formed at a lower temperature, and the diffusion of Ag more than necessary is suppressed, and the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer can be reduced.
- a dispersant is preferably included.
- Ag can be diffused uniformly, and a nitride layer can also be formed uniformly.
- the shape of the copper member bonding paste can be formed relatively freely and can be reliably applied to the bonding portion between the copper member and the ceramic member.
- a reducing agent is included in addition to the powder component, the resin and the solvent.
- the action of the reducing agent can remove the oxide film or the like formed on the surface of the powder component, and the diffusion of Ag and the formation of the nitride layer can be reliably performed.
- the manufacturing method of the joined body which concerns on the other aspect of this invention is a manufacturing method of the joined body formed by joining the copper member and ceramic member which consist of copper or a copper alloy, Comprising: Between the said copper member and the said ceramic member, In the meantime, heat treatment is performed with the above-described copper member bonding paste interposed, and the copper member and the ceramic member are bonded.
- the molten metal region can be formed by diffusing Ag contained in the copper member bonding paste to the copper member side, and the copper member and the ceramic member are bonded by solidifying the molten metal region. it can. Therefore, since the hard Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer is formed thin, the occurrence of cracks in the ceramic member can be suppressed.
- a nitride layer can be formed on the surface of the ceramic member, and the bonding strength between the copper member and the ceramic member can be improved.
- the copper plate which consists of copper or a copper alloy is joined to the ceramic substrate, the substrate for power modules which can suppress generation
- the hard Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer is not formed thick, the occurrence of cracks in the ceramic member can be suppressed, and the copper member can be surely formed. It is possible to provide a copper member bonding paste capable of bonding a ceramic member and a bonded body manufacturing method using the copper member bonding paste.
- FIG. 1 shows a power module substrate 50 with a heat sink and a power module 1 using the power module substrate 10 according to this embodiment.
- the power module 1 includes a power module substrate 10 on which a circuit layer 12 is disposed, a semiconductor element 3 (electronic component) bonded to the surface of the circuit layer 12 via a solder layer 2, a buffer plate 41, And a heat sink 51.
- the solder layer 2 is made of, for example, a Sn—Ag, Sn—In, or Sn—Ag—Cu solder material.
- a Ni plating layer (not shown) is provided between the circuit layer 12 and the solder layer 2.
- the power module substrate 10 includes a ceramic substrate 11, a circuit layer 12 disposed on one surface (the upper surface in FIG. 1) of the ceramic substrate 11, and the other surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1) of the ceramic substrate 11. And a disposed metal layer 13.
- the ceramic substrate 11 prevents electrical connection between the circuit layer 12 and the metal layer 13, and is made of highly insulating AlN (aluminum nitride) or Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride). .
- the thickness of the ceramic substrate 11 is not limited, but is preferably set in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, and in this embodiment is set to 0.635 mm.
- the circuit layer 12 is formed by bonding a copper plate 22 to one surface (upper surface in FIG. 5) of the ceramic substrate 11.
- the thickness of the circuit layer 12 is not limited, but is preferably set within a range of 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. In the present embodiment, the thickness is set to 0.3 mm.
- a circuit pattern is formed on the circuit layer 12, and one surface (the upper surface in FIG. 1) is a mounting surface on which the semiconductor element 3 is mounted.
- the copper plate 22 (circuit layer 12) is a rolled plate of oxygen-free copper (OFC) having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more, but other copper alloys can also be used.
- OFC oxygen-free copper
- a copper member bonding paste containing Ag and a nitride forming element described later is used for bonding the ceramic substrate 11 and the circuit layer 12.
- the metal layer 13 is formed by joining an aluminum plate 23 to the other surface (the lower surface in FIG. 5) of the ceramic substrate 11.
- the thickness of the metal layer 13 is not limited, but is preferably set in the range of 0.6 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.6 mm in the present embodiment.
- the aluminum plate 23 (metal layer 13) is a rolled plate of aluminum (so-called 4N aluminum) having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more, but other aluminum alloys are used as necessary. Is possible.
- the buffer plate 41 absorbs strain generated by the cooling / heating cycle, and is formed on the other surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1) of the metal layer 13 as shown in FIG.
- the thickness of the buffer plate 41 is not limited, but is preferably set within a range of 0.5 mm or more and 7.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.9 mm in the present embodiment.
- the buffer plate 41 is a rolled plate of aluminum (so-called 4N aluminum) having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more, but other aluminum alloys can be used as necessary.
- the heat sink 51 is for dissipating heat from the power module substrate 10 described above.
- the heat sink 51 in this embodiment is joined to the power module substrate 10 via the buffer plate 41.
- the heat sink 51 is made of aluminum and an aluminum alloy, and specifically, is a rolled plate of A6063 alloy, but other aluminum alloys can be used as necessary.
- the thickness of the heat sink 51 is not limited, but is preferably set within a range of 1 mm to 10 mm, and is set to 5 mm in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the bonding interface between the ceramic substrate 11 and the circuit layer 12.
- a nitride layer 31 made of a nitride of a nitride forming element contained in the copper member bonding paste is formed.
- An Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer 32 is formed so as to be laminated on the nitride layer 31.
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer 32 is 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer can be measured from a reflected electron image by EPMA (electron beam microanalyzer), and may be, for example, 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- EPMA electron beam microanalyzer
- a method for manufacturing the power module substrate 10 having the above-described configuration and a method for manufacturing the power module substrate 50 with a heat sink will be described.
- a copper member bonding paste containing Ag and a nitride forming element is used for bonding the ceramic substrate 11 and the copper plate 22 to be the circuit layer 12.
- the copper member bonding paste will be described.
- the copper member bonding paste contains a powder component containing Ag and a nitride-forming element, a resin, a solvent, a dispersant, a plasticizer, and a reducing agent.
- a dispersant, a plasticizer, and a reducing agent are optional components.
- Content of a powder component is made into 40 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less of the whole paste for copper member joining.
- the viscosity of the copper member bonding paste is adjusted to 10 Pa ⁇ s or more and 500 Pa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 50 Pa ⁇ s or more and 300 Pa ⁇ s or less. If it is within this range, coating is easy.
- the nitride forming element is preferably one or more elements selected from Ti, Hf, Zr, and Nb.
- Ti is contained as the nitride forming element.
- the composition of the powder component is such that the content of nitride-forming elements is 0.4 mass% or more and 75 mass% or less, and the balance is Ag and inevitable impurities.
- the content of the nitride-forming element may be 0.2% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less. In this embodiment, 10% by mass of Ti is contained, and the balance is Ag and inevitable impurities.
- an alloy powder of Ag and Ti is used as a powder component containing Ag and a nitride forming element (Ti).
- the alloy powder is prepared by an atomizing method, and the particle diameter is set to 40 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less by sieving the prepared alloy powder.
- the particle size of the alloy powder can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer.
- the resin adjusts the viscosity of the copper member bonding paste.
- ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic resin, alkyd resin, and the like can be applied.
- the content of the resin in the paste may be, for example, 0.5% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less.
- a solvent becomes a solvent of the above-mentioned powder component, for example, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, terpineol, toluene, texanol, triethyl citrate, etc. are applicable.
- the content of the solvent in the paste may be, for example, 5% by mass or more and 58% by mass or less.
- the dispersant uniformly disperses the powder component.
- an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or the like can be applied.
- the content of the dispersant in the paste may be, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
- the plasticizer improves the moldability of the copper member joining paste, and for example, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl adipate, or the like can be applied.
- the content of the plasticizer in the paste may be, for example, 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.
- the reducing agent removes an oxide film or the like formed on the surface of the powder component. For example, rosin, abietic acid, or the like can be applied.
- abietic acid is used.
- the content of the reducing agent in the paste may be, for example, 0.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the dispersant, the plasticizer, and the reducing agent may be added as necessary, and the copper member bonding paste may be configured without adding the dispersant, the plasticizer, and the reducing agent.
- an alloy powder containing Ag and a nitride-forming element (Ti) is prepared by an atomizing method, and this is sieved to obtain an alloy powder having a particle size of 40 ⁇ m or less (alloy powder preparation step).
- a solvent and resin are mixed to produce an organic mixture (organic matter mixing step S02).
- the alloy powder obtained in the alloy powder production step S01, the organic mixture obtained in the organic substance mixing step S02, and auxiliary additives such as a dispersant, a plasticizer, and a reducing agent are premixed by a mixer (preliminary mixing step).
- the preliminary mixture is mixed while kneading using a roll mill having a plurality of rolls (kneading step S04).
- the kneaded material obtained by kneading process S04 is filtered with a paste filter (filtration process S05). In this way, the above-described copper member bonding paste is manufactured.
- Ag and the nitride-forming element layer 24 are formed on one surface of the ceramic substrate 11 by applying and drying the above-described copper member bonding paste by screen printing, for example.
- the thickness of the Ag and nitride-forming element layer 24 is not limited, but is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less after drying.
- the copper plate 22 is laminated on one surface side of the ceramic substrate 11. That is, the Ag and nitride forming element layer 24 is interposed between the ceramic substrate 11 and the copper plate 22.
- the copper plate 22 and the ceramic substrate 11 are placed in a vacuum heating furnace while being pressurized in the stacking direction (pressure 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 ) and heated. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, Ag and Ag in the nitride forming element layer 24 diffuse toward the copper plate 22. At this time, a part of the copper plate 22 is melted by the reaction between Cu and Ag, and a molten metal region 27 is formed at the interface between the copper plate 22 and the ceramic substrate 11.
- the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace is preferably set in the range of 10 ⁇ 6 Pa to 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, and the heating temperature is preferably set in the range of 790 ° C. to 850 ° C.
- an aluminum plate 23 to be the metal layer 13 is bonded to the other surface side of the ceramic substrate 11.
- an aluminum plate 23 to be the metal layer 13 is formed on the other surface side of the ceramic substrate 11, and preferably a brazing material foil having a thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m (14 ⁇ m in this embodiment). 25 are stacked.
- the brazing material foil 25 is preferably an Al—Si based brazing material containing Si which is a melting point lowering element.
- the ceramic substrate 11 and the aluminum plate 23 are placed in a heating furnace while being pressurized in the stacking direction (preferably a pressure of 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 ) and heated.
- the brazing filler metal foil 25 and a part of the aluminum plate 23 are melted, and a molten metal region is formed at the interface between the aluminum plate 23 and the ceramic substrate 11.
- the heating temperature is preferably 600 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less, and the heating time is preferably 30 minutes or more and 180 minutes or less.
- the ceramic substrate 11 and the aluminum plate 23 are joined by cooling and solidifying the molten metal region formed at the interface between the aluminum plate 23 and the ceramic substrate 11.
- the power module substrate 10 according to the present embodiment is manufactured.
- a buffer plate 41 and a heat sink 51 are placed on the other surface side (lower side in FIG. 5) of the metal layer 13 of the power module substrate 10. 52 are stacked.
- the brazing foils 42 and 52 are preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m in thickness (14 ⁇ m in the present embodiment), and are Al—Si brazing materials containing Si as a melting point lowering element.
- the power module substrate 10, the buffer plate 41, and the heat sink 51 are charged in the stacking direction (preferably a pressure of 1 to 35 kgf / cm 2 ) in a heating furnace and heated.
- the heating temperature is preferably 550 ° C. or more and 610 ° C. or less, and the heating time is preferably 30 minutes or more and 180 minutes or less.
- the power module substrate 10, the buffer plate 41, and the heat sink 51 are solidified by solidifying the molten metal regions respectively formed at the interface between the metal layer 13 and the buffer plate 41 and the interface between the buffer plate 41 and the heat sink 51. Join. Thereby, the substrate 50 for power modules with a heat sink which is this embodiment is manufactured.
- the semiconductor element 3 is placed on the surface of the circuit layer 12 via a solder material, and soldered in a reduction furnace. Thereby, the power module 1 in which the semiconductor element 3 is bonded onto the circuit layer 12 through the solder layer 2 is manufactured.
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer 32 at the joint between the circuit layer 12 made of the copper plate 22 and the ceramic substrate 11. Is 15 ⁇ m or less, the circuit layer 12 side is appropriately deformed even when shear stress is applied due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic substrate 11 and the circuit layer 12 during a thermal cycle load. Thus, cracking of the ceramic substrate 11 can be suppressed. Since the nitride layer 31 is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate 11, the ceramic substrate 11 and the circuit layer 12 can be reliably bonded.
- the nitride forming element contained in the copper member bonding paste reacts with the ceramic substrate 11, whereby a nitride layer is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate 11. 31 is formed, and the ceramic substrate 11 and the nitride layer 31 are firmly bonded.
- the nitride layer 31 contains a nitride of one or more elements selected from Ti, Hf, Zr, and Nb.
- the nitride layer 31 is specifically TiN. Therefore, the ceramic substrate 11 and the nitride layer 31 are firmly bonded, and the ceramic substrate 11 and the circuit layer 12 can be firmly bonded.
- the heat generated in the power module substrate 10 can be dissipated by the heat sink 51. Since the circuit layer 12 and the ceramic substrate 11 are securely bonded, the heat generated from the semiconductor element 3 mounted on the mounting surface of the circuit layer 12 can be reliably transmitted to the heat sink 51 side. The temperature rise of 3 can be suppressed. Therefore, even when the power density (heat generation amount) of the semiconductor element 3 is improved, it can be sufficiently dealt with.
- the buffer plate 41 is disposed between the power module substrate 10 and the heat sink 51, thermal expansion between the power module substrate 10 and the heat sink 51 is performed. Distortion caused by the difference in coefficients can be absorbed by deformation of the buffer plate 41.
- the molten metal region 27 is formed at the interface between the ceramic substrate 11 and the copper plate 22 by diffusing Ag to the copper plate 22 side.
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer 32 can be reduced to 15 ⁇ m or less. Further, since the nitride layer 31 is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate 11 in the heating step S13, the ceramic substrate 11 and the copper plate 22 can be firmly bonded.
- the ceramic substrate 11 made of AlN reacts with Ti to form the nitride layer 31, and the ceramic substrate 11 and the copper plate 22 are formed. Can be reliably joined.
- the nitride-forming element layer 24 can be formed.
- the composition of the powder component is such that the content of the nitride forming element is 0.4 mass% or more and 75 mass% or less, and the balance is Ag and inevitable impurities. Therefore, the nitride layer 31 can be formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate 11. Thus, since the circuit layer 12 which consists of the ceramic substrate 11 and the copper plate 22 is joined via the nitride layer 31, the joint strength of the ceramic substrate 11 and the circuit layer 12 can be improved.
- the powder constituting the powder component that is, the particle size of the alloy powder containing Ag and the nitride-forming element (Ti) is 40 ⁇ m or less, so this copper member bonding paste is thinly applied. It becomes possible to do. Therefore, the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer 32 formed after bonding (after solidification) can be reduced.
- the content of the powder component is 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, it is possible to diffuse the Ag into the copper plate 22 to reliably form the molten metal region 27 and join the copper plate 22 and the ceramic substrate 11 together. .
- the content of the solvent is ensured, the copper member bonding paste can be reliably applied to the bonding surface of the ceramic substrate 11, and the Ag and nitride forming element layer 24 can be reliably formed.
- the powder component can be dispersed and Ag can be diffused uniformly.
- the nitride layer 31 can be formed uniformly.
- a plasticizer is contained as necessary, the shape of the copper member bonding paste can be formed relatively freely and can be reliably applied to the bonding surface of the ceramic substrate 11.
- a reducing agent is contained as necessary, an oxide film formed on the surface of the powder component can be removed by the action of the reducing agent, and diffusion of Ag and formation of the nitride layer 31 can be performed. It can be done reliably.
- FIG. 7 shows a power module substrate 110 according to this embodiment.
- the power module substrate 110 includes a ceramic substrate 111, a circuit layer 112 disposed on one surface (upper surface in FIG. 7) of the ceramic substrate 111, and the other surface (lower surface in FIG. 7) of the ceramic substrate 111. And a metal layer 113 disposed on the surface.
- the ceramic substrate 111 prevents electrical connection between the circuit layer 112 and the metal layer 113, and is made of highly insulating Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride).
- the thickness of the ceramic substrate 111 is preferably set in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, and in this embodiment is set to 0.32 mm.
- the circuit layer 112 is formed by bonding a copper plate 122 to one surface (upper surface in FIG. 10) of the ceramic substrate 111.
- the thickness of the circuit layer 112 is preferably set within a range of 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.6 mm in the present embodiment.
- a circuit pattern is formed on the circuit layer 112, and one surface (the upper surface in FIG. 7) is a mounting surface on which a semiconductor element is mounted.
- the copper plate 122 (circuit layer 112) is preferably a rolled plate of oxygen-free copper (OFC) having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more.
- the metal layer 113 is formed by bonding a copper plate 123 to the other surface (the lower surface in FIG. 10) of the ceramic substrate 111.
- the thickness of the metal layer 113 is preferably set in a range of 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and is set to 0.6 mm in the present embodiment.
- the copper plate 123 (metal layer 113) is preferably a rolled plate of oxygen-free copper (OFC) having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more.
- a copper member joining paste containing Ag and a nitride forming element described later is used for joining the ceramic substrate 111 and the circuit layer 112 and joining the ceramic substrate 111 and the metal layer 113.
- FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of the bonding interface between the ceramic substrate 111 and the circuit layer 112 and the metal layer 113.
- a nitride layer 131 made of a nitride of a nitride forming element contained in the copper member bonding paste is formed.
- the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer observed in the first embodiment is not clearly observed.
- the copper plate 122 used as the ceramic substrate 111 and the circuit layer 112 is made of a copper member bonding paste containing Ag and a nitride forming element. First, the copper member bonding paste will be described.
- the copper member bonding paste used in the present embodiment contains a powder component containing Ag and a nitride-forming element, a resin, a solvent, a dispersant, a plasticizer, and a reducing agent.
- the powder component contains one or more additive elements selected from In, Sn, Al, Mn, and Zn in addition to Ag and nitride-forming elements.
- Sn Contains.
- the viscosity of the copper member bonding paste is adjusted to 10 Pa ⁇ s or more and 500 Pa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 50 Pa ⁇ s or more and 300 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- the nitride-forming element is preferably one or more elements selected from Ti, Hf, Zr, and Nb.
- Zr is contained as the nitride-forming element.
- the composition of the powder component is such that the content of the nitride-forming element (Zr in the present embodiment) is 0.4 mass% or more and 75 mass% or less, and is selected from In, Sn, Al, Mn and Zn.
- the content of two or more additive elements (Sn in this embodiment) is 0 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less, and the balance is Ag and inevitable impurities. However, the content of Ag is 25% by mass or more.
- Zr: 40 mass%, Sn: 20 mass% is contained, and the balance is Ag and inevitable impurities.
- element powder (Ag powder, Zr powder, Sn powder) is used as a powder component.
- These Ag powder, Zr powder, and Sn powder are blended so that the entire powder component has the above-described composition.
- These Ag powder, Zr powder, and Sn powder each have a particle size set to 40 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameters of these Ag powder, Zr powder, and Sn powder can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer.
- the same resin and solvent as in the first embodiment are applied. Also in this embodiment, a dispersant, a plasticizer, and a reducing agent are added as necessary.
- the copper member bonding paste used in this embodiment is manufactured according to the manufacturing method shown in the first embodiment. That is, it is manufactured in the same procedure as in the first embodiment except that Ag powder, Zr powder, and Sn powder are used instead of the alloy powder.
- the copper member bonding paste according to the present embodiment described above is applied to one surface and the other surface of the ceramic substrate 111 by screen printing, and Ag and the nitride forming element layer 124. , 125 are formed.
- the thicknesses of the Ag and nitride-forming element layers 124 and 125 are preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less after drying.
- the copper plate 122 is laminated on one surface side of the ceramic substrate 111.
- a copper plate 123 is laminated on the other surface side of the ceramic substrate 111. That is, Ag and nitride forming element layers 124 and 125 are interposed between the ceramic substrate 111 and the copper plate 122 and between the ceramic substrate 111 and the copper plate 123.
- the pressure in the vacuum heating furnace is preferably set in the range of 10 ⁇ 6 Pa to 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, and the heating temperature is preferably set in the range of 790 ° C. to 850 ° C.
- the power module substrate 110 is manufactured.
- a semiconductor element is mounted on the circuit layer 112, and a heat sink is disposed on the other side of the metal layer 113.
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer at the joint between the circuit layer 112 made of the copper plate 122 and the ceramic substrate 111 is small.
- this is a case where shear stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic substrate 111 and the circuit layer 112 is applied during a thermal cycle.
- the circuit layer 112 side is appropriately deformed, and cracking of the ceramic substrate 111 can be suppressed.
- the nitride layer 131 is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate 111, the ceramic substrate 111 and the circuit layer 112 can be reliably bonded.
- the molten metal region is formed by diffusion of Ag into the copper plates 122 and 123, the molten metal region is not formed more than necessary at the joint portion between the ceramic substrate 111 and the copper plates 122 and 123.
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer formed later) is reduced. Therefore, generation
- the ceramic substrate 111 made of Si 3 N 4 reacts with Zr to form the nitride layer 131, and the ceramic substrate 111 And the copper plates 122 and 123 can be reliably joined.
- the ceramic substrate 111 made of Si 3 N 4 reacts with Zr to form the nitride layer 131, and the ceramic substrate 111 And the copper plates 122 and 123 can be reliably joined.
- one or more additive elements selected from In, Sn, Al, Mn, and Zn (this embodiment)
- the molten metal region can be formed at a lower temperature, and the thickness of the formed Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer can be further reduced.
- Ag can be interposed at the interface between the ceramic substrate 111, the copper plate 122, and the copper plate 123.
- a molten metal region can be formed by the reaction between Cu and Ag.
- the ceramic substrate 111 and the copper plates 122 and 123 can be joined by solidifying the molten metal region.
- this invention is not limited to this, It can change suitably in the range which does not deviate from the technical idea of the invention.
- Ti and Zr are used as nitride forming elements
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other nitride forming elements such as Hf and Nb may be used.
- Powder components contained in Ag and nitride forming elements layer containing paste may also include a hydride of the nitride-forming elements such as TiH 2, ZrH 2.
- the hydrogen of the nitride forming element hydride acts as a reducing agent, the oxide film formed on the surface of the copper plate can be removed, and the diffusion of Ag and the formation of the nitride layer can be performed reliably.
- the description has been made on the assumption that Sn is added as an additive element.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and one or more additives selected from In, Sn, Al, Mn, and Zn are added. Elements may be used.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the particle size is not limited.
- the particle size is not limited.
- a dispersing agent a plasticizer, and a reducing agent, it is not limited to this and does not need to contain these.
- These dispersants, plasticizers, and reducing agents may be added as necessary.
- the power module substrate manufactured by the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 10 is not limited to the power module substrate with a heat sink, and may be a power module substrate manufactured by another manufacturing method. May be.
- a copper plate 222 to be a circuit layer 212 is bonded to one surface of a ceramic substrate 211 via Ag and a nitride-forming element layer 224, and a brazing material foil is bonded to the other surface of the ceramic substrate 211.
- the heat sink 251 may be joined to the other surface of the aluminum plate 223 through the brazing material foil 252. In this way, the power module substrate with heat sink 250 including the power module substrate 210 and the heat sink 251 is manufactured.
- a copper plate 322 to be the circuit layer 312 is bonded to one surface of the ceramic substrate 311 via the Ag and nitride forming element layer 324, and a brazing material foil 325 is bonded to the other surface of the ceramic substrate 311.
- the power module substrate 310 may be manufactured by joining the aluminum plate 323 to be the metal layer 313, and then the heat sink 351 may be joined to the other surface of the metal layer 213 via the brazing material foil 352. . In this way, the power module substrate 350 with a heat sink including the power module substrate 310 and the heat sink 351 is manufactured.
- a copper plate 422 to be a circuit layer 412 is bonded to one surface of the ceramic substrate 411 via the Ag and nitride forming element layer 424, and a brazing material foil is bonded to the other surface of the ceramic substrate 411.
- the aluminum plate 423 to be the metal layer 413 is joined through the 425, the buffer plate 441 is joined to the other surface of the aluminum plate 423 through the brazing material foil 442, and the brazing material is joined to the other surface of the buffer plate 441.
- the heat sink 451 may be joined via the foil 452. In this way, the power module substrate 450 with a heat sink including the power module substrate 410, the buffer plate 441, and the heat sink 451 is manufactured.
- the copper member bonding paste of this embodiment has been described as being used when bonding a ceramic substrate and a copper plate, but is not limited thereto, and when bonding a ceramic member and a copper member, You may use the paste for copper member joining of this invention.
- An anionic surfactant was used as a dispersant, dibutyl adipate was used as a plasticizer, and abietic acid was used as a reducing agent.
- the power module substrate manufactured by the structure and the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 10 by bonding the ceramic substrate and the copper plate using the various pastes shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, FIG. 11 and FIG. A power module substrate with a heat sink manufactured by the structure and manufacturing method shown, and a power module substrate with a heat sink manufactured by the structure and manufacturing method shown in FIGS.
- a copper plate is bonded to one surface and the other surface of the ceramic substrate using the above-mentioned various pastes, and the circuit layer and the metal layer are made of a copper plate. It was. An oxygen-free copper rolled plate was used as the copper plate.
- the power module substrate with a heat sink shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 was formed into a circuit layer by bonding a copper plate to one surface of the ceramic substrate using the various pastes described above.
- An aluminum plate was joined to the other surface of the ceramic substrate via a brazing material to form a metal layer.
- 4N aluminum having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more was used as the aluminum plate, and Al-7.5% by mass Si and a brazing material foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m were used as the brazing material.
- an aluminum plate made of A6063 as a heat sink was joined to the metal layer side of the power module substrate via a brazing material on the other surface side of the metal layer.
- As the brazing material a brazing material foil of Al-7.5 mass% Si and a thickness of 70 ⁇ m was used.
- the power module substrate with a heat sink shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 13 was formed into a circuit layer by bonding a copper plate to one surface of the ceramic substrate using the various pastes described above.
- An aluminum plate was joined to the other surface of the ceramic substrate via a brazing material to form a metal layer.
- 4N aluminum having a purity of 99.99% by mass or more was used as the aluminum plate, and Al-7.5% by mass Si and a 14 ⁇ m thick brazing material foil were used as the brazing material.
- an aluminum plate made of 4N aluminum was joined to the other surface of the metal layer as a buffer plate via a brazing material.
- a brazing material foil of Al-7.5 mass% Si and a thickness of 100 ⁇ m was used as the brazing material.
- An aluminum plate made of A6063 as a heat sink was joined to the metal layer side of the power module substrate via a brazing material on the other surface side of the buffer plate.
- a brazing material foil of Al-7.5 mass% Si and a thickness of 100 ⁇ m was used as the brazing material.
- the ceramic substrate and the copper plate were joined under the conditions shown in Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6.
- the joining conditions for brazing the ceramic substrate and the aluminum plate were a vacuum atmosphere, a pressure of 12 kgf / cm 2 , a heating temperature of 650 ° C., and a heating time of 30 minutes.
- the joining conditions for brazing the aluminum plates were a vacuum atmosphere, a pressure of 6 kgf / cm 2 , a heating temperature of 610 ° C., and a heating time of 30 minutes.
- Tables 4, 5, and 6 show the materials and sizes of the ceramic substrate.
- the size of the copper plate was 37 mm ⁇ 37 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm.
- the size of the aluminum plate used as the metal layer was 37 mm ⁇ 37 mm ⁇ 2.1 mm in the case of the power module substrate with a heat sink, and 37 mm ⁇ 37 mm ⁇ 0.6 mm in the case of the power module substrate with the heat sink and the buffer plate.
- the size of the aluminum plate used as a heat sink was 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm ⁇ 5 mm.
- the size of the aluminum plate used as the buffer plate was 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ 0.9 mm.
- Tables 4, 5, and 6 describe the structures and manufacturing methods of the power module substrate, the power module substrate with a heat sink, the heat sink, and the power module substrate with a buffer plate that are configured using the various pastes described above.
- the structure “DBC” is the power module substrate shown in FIG.
- the structure “H-1” is a power module substrate with a heat sink shown in FIG.
- the structure “H-2” is a power module substrate with a heat sink shown in FIG.
- the structure “B-1” is a power module substrate with a heat sink shown in FIG.
- the structure “B-2” is the power module substrate with a heat sink shown in FIG.
- the film thickness conversion amount (converted average film thickness) was measured as follows and shown in Table 7, Table 8, and Table 9. First, various pastes shown in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 were applied to the surfaces of the ceramic substrate and the copper plate and dried. The film thickness conversion amount (converted average film thickness) of each element in various dried pastes was measured. The film thickness was measured three times for each portion (9 points) shown in FIG. 14 with respect to various pastes applied using a fluorescent X-ray film thickness meter (trade name “STF9400” manufactured by SII Nano Technology Co., Ltd.). It was set as the average value. A sample with a known film thickness is measured in advance to obtain the relationship between the fluorescent X-ray intensity and the concentration, and based on the result, the film thickness conversion amount of each element is determined from the fluorescent X-ray intensity measured for each sample. did.
- Ceramic cracks were evaluated by checking the occurrence of cracks every time the cooling cycle ( ⁇ 45 ° C. ⁇ ⁇ 125 ° C.) was repeated 500 times, and the number of cracks confirmed.
- the nitride layer was formed by confirming the presence of the nitride forming element at the copper plate / ceramic substrate interface from the mapping of the nitride forming element by EPMA (electron beam microanalyzer).
- the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer is determined continuously from the reflected electron image by EPMA (electron beam microanalyzer) at the copper plate / ceramic substrate interface in the field of view of magnification 2000 times (length 45 ⁇ m; width 60 ⁇ m).
- the area of the formed Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer was measured and obtained by dividing by the width of the measurement field of view, and the average of the five fields of view was taken as the thickness of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer.
- the region of the Ag—Cu eutectic structure layer not including the region not continuously formed in the thickness direction from the bonding interface is included. The area was measured.
- Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 53 in which the content of the nitride-forming element is 75% by mass or more, since the content of Ag is small, a molten metal region is not sufficiently formed at the interface between the copper plate and the ceramic substrate, Cracks occurred before reaching 4000 times.
- Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 52 in which the content of the nitride-forming element is less than 0.4% by mass, a sufficient nitride layer cannot be formed, and the bonding rate after 4000 times is 70% or less, which is a bad result. It was.
- a power module substrate in which a copper plate made of copper or a copper alloy is bonded to a ceramic substrate, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the ceramic substrate at the time of a thermal cycle load, and thus industrial use is possible.
- Power module 3 Semiconductor element (electronic component) 10, 110, 210, 310, 410 Power module substrate 11, 111, 211, 311, 411 Ceramic substrate 12, 112, 212, 312, 412 Circuit layer 13, 113, 213, 313, 413 Metal layer 22, 122, 123, 222, 322, 422 Copper plate 23, 223, 323, 423 Aluminum plate 31, 131 Nitride layer 32 Ag-Cu eutectic structure layer 41, 441 Buffer plate 50, 250, 350, 450 Power module substrate 51 with heat sink 251 351 451 Heat sink
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年2月1日に日本に出願された特願2012-020171号、2012年2月1日に日本に出願された特願2012-020172号、2012年12月6日に日本に出願された特願2012-267298号、および2012年12月6日に日本に出願された特願2012-267299号に基づき優先権を主張し、それらの内容をここに援用する。
このようなパワーモジュール基板では、前記回路層の上に、はんだ材を介してパワー素子等の半導体素子が搭載される。
特許文献2、3には、第一の金属板(回路層)及び第二の金属板(金属層)を銅板とし、前記銅板を、Ag-Cu-Ti系のろう材を用いた活性金属法によってセラミックス基板に接合してなるパワーモジュール用基板が提案されている。
この構成のヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板によれば、パワーモジュール用基板で発生した熱をヒートシンクによって放散できる。銅板とセラミックス基板とが確実に接合されているので、パワーモジュール用基板の熱をヒートシンク側へと確実に伝達することが可能となる。
この構成のパワーモジュールによれば、回路層上に搭載された電子部品からの熱を効率的に放散することができ、電子部品のパワー密度(発熱量)が向上した場合であっても、十分に対応できる。
すなわち、Agの銅部材への拡散によって溶融金属領域が形成されるから、接合部において溶融金属領域が必要以上に厚く形成されなくなり、接合後(凝固後)に形成されるAg-Cu共晶組織層の厚さが薄くなる。このように、硬いAg-Cu共晶組織層の厚さが薄く形成されるから、セラミックス部材における割れの発生を抑制できる。
窒化物形成元素の含有量が0.4質量%未満では、窒化物層を確実に形成することができず、セラミックス基板と銅板とを接合強度が劣化するおそれがある。窒化物形成元素の含有量が75質量%を超えると、銅部材へ拡散するAg量が確保できず、セラミックス基板と銅板とを接合できなくなるおそれがある。以上のことから、前記粉末成分において、窒化物形成元素の含有量を0.4質量%以上75質量%以下の範囲内に設定している。
粉末成分は、Ag粉末と窒化物形成元素の粉末を混合したものであってもよいし、Agと窒化物形成元素との合金の粉末であってもよい。
この場合、窒化物形成元素の水素化物の水素が還元剤として作用するので、銅板の表面に形成された酸化膜等を除去でき、Agの拡散及び窒化物層の形成を確実に行うことができる。
この場合、前記溶融金属領域をさらに低い温度で形成することができ、Agの必要以上の拡散が抑制されることになり、Ag-Cu共晶組織層の厚さを薄くできる。
セラミックス部材の表面に窒化物層を形成することができ、銅部材とセラミックス部材との接合強度の向上を図ることができる。
まず、第一の実施形態について説明する。図1に、本実施形態であるパワーモジュール用基板10を用いたヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板50及びパワーモジュール1を示す。
このパワーモジュール1は、回路層12が配設されたパワーモジュール用基板10と、回路層12の表面にはんだ層2を介して接合された半導体素子3(電子部品)と、緩衝板41と、ヒートシンク51とを備えている。はんだ層2は、例えばSn-Ag系、Sn-In系、若しくはSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ材とされている。本実施形態では、回路層12とはんだ層2との間にNiめっき層(図示なし)が設けられている。
セラミックス基板11は、回路層12と金属層13との間の電気的接続を防止するものであって、絶縁性の高いAlN(窒化アルミニウム)またはSi3N4(窒化ケイ素)で構成されている。セラミックス基板11の厚さは限定はされないが、好ましくは0.2~1.5mmの範囲内に設定されており、本実施形態では、0.635mmに設定されている。
本実施形態においては、銅板22(回路層12)は、純度99.99質量%以上の無酸素銅(OFC)の圧延板とされているが、他の銅合金も使用可能である。
セラミックス基板11と回路層12との接合には、後述するAg及び窒化物形成元素を含有する銅部材接合用ペーストが使用されている。
本実施形態においては、アルミニウム板23(金属層13)は、純度が99.99質量%以上のアルミニウム(いわゆる4Nアルミニウム)の圧延板とされているが、必要に応じて他のアルミニウム合金も使用可能である。
本実施形態においては、緩衝板41は、純度が99.99質量%以上のアルミニウム(いわゆる4Nアルミニウム)の圧延板とされているが、必要に応じて他のアルミニウム合金も使用可能である。
本実施形態においては、ヒートシンク51は、アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金で構成されており、具体的にはA6063合金の圧延板とされているが、必要に応じて他のアルミニウム合金も使用可能である。ヒートシンク51の厚さは限定はされないが、好ましくは1mm以上10mm以下の範囲内に設定されており、本実施形態では、5mmに設定されている。
前記窒化物層31に積層するようにAg-Cu共晶組織層32が形成されている。Ag-Cu共晶組織層32の厚さは15μm以下とされている。前記Ag-Cu共晶組織層の厚さは、EPMA(電子線マイクロアナライザー)による反射電子像から測定することが可能であり、例えば0.1~15μmであってもよい。
上述のように、セラミックス基板11と回路層12となる銅板22の接合には、Ag及び窒化物形成元素を含有する銅部材接合用ペーストが使用されている。まず、銅部材接合用ペーストについて説明する。
粉末成分の含有量が、銅部材接合用ペースト全体の40質量%以上90質量%以下とされている。
本実施形態では、銅部材接合用ペーストの粘度が10Pa・s以上500Pa・s以下、より好ましくは50Pa・s以上300Pa・s以下に調整されている。この範囲であると塗布が行いやすい。
粉末成分の組成は、窒化物形成元素の含有量が0.4質量%以上75質量%以下とされ、残部がAg及び不可避不純物とされている。窒化物形成元素の含有量は、0.2質量%以上85質量%以下であってもよい。本実施形態では、Tiを10質量%含んでおり、残部がAg及び不可避不純物とされている。
前記合金粉末の粒径は、例えば、レーザー回折・散乱式の粒度分析計を用いて、測定できる。
溶剤は、前述の粉末成分の溶媒となるものであり、例えば、メチルセルソルブ、エチルセルソルブ、テルピネオール、トルエン、テキサノール、トリエチルシトレート等を適用できる。ペースト中の溶剤の含有量は、例えば5質量%以上58質量%以下であってもよい。
可塑剤は、銅部材接合用ペーストの成形性を向上させるものであり、例えば、フタル酸ジブチル、アジピン酸ジブチル等を適用できる。ペースト中の可塑剤の含有量は、例えば0.1質量%以上20質量%以下であってもよい。
還元剤は、粉末成分の表面に形成された酸化皮膜等を除去するものであり、例えば、ロジン、アビエチン酸等を適用できる。本実施形態では、アビエチン酸を用いている。ペースト中の還元剤の含有量は、例えば0.5質量%以上10質量%以下であってもよい。
分散剤、可塑剤、還元剤は、必要に応じて添加すればよく、分散剤、可塑剤、還元剤を添加することなく銅部材接合用ペーストを構成してもよい。
まず、前述のように、Agと窒化物形成元素(Ti)とを含有する合金粉末をアトマイズ法によって作製し、これを篩い分けすることによって粒径40μm以下の合金粉末を得る(合金粉末作製工程S01)。
溶剤と樹脂とを混合して有機混合物を生成する(有機物混合工程S02)。
合金粉末作製工程S01で得られた合金粉末と、有機物混合工程S02で得られた有機混合物と、分散剤、可塑剤、還元剤等の副添加剤と、をミキサーによって予備混合する(予備混合工程S03)。
次いで、予備混合物を、複数のロールを有するロールミル機を用いて練り込みながら混合する(混錬工程S04)。
混錬工程S04によって得られた混錬物を、ペーストろ過機によってろ過する(ろ過工程S05)。
このようにして、上述の銅部材接合用ペーストが製造される。
図5に示すように、セラミックス基板11の一方の面に、例えばスクリーン印刷によって、前述の銅部材接合用ペーストを塗布して乾燥させることにより、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層24を形成する。Ag及び窒化物形成元素層24の厚さは限定されないが好ましくは、乾燥後で20μm以上300μm以下とされている。
次に、銅板22をセラミックス基板11の一方の面側に積層する。すなわち、セラミックス基板11と銅板22との間に、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層24を介在させる。
次いで、銅板22、セラミックス基板11を積層方向に加圧(圧力1~35kgf/cm2)した状態で真空加熱炉内に装入して加熱する。すると、図6に示すように、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層24のAgが銅板22に向けて拡散する。このとき、銅板22の一部がCuとAgとの反応によって溶融し、銅板22とセラミックス基板11との界面に、溶融金属領域27が形成される。
本実施形態では、好ましくは、真空加熱炉内の圧力は10-6Pa以上10-3Pa以下の範囲内に、加熱温度は好ましくは790℃以上850℃以下の範囲内に設定する。
次に、溶融金属領域27を冷却して凝固させることにより、セラミックス基板11と銅板22とを接合する。凝固工程S14が終了した後では、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層24のAgが十分に拡散されており、セラミックス基板11と銅板22との接合界面にAg及び窒化物形成元素層24が残存することはない。
次に、セラミックス基板11の他方の面側に、金属層13となるアルミニウム板23を接合する。本実施形態では、図5に示すように、セラミックス基板11の他方の面側に、金属層13となるアルミニウム板23が、好ましくは厚さ5~50μm(本実施形態では14μm)のろう材箔25を介して積層される。本実施形態においては、ろう材箔25は、好ましくは融点降下元素であるSiを含有したAl-Si系のろう材とされている。
次に、セラミックス基板11、アルミニウム板23を積層方向に加圧(好ましくは圧力1~35kgf/cm2)した状態で加熱炉内に装入して加熱する。すると、ろう材箔25とアルミニウム板23の一部とが溶融し、アルミニウム板23とセラミックス基板11との界面に溶融金属領域が形成される。加熱温度は好ましくは600℃以上650℃以下、加熱時間は好ましくは30分以上180分以下とされている。
次に、アルミニウム板23とセラミックス基板11との界面に形成された溶融金属領域を冷却して凝固させることにより、セラミックス基板11とアルミニウム板23とを接合する。このようにして、本実施形態であるパワーモジュール用基板10が製造される。
次に、図5に示すように、パワーモジュール用基板10の金属層13の他方の面側(図5において下側)に、緩衝板41と、ヒートシンク51と、を、それぞれろう材箔42,52を介して積層する。
本実施形態では、ろう材箔42,52は、好ましくは厚さ5~50μm(本実施形態では14μm)とされ、融点降下元素であるSiを含有したAl-Si系のろう材とされている。
次に、パワーモジュール用基板10、緩衝板41、ヒートシンク51を積層方向に加圧(好ましくは圧力1~35kgf/cm2)した状態で加熱炉内に装入して加熱する。すると、金属層13と緩衝板41との界面及び緩衝板41とヒートシンク51との界面に、それぞれ溶融金属領域が形成される。加熱温度は好ましくは550℃以上610℃以下、加熱時間は好ましくは30分以上180分以下とされている。
セラミックス基板11の表面に窒化物層31が形成されているので、セラミックス基板11と回路層12とを確実に接合できる。
さらに、窒化物層31が、Ti、Hf、Zr、Nbから選択される1種または2種以上の元素の窒化物を含有しており、本実施形態では、具体的に窒化物層31がTiNを含有しているので、セラミックス基板11と窒化物層31とが強固に結合することになり、セラミックス基板11と回路層12とを強固に接合できる。
さらに、本実施形態では、必要に応じて可塑剤を含有しているので、銅部材接合用ペーストの形状を比較的自由に成形することができ、セラミックス基板11の接合面に確実に塗布できる。
本実施形態では、必要に応じて還元剤を含有しているので、還元剤の作用により、粉末成分の表面に形成された酸化皮膜等を除去でき、Agの拡散及び窒化物層31の形成を確実に行うことができる。
次に、第二の実施形態について説明する。図7に、本実施形態であるパワーモジュール用基板110を示す。このパワーモジュール用基板110は、セラミックス基板111と、前記セラミックス基板111の一方の面(図7において上面)に配設された回路層112と、セラミックス基板111の他方の面(図7において下面)に配設された金属層113と、を備えている。
セラミックス基板111は、回路層112と金属層113との間の電気的接続を防止するものであって、絶縁性の高いSi3N4(窒化珪素)で構成されている。セラミックス基板111の厚さは、好ましくは0.2~1.5mmの範囲内に設定されており、本実施形態では、0.32mmに設定されている。
本実施形態においては、銅板122(回路層112)は、好ましくは純度99.99質量%以上の無酸素銅(OFC)の圧延板とされている。
本実施形態においては、銅板123(金属層113)は、好ましくは純度99.99質量%以上の無酸素銅(OFC)の圧延板とされている。
本実施形態では、第一の実施形態で観察されたAg-Cu共晶組織層が明確に観察されない構成とされている。
粉末成分は、Ag及び窒化物形成元素以外に、In、Sn、Al、Mn及びZnから選択される1種または2種以上の添加元素を含有するものとされており、本実施形態では、Snを含有している。
本実施形態では、銅部材接合用ペーストの粘度が10Pa・s以上500Pa・s以下、より好ましくは50Pa・s以上300Pa・s以下に調整されている。
粉末成分の組成は、窒化物形成元素(本実施形態ではZr)の含有量が0.4質量%以上75質量%以下とされ、In、Sn、Al、Mn及びZnから選択される1種または2種以上の添加元素(本実施形態ではSn)の含有量が0質量%以上50質量%以下とされ、残部がAg及び不可避不純物とされている。ただし、Agの含有量は25質量%以上である。本実施形態では、Zr;40質量%、Sn;20質量%を含んでおり、残部がAg及び不可避不純物とされている。
これらのAg粉末、Zr粉末、Sn粉末は、それぞれ粒径を40μm以下、好ましくは20μm以下、さらに好ましくは10μm以下に設定している。これらのAg粉末、Zr粉末、Sn粉末の粒径は、例えば、レーザー回折・散乱式の粒度分析計を用いて測定できる。
本実施形態で用いられる銅部材接合用ペーストは、第一の実施形態で示した製造方法に準じて製造されている。すなわち、合金粉末の代わりに、Ag粉末、Zr粉末、Sn粉末を用いた以外は、第一の実施形態と同様の手順で製造されているのである。
まず、図10に示すように、セラミックス基板111の一方の面及び他方の面に、スクリーン印刷によって、前述の本実施形態である銅部材接合用ペーストを塗布し、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層124,125を形成する。Ag及び窒化物形成元素層124,125の厚さは、好ましくは乾燥後で20μm以上300μm以下とされている。
次に、銅板122をセラミックス基板111の一方の面側に積層する。銅板123をセラミックス基板111の他方の面側に積層する。すなわち、セラミックス基板111と銅板122、セラミックス基板111と銅板123との間に、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層124,125を介在させている。
次いで、銅板122、セラミックス基板111、銅板123を積層方向に加圧(好ましくは圧力1~35kgf/cm2)した状態で真空加熱炉内に装入して加熱する。すると、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層124のAgが銅板122に向けて拡散するとともに、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層125のAgが銅板123に向けて拡散する。
本実施形態では、真空加熱炉内の圧力は好ましくは10-6Pa以上10-3Pa以下の範囲内に、加熱温度は好ましくは790℃以上850℃以下の範囲内に設定している。
次に、溶融金属領域を凝固させることにより、セラミックス基板111と銅板122、123とを接合する。凝固工程S114が終了した後では、Ag及び窒化物形成元素層124,125のAgが十分に拡散されており、セラミックス基板111と銅板122、123との接合界面にAg及び窒化物形成元素層124、125が残存することはない。
本実施形態では、粉末成分として、Ag及び窒化物形成元素(本実施形態ではZr)以外に、In、Sn、Al、Mn及びZnから選択される1種または2種以上の添加元素(本実施形態ではSn)を含有しているので、溶融金属領域をさらに低い温度で形成することができ、形成されるAg-Cu共晶組織層の厚さをさらに薄くすることが可能となる。
例えば、窒化物形成元素としてTi、Zrを用いたものとして説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、Hf,Nb等の他の窒化物形成元素であってもよい。
Ag及び窒化物形成元素層含有ペースト(銅部材接合用ペースト)に含まれる粉末成分が、TiH2、ZrH2等の窒化物形成元素の水素化物を含んでいてもよい。この場合、窒化物形成元素の水素化物の水素が還元剤として作用するので、銅板の表面に形成された酸化膜等を除去でき、Agの拡散及び窒化物層の形成を確実に行うことができる。
第二の実施形態において、添加元素としてSnを添加したものとして説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、In、Sn、Al、Mn及びZnから選択される1種または2種以上の添加元素を用いてもよい。
分散剤、可塑剤、還元剤を含むものとして説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、これらを含んでいなくてもよい。これら分散剤、可塑剤、還元剤は、必要に応じて添加すればよい。
分散剤としてアニオン性界面活性剤を、可塑剤としてアジピン酸ジブチルを、還元剤としてアビエチン酸を用いた。
粉末成分以外の樹脂、溶剤、分散剤、可塑剤、還元剤の混合比率は、質量比で、樹脂:溶剤:分散剤:可塑剤:還元剤=7:70:3:5:15とした。
セラミックス基板の他方の面に、アルミニウム板をろう材を介して接合して金属層を形成した。アルミニウム板として純度99.99質量%以上の4Nアルミを使用し、ろう材としてAl-7.5質量%Si、厚さ20μmのろう材箔を用いた。
さらに、金属層の他方の面側に、ヒートシンクとしてA6063からなるアルミニウム板を、ろう材を介してパワーモジュール用基板の金属層側に接合した。ろう材としてAl-7.5質量%Si、厚さ70μmのろう材箔を用いた。
セラミックス基板の他方の面に、アルミニウム板をろう材を介して接合して金属層を形成した。アルミニウム板として純度99.99質量%以上の4Nアルミニウムを使用し、ろう材としてAl-7.5質量%Si、厚さ14μmのろう材箔を用いた。
さらに、金属層の他方の面に、緩衝板として4Nアルミニウムからなるアルミニウム板をろう材を介して接合した。ろう材としてAl-7.5質量%Si、厚さ100μmのろう材箔を用いた。
緩衝板の他方の面側に、ヒートシンクとしてA6063からなるアルミニウム板を、ろう材を介してパワーモジュール用基板の金属層側に接合した。ろう材としてAl-7.5質量%Si、厚さ100μmのろう材箔を用いた。
セラミックス基板とアルミニウム板をろう付けする際の接合条件は、真空雰囲気、加圧圧力12kgf/cm2、加熱温度650℃、加熱時間30分とした。さらに、アルミニウム板同士をろう付けする際の接合条件は、真空雰囲気、加圧圧力6kgf/cm2、加熱温度610℃、加熱時間30分とした。
銅板のサイズは、37mm×37mm×0.3mmとした。
金属層となるアルミニウム板のサイズは、ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板の場合は37mm×37mm×2.1mmとし、ヒートシンク及び緩衝板付パワーモジュール用基板の場合は37mm×37mm×0.6mmとした。
ヒートシンクとなるアルミニウム板のサイズは、50mm×60mm×5mmとした。
緩衝板となるアルミニウム板のサイズは、40mm×40mm×0.9mmとした。
構造「DBC」が図10に示すパワーモジュール用基板、
構造「H-1」が図11に示すヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板、
構造「H-2」が図12に示すヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板、
構造「B-1」が図13に示すヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板、
構造「B-2」が図5に示すヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板、である。
まず、セラミックス基板と銅板との表面に、表1、表2、表3に示す各種ペーストを塗布して乾燥した。乾燥された各種ペーストにおける各元素の膜厚換算量(換算平均膜厚)を測定した。
膜厚は、蛍光X線膜厚計(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製商品名「STF9400」)を用いて、塗布した各種ペーストに対し、図14に示す箇所(9点)を各3回測定した平均値とした。予め膜厚が既知のサンプルを測定して蛍光X線強度と濃度の関係を求めておき、その結果を基準として、各試料において測定された蛍光X線強度から各元素の膜厚換算量を決定した。
冷熱サイクル負荷後の接合率は、冷熱サイクル(-45℃←→125℃)を4000回繰り返した後のパワーモジュール用基板を用いて、以下の式で算出した。3500回を満たさないうちにクラックが発生した場合には、4000回繰り返した後の接合率については評価しなかった。
接合率 = (初期接合面積-剥離面積)/初期接合面積
Ag-Cu共晶組織層の厚さは、銅板/セラミックス基板界面のEPMA(電子線マイクロアナライザー)による反射電子像から、倍率2000倍の視野(縦45μm;横60μm)において接合界面に連続的に形成されたAg-Cu共晶組織層の面積を測定し、測定視野の幅の寸法で除して求め、5視野の平均をAg-Cu共晶組織層の厚さとした。銅板とセラミックス基板との接合部に形成されたAg-Cu共晶組織層のうち、接合界面から厚さ方向に連続的に形成されていない領域を含めずに、Ag-Cu共晶組織層の面積を測定した。
従来例1及び従来例51では、共晶組織厚さが15μmを超えており、比較例と同様に少ないサイクル数でセラミックス基板にクラックが発生した。
一方、共晶組織厚さが15μm以下とされた本発明例1-25、51-75、81-100においては、セラミックス基板におけるクラックの発生が抑制されていることが確認された。4000サイクル後の接合率も91%以上と高かった。
以上の結果から、本発明例によれば、冷熱サイクル負荷時におけるセラミックス基板の割れの発生を抑制できるパワーモジュール用基板を提供できることが確認された。
一方、窒化物形成元素が0.4質量%以上75質量%未満である本発明例1-25、51-75、81-100においては、セラミックス基板におけるクラックの発生が抑制されていることが確認される。4000サイクル後の接合率も91%以上と高かった。以上の結果から、本発明例によれば、銅部材とセラミックス部材とを接合した場合であっても、セラミックス部材における割れの発生を抑制でき、かつ、確実に銅部材とセラミックス部材とを接合できる銅部材接合用ペーストを提供できることが確認された。
3 半導体素子(電子部品)
10、110、210、310、410 パワーモジュール用基板
11、111、211、311、411 セラミックス基板
12、112、212、312、412 回路層
13、113、213、313、413 金属層
22、122、123、222、322、422 銅板
23、223、323、423 アルミニウム板
31、131 窒化物層
32 Ag-Cu共晶組織層
41、441 緩衝板
50、250、350、450 ヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板
51、251、351、451 ヒートシンク
Claims (15)
- パワーモジュール用基板であって、
セラミックス基板の表面に銅または銅合金からなる銅板が積層されて接合され、
前記銅板と前記セラミックス基板との間において、前記セラミックス基板の前記表面に窒化物層が形成され、
前記窒化物層と前記銅板の間には、厚さが15μm以下のAg-Cu共晶組織層が形成されていることを特徴とするパワーモジュール用基板。 - 前記セラミックス基板は、AlNまたはSi3N4のいずれかで形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のパワーモジュール用基板。
- 前記窒化物層は、Ti、Hf、Zr、Nbから選択される1種または2種以上の元素の窒化物を含有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のパワーモジュール用基板。
- 請求項1記載のパワーモジュール用基板と、前記パワーモジュール用基板を冷却するヒートシンクと、を備えたことを特徴とするヒートシンク付パワーモジュール用基板。
- 請求項1記載のパワーモジュール用基板と、前記パワーモジュール用基板上に搭載された電子部品と、を備えたことを特徴とするパワーモジュール。
- セラミックス基板の表面に銅または銅合金からなる銅板が積層されて接合されたパワーモジュール用基板の製造方法であって、
前記セラミックス基板の接合面及び前記銅板の接合面のうち少なくとも一方に、Agと窒化物形成元素とを含有するAg及び窒化物形成元素層を形成する銅部材接合用ペースト塗布工程と、
前記Ag及び窒化物形成元素層を介して前記セラミックス基板と前記銅板と積層する積層工程と、
積層された前記セラミックス基板と前記銅板を積層方向に加圧するとともに加熱し、前記セラミックス基板と前記銅板との界面に溶融金属領域を形成する加熱工程と、
前記溶融金属領域を凝固させることによって、前記セラミックス基板と前記銅板とを接合する凝固工程と、を有し、
前記加熱工程において、Agを前記銅板側に拡散させることにより前記セラミックス基板と前記銅板との界面に前記溶融金属領域を形成するとともに、前記セラミックス基板の表面に窒化物層を形成することを特徴とするパワーモジュール用基板の製造方法。 - 前記窒化物形成元素は、Ti、Hf、Zr、Nbから選択される1種または2種以上の元素であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のパワーモジュール用基板の製造方法。
- 前記銅部材接合用ペースト塗布工程では、Ag及び窒化物形成元素以外に、In、Sn、Al、Mn及びZnから選択される1種または2種以上の添加元素を配設させることを特徴とする請求項6記載のパワーモジュール用基板の製造方法。
- 前記銅部材接合用ペースト塗布工程では、Ag及び窒化物形成元素を含有するAg及び窒化物形成元素層含有ペーストを塗布することを特徴とする請求項6記載のパワーモジュール用基板の製造方法。
- 前記Ag及び窒化物形成元素層含有ペーストは、前記窒化物形成元素の水素化物を含有していることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のパワーモジュール用基板の製造方法。
- 銅または銅合金からなる銅部材と、セラミックス部材とを接合する際に使用される銅部材接合用ペーストであって、
Agおよび窒化物形成元素を含む粉末成分と、樹脂と、溶剤と、を含み、
前記粉末成分の組成は、前記窒化物形成元素の含有量が0.4質量%以上75質量%以下とされ、残部がAg及び不可避不純物とされていることを特徴とする銅部材接合用ペースト。 - 前記粉末成分を構成する粉末の粒径が40μm以下とされていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の銅部材接合用ペースト。
- 前記銅部材接合用ペースト中の前記粉末成分の含有量が、40質量%以上90質量%以下とされていることを特徴とする請求項11記載の銅部材接合用ペースト。
- 前記窒化物形成元素は、Ti、Hf、Zr、Nbから選択される1種または2種以上の元素であることを特徴とする請求項11記載の銅部材接合用ペースト。
- 前記粉末成分は、前記窒化物形成元素の水素化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項11記載の銅部材接合用ペースト。
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US10016956B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2018-07-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Cu/ceramic bonded body, method for manufacturing Cu/ceramic bonded body, and power module substrate |
CN105452195A (zh) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-03-30 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | Cu-陶瓷接合体、Cu-陶瓷接合体的制造方法及功率模块用基板 |
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CN105452195B (zh) * | 2013-09-30 | 2018-01-02 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | Cu‑陶瓷接合体、Cu‑陶瓷接合体的制造方法及功率模块用基板 |
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JP2018008869A (ja) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-18 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 銅/セラミックス接合体、及び、絶縁回路基板 |
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US11028022B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2021-06-08 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Copper-ceramic bonded body and insulation circuit substrate |
WO2023100939A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-08 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 仮止め材、および、接合体の製造方法 |
WO2023100917A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-08 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 接合用金属ペースト、および、接合体の製造方法、絶縁回路基板の製造方法 |
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EP2811513B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
US20170034905A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
EP2811513A4 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
US9504144B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
EP2811513A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
US20150208496A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
CN104067386B (zh) | 2019-05-28 |
US10375825B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 |
KR102078891B1 (ko) | 2020-02-18 |
KR20140127228A (ko) | 2014-11-03 |
CN104067386A (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
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