WO2012168971A1 - 冷凍空気調和装置 - Google Patents
冷凍空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012168971A1 WO2012168971A1 PCT/JP2011/003225 JP2011003225W WO2012168971A1 WO 2012168971 A1 WO2012168971 A1 WO 2012168971A1 JP 2011003225 W JP2011003225 W JP 2011003225W WO 2012168971 A1 WO2012168971 A1 WO 2012168971A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- refrigeration cycle
- heat exchanger
- indoor
- refrigeration
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/002—Defroster control
- F25D21/004—Control mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00371—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
- F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/81—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the air supply to heat-exchangers or bypass channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
- F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
- F25B2313/0251—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units being defrosted alternately
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration air conditioner having a plurality of refrigeration cycle circuits using vapor compression refrigeration cycles.
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration air conditioner capable of simultaneously performing a defrosting operation while continuing the heating operation even in a heating operation under an air condition accompanied by frost formation.
- an air conditioner for a vehicle that has a plurality of refrigeration cycle circuits and that can simultaneously perform a defrosting operation while continuing a heating operation on the indoor side that is an air-conditioning target space has been proposed (for example, Patent Documents). 1).
- a refrigeration cycle circuit that performs defrosting by cooling operation using an outdoor heat exchanger as a condenser And a refrigeration cycle circuit for continuing the heating operation is provided in the vehicle.
- the indoor heat exchanger which acts as an evaporator on one side and the indoor heat exchanger which acts as a condenser are arranged on the other side.
- defrosting operation is performed, and in the other refrigeration cycle apparatus, heating operation is performed simultaneously.
- the indoor heat exchanger acts as a condenser in one refrigeration cycle circuit that performs heating operation, and the indoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator in the other refrigeration cycle circuit that performs defrosting operation. It was.
- the air that has passed through each indoor heat exchanger is sucked into the shared indoor fan, mixed in the casing of the indoor fan, and blown out as air-conditioned air (hereinafter referred to as conditioned air). It was.
- an object of the present invention is to perform a defrosting operation of the outdoor heat exchanger while continuing the heating operation, for example, when the outdoor heat exchanger is performing the heating operation under an air condition with frost formation. It is to obtain a refrigeration air conditioning apparatus that can be performed.
- a refrigeration air conditioner includes a plurality of refrigeration cycle circuits configured to connect a compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, a decompression device, and an outdoor heat exchanger so that air conditioning operation can be performed, and each refrigeration cycle circuit
- An outdoor fan for sending air to exchange heat with the outdoor heat exchanger and an indoor heat exchanger of each refrigeration cycle circuit are provided corresponding to the indoor heat exchanger, and the air sent to the air-conditioning target space through each indoor heat exchanger
- a plurality of indoor fans each forming a flow and at least one refrigeration cycle circuit start a defrosting operation for defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger, the temperature of the air mixed by the blowing of each indoor fan is a first predetermined value.
- a control device that controls the rotation speed of the indoor fan corresponding to the refrigeration cycle circuit that performs the defrosting operation so as to reach the temperature.
- the control device rotates the indoor fan corresponding to the refrigeration cycle circuit performing the defrosting operation. Since the number is controlled, the temperature of the air sent indoors can be maintained at the intended temperature while performing the defrosting operation.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structure of the frozen air conditioning apparatus which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the outdoor device of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure showing the relationship between an operation mode, the indoor fan 6, and the outdoor fan 7.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the frozen air conditioning apparatus which shows Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the outdoor side apparatus of Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the frozen air conditioning apparatus which shows Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the outdoor side apparatus of Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- the level of temperature, pressure, etc. is not particularly determined in relation to absolute values, but is expressed based on the relationship that is relatively determined in the state, operation, etc. of the device. It shall be.
- the subscripts may be omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a refrigeration air conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigeration air conditioner of Embodiment 1 has a plurality of refrigeration cycle circuits.
- a compressor 1a, a four-way valve 2a, an indoor heat exchanger 3a, a pressure reducing device 4a, and an outdoor heat exchanger 5a are connected so that refrigerant can be circulated, and a first refrigeration cycle circuit (refrigerant circuit) is connected.
- a first refrigeration cycle circuit refrigerant circuit
- the indoor fan 6a for forming the flow of the air from the indoor heat exchanger 3a to the room
- the compressor 1b, the four-way valve 2b, the indoor heat exchanger 3b, the pressure reducing device 4b, and the outdoor heat exchanger 5b are connected so that the refrigerant can circulate, thereby forming a second refrigeration cycle circuit.
- the compressor 1 compresses and discharges the sucked refrigerant.
- the compressor 1 includes an inverter device and the like, and can arbitrarily change the capacity of the compressor 1 (the amount of refrigerant sent out per unit time) by arbitrarily changing the operation frequency.
- the four-way valve 2 switches the refrigerant flow between a cooling operation (including a defrosting operation) and a heating operation based on an instruction from the control device 8, for example.
- the indoor heat exchanger 3 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and air (indoor air). For example, it functions as a condenser during heating operation and condenses and liquefies the refrigerant. Moreover, it functions as an evaporator during cooling operation, evaporating and evaporating the refrigerant.
- the decompression device 4 is a device for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant.
- a capillary tube can be used.
- it can also be comprised with throttle devices, such as a flow regulating valve and an expansion valve which can change an opening degree.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and air (outdoor air, outside air).
- air outdoor air, outside air.
- it functions as an evaporator during heating operation, evaporating and evaporating the refrigerant.
- it functions as a condenser during the cooling operation, and condenses and liquefies the refrigerant.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the outdoor device of the first embodiment.
- the outdoor fan 7 is a fan provided in common to the outdoor heat exchanger 5a and the outdoor heat exchanger 5b, and promotes heat exchange between the outside air and the refrigerant by blowing air.
- the first refrigeration cycle circuit and the second refrigeration cycle circuit can perform cooling operation and heating operation independently of each other. Then, the first refrigeration cycle circuit and the second refrigeration cycle circuit are operated according to the air conditioning load.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5a of the first refrigeration cycle circuit and the outdoor heat exchanger 5b of the second refrigeration cycle circuit are arranged on one side where the outside air flows by driving the outdoor fan 7.
- the control device 8 constitutes a refrigeration air conditioner, for example, switching of operation modes (four-way valves 2a, 2b) such as cooling operation and heating operation, driving of the indoor fans 6a, 6b, the outdoor fan 7, and the compressors 1a, 1b. Control each device.
- the temperature sensor 9 (temperature sensors 9a and 9b) and the humidity sensor 10 (humidity sensors 10a and 10b) are installed, for example, near the air inflow side of the indoor heat exchanger 3 or in the room, and detect the temperature and humidity in the room, respectively.
- the temperature and humidity detected by the temperature sensor 9 and the humidity sensor 10 are used by the control device 8 to perform processing such as estimating the air conditioning capability necessary for the air-conditioned air during the cooling operation or the heating operation.
- the temperature sensor 11 (temperature sensors 11a and 11b) is installed, for example, on the air inflow side of the outdoor fan 7 and detects the temperature of the outside air (outdoor).
- the temperature sensor 12 (temperature sensor 12a, 12b) is installed in the air outflow side of the corresponding outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- the pressure sensor 13 (pressure sensor 13a, 13b) is installed in order to detect the saturation temperature of the refrigerant
- These sensors are used for the control device 8 to perform a process of determining whether or not to perform a defrosting operation in a heating operation at a low outside air temperature.
- the amount of air passing through the heat exchanger decreases due to clogging of the fins constituting the heat exchanger, the heat transfer resistance due to the frost layer increases, and the evaporation temperature decreases. . For this reason, the difference between the temperature of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the evaporation temperature increases. If the evaporation temperature decreases, the performance related to air conditioning decreases, and therefore it is necessary to periodically defrost the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- the controller 8 determines whether or not to perform the defrosting operation based on the saturation temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 during the heating operation.
- the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is 0 ° C. or less, and the difference between the temperature of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the evaporation temperature is equal to or greater than a predetermined temperature difference (for example, 15 ° C.).
- a predetermined temperature difference for example, 15 ° C.
- the heating operation time when the evaporation temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is 0 ° C. or less is set to a timer or the like (not shown). )). Then, it may be determined that the defrosting operation is started when a predetermined time has elapsed. On the other hand, when it is determined that the defrosting operation has ended, the temperature related to detection by the temperature sensor 12 on the downstream side (outflow side) of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 in the air flow is a predetermined temperature (for example, 10 ° C.). If it is determined that the defrosting has been completed, it may be determined that the defrosting has been completed.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 10 ° C.
- the defrosting operation time is measured by a timer or the like to determine the end of the defrosting operation. It may be.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit may stop the heating operation so as not to supply excessive capacity. At this time, if the defrosting operation is performed in the refrigeration cycle circuit after being stopped to prepare for the next heating operation, for example, the defrosting operation is performed while the other refrigeration cycle circuit is performing the heating operation. As a whole, the comfort of the apparatus can be improved without lowering the temperature of the air blown into the room.
- the compressors 1a and 1b compress and discharge the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant compressed and heated by the compressors 1a and 1b is cooled and condensed by exchanging heat with outdoor air in the outdoor heat exchangers 5a and 5b.
- the outdoor fan 7 promotes heat exchange between the outdoor air and the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is depressurized by the decompression devices 4a and 4b, and heat is exchanged with the indoor air by the indoor heat exchangers 3a and 3b, and the refrigerant is heated and evaporated to repeat the cycle of flowing into the compressors 1a and 1b.
- the air cooled by exchanging heat with the indoor heat exchangers 3a and 3b is blown into the room by the indoor fans 6a and 6b.
- the compressors 1a and 1b compress and discharge the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant compressed and heated by the compressors 1a and 1b is cooled and condensed by exchanging heat with indoor air in the indoor heat exchangers 3a and 3b.
- the air heated by exchanging heat with the indoor heat exchanger is blown into the room by the indoor fans 6a and 6b.
- the refrigerant cooled and condensed by the indoor heat exchangers 3a and 3b is depressurized by the decompression devices 4a and 4b, and heated and evaporated by exchanging heat with the outdoor air by the outdoor heat exchangers 5a and 5b.
- the cycle that flows into 1b is repeated.
- the control device 8 determines whether or not to start the defrosting operation based on the temperature related to the detection by the temperature sensor 11 and the pressure related to the detection by the pressure sensors 13a and 13b. Make a decision.
- the four-way valves 2a and 2b are reversed to start the defrosting operation.
- the outdoor heat exchangers 5a and 5b are used as condensers, and defrosting is performed by using heat radiation from the refrigerant. At this time, if the low-temperature outside air flows through the outdoor heat exchangers 5a and 5b, the amount of heat for defrosting is lost, which is inefficient. Moreover, when the condensation temperature of a refrigerant
- the control apparatus 8 stops the indoor fan 6 corresponding to the refrigerating cycle circuit which is performing the defrost operation so that cold wind may not blow off. Therefore, it is possible to maintain comfort without blowing cold air into the room and reducing the temperature of the air.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is made to function as a condenser as described above, and the heat radiation from the refrigerant is used.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is a condenser, it is not always necessary to condense and liquefy the refrigerant, and it is sufficient that the amount of heat of the refrigerant can be transmitted to the frost.
- the temperature of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is 0 ° C.
- the compressor 1 is stopped, and external heat such as off-cycle defrosting, heater, waste heat, etc., which melts frost by the heat of the outside air You may make it perform the heater defrost using the heat storage, the thermal storage defrost which stores and uses the heat at the time of heating.
- external heat such as off-cycle defrosting, heater, waste heat, etc.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the operation mode and the indoor fan 6 and the outdoor fan 7.
- the refrigeration air conditioner has a plurality of refrigeration cycle circuits, as shown in FIG. 3, a refrigeration cycle circuit that performs a defrosting operation and a refrigeration cycle circuit that performs a heating operation exist, which are different from each other. It is desirable that the defrosting operation is performed at the timing. Therefore, the control device 8 starts the heating operation and determines whether to start the first defrosting operation based on different conditions in each refrigeration cycle circuit.
- a difference between the air temperature on the inflow side of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the evaporation temperature is 10 ° C.
- whether or not to start the defrosting operation is 10 ° C.
- the determination is made when the difference between the temperature of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the evaporation temperature is 15 ° C. or more.
- the difference between the temperature of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5a of the first refrigeration cycle circuit and the evaporation temperature is set to 12 ° C. It is based on whether or not it is above.
- the difference between the temperature of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5b of the second refrigeration cycle circuit and the evaporation temperature is 15 ° C. or more.
- the first refrigeration cycle circuit starts the defrosting operation first.
- the start determination of the defrost operation after the 2nd time it is set as 15 degreeC or more of temperature differences in all the refrigerating cycle circuits.
- the defrosting start timing in each refrigeration cycle circuit is shifted.
- the defrosting operation is alternately performed by two refrigeration cycle circuits, but the same applies to the case where the defrosting operation is performed at different timings by three or more refrigeration cycle circuits.
- difference of the start determination of a defrost operation is grasped
- each refrigeration cycle circuit starts defrosting operation at equal intervals as much as possible so that the heating capacity is as stable as possible. It is desirable that the temperature is not greatly lowered by supplying the water.
- the difference between the air temperature flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the evaporation temperature is set to 15 ° C. or more. Is set from the lower limit of the evaporating temperature at which the required heating capacity can be obtained when used at the lowest expected outside air temperature. If the set temperature is changed, the decrease width of the evaporation temperature changes, and at the same time, the defrosting time changes from the change in the amount of frost formation. For this reason, as another setting method, the time average of the heating capacity with respect to the set value may be compared, and the set temperature that maximizes the average heating capacity may be selected. Further, since the required heating capacity and the amount of frost formation per hour change depending on the outside air temperature, it is desirable to change the set value depending on the outside air temperature.
- none of the refrigeration cycle circuits can perform the defrosting operation while one of the refrigeration cycle circuits is performing the defrosting operation and for a predetermined time after returning from the defrosting operation to the heating operation.
- the maximum number of refrigeration cycle circuits that perform the defrosting operation is one, and the heating operation can be continued in other refrigeration cycle circuits.
- the defrosting operation is performed in at least one refrigeration cycle circuit among the plurality of refrigeration cycle circuits, and the other refrigeration cycle devices continue the heating operation.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 can be defrosted while the entire apparatus can be air conditioned.
- the defrosting operation time can be shortened and air conditioning can be efficiently performed as a whole.
- the indoor fan 6 corresponding to the refrigeration cycle circuit performing the defrosting operation it is possible to prevent cold air from being blown into the room.
- efficient heating can be performed while performing a defrosting operation, a refrigerated air that can maintain a comfortable room temperature even at a low outside air temperature and exhibits high comfort.
- a harmony device can be obtained.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the refrigeration air conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the refrigeration air conditioning apparatus of the present embodiment is configured such that when air related to air conditioning is sent indoors, the air blown by the indoor fans 6a and 6b is once mixed and then sent indoors. It is assumed that it is installed in the place where is formed.
- the temperature sensor 14 is a temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of air related to mixing. The temperature detected by the temperature sensor 14 is used by the control device 8 to control the rotational speed of the indoor fans 6a and 6b.
- the refrigeration air conditioning apparatus of the present embodiment is installed in a place where an air passage or the like is formed so that the air blown out by each indoor fan 6 is once mixed and then sent to the room.
- the refrigeration air conditioner of Embodiment 1 when a plurality of refrigeration cycle circuits perform a defrosting operation in the heating operation as in the refrigeration air conditioner of Embodiment 1, cold air is blown out from the refrigeration cycle circuit side performing the defrosting operation. It is desirable not to do so. Therefore, in the refrigeration air conditioner of the present embodiment, the temperature of the blown air is controlled.
- the control device 8 controls the rotation speed of the indoor fan 6 that performs the defrosting operation so that the blowing temperature (for example, the indoor temperature) of the mixed air becomes, for example, a predetermined temperature.
- the blowing temperature for example, the indoor temperature
- a predetermined blowing temperature first, second, fifth and sixth predetermined temperatures
- the rotational speed is reduced, and if higher than the predetermined blowing temperature, the rotational speed is increased. I will let you.
- the predetermined blowing temperature is maintained with respect to the temperature of the air sent into the room, and the indoor fan 6 on the defrosting operation side is driven to increase the condensation capacity for defrosting.
- defrosting time is shortened, for example, comfort is improved.
- the predetermined blowing temperature of the control target is the room temperature.
- the control device 8 can control the discharge temperature by controlling the capacity of the compressor 1 on the defrosting operation side.
- the indoor fan 6 is driven even when the defrosting operation is performed, but the air volume is reduced (for example, about 1/2).
- the compressor 1 has an operating range and a capacity lower limit value. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the air volume of the indoor fan 6. Even when fine capacity control such as unload control is impossible, it is necessary to reduce the air volume of the indoor fan 6.
- the control device 8 controls the capacity of the compressor 1 on the refrigeration cycle circuit side that performs the defrosting operation based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 14. For example, if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 14 is lower than a predetermined blowing temperature, the capacity of the compressor 1 is reduced, and if it is higher than the blowing temperature, the capacity of the compressor 1 is increased. By controlling in this way, the predetermined blowing temperature is maintained with respect to the temperature of the air sent into the room, and the indoor fan 6 on the defrosting operation side is driven to increase the condensation capacity for defrosting. By doing so, defrosting time is shortened, for example, comfort is improved.
- the cooling operation and the heating operation which are the defrosting operation, are performed simultaneously, it is possible to perform dehumidification while maintaining the blowing temperature.
- the air is cooled in the indoor heat exchanger 3 of the refrigeration cycle circuit that performs the cooling operation to dehumidify the air, and the air is warmed again by the indoor heat exchanger 3 of the refrigeration cycle circuit that performs the heating operation and blown out into the room. be able to. For this reason, reheat dehumidification can be easily performed in summer when the outside air temperature is relatively low, and comfort is improved.
- the control device 8 defrosts based on the temperature of the air mixed with the air blown out by each indoor fan 6 detected by the temperature sensor 14. Since the rotation speed of the indoor fan 6 corresponding to the refrigeration cycle circuit in operation is controlled, the temperature of the air sent into the room can be maintained at a predetermined temperature while performing the defrosting operation. Further, instead of controlling the rotational speed of the indoor fan 6 or together with the rotational speed control, the controller 8 similarly controls the capacity of the compressor 1 of the refrigeration cycle circuit performing the defrosting operation. The temperature of the generated air can be maintained at a predetermined temperature. For this reason, indoor air conditioning can be maintained and defrosting operation can be performed in each refrigeration cycle circuit without impairing comfort. Moreover, since the air to mix can be sent indoors, dehumidified air can also be sent indoors by making the indoor heat exchanger 3 of the refrigeration cycle circuit which concerns on a defrost operation function as an evaporator.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining an outdoor apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the wind speed sensors 15a and 15b are wind speed detecting means for detecting the wind speed of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchangers 5a and 5b, respectively.
- the wind speed detected by the wind speed sensors 15a and 15b is used by the control device 8 to control the rotational speed of the outdoor fan 7 and the like.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 5 serving as a condenser, and defrosting is performed using heat radiation from the refrigerant.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat with, for example, low-temperature outside air, the amount of heat for defrosting is lost and the condensation temperature is lowered, which is inefficient. In some cases, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 may not be defrosted.
- the wind speed of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 that is the wind speed of the outside air is detected by the wind speed sensors 15a and 15b.
- the control apparatus 8 controls the rotation speed of the outdoor fan 7 so that the wind speed of the air which flows in into and out of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 which concerns on the refrigerating cycle circuit which is performing the defrost operation becomes zero.
- the control device 8 controls the rotational speed of the outdoor fan 7 based on the vehicle speed detected by a speed sensor (not shown) or the like instead of the wind speed sensors 15a and 15b, and performs the defrosting operation. Air may be prevented from flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 of the cycle circuit.
- control apparatus 8 controlled the rotation speed of the outdoor fan 7 based on the wind speed which the wind speed sensor 15 detected, for example from the pressure sensor 13 which measures the refrigerant
- the calculated saturation temperature may be used. Even if the rotation temperature of the outdoor fan 7 is controlled based on the saturation temperature and the condensation temperature is adjusted, the comfort can be improved as in the above effect.
- the control device 8 calculates the condensation temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 in the defrosting operation based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 13, and the condensation temperature is a predetermined temperature (third, fourth, and seventh predetermined temperatures).
- the rotational speed of the outdoor fan 7 is controlled to be 10 ° C. or higher. If it is determined that the condensation temperature is low, the rotational speed is decreased, and if it is determined that the condensation temperature is high, the rotational speed is increased. By controlling in this way, it is possible to maintain a predetermined condensation temperature, further increase the heating capacity on the heating operation side by the operation of the outdoor fan 7, the capacity decrease during the defrosting operation is minimized, Comfort is improved.
- the condensing temperature which is the control target value of the present embodiment, is fixed at 10 ° C. for the reason that frost melting is possible at 0 ° C. or higher.
- the target value which becomes the maximum may be set by comparing the time average of the heating capacity with respect to the change of the target value.
- the required heating capacity and the amount of frost formation per hour change depending on the outside air temperature, it is desirable to change the target value depending on the outside air temperature.
- the condensation temperature in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 that performs the defrosting operation is adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the outdoor fan 7.
- the control device 8 controls the capacity of the compressor 1 on the defrosting operation side, so that the same effect can be obtained even if the condensation temperature is adjusted.
- the outdoor fan 7 continues to be driven in the same manner as in a normal case.
- the control device 8 can change the capacity of the compressors 1a and 1b, controls the capacity of the compressor 1a or 1b performing the defrosting operation, and determines that the condensation temperature is low. When the condensation temperature is judged to be high, the capacity is reduced. By this control, a predetermined condensing temperature can be maintained, and the outdoor fan 7 can be driven in the same manner as usual, so that the heating capacity on the heating operation side can be maintained. For this reason, defrost time is shortened and comfort improves.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit that controls the rotational speed of the outdoor fan 7 based on the wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor 15 and performs, for example, a defrosting operation. Since the air is prevented from flowing into and out of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 according to the above, since the amount of heat radiated by the refrigerant is not taken away by the outside air, the condensation temperature can be set to a predetermined temperature or more to avoid a decrease in the condensation temperature. Frost is possible. And comfort can be improved in order to prevent indoor temperature fall by shortening defrosting time. For example, the same effect can be obtained by controlling the capacity of the compressor 1 related to the refrigeration cycle circuit performing the defrosting operation so that the condensation temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. .
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a refrigeration air conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- devices and the like having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 perform the same operation as described in the first embodiment.
- one end of the bypass pipe 17 (17a, 17b) is connected to the pipe between the indoor heat exchanger 3 and the decompression device 4 that is on the refrigerant outflow side during heating, and the other end is connected to the compression chamber of the compressor 1.
- it is a pipe for branching the refrigerant flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger 3 during heating operation and injecting (refrigerant introduction) into the compression chamber of the compressor 1 through an opening (not shown).
- the flow rate adjusting means 18 (18a, 18b) is a means for adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the bypass pipe 17.
- the internal heat exchanger 19 (19a, 19b) is an inter-refrigerant heat exchanger for performing supercooling by heat exchange between the refrigerant that has passed through the flow rate adjusting means 18 and the refrigerant that flows through the decompression device 4.
- the electromagnetic valve 20 (20a, 20b) controls whether the refrigerant passes through the bypass pipe 17 by opening and closing.
- the refrigerant flow rate of the compressor 1 can be increased, and the compressor input can be increased, that is, the heating capacity can be improved. Further, when the temperature of the outside air is low, the evaporation temperature becomes low and the compression ratio becomes high, but since the discharge temperature can be suppressed, the reliability is excellent. Furthermore, when the capacity of the compressor is variable, the capacity can be increased while suppressing the discharge temperature, so that the heating capacity can be dramatically increased.
- the control device 8 stops the outdoor fan 7 when there is a refrigeration cycle circuit that is performing a defrosting operation. At this time, the refrigeration cycle circuit on the heating operation side performs injection. For this reason, even if the outdoor fan 7 is stopped and the evaporation temperature is lowered, the heating capacity can be maintained. Moreover, since the rise in discharge temperature can be suppressed, even if the outside air temperature is low, the defrosting operation of the present embodiment is possible, and high reliability can be ensured.
- the solenoid valves 20a and 20b are installed in the bypass pipes 17a and 17b, and the electromagnetic valves 20a and 20b are closed during the defrosting operation or the cooling operation.
- the refrigerant can be injected into the compressor 1 during the heating operation, in other refrigeration cycle circuits under conditions of low outside air temperature Even if the outdoor fan 7 is stopped for the defrosting operation, the operation can be performed while maintaining the heating capacity. Moreover, since the temperature rise of the refrigerant
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining an outdoor side apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the refrigeration air conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 5 includes dampers 21 (21a, 21b) in addition to the configuration of Embodiment 1.
- the dampers 21a and 21b are provided on the air inflow side of the outdoor heat exchangers 5a and 5b, respectively, and control the flow of air to the outdoor heat exchangers 5a and 5b by opening and closing. In the present embodiment, opening and closing is controlled so that air does not flow into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 of the refrigeration cycle circuit that performs the dehumidifying operation.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 when a refrigerated air conditioner is mounted on a moving object such as a vehicle, the flow of outside air may occur.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 when a refrigerated air conditioner is mounted on a moving object such as a vehicle, the flow of outside air may occur.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 when closing the damper 21 on the refrigeration cycle circuit side that performs the defrosting operation, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 related to the defrosting operation regardless of the movement of the vehicle, the presence or absence of driving of the outdoor fan 7, and the like.
- the flow of air that passes through and flows into the room can be blocked.
- the outdoor fan 7 can be driven in accordance with the refrigeration cycle circuit on the heating operation side, and the heating capacity can be improved.
- the damper 21 by providing the damper 21 and controlling the opening and closing, for example, it is possible to prevent heat loss of defrost due to outside air and avoid a decrease in the condensation temperature. Defrosting becomes possible. For this reason, the defrosting time can be shortened and the indoor temperature can be prevented from being lowered, so that the comfort can be improved.
- the refrigeration air conditioning apparatus of the above-mentioned embodiment is not particularly limited, it can be mounted on a train vehicle or the like and used for air conditioning of the vehicle or the like. Moreover, although each embodiment demonstrated the case where it had two refrigeration cycle circuits, it is not limited to two, You may make it comprise three or more refrigeration cycle circuits. Furthermore, the air conditioning control of the refrigeration air conditioner can be performed by variously combining the control performed by the control device 8 in the first to fourth embodiments.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、温度、圧力等の高低については、特に絶対的な値との関係で高低等が定まっているものではなく、装置等における状態、動作等において相対的に定まる関係に基づいて表記しているものとする。また、添字で区別等している複数の同種の機器等について、特に区別したり、特定したりする必要がない場合には、添字を省略して記載する場合もある。
図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る冷凍空気調和装置の構成を示す図である。実施の形態1の冷凍空気調和装置は複数の冷凍サイクル回路を有している。図1において、圧縮機1a、四方弁2a、室内熱交換器3a、減圧装置4a、室外熱交換器5aをそれぞれ冷媒が循環可能なように接続して第一の冷凍サイクル回路(冷媒回路)を構成する。また、送風により室内熱交換器3aから空調対象空間である室内への空気の流れを形成し、空気と冷媒との熱交換を促進して室内の空気調和を行うための室内ファン6aを有している。さらに、圧縮機1b、四方弁2b、室内熱交換器3b、減圧装置4b、室外熱交換器5bをそれぞれ冷媒が循環可能なように接続して第二の冷凍サイクル回路を構成する。そして、送風により室内熱交換器3bから室内への空気の流れを形成し、空気と冷媒との熱交換を促進して室内の空気調和を行うための室内ファン6bを有している。
図4は本発明の実施の形態2に係る冷凍空気調和装置の構成を示す図である。図4において、図1と同じ符号を付している機器等については、実施の形態1で説明したことと同様の動作等を行う。ここで、本実施の形態の冷凍空気調和装置は、空気調和に係る空気を室内に送る場合に、各室内ファン6a、6bにより吹出した空気を一度混合させてから室内に送るように風路等が形成された場所に設置されているものとする。温度センサ14は、混合に係る空気の温度を検知するための温度検知手段である。温度センサ14が検知した温度は、制御装置8が室内ファン6a、6bの回転数等を制御するために用いる。
図5は本発明の実施の形態3に係る室外側の装置を説明するための模式図である。図5において、図1等と同じ符号を付している機器等については、実施の形態1等で説明したことと同様の動作等を行う。風速センサ15a、15bは、それぞれ室外熱交換器5a、5bに流入する空気の風速を検知する風速検知手段である。風速センサ15a、15bが検知した風速は、制御装置8が室外ファン7の回転数等を制御するために用いる。
図6は本発明の実施の形態4に係る冷凍空気調和装置の構成を示す図である。図6において、図1等と同じ符号を付している機器等については、実施の形態1等で説明したことと同様の動作等を行う。
図7は本発明の実施の形態5に係る室外側の装置を説明するための模式図である。図7において、図1等と同じ符号を付している機器等については、実施の形態1等で説明したことと同様の動作等を行う。実施の形態5に係る冷凍空気調和装置は、実施の形態1の構成に加え、ダンパー21(21a、21b)を有している。ダンパー21a、21bは、それぞれ室外熱交換器5a、5bの空気の流入側に設けられ、開閉により室外熱交換器5a、5bへの空気の流れを制御する。本実施の形態では、除湿運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の室外熱交換器5に空気が流入しないようにするために開閉を制御する。
Claims (16)
- 圧縮機、四方弁、室内熱交換器、減圧装置及び室外熱交換器を配管接続してそれぞれ冷暖房運転可能に構成する複数の冷凍サイクル回路と、
各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室外熱交換器と熱交換させる空気を送り込むための室外ファンと、
前記各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室内熱交換器に対応して設けられ、各室内熱交換器を通過して空調対象空間に送り込む空気の流れをそれぞれ形成する複数の室内ファンと、
少なくとも1つの前記冷凍サイクル回路が前記室外熱交換器の除霜を行う除霜運転を開始すると、前記各室内ファンの送風によって混合した空気の温度が第1の所定温度となるように、除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路に対応する室内ファンの回転数を制御する制御装置と
を備えることを特徴とする冷凍空気調和装置。 - 圧縮機、四方弁、室内熱交換器、減圧装置及び室外熱交換器を配管接続してそれぞれ冷暖房運転可能に構成する複数の冷凍サイクル回路と、
各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室外熱交換器と熱交換させる空気を送り込むための室外ファンと、
前記各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室内熱交換器に対応して設けられ、各室内熱交換器を通過して空調対象空間に送り込む空気の流れをそれぞれ形成する複数の室内ファンと、
少なくとも1つの前記冷凍サイクル回路が前記室外熱交換器の除霜を行う除霜運転を開始すると、前記各室内ファンの送風によって混合した空気の温度が第2の所定温度となるように、除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の圧縮機の容量を制御する制御装置と
を備えることを特徴とする冷凍空気調和装置。 - 圧縮機、四方弁、室内熱交換器、減圧装置及び室外熱交換器を配管接続してそれぞれ冷暖房運転可能に構成する複数の冷凍サイクル回路と、
各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室外熱交換器と熱交換させる空気を送り込むための室外ファンと、
前記各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室内熱交換器に対応して設けられ、各室内熱交換器を通過して空調対象空間に送り込む空気の流れをそれぞれ形成する複数の室内ファンと、
前記複数の冷凍サイクル回路による暖房運転中に、少なくとも1つの前記冷凍サイクル回路が前記室外熱交換器を凝縮器として除霜を行う除霜運転を開始すると、前記除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の室外熱交換器における冷媒の凝縮温度が第3の所定温度以上となるように前記室外ファンの回転数を制御する制御装置と
を備えることを特徴とする冷凍空気調和装置。 - 圧縮機、四方弁、室内熱交換器、減圧装置及び室外熱交換器を配管接続してそれぞれ冷暖房運転可能に構成する複数の冷凍サイクル回路と、
各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室外熱交換器と熱交換させる空気を送り込むための室外ファンと、
前記各冷凍サイクル回路の前記室内熱交換器に対応して設けられ、各室内熱交換器を通過して空調対象空間に送り込む空気の流れをそれぞれ形成する複数の室内ファンと、
前記複数の冷凍サイクル回路による暖房運転中に、少なくとも1つの前記冷凍サイクル回路が前記室外熱交換器を凝縮器として除霜を行う除霜運転を開始すると、前記除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の室外熱交換器における冷媒の凝縮温度が第4の所定温度以上となるように、前記除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の圧縮機の容量を制御する制御装置と
を備えることを特徴とする冷凍空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記各室内ファンの送風によって混合した空気の温度が第5の所定温度となるように、除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路に対応する室内ファンの回転数を制御することを特徴とする請求項3又は請求項4に記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記各室内ファンの送風によって混合した空気の温度が第6の所定温度となるように、前記除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の圧縮機の容量を制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 前記制御装置は、除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路に対応する室内ファンを停止させることを特徴とする請求項2、請求項3、請求項4または請求項6のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記少なくとも1つの冷凍サイクル回路が前記除霜運転を開始すると、前記室外ファンを停止させることを特徴とする請求項1、請求項2、請求項4又は請求項5のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 外気空気の風速を検知する風速検知手段をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記少なくとも1つの冷凍サイクル回路が前記除霜運転を開始すると、前記風速検知手段の検知に係る風速に基づいて、前記室外ファンの回転数を制御することを特徴とする請求項1、請求項2、請求項4、請求項5、請求項6又は請求項7のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記少なくとも1つの冷凍サイクル回路が前記室外熱交換器を凝縮器として除霜を行う除霜運転を開始すると、前記除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の室外熱交換器における冷媒の凝縮温度が第7の所定温度以上となるように前記室外ファンの回転数を制御することを特徴とする請求項1、請求項2、請求項4、請求項5、請求項6又は請求項7のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記各室内ファンの送風によって混合した空気の温度に基づいて、前記除霜運転を行う冷凍サイクル回路の圧縮機の容量を制御することを特徴とする請求項1、請求項3、請求項5、請求項7、請求項8、請求項9又は請求項10のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 少なくとも1つの前記冷凍サイクル回路において、
前記室内熱交換器と前記減圧装置の間を流れる冷媒の一部を前記圧縮機が有する圧縮室内に流入させるためのバイパス配管と、
該バイパス配管を流れる冷媒量を調節するための流量調節手段と、
前記室内熱交換器と前記減圧装置との間を流れる冷媒と、前記バイパス配管を流れる冷媒との熱交換を行う内部熱交換器とをさらに有し、
前記制御装置は、前記バイパス配管を有する冷凍サイクル回路が暖房運転を行う場合に、前記流量調節手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項11のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。 - 開閉によって、前記各室外熱交換器への空気の流入を制御するダンパーをさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記除霜運転を行う前記室外熱交換器に対応する前記ダンパーを閉じる制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項12のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、連続して除霜運転を行わないように、前記除霜運転を行う前記冷凍サイクル回路を変更することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項13のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記除霜運転を行っていた冷凍サイクル回路が除霜運転を終了して暖房運転を開始してから所定時間、次の冷凍サイクル回路の除霜運転を開始させないことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項14のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記暖房運転を停止させた前記冷凍サイクル回路に対して、前記除霜運転を行わせることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項15のいずれかに記載の冷凍空気調和装置。
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EP16168634.0A EP3076094B1 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | Refrigeration and air-conditioning apparatus |
EP11867130.4A EP2719966B1 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | Refrigeration air-conditioning device |
JP2013519229A JP5709993B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | 冷凍空気調和装置 |
CN201180071460.8A CN103597291B (zh) | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | 制冷空调装置 |
US14/118,572 US9726420B2 (en) | 2011-06-08 | 2011-06-08 | Apparatus for defrosting a plurality of heat exchangers having a common outdoor fan |
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JP2017125666A (ja) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置および管理システム |
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US9726420B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
EP2719966A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
JP5709993B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
EP3076094B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
US20140090406A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
CN103597291A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
JPWO2012168971A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
EP2719966B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
EP2719966A1 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
CN103597291B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
EP3076094A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
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