WO2011052546A1 - 有機光電変換素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
有機光電変換素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011052546A1 WO2011052546A1 PCT/JP2010/068878 JP2010068878W WO2011052546A1 WO 2011052546 A1 WO2011052546 A1 WO 2011052546A1 JP 2010068878 W JP2010068878 W JP 2010068878W WO 2011052546 A1 WO2011052546 A1 WO 2011052546A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal salt
- electrode
- photoelectric conversion
- conversion element
- organic photoelectric
- Prior art date
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- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002987 phenanthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
- H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic photoelectric conversion element and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element generally includes (1) a step of preparing a substrate, (2) a step of forming a first electrode on the substrate, and (3) a first charge transport layer on the first electrode. A step of forming, (4) a step of forming an active layer on the first charge transport layer, (5) a step of forming a second charge transport layer on the active layer, and (6) a second charge. And a step of forming a second electrode on the transport layer.
- the active layer contains an organic compound such as an electron-accepting compound or an electron-donating compound
- the active layer is vulnerable to a high temperature and is used in a subsequent charge transport layer forming process, for example, a vapor deposition process in an electrode forming process such as an aluminum electrode. Due to the high temperature process, the electrical characteristics may be deteriorated, or the organic compound may be decomposed to lose its function.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element that requires the conventional film formation step at a high temperature, an organic compound contained in a functional layer such as an active layer may be decomposed by heat. As a result, the organic photoelectric conversion element may malfunction. Further, when film formation by vapor deposition or the like is performed, a large-scale and expensive facility such as a vacuum facility is required. Therefore, the manufacturing process becomes complicated, and the manufacturing cost may increase.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on an organic photoelectric conversion element and a manufacturing method thereof, and have completed the present invention.
- any one of the pair of electrodes includes: An organic photoelectric conversion element comprising an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor.
- any one of the pair of electrodes includes: An organic photoelectric conversion comprising a metal salt layer containing an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor layer containing a conductor, and the metal salt layer being bonded to the active layer element.
- An organic photoelectric conversion comprising a metal salt layer containing an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor layer containing a conductor, and the metal salt layer being bonded to the active layer element.
- the conductor is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Al, Ag, Au, Cu, Sn, and Zn.
- the alkali metal salt is a metal salt of Li, Na, K, or Cs.
- the alkaline earth metal salt is a metal salt of any one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Sr, and Ba. Photoelectric conversion element.
- the alkali metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt are any one selected from the group consisting of chloride, fluoride, bromide, acetate, oxalate and carbonate, [1] to [7] Organic photoelectric conversion element as described in any one of these. [9] The organic photoelectric conversion device according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the alkali metal salt and the alkaline earth metal salt are salts having a particle diameter of 100 nm or less. [10] The organic photoelectric conversion device according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the active layer contains a fullerene derivative.
- an alkali metal salt or an alkali is provided on the active layer.
- the manufacturing method of an organic photoelectric conversion element including the process of apply
- an alkali metal salt or an alkali is provided on the active layer. Applying a coating solution containing an earth metal salt and a solvent to form a metal salt layer, and forming a conductor layer containing a conductor and a solvent on the metal salt layer; The manufacturing method of an organic photoelectric conversion element.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element of the second embodiment.
- Organic photoelectric conversion element 20 Substrate 32: First electrode 34: Second electrode 34a: Metal salt layer 34b: Conductor layer 40: Active layer
- the organic photoelectric conversion element according to the first embodiment includes a pair of electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode, and an active layer sandwiched between the pair of electrodes, and one of the pair of electrodes.
- the electrode includes an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element of the first embodiment.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 includes a pair of electrodes including a first electrode 32 and a second electrode 34, and an active layer 40 sandwiched between the pair of electrodes.
- the first electrode 32, the active layer 40, and the second electrode 34 are provided on the substrate 20.
- At least the electrode on which light is incident that is, at least one of the electrodes is a transparent or translucent electrode capable of transmitting incident light (sunlight) having a wavelength necessary for power generation.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element includes a pair of electrodes including a first electrode 32 and a second electrode 34, and an active layer 40 sandwiched between the pair of electrodes.
- the polarities of the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34 may be any suitable polarity corresponding to the element structure.
- An example in which the first electrode 32 is an anode and the second electrode 34 is a cathode will be described below.
- the first electrode 32 may be a cathode and the second electrode 34 may be an anode.
- the first electrode 32 or the second electrode 34 of the first embodiment is configured as an electrode including an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor as materials.
- the second electrode 34 which is a cathode is an electrode including an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor as materials.
- the conductor as the electrode material is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn). These metals are mentioned.
- This conductor is preferably a nanoparticle having a diameter of 100 nm or less.
- the nanoparticle means a particle having a diameter of 100 nm or less.
- the nanoparticles preferably have a diameter of 50 nm or less from the viewpoint of lowering the sintering temperature.
- a diameter is 5 nm or more from a viewpoint of stability of the nanoparticle in the non-heating process at the time of a storage or an application
- the conductor is preferably fibrous particles.
- the fibrous particle means a particle having an aspect ratio of 10 or more and 100,000 or less formed by a ratio of a fiber diameter and a fiber length.
- the fibrous particles preferably have an aspect ratio of 100 or more from the viewpoint of conductivity. Since the fibrous particles have many gaps (voids) inside the aggregate, the fibrous particles can be uniformly mixed with the alkali metal salt or the alkaline earth metal salt.
- the fibrous particles preferably have a fiber diameter of 100 nm or less from the viewpoint of allowing sintering to proceed at a lower temperature.
- the conductor is preferably a mixture of the nanoparticles and the fibrous particles. Furthermore, the conductor can be nanoparticles and fibrous particles.
- the alkali metal salt contained in this electrode is preferably a metal salt of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K) or cesium (Cs).
- the alkaline earth metal salt contained in this electrode is preferably any one selected from the group consisting of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba).
- the alkali metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt contained in this electrode are preferably any one selected from the group consisting of chloride, fluoride, bromide, acetate, oxalate and carbonate.
- the alkali metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt are preferably salts having a particle diameter of 100 nm or less.
- the other electrode facing the electrode of the first embodiment including the above-described alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor will be described.
- the transparent or translucent electrode examples include a conductive metal oxide film and a translucent metal thin film.
- a conductive material made of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide (sometimes referred to as ITO), indium zinc oxide, or the like, which is a composite thereof, is used as the electrode.
- Films such as NESA, gold, platinum, silver, copper, etc. are used, and ITO, indium zinc oxide, and tin oxide films are preferred.
- the electrode manufacturing method include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a plating method, and the like.
- electrode material for the opaque electrode a metal, a conductive polymer, or the like can be used.
- electrode materials for opaque electrodes include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, cerium, samarium, europium, terbium Selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, copper, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten and tin, and a metal such as ytterbium, and two or more alloys thereof, or one or more of these metals And alloys with one or more metals, graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, polyaniline and its derivatives, polythiophene and its derivatives.
- Examples of the alloy include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, calcium-aluminum alloy and the like.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element is usually formed on a substrate. That is, the stacked structure including the first electrode 32, the active layer 40 provided on the first electrode 32, and the second electrode 34 provided on the active layer 40 is provided on the main surface of the substrate 20.
- the material of the substrate 20 may be any material that does not change chemically when forming an electrode and forming a layer containing an organic substance.
- Examples of the material of the substrate 20 include glass, plastic, polymer film, silicon and the like.
- the second electrode 34 (electrode far from the substrate 20) provided on the side opposite to the substrate side facing the first electrode 32 is transparent. It is preferable that it is translucent or can transmit required incident light.
- the active layer 40 is sandwiched between the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34.
- the active layer 40 is a bulk hetero type organic layer in which an electron accepting compound (n-type semiconductor) and an electron donating compound (p-type semiconductor) are mixed and contained.
- the active layer 40 is a layer having an essential function for the photoelectric conversion function, which can generate charges (holes and electrons) using the energy of incident light.
- the active layer 40 included in the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 includes an electron donating compound and an electron accepting compound.
- the electron-donating compound and the electron-accepting compound are determined relatively from the energy levels of these compounds, and one compound can be either an electron-donating compound or an electron-accepting compound.
- electron donating compounds include pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, aromatic amines in the side chain or main chain And polysiloxane derivatives, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- electron accepting compounds include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, benzoquinone and its derivatives, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, anthraquinone and its derivatives, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene and derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, 8-hydroxyquinoline and metal complexes of derivatives thereof, polyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof, fullerenes and derivatives thereof such as C 60 fullerene, bathocuproine And phenanthrene derivatives such as titanium oxide, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, and carbon nanotubes.
- titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and fullerene derivatives are preferable, and fullerenes and fullerene derivatives are particularly prefer
- fullerene examples include C 60 fullerene, C 70 fullerene, C 76 fullerene, C 78 fullerene, such as C 84 fullerene, and the like.
- Examples of the fullerene derivatives C 60 fullerene, C 70 fullerene, C 76 fullerene, C 78 fullerene include C 84 fullerene derivatives of each. Examples of the specific structure of the fullerene derivative include the following structures.
- fullerene derivatives include [6,6] phenyl-C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (C 60 PCBM, [6,6] -Phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester), and [6,6] phenyl-C 71 butyric acid.
- Methyl ester (C 70 PCBM, [6,6] -Phenyl C 71 butyric acid methyl ester), [6,6] Phenyl-C 85 butyric acid methyl ester (C 84 PCBM, [6,6] -Phenyl C 85 butyric acid methyl ester), and the like [6,6] thienyl -C 61 butyric acid methyl ester ([6,6] -Thienyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester).
- the ratio of the fullerene derivative is preferably 10 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electron donating compound, and 20 parts by weight to 500 parts by weight. It is more preferable that
- the thickness of the active layer is usually preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, still more preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm.
- an additional layer (in addition to the active layer) is provided as a means for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency between at least one of the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34 and the active layer 40.
- An intermediate layer may be provided.
- halides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as lithium fluoride, oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and the like can be used.
- the material include fine particles of inorganic semiconductor such as titanium oxide, PEDOT (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and the like.
- Examples of the additional layer include a charge transport layer (hole transport layer, electron transport layer) that transports holes or electrons.
- any suitable material can be used as the material constituting the charge transport layer.
- the charge transport layer is an electron transport layer
- an example of the material is 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP).
- BCP 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- PEDOT PEDOT
- the additional intermediate layer that may be provided between the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34 and the active layer 40 may be a buffer layer.
- a material used as the buffer layer include lithium fluoride and the like.
- oxides such as titanium oxide, and the like.
- an inorganic semiconductor it can be used in the form of fine particles.
- the active layer 40 is described as a single layer active layer in which the active layer 40 is a bulk hetero type in which an electron accepting compound and an electron donating compound are mixed.
- the active layer 40 may be composed of a plurality of layers.
- a heterojunction type in which an electron accepting layer containing an electron accepting compound such as a fullerene derivative and an electron donating layer containing an electron donating compound such as P3HT may be joined.
- an example of the layer structure which the organic photoelectric conversion element of this Embodiment can take is shown below.
- a) Anode / active layer / cathode b) Anode / hole transport layer / active layer / cathode c) Anode / active layer / electron transport layer / cathode d) Anode / hole transport layer / active layer / electron transport layer / cathode e) Anode / electron supply layer / electron acceptor layer / cathode f) Anode / hole transport layer / electron supply layer / electron acceptor layer / cathode g) Anode / electron supply layer / electron acceptor layer / electron Transport layer / cathode h) anode / hole transport layer / electron supply layer / electron-accepting layer / electron transport layer / cathode (where the symbol “/” is adjacent to the layer sandwiching the symbol “/”) Indicates that they are stacked.)
- the layer configuration may be any of a form in which the anode is provided on the side closer to the substrate and a form in which the cathode is provided on the side closer to the substrate.
- Each of the above layers may be formed as a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers.
- the ratio of the electron accepting compound in the bulk hetero type active layer containing the electron accepting compound and the electron donating compound is 10 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electron donating compound. It is preferably 50 parts by weight to 500 parts by weight.
- the manufacturing method of an organic photoelectric conversion element is a method of forming an active layer in a manufacturing method of an organic photoelectric conversion element including a pair of electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode, and an active layer sandwiched between the pair of electrodes. And a step of applying, on the active layer, a coating solution containing an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt, a conductor and a solvent to form one of the pair of electrodes. .
- the substrate 20 is prepared.
- the substrate 20 is a flat substrate having two main surfaces facing each other.
- a substrate in which a thin film of a conductive material that can be an electrode material such as indium tin oxide is provided on one main surface of the substrate 20 in advance may be prepared.
- a thin film of conductive material is formed on one main surface of the substrate 20 by any suitable method.
- the conductive material thin film is then patterned.
- the first electrode 32 is formed by patterning a thin film of a conductive material by any suitable method such as a photolithography process and an etching process.
- the active layer 40 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 10 on which the first electrode 32 is formed according to a conventional method.
- the active layer 40 can be formed by a coating method such as a spin coating method, in which a coating liquid in which a solvent and any suitable active layer material are mixed is applied.
- the second electrode 34 is formed on the active layer 40.
- the second electrode 34 is formed by a film forming method using a coating liquid, that is, a solution.
- Film formation methods include spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, spray coating, screen printing, and gravure printing.
- Application methods such as flexographic printing method, offset printing method, inkjet printing method, dispenser printing method, nozzle coating method, capillary coating method, spin coating method, flexographic printing method, gravure printing method, inkjet printing method, Dispenser printing is preferred.
- the solvent used in the film forming method using these solutions is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves the material of the second electrode 34 described above, that is, the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt already described and the conductor. Absent.
- solvents examples include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ⁇ -terpineol, ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellulosolve.
- alcohol solvents such as n-octane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane and other alkanes.
- the second electrode 34 is completed by drying the coated and formed layer under any suitable atmosphere such as a nitrogen gas atmosphere under conditions suitable for the material and the solvent.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element according to the second embodiment includes a pair of electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode, and an active layer sandwiched between the pair of electrodes, and any one of the pair of electrodes.
- the electrode is formed by laminating a metal salt layer containing an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor layer containing a conductor, and the metal salt layer is joined to the active layer It is said.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element of the second embodiment.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 includes a pair of electrodes including a first electrode 32 and a second electrode 34, and an active layer 40 sandwiched between the pair of electrodes.
- the first electrode 32, the active layer 40, and the second electrode 34 are provided on the substrate 20.
- At least one of the electrodes on which light is incident that is, at least one of the electrodes is a transparent or translucent electrode capable of transmitting incident light (sunlight) having a wavelength necessary for power generation.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element includes a pair of electrodes including a first electrode 32 and a second electrode 34, and an active layer 40 sandwiched between the pair of electrodes.
- the polarities of the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 34 may be any suitable polarity corresponding to the element structure, and the first electrode 32 may be a cathode and the second electrode 34 may be an anode.
- a metal salt layer 34a containing an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt as a material and a conductor layer containing a conductor as a material are laminated. Configured as an electrode.
- the second electrode 34 which is a cathode is an electrode in which a metal salt layer 34a containing an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt as a material and a conductor layer 34b containing a conductor as a material are stacked. Yes. Further, the metal salt layer 34 a is joined to the active layer 40.
- the configuration of the substrate 20, the other electrode, the active layer 40, and the additional layer is the same as the configuration of the first embodiment already described, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- An example of a conductor that is a material of the conductor layer 34b is preferably a group consisting of aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn).
- Al aluminum
- Au gold
- Cu copper
- Sn tin
- Zn zinc
- This conductor is preferably a nanoparticle having a diameter of 100 nm or less.
- the conductor is preferably fibrous particles. Furthermore, the conductor is preferably a mixture of these nanoparticles and fibrous particles.
- the alkali metal salt contained in the metal salt layer 34a is preferably a metal salt of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), or cesium (Cs).
- the alkaline earth metal salt contained in the metal salt layer 34a is preferably any one selected from the group consisting of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba).
- All of the alkali metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt contained in the metal salt layer 34a are preferably any one selected from the group consisting of chloride, fluoride, bromide, acetate, oxalate and carbonate. is there.
- the alkali metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt are preferably salts having a particle diameter of 100 nm or less.
- a method for producing an organic photoelectric conversion element includes a step of forming a metal salt layer on an active layer by applying a coating solution containing an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt and a solvent as materials, Forming a conductor layer containing a conductor and a solvent.
- the substrate 20 is prepared.
- the substrate 20 is a flat substrate having two main surfaces facing each other.
- a substrate in which a thin film of a conductive material that can be an electrode material such as indium tin oxide is provided on one main surface of the substrate 20 in advance may be prepared.
- the first electrode 32 is formed as described in the first embodiment.
- the active layer 40 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 10 on which the first electrode 32 is formed according to a conventional method.
- the active layer 40 is coated with a coating liquid in which a solvent and any suitable active layer material are mixed, and the formed layer is suitable for the material and the solvent in any suitable atmosphere such as a nitrogen gas atmosphere. It can be formed by a coating method such as a spin coating method, which is dried under various conditions.
- the second electrode 34 is formed on the active layer 40.
- the second electrode 34 is formed by the same film forming method as that of the above-described active layer 40 using a coating liquid, that is, a solution.
- Film formation methods include spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, spray coating, screen printing, and gravure printing.
- Application methods such as flexographic printing method, offset printing method, inkjet printing method, dispenser printing method, nozzle coating method, capillary coating method, spin coating method, flexographic printing method, gravure printing method, inkjet printing method, Dispenser printing is preferred.
- the solvent used in the film forming method using these solutions is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves the material of the second electrode 34 described above, that is, the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt already described and the conductor. Absent.
- solvents examples include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ⁇ -terpineol, ethyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellulosolve.
- alcohol solvents such as n-octane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, and alkanes such as n-tetradecane.
- the metal salt layer 34a is formed on the formed active layer 40 by the coating method already described. Specifically, a coating liquid obtained by mixing (dissolving) a selected alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt and a corresponding suitable solvent is applied onto the active layer 40.
- the metal salt layer 34a is formed by drying the coated layer in any suitable atmosphere such as a nitrogen gas atmosphere under conditions suitable for the material and the solvent.
- the conductor layer 34b is formed on the formed metal salt layer 34a by the coating method already described. Specifically, a coating solution obtained by mixing (dissolving) a selected conductor and a corresponding suitable solvent is applied onto the metal salt layer 34a. The conductor layer 34b is formed by drying the coated layer in any suitable atmosphere such as a nitrogen gas atmosphere under conditions suitable for the material and the solvent. Thus, the electrode second electrode 34 in which the metal salt layer 34a and the conductor layer 34b are laminated is completed. By implementing the above process, the organic photoelectric conversion element of 2nd Embodiment can be manufactured.
- the electrode is formed by a coating method that does not require heating at a high temperature. For this reason, an electrode (layer) can be formed by an extremely simple process without deteriorating a functional layer containing an organic compound such as an active layer or losing its function. Moreover, since the organic photoelectric conversion element manufactured by this method includes an electrode containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt and a conductor, an electrical barrier at the interface between the electrode and the active layer joined to the electrode Therefore, it has excellent electrical characteristics.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention irradiates light such as sunlight from the first electrode and / or the second electrode, which are transparent or translucent electrodes, so that the photovoltaic power is generated between the electrodes. Is generated and can be operated as an organic thin film solar cell. It can also be used as an organic thin film solar cell module by integrating a plurality of organic thin film solar cells.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention transmits a transparent or translucent electrode in a state where a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, or in a state where no voltage is applied. A photocurrent flows when light enters the element. Therefore, the organic photoelectric conversion element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention can be operated as an organic photosensor. It can also be used as an organic image sensor by integrating a plurality of organic photosensors.
- Example 1 A glass substrate (first substrate) on which an ITO film having a thickness of 150 nm is formed by sputtering is washed with acetone, and then an ultraviolet ozone irradiation apparatus equipped with a low-pressure mercury lamp (manufactured by Technovision, model: UV-312) was used for UV ozone cleaning treatment for 15 minutes to form an ITO electrode (first electrode) having a clean surface.
- a PEDOT trade name Baytron P AI4083, lot. HCD07O109
- first charge transport layer was formed on the glass substrate provided with the ITO electrode by spin coating. Thereafter, drying was performed at 150 ° C. in the air for 30 minutes.
- P3HT Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (trade name licicon SP001, lot. EF431002) manufactured by Merck as a conjugated polymer compound, and PCBM (trade name E100, lot. 7B0168-A manufactured by Frontier Carbon Co., Ltd.) as a fullerene derivative.
- PCBM trade name E100, lot. 7B0168-A manufactured by Frontier Carbon Co., Ltd.
- the coating liquid was prepared.
- a coating solution was applied onto the PEDOT layer by a spin coating method. Thereafter, heat treatment is performed at 150 ° C. for 3 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. The thickness of the active layer after the heat treatment is about 100 nm.
- the electrode forming coating solution 1 was prepared by dissolving cesium carbonate.
- An electrode layer (second electrode) was formed on the active layer by spin coating. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the shape of the organic thin film solar cell which is an organic photoelectric conversion element is a square of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm.
- a cesium carbonate layer was formed by spin coating using the electrode forming coating solution 2. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Next, a silver layer was formed using the silver nanoparticle dispersion, and then heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the present invention is useful because it provides an organic photoelectric conversion element.
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Abstract
Description
また蒸着等による成膜が行われる場合には、真空系の設備のような大規模かつ高価な設備が必要となる。よって製造工程が煩雑となり、製造コストが増大する場合がある。
〔1〕 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子において、前記一対の電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極が、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体とを含む、有機光電変換素子。
〔2〕 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子において、前記一対の電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極が、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩を含む金属塩層と導電体を含む導電体層とが積層されて構成されており、かつ該金属塩層が前記活性層と接合している、有機光電変換素子。
〔3〕 導電体がAl、Ag、Au、Cu、Sn及びZnからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属である、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔4〕 導電体が直径100nm以下のナノ粒子である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔5〕 導電体が繊維状粒子である、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔6〕 アルカリ金属塩が、Li、Na、K又はCsの金属塩である、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔7〕 アルカリ土類金属塩が、Ca、Mg、Sr、Baからなる群から選ばれるいずれかひとつの金属の金属塩である、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔8〕 アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩が、塩化物、フッ化物、臭化物、酢酸塩、シュウ酸塩及び炭酸塩からなる群から選ばれるいずれかひとつである、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔9〕 アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩が、粒子直径100nm以下の塩である、〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔10〕 活性層がフラーレン誘導体を含む、〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機光電変換素子。
〔11〕 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子の製造方法において、前記活性層上に、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体と溶媒とを含む塗工液を塗布して、前記電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極を形成する工程を含む、有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
〔12〕 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子の製造方法において、前記活性層上に、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と溶媒とを含む塗工液を塗布して金属塩層を形成する工程と、前記金属塩層上に、導電体と溶媒とを含む導電体層を形成する工程とを含む、有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
20:基板
32:第1電極
34:第2電極
34a:金属塩層
34b:導電体層
40:活性層
<有機光電変換素子>
第1の実施形態の有機光電変換素子は、第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備え、これら一対の電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極が、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体とを含むことを特徴としている。
図1は、第1の実施形態の有機光電変換素子の構成を示す概略的な断面図である。
この例では陰極である第2電極34を、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体とを材料として含む電極としている。
またこの電極に含まれるアルカリ土類金属塩は、好ましくはカルシウム(Ca)、マグネシウム(Mg)、ストロンチウム(Sr)、バリウム(Ba)からなる群から選ばれるいずれかひとつである。
アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩は、好ましくは粒子直径100nm以下の塩である。
なお、電子供与性化合物と電子受容性化合物とは、これらの化合物のエネルギー準位のエネルギーレベルから相対的に決定され、1つの化合物が電子供与性化合物、電子受容性化合物のいずれともなり得る。
a)陽極/活性層/陰極
b)陽極/正孔輸送層/活性層/陰極
c)陽極/活性層/電子輸送層/陰極
d)陽極/正孔輸送層/活性層/電子輸送層/陰極
e)陽極/電子供給性層/電子受容性層/陰極
f)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子供給性層/電子受容性層/陰極
g)陽極/電子供給性層/電子受容性層/電子輸送層/陰極
h)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子供給性層/電子受容性層/電子輸送層/陰極
(ここで、記号「/」は、記号「/」を挟む層同士が隣接して積層されていることを示す。)
上記各層は、単層で構成されるのみならず、2層以上の積層体として構成されていてもよい。
有機光電変換素子において、電子受容性化合物及び電子供与性化合物を含有するバルクヘテロ型の活性層における電子受容性化合物の割合は、電子供与性化合物100重量部に対して、10重量部~1000重量部とすることが好ましく、50重量部~500重量部とすることがより好ましい。
次に第1の実施形態の有機光電変換素子の製造方法について、図1を参照して説明する。
有機光電変換素子の製造方法は、第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子の製造方法において、活性層を形成する工程と、活性層上に、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体と溶媒とを含む塗工液を塗布して、一対の電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極を形成する工程とを含む。
以上の工程を実施することにより、第1の実施形態の有機光電変換素子を製造することができる。
<有機光電変換素子>
第2の実施形態の有機光電変換素子は、第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備え、これら一対の電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極が、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩を含む金属塩層と導電体を含む導電体層とが積層されて構成されており、かつ金属塩層が活性層と接合していることを特徴としている。
図2は、第2の実施形態の有機光電変換素子の構成を示す概略的な断面図である。
これら第1電極32、活性層40、第2電極34は基板20上に設けられている。
本実施形態では陰極である第2電極34を、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩を材料として含有する金属塩層34aと導電体を材料として含有する導電体層34bとが積層された電極としている。さらに金属塩層34aが活性層40と接合している。
また金属塩層34aに含まれるアルカリ土類金属塩は、好ましくはカルシウム(Ca)、マグネシウム(Mg)、ストロンチウム(Sr)、バリウム(Ba)からなる群から選ばれるいずれかひとつである。
アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩は、好ましくは粒子直径100nm以下の塩である。
次に第2の実施形態の有機光電変換素子の製造方法について、図2を参照して説明する。なお、第1の実施形態と同様の工程については、条件等の詳細な説明を省略する場合がある。
有機光電変換素子の製造方法は、活性層上に、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と溶媒とを材料として含む塗工液を塗布して金属塩層を形成する工程と、金属塩層上に、導電体と溶媒とを含む導電体層を形成する工程とを含む。
有機光電変換素子10の製造にあたり、まず基板20を準備する。基板20は対向する2面の主面を有する平板状の基板である。基板20を準備するにあたり、基板20の一方の主面には例えばインジウムスズ酸化物のような電極の材料となり得る導電性材料の薄膜が予め設けられている基板を準備してもよい。
以上の工程を実施することにより、第2の実施形態の有機光電変換素子を製造することができる。
またこの方法により製造される有機光電変換素子は、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体とを含む電極を備えるため、電極とこの電極に接合される活性層との界面の電気的な障壁が低くなるため、電気的に優れた特性を有する。
ここで有機光電変換素子の動作機構を簡単に説明する。透明又は半透明の電極を透過して活性層に入射した入射光のエネルギーが、電子受容性化合物及び/又は電子供与性化合物で吸収され、電子と正孔とが結合した励起子を生成する。生成した励起子が移動して、電子受容性化合物と電子供与性化合物とが接合しているヘテロ接合界面に達すると、界面でのそれぞれのHOMOエネルギー及びLUMOエネルギーの違いにより電子と正孔とが分離し、独立に動くことができる電荷(電子及び正孔)が発生する。発生した電荷がそれぞれ電極(陰極、陽極)に移動することにより素子外部へ電気エネルギー(電流)として取り出すことができる。
本発明の製造方法により製造される有機光電変換素子は、透明又は半透明の電極である第1電極及び/又は第2電極から太陽光等の光を照射することにより、電極間に光起電力が発生し、有機薄膜太陽電池として動作させることができる。有機薄膜太陽電池を複数集積することにより有機薄膜太陽電池モジュールとして用いることもできる。
スパッタリング法により150nmの厚みでITO膜を形成したガラス基板(第1基板)を、アセトンにて洗浄した後、低圧水銀ランプを備えた紫外線オゾン照射装置(テクノビジョン社製、型式:UV-312)を用いて、15分間UVオゾン洗浄処理し、清浄な表面をもつITO電極(第1電極)を形成した。次にITO電極が設けられたガラス基板上に、スピンコート法により塗布してPEDOT(スタルク社製、商品名Baytron P AI4083、lot.HCD07O109)層(第1電荷輸送層)を形成した。その後、大気中150℃で、30分間乾燥を行った。共役高分子化合物としてポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン)(P3HT)(メルク社製、商品名lisicon SP001、lot.EF431002)、フラーレン誘導体としてPCBM(フロンティアカーボン社製、商品名E100、lot.7B0168-A)を、オルトジクロロベンゼン溶媒中にP3HTが1.5重量%、PCBMが1.2重量%となるよう添加し、70℃で2時間撹拌を行なった後、孔径0.2μmのフィルタにてろ過を行い、塗工液を調製した。PEDOT層上に、塗工液をスピンコート法により塗布した。その後、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、150℃で3分間加熱処理する。加熱処理後の活性層の膜厚は約100nmである。
有機薄膜太陽電池の光電変換効率をソーラシミュレータ(山下電装社製、商品名YSS-80)を用い、AM1.5Gフィルタを通した放射照度100mW/cm2の光を照射し、電流及び電圧を測定し、光電変換効率を求めた。結果として、作製された有機薄膜太陽電池による発電が確認された。
水/イソプロピルアルコール=70/30(重量比)の溶媒に、炭酸セシウムを1wt%添加し、撹拌混合して炭酸セシウムを溶解させることで、電極形成用塗工液2を調製した。実施例1と同様にして形成した活性層上に、電極形成用塗工液2を用いてスピンコート法により炭酸セシウム層を成膜した。その後窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃で10分間加熱処理した。次いで銀ナノ粒子分散液を用いて銀層を成膜した後、窒素ガス雰囲気下において、130℃で10分間加熱処理した。
得られた有機薄膜太陽電池の光電変換効率をソーラシミュレータを用い、AM1.5Gフィルタを通した放射照度100mW/cm2の光を照射し、電流及び電圧を測定し、光電変換効率を求めた。結果として、作製された有機薄膜太陽電池による発電が確認された。
Claims (12)
- 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子において、
前記一対の電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極が、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体とを含む、有機光電変換素子。 - 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子において、
前記一対の電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極が、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩を含む金属塩層と導電体を含む導電体層とが積層されて構成されており、かつ該金属塩層が前記活性層と接合している、有機光電変換素子。 - 導電体が、Al、Ag、Au、Cu、Sn及びZnからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の金属である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 導電体が直径100nm以下のナノ粒子である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 導電体が繊維状粒子である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 前記アルカリ金属塩が、Li、Na、K又はCsの金属塩である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- アルカリ土類金属塩が、Ca、Mg、Sr、Baからなる群から選ばれるいずれかひとつの金属の金属塩である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩が、塩化物、フッ化物、臭化物、酢酸塩、シュウ酸塩及び炭酸塩からなる群から選ばれるいずれかひとつである、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩が、粒子直径100nm以下の塩である、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 活性層がフラーレン誘導体を含む、請求項1に記載の有機光電変換素子。
- 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子の製造方法において、
前記活性層を形成する工程と、
前記活性層上に、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と導電体と溶媒とを含む塗工液を塗布して、前記電極のうちのいずれか一方の電極を形成する工程と
を含む、有機光電変換素子の製造方法。 - 第1電極及び第2電極からなる一対の電極、及び前記一対の電極間に挟持される活性層を備える有機光電変換素子の製造方法において、
前記活性層上に、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩と溶媒とを含む塗工液を塗布して金属塩層を形成する工程と、
前記金属塩層上に、導電体と溶媒とを含む導電体層を形成する工程と
を含む、有機光電変換素子の製造方法。
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WO2022249648A1 (ja) | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 組成物およびそれを用いた電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2022249647A1 (ja) | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 電子デバイス |
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JP5560147B2 (ja) | 2010-09-13 | 2014-07-23 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 成膜方法及び半導体装置の製造方法 |
CN103460426A (zh) * | 2011-03-29 | 2013-12-18 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有机光电转换元件的制造方法 |
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JP2005514729A (ja) * | 2001-12-20 | 2005-05-19 | アド−ビジョン・インコーポレイテッド | 有機発光デバイスのためのスクリーン印刷可能な電極 |
JP2005277340A (ja) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 有機デバイスの電極の製造方法 |
JP2009060053A (ja) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-19 | Fujifilm Corp | 光電変換素子 |
JP2009239279A (ja) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-15 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 積層構造体 |
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JP2005277340A (ja) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 有機デバイスの電極の製造方法 |
JP2009060053A (ja) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-19 | Fujifilm Corp | 光電変換素子 |
JP2009239279A (ja) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-15 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 積層構造体 |
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WO2022249648A1 (ja) | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 組成物およびそれを用いた電子デバイスの製造方法 |
WO2022249647A1 (ja) | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 電子デバイス |
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