WO2010122682A1 - N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法 - Google Patents
N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010122682A1 WO2010122682A1 PCT/JP2009/062687 JP2009062687W WO2010122682A1 WO 2010122682 A1 WO2010122682 A1 WO 2010122682A1 JP 2009062687 W JP2009062687 W JP 2009062687W WO 2010122682 A1 WO2010122682 A1 WO 2010122682A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/04—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from amines with formation of carbamate groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B63/00—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/08—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/12—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine useful as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals or agricultural chemicals.
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine obtained by alkoxycarbonylation of the amino group of L-tert-leucine (2S-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid) is useful as an intermediate for various pharmaceuticals or agricultural chemicals.
- N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine has been reported to be very useful as a raw material for hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine As a method for producing N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine, the following methods have been known so far. 1) A method for producing N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine using an excess of an N-alkoxycarbonylating agent while maintaining pH 11-13. (Patent Document 3). 2) By adding 1.00 equivalent of an N-alkoxycarbonylating agent to a strongly basic aqueous solution of tert-leucine to which an excess amount of sodium hydroxide has been added in advance, N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine How to manufacture. (Patent Document 4).
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 describe a method for obtaining N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine by mixing L-tert-leucine with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate. .
- the N-alkoxycarbonylation reaction proceeds under basic conditions, but the reaction proceeds and the amino group is protected, and as an acidic compound such as hydrochloric acid or carbonic acid is by-produced, the reaction is usually performed.
- the pH of the liquid tends to decrease. Therefore, in order to maintain the reactivity of the amino group, it is necessary to control the reaction pH by using a base together.
- Patent Document 3 As a method for producing N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine while performing pH control, for example, the method of Patent Document 3 is known. However, in the method of Patent Document 3, it is necessary to control the pH within a narrow range of 11 to 13, and it is said that the yield and quality are drastically lowered when the pH is deviated.
- Patent Document 5 when N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is extracted from the solution, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are used from the viewpoint of easiness of extraction operation and the like.
- the low polarity solvent represented is used.
- N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is hardly recovered near room temperature of 20-30 ° C. It was necessary to heat to 40 ° C. or higher.
- the thermal decomposition starting temperature of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is around 100 ° C. and is easily thermally decomposed.
- N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine has at least two crystal polymorphs.
- N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine the existence of a crystalline polymorph has not been known so far, and of course its control method is not known.
- Crystal polymorphs affect stability, morphology (appearance), solubility, hygroscopicity, and ease of incorporation of impurities, and are very important factors in handling and quality control when handling substances. .
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine As a result of intensive studies on these technical problems, the present inventors have found that in the production of N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine, the amount of N-alkoxycarbonylating agent used is closely related to impurity by-products. I found out. Furthermore, it has been surprisingly found that the effect of the use amount of this N-alkoxycarbonylating agent is exhibited when the pH range is maintained at 9 to 13 by adding a basic reagent. That is, by controlling the amount of N-alkoxycarbonylating agent used to the theoretical equivalent and controlling the pH in the range of 9 to 13 with a basic pH adjuster, high yield and high quality can be achieved with a simple operation. It has been found that N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine can be produced.
- the present invention uses a basic reagent to control the pH of a solution within a range of 9 to 13, and 0.90 mol or more and 1.00 mol or less N-alkoxy with respect to tert-leucine.
- the present invention relates to a process for producing N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine, which is characterized in that a carbonylating agent is allowed to act in the presence of water.
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine can control the crystal form by adjusting the amount of water during crystallization.
- N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine there are at least two types of N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine. It has been found that there are crystal polymorphs (crystal A, crystal B) and these crystal forms can be controlled.
- the present invention provides the following formula (1): ROH (1) (R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent) Basicity of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine in which at least one of the hydroxides represented by the formula is coexistent in an amount of 0.01 to 5 times the weight of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine
- ROH (1) R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- Basicity of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine in which at least one of the hydroxides represented by the formula is coexistent in an amount of 0.01 to 5 times the weight of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine
- a solution of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine characterized by adding an acid and a non-water miscible solvent to an aqueous solution and extracting N-alkoxycarbonyl-
- the present invention relates to 11.0 °, 12.6 °, 15.1 °, 16.3 °, 18.6 °, 19.4 °, 21.3 ° in powder X-ray (Cu—K ⁇ ) diffraction.
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine can be produced with high yield and high quality by a simple operation. Therefore, the method according to the present invention can be suitably used for industrial production. Further, according to the method of the present invention, N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine can be efficiently extracted from the solution under mild conditions. Thereby, even in production on an industrial scale, N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine can be efficiently obtained without thermal decomposition.
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine having a crystalline polymorph is produced stably in an industrial manner while controlling the desired crystal form. can do.
- L-tert-leucine a commercially available product may be used, but a product obtained by a known technique can also be used.
- known techniques such as a synthesis reaction reported in JP-A-10-72419 and a bioreaction reported in JP-T 9-504304 may be used.
- the usage form of tert-leucine is not particularly limited, and may be used as a crystal or a solution such as an aqueous solution.
- the optical purity of tert-leucine used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be an optically active form, a racemic form, or a mixture of L form and D form in any ratio. According to the method of the present invention, the optical purity of the obtained N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine is usually maintained.
- the reaction for N-alkoxycarbonylation of L-tert-leucine is not particularly limited as long as it is carried out in the presence of water. Only water, a mixed system of water and an organic solvent compatible with water, water and water are compatible. A two-phase system with an insoluble organic solvent can be preferably used.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene, chloroform, 1 Halogen solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dibutyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-acetate Ester solvents such as butyl and tert-butyl acetate, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol,
- these organic solvents and water may each be used independently, and these 2 or more types of solvents may be mixed and used by arbitrary ratios.
- the order of mixing is not particularly limited.
- L-tert-leucine which is an amino acid, has high solubility in water and water-miscible solvents, and therefore water and / or water can be used to obtain a suitable reactivity and fluidity of the reaction solution with a small amount of solvent. Miscible organic solvents are preferred.
- an alkoxycarbonylating agent having a high fat solubility such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
- a more preferable reactivity is obtained by using an organic solvent, particularly a water-miscible organic solvent, in combination with water rather than water alone. be able to.
- water-miscible organic solvent examples include, for example, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, and acetonitrile.
- acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and tert-butanol are preferable.
- the amount of solvent to be used is not particularly limited, and the reaction may be performed from a state where tert-leucine is completely dissolved, or may be performed from a state where it is not completely dissolved. In addition, it is not always necessary to use an amount of solvent that can completely dissolve the produced N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine. However, in order to obtain suitable reactivity and fluidity of the reaction solution, the amount of the solvent is preferably 1.0 to 50.0 times the weight of tert-leucine, It is more preferable that the weight is 2 times or more and 20.0 times or less, more preferably 2.0 times or more and 20.0 times or less, and particularly preferably 2.0 times or more and 15.0 times or less. is there.
- an inorganic salt may coexist in addition to the organic solvent.
- inorganic salts that can coexist include sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bromide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the like, but are not limited thereto, and whether or not coexistence is possible is simple. It can be easily judged by a simple experiment.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is generally selected within the range of the freezing point to the boiling point of the solution, preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. to 90 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., and further preferably 0 ° C. to 30 ° C. preferable.
- the boiling point of the solution generally depends on the pressure, but the pressure during the reaction can be selected from reduced pressure and increased pressure other than normal pressure. These can be easily set by a simple experiment.
- the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent used in the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of N-alkoxycarbonylating an amino group of an amino acid, but is preferably a chloroformic acid alkyl ester or a dialkyl dicarbonate, more preferably Is an alkyl ester of chloroformate having an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a dialkyl dicarbonate. In the present application, an aralkyl group is also included in the alkyl group. Specific examples of the compound include methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, benzyl chloroformate, di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, and dimethyl dicarbonate.
- the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent may be used as it is or as a solution in an organic solvent.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group of N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine reflects the structure of the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent used.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, and specifically includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, A cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, and a naphthyl group, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a benzyl group, and particularly preferable.
- the pH during the reaction is controlled in the range of 9-13.
- the pH is lower than 9, not only the reactivity of tert-leucine is significantly reduced and the reaction is not completed, but also the side reaction proceeds remarkably even if the amount of N-alkoxycarbonylating agent is limited. This is because the yield and quality of N-alkoxycarbonyl-tert-leucine are reduced.
- the reaction pH is kept at 9 or more, when the pH exceeds 13, the decomposition of the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent becomes remarkable and the reaction is not completed. From the viewpoint that a more stable product can be easily obtained, it is preferably 9 to 11.
- the pH should be controlled around 10 to 11, and even if it is out of the range, the quality and yield will be affected under the conditions of the present invention. As a result, stable production is possible.
- the method for adjusting and maintaining the pH within the above range is not particularly limited.
- the pH that decreases with the progress of the reaction may be adjusted to the above range each time using a basic reagent, or within the above pH range.
- the pH at the start of the reaction may be adjusted to a higher value within the above range, and then the pH may be managed according to the course of the reaction.
- the order of addition of these reagents, the addition rate, and the addition method such as continuous addition or intermittent addition are not particularly limited.
- an inorganic base or a tertiary amine is used, but an inorganic base is particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of versatility.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate
- alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate
- examples of usable compounds include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate from the viewpoint of basic strength.
- a tertiary amine triethylamine, triisopropylamine, pyridine and the like can be mentioned.
- bases may be used as they are or dissolved in water or an organic solvent.
- the added base in order for the added base to be quickly dispersed in the reaction solution, it may be used in a solution state.
- the solid basic agent is preferably dissolved in water or an organic solvent. Needless to say, it is also possible to use a liquid basic agent dissolved in water or an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent that dissolves the basic reagent may not react with the basic reagent, and may have poor reactivity with the tert-leucine or N-alkoxycarbonylating agent under basic conditions.
- the organic solvent that dissolves the basic reagent may not react with the basic reagent, and may have poor reactivity with the tert-leucine or N-alkoxycarbonylating agent under basic conditions.
- there are no particular restrictions on physical properties such as boiling point and melting point. Whether or not it can be used can be easily determined by a simple experiment.
- usable solvents include acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene.
- the concentration is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a high concentration from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate are readily soluble in water and can be used as a high-concentration aqueous solution. In this case, it is preferably used at a concentration of 30% by weight to 50% by weight. .
- the method of adding a basic agent to maintain the pH is not particularly limited. For example, while maintaining the pH within the range by adding a basic agent each time from the start of the addition of the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent.
- the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent and the basic agent may be added alternately, or the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent and the basic agent may be added simultaneously, waiting for completion of the reaction.
- N-alkoxycarbonylating agent used as another factor that requires control will be described below.
- the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent has a ratio of 0.90 times to 1.00 times moles, more preferably 0.95 times to 0.99 times moles of tert-leucine.
- the reaction is performed using If the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent is present in excess of tert-leucine, the side reaction proceeds even if the reaction pH is controlled within the above range of 9 to 13, and the N-alkoxy-tert-leucine is recovered. Rate and quality are likely to decrease. Further, excessive N-alkoxycarbonylating agents and decomposition products of N-alkoxycarbonylating agents are likely to be mixed as impurities.
- the addition rate of the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent is not particularly limited as long as the pH can be controlled. From the viewpoint of production efficiency, it is preferably within 50 hours, more preferably within 1 hour to 20 hours. .
- the stirring speed during the reaction may be such that the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent and the basic reagent are not locally excessive.
- the stirring time after the addition of the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent is not particularly limited as long as a sufficient time is set for completion of the reaction, but is preferably within 50 hours and more preferably from the viewpoint of production efficiency. Is between 1 hour and 20 hours.
- reaction solution containing N-alkoxy-tert-leucine thus obtained is subjected to an extraction operation with an organic solvent under an appropriate pH, if necessary, so that the inorganic salt or tert. -Leucine and water-soluble organic compounds can be removed.
- N-alkoxy-tert-leucine can be isolated as a high-purity crystal by subjecting the obtained reaction solution or extract to a known crystallization operation.
- Examples of the operation for isolation as this crystal include a method of extracting the produced N-alkoxy-tert-leucine into an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent under acidic conditions and then concentrating and cooling crystallization. Is mentioned.
- a basic aqueous solution of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is a solution in which N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine, a carboxylic acid, dissolves by forming a salt with a base under basic conditions. is there.
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine those obtained by the above-mentioned method are preferably used, but are not limited thereto.
- the fifth edition Experimental Chemistry Course Vol. 16, p. 224 (manufactured by Maruzen) may be obtained by a general technique for alkoxycarbonylation of amino acids.
- the pH during the reaction is preferably on the alkali side, and the lower limit is 7 or more, preferably 7.5 or more, and more preferably 8.0 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but on the strong alkali side, side reactions such as racemization and decomposition of impurities are likely to occur, preferably 13.0 or less, more preferably 12.0 or less, and particularly preferably 11.0 or less. preferable.
- the reaction pH may be outside the above range as long as it does not affect the reaction, for example, for a very short time.
- the amount ratio of the N-alkoxycarbonylating agent in a general N-alkoxycarbonylation reaction is not particularly limited. However, when the amount of N-alkoxycarbonylating agent is small relative to L-tert-leucine, it goes without saying that the yield decreases. When the amount is large, excessive N-alkoxycarbonylating agent and impurities in the compound are added as a by-product. It is not preferable because it induces a reaction and leads to an increase in impurities after the reaction. In order to maximize the production efficiency, the amount of N-alkoxycarbonylating agent used for L-tert-leucine is 0.9 times to 3 times mole, and 0.95 times to 2 times mole. More preferably, it is 0.95 times mol or more and 1.5 times mol or less.
- the reaction mixture thus obtained is as basic as the above reaction pH, and the carboxylic acid N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is dissolved as a salt with the base used, but in an aqueous solvent.
- the salt of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine may be liberated due to the salting-out effect and the layers may be separated.
- the entire reaction mixture can be used regardless of the presence or absence of a layer separation, but only a solution layer containing a layered N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine can be preferably used. .
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine obtained as a separately purified product was dissolved in water or a mixture of water and the water-miscible solvent as a salt with the base, or once extracted.
- a basic aqueous solution obtained by subsequent dissolution can also be suitably used.
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, regardless of whether it is linear, branched, cyclic or non-cyclic, but is methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i -Butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, n-hexyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
- the substituent include a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an ether group.
- R is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, and t- A butyl group, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or an i-propyl group.
- the hydroxide (1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of hydroxide (1) (the total amount when two or more are used) is 0.01 to 5 times the weight of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine, preferably 0.1 to It is 4 times the weight, more preferably 0.3 to 3 times the weight, and most preferably 0.4 to 2 times the weight.
- hydroxide (1) including this reaction solvent falls within this numerical range. Like that.
- the hydroxide (1) can fulfill its purpose with a small amount, but when used in a large amount, it works in the direction of increasing the amount of water in the extract, so that the crystal B is obtained by crystallization as described later. It can be said that this is a suitable means.
- Non-water miscible solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane, and octane, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene, chloroform, Halogen solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, ether solvents such as diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dibutyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, etc.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane, and octane
- Ester solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone, and alcohol solvents such as butanol.
- pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and methyl isobutyl ketone are preferable from the viewpoint of versatility.
- the amount of the non-water miscible solvent is 0.1 to 30 times, preferably 0.5 to 20 times, more preferably 1 to 10 times the weight of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine. .
- these may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- Acids used for acidification are not limited to organic acids and mineral acids.
- organic acids include trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- Mineral acids include hydrochloric acid, Examples include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid. From the viewpoint of versatility and economy, mineral acids are preferable, and hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are particularly preferable.
- the temperature at the time of extraction is not preferably high temperature conditions, and can be suitably carried out at ⁇ 20 to 50 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 to 40 ° C., more preferably 0 to 35 ° C.
- the extraction operation is not particularly limited, and after acidifying the basic aqueous solution, extraction may be performed by adding the non-water-miscible solvent and hydroxide (1), or the non-water-miscible solvent and hydroxylation. You may acidify after adding a thing (1).
- the hydroxide (1) may be used in advance from the reaction stage, and when the reaction solvent is water alone, the reaction may proceed smoothly by use from the reaction stage.
- a solution containing a non-water-miscible solvent obtained by the extraction operation may be subjected to crystallization as it is, but if necessary, it is washed with water to dissolve water-soluble impurities. It is also possible to remove impurities by making the solution basic and transferring the target product again into the aqueous layer.
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is isolated as a crystal by subjecting the extract to generally known crystallization, that is, cooling crystallization, concentrated crystallization, and poor solvent addition crystallization. At this time, the crystal form can be controlled by adjusting the amount of water in the extract.
- crystal A and crystal B there are at least two types of crystal polymorphs (crystal A and crystal B), and these crystal forms can be obtained by adjusting the amount of water in the extract. It can be controlled.
- the “extract” may be a solution obtained by the above-described extraction operation, or prepared by dissolving crystals obtained in advance in a predetermined solvent. It may be.
- the type of crystal form used at this time is not limited.
- the method for adjusting the amount of water in the extract is not particularly limited, but can be adjusted by a simple operation such as concentration or addition.
- the concentration method is not particularly limited and can be suitably carried out under a pressure as required.
- the temperature is not particularly limited as long as N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine does not decompose, and is, for example, ⁇ 20 to 90 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 to 70 ° C., more preferably 0 to 60 ° C. It is.
- the amount of water is adjusted to less than 0.1 w / w% or more than 0.1 w / w% with respect to N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine.
- N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine if it is less than 0.1 w / w%, crystal A is easily obtained, and if it is 0.1 w / w% or more, crystal B is easily obtained.
- Crystal A of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine has diffraction angles (2 ⁇ ⁇ 0.1) of 11.0 °, 12.6 °, 15.1 ° in powder X-ray (Cu-K ⁇ ) diffraction. , 16.3 °, 18.6 °, 19.4 °, 21.3 °, and 22.2 °.
- the dried form of this crystal (Crystal A) is stable at normal temperature and pressure, and the other crystalline form (Crystal B) can be stored for a long time under general considerations such as avoiding direct sunlight and high temperature and humidity. ) Will not change.
- it has an advantage that it is difficult to dissolve in an organic solvent and can be easily recovered by crystallization compared to the crystal B.
- the amount of water to obtain crystals A is less than 0.1 w / w%, preferably 0.05 w / w% or less with respect to N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine, More preferably, it is 0.02 w / w% or less.
- Crystal B of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine has diffraction angles (2 ⁇ ⁇ 0.1) of 8.6 °, 14.4 °, 15.9 ° in powder X-ray (Cu-K ⁇ ) diffraction. , 17.3 °, 19.0 °, 21.9 °, and 22.3 °.
- the dried form of this crystal (Crystal B) is stable at normal temperature and pressure, and under general considerations such as avoiding direct sunlight and high temperature and humidity, the other crystalline form (Crystal A) ) Will not change. Since crystal B is easier to dissolve in an organic solvent than crystal A, there is an advantage in terms of handling such as high concentration when used as a solution.
- the amount of water for obtaining crystals B is 0.1 w / w% or more, preferably 0.5 w / w% or more, more preferably N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine. Is 1.0 w / w% or more.
- Crystallization of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine from the above solution forms a supersaturated state of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine by general methods such as cooling, reconcentration and addition of a poor solvent. Can be performed.
- the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 ° C. per hour, and more preferably 5 to 30 ° C. from the viewpoint of work efficiency.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited as long as the solubility of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is sufficiently low, but pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane. Etc. are preferably used.
- the crystallization is concentrated and then concentrated to a higher concentration, and the poor solvent is further cooled.
- the method of adding can also be used, and the method of combining these arbitrarily may be used.
- the concentration of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine in the crystallization may be appropriately adjusted according to the selected solvent used and the crystallization method, and is not particularly limited. Therefore, the concentration of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine may be 1 to 85 wt%, preferably 5 to 80 wt%, more preferably 10 to 70 wt%.
- each crystal can be obtained regardless of the crystallization method.
- cooling and a poor solvent crystallization method are combined.
- this is a neutralization crystallization method described below.
- the neutralized crystallization method is a method in which N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine, which is usually dissolved as a salt with a base in water, is crystallized by neutralization with an acid.
- This method makes it possible to construct a very simple process, for example, to obtain crystals by neutralization from a reaction mixture obtained in water, and includes an economical and industrially advantageous method for obtaining crystals. . Needless to say, in this case, since the amount of water during crystallization is large, crystal B can be obtained.
- the solution of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine may be a reaction mixture or may be once extracted from the reaction mixture and then transferred to the aqueous layer under basic conditions. Alternatively, a crystal obtained in advance may be prepared by forming a salt with a base and dissolving it in water. The type of crystal form used at this time is not limited.
- the base involved in the neutralization crystallization is often the same as that used during the reaction, and there is no particular limitation on the base.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- hydroxide Alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium and calcium hydroxide
- alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate
- alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate
- organic bases such as pyridine and triethylamine Listed as usable bases.
- inorganic bases are preferred because of their low cost and ease of handling, and alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, and alkali metal bicarbonates are more preferred.
- the acid used for neutralization is not particularly limited, and a general-purpose acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid may be added to acidify the solution.
- the slurry obtained by crystallization of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine as described above can be subjected to a general solid-liquid separation method such as centrifugation, pressure filtration, and vacuum filtration to isolate crystals. .
- the obtained crystal can be further obtained as a dried crystal by, for example, drying under reduced pressure (vacuum drying) as necessary.
- the two crystal forms in the present invention are not limited to pure forms, but may be partially contained in each other.
- an auxiliary component is 30% or less, preferably 20% or less, and more preferably 10% or less.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group is an N-protecting group
- L-tert-leucine as a raw material can be obtained by subjecting it to an appropriate deprotection reaction. By making full use of this protection-deprotection reaction, higher purity L-tert-leucine can be obtained.
- the tert-butoxycarbonyl group is subjected to an acidic condition, the methoxycarbonyl group or the like is subjected to an alkaline condition, or the benzyloxycarbonyl group is subjected to a hydrogenation reaction.
- a reaction is mentioned.
- an extract of N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine can be used, but isolated crystals can be used regardless of crystal form.
- the solvent used is preferably an organic solvent in which N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine is dissolved, and is basically the same as the solvent used in the above extraction.
- the acid used in the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it is an acid having sufficient acid strength, regardless of whether it is an organic acid or a mineral acid.
- the organic acid include trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid
- the mineral acid include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid. From the viewpoint of versatility and economy, mineral acids are preferable, and hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are particularly preferable.
- an acid may be added to the N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine solution, or an N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine solution may be added to the acid.
- the addition rate is not particularly limited.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as the solvent and the acid to be used do not boil, but it is usually 0 to 90 ° C, preferably 10 to 80 ° C, particularly preferably 15 to 70 ° C.
- L-tert-leucine forms a salt with an acid and usually precipitates as a solid in an organic solvent, particularly in a non-water-miscible solvent, and dissolves in water and / or a water-miscible solvent.
- the desired compound can be obtained by separating the precipitated solid as it is in the former case.
- L-tert-leucine can be obtained as a salt with an acid by adjusting the ratio and temperature of the water-miscible solvent.
- the reaction mixture may be neutralized by adding a base.
- the base is not particularly limited as long as it does not involve a side reaction, and examples thereof include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and alkaline earth metals such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- alkaline earth metals such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
- usable bases include hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate, and organic bases such as pyridine and triethylamine.
- Crystals can be obtained from a salt with an acid or a slurry obtained by neutralization by using a general solid-liquid separation method such as centrifugation, pressure filtration, or vacuum filtration.
- the obtained crystal can be further obtained as a dried crystal by, for example, drying under reduced pressure (vacuum drying) as necessary.
- N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine in the solution was quantified by HPLC analysis under the following conditions.
- HPLC conditions Column: Waters Symmetry C18 (3.5 [mu] m, 150 mm X 4.6 mm id) Column temperature: 35 ° C Detector: UV detector (wavelength 210 nm)
- Mobile phase A 0.1 wt% aqueous phosphoric acid solution was used as solution A and acetonitrile as solution B, and the time program shown in Table 1 below was adopted. Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min.
- CAPCELLPAKSCX 250 mm X 4.6 mm id
- Yield (%) (total amount of produced N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine) ⁇ 100 / (total amount of L-tert-leucine used).
- reaction selectivity is the ratio of the obtained N-alkoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine to L-tert-leucine consumed in the reaction.
- Reaction selectivity (%) (yield) ⁇ 100 / ((total amount of L-tert-leucine used) ⁇ (remaining L-tert-leucine amount)).
- Example 1 To an aqueous solution (72.4 g) containing L-tert-leucine (13.2 g, 0.10 mol), a 15% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to adjust the pH to 13.0, and the temperature was controlled at 25 ° C. or lower. Methyl chloroformate (9.52 g, 0.10 mol, 1.00 equiv) was added slowly. At this time, the pH decreased as methyl chloroformate was added, but the pH of the solution was maintained at 10.0-12.8 by adding a 15% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in parallel. After completion of the addition of methyl chloroformate, the mixture was stirred for 2 hours, and then analyzed for yield and quality using HPLC.
- Example 2 An aqueous solution (303.37 g) containing L-tert-leucine (30.03 g, 0.23 mol) was cooled to 10 ° C., and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 9.0-9. While controlling at 5, methyl chloroformate (21.63 g, 0.23 mol, 1.00 equiv) was added slowly. After completion of the addition, the mixture was subsequently stirred at 10 ° C. for 12 hours, and then the yield and the amount of impurities by-products were analyzed using HPLC. Yield: 97%, reaction selectivity: 99% (Examples 3 to 6) The same operation as in Example 2 was conducted except that the pH was controlled to 9.5-10.0, 10.0-10.5, 10.5-11.0, 9.0-13.0.
- Example 7 The same procedure as in Example 6 was performed except that the aqueous solution containing L-tert-leucine was cooled to 20 ° C. Yield: 97%, reaction selectivity: 99% (Example 8) The same procedure as in Example 6 was performed except that D-tert-leucine was used instead of L-tert-leucine. Analysis of D-tert-leucine was performed in the same manner as L-tert-leucine. Yield: 97%, reaction selectivity: 99%
- Example 9 The same procedure as in Example 6 was performed, except that racemic tert-leucine was used instead of L-tert-leucine.
- Racemic tert-leucine was analyzed in the same manner as L-tert-leucine. Yield: 97%, reaction selectivity: 98% (Comparative Example 1)
- L-tert-leucine (85.0 g, 0.65 mol) was dissolved in a 15% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (191.7 g), and further maintained at 5 to 15 ° C. while maintaining methyl chloroformate (68.9 g, 0.73 mol). , 1.13 equivalents) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture over 1 hour. At that time, 15% by mass sodium hydroxide was appropriately added, and the reaction was carried out while maintaining the pH of the reaction solution at 9.0 to 9.5.
- Example 13 The same procedure as in Example 12 was performed except that the aqueous solution containing L-tert-leucine was cooled to 20 ° C. Yield: 97%, reaction selectivity: 98% (Example 14) The same procedure as in Example 12 was performed except that D-tert-leucine was used instead of L-tert-leucine. Yield: 97%, reaction selectivity: 98% (Example 15) The same procedure as in Example 12 was performed, except that racemic tert-leucine was used instead of L-tert-leucine.
- Example 18 The same procedure as in Example 17 was performed except that D-tert-leucine was used instead of L-tert-leucine. Yield: 97%, reaction selectivity: 97%
- Example 19 The same procedure as in Example 17 was performed except that racemic tert-leucine was used instead of L-tert-leucine. Yield: 96%, reaction selectivity: 98% (Comparative Example 8) Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate was used in place of methyl chloroformate and the temperature was maintained at 20 to 30 ° C.
- the extract was washed twice with 300 g of water, and then concentrated to a liquid volume of about 300 g.
- the operation of adding 200 g of toluene and concentrating only the added amount was repeated twice, and finally the liquid amount was adjusted to 270 g.
- the water content was 0.01 w / w% with respect to N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine.
- the obtained crystal was confirmed to be crystal A by powder X-ray (Cu-K ⁇ ) diffraction measurement.
- Example 22 2.15 g of crystals A of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine are dissolved in a solvent consisting of 12 g of methylcyclohexane, 0.46 g of tert-butanol, and 0.44 g of water until the liquid volume becomes 3.4 g. Concentrated. Methylcyclohexane (21 g) was added, and the mixture was concentrated to a liquid volume of 2.8 g. 21 g of methylcyclohexane was added thereto to obtain a slurry. The water concentration at this time was 0.14% by weight and was 1.5 w / w% with respect to the crystal A. The crystals were separated and dried to obtain 1.83 g of crystals (yield 80%).
- the obtained crystal was confirmed to be crystal B by powder X-ray (Cu-K ⁇ ) diffraction measurement.
- Example 23 To 1.44 g of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine crystal A, 0.03 g of tert-butanol, 0.03 g of water and 2 g of toluene were added and dissolved at 50 ° C., and 6 g of n-hexane was added. (The water content with respect to the compound (1) is 2.1 w / w%). 1 mg of crystal B was added to promote crystallization, and after cooling to room temperature, the crystal was separated to obtain 1.00 g of crystal (yield 69%).
- the obtained crystal was confirmed to be crystal B by powder X-ray (Cu-K ⁇ ) diffraction measurement.
- Example 24 2.5 g of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-tert-leucine crystals A were suspended in 15.4 g of water and dissolved by adding 1.8 g of 30% by weight sodium hydroxide. Under ice-cooling, 1.4 g of 35% by weight hydrochloric acid was added to crystallize during the addition (the amount of water relative to compound (1) was 703 w / w%). After stirring for 1 hour, the crystals were separated and dried to obtain 2.30 g of crystals (yield 92%). This crystal was confirmed to be crystal B by powder X-ray (Cu-K ⁇ ) diffraction measurement (FIG. 2).
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Abstract
Description
1)過剰のN-アルコキシカルボニル化剤を用いて、pH11~13を維持しながらN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンを製造する方法。(特許文献3)。
2)事前に過剰量の水酸化ナトリウムを添加しておいたtert-ロイシンの強塩基性水溶液に、1.00当量のN-アルコキシカルボニル化剤を加える事で、N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンを製造する方法。(特許文献4)。
ROH (1)
で表される水酸化物(以下、水酸化物(1)とする場合がある)を共存させることにより、N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの抽出効率が飛躍的に向上し、その結果、穏和な条件で効率良くN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンを回収できることを見出した。
ROH (1)
(Rは置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す)
で表される水酸化物のうちの少なくとも一種を、N-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンに対して0.01~5倍重量共存させたN-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの塩基性水溶液に、酸および非水混和性溶媒を加えて、N-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンを非水混和性溶媒で抽出することを特徴とする、N-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの製造法に関する。
ROH (1)
で表される水酸化物を共存させることで、加熱することなく、穏和な条件での抽出が可能となる。
脱保護反応には、N-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの抽出液を用いることも出来るが、単離した結晶についても、結晶形を問わずに用いることができる。
HPLC条件
カラム:Waters Symmetry C18(3.5μm、150mm X 4.6mm i.d.)
カラム温度:35℃
検出器:UV検出器(波長210nm)
移動相:0.1重量%リン酸水溶液をA液、アセトニトリルをB液として、下記表1に示すタイムプログラムを採用した。
流速:1.0mL/min.
収率(%)=(生成したN-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシン全量)×100/(使用L-tert-ロイシン全量)。
反応選択率(%)=(収率)×100/((使用L-tert-ロイシン全量)-(残存L-tert-ロイシン量))。
L-tert-ロイシン(13.2g、0.10mol)を含む水溶液(72.4g)に、15重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えてpH13.0に調整後、25℃以下に制御しつつ、クロロギ酸メチル(9.52g、0.10mol、1.00当量)をゆっくりと加えた。この時、クロロギ酸メチルを添加するに従いpHが低下したが、15重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を並行して添加することにより、溶液のpHを10.0-12.8で維持した。クロロギ酸メチルの添加終了後、2時間撹拌した後、HPLCを用いて、収率と品質を分析した。
収率:98%、反応選択率:100%
(実施例2)
L-tert-ロイシン(30.03g、0.23mol)を含む水溶液(303.37g)を10℃に冷却し、30重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて溶液のpHを9.0-9.5に制御しつつ、クロロギ酸メチル(21.63g、0.23mol、1.00当量)をゆっくりと加えた。添加終了後、引き続き10℃で12時間撹拌した後、HPLCを用いて、収率と不純物の副生量を分析した。
収率:97%、反応選択率:99%
(実施例3~6)
pHを9.5-10.0、10.0-10.5、10.5-11.0、9.0-13.0に制御した以外は、実施例2と同様に行った。
L-tert-ロイシンを含む水溶液を20℃に冷却した以外は、実施例6と同様に行った。
収率:97%、反応選択率:99%
(実施例8)
L-tert-ロイシンの代わりにD-tert-ロイシンを用いた以外は、実施例6と同様に行った。
D-tert-ロイシンの分析は、L-tert-ロイシンと同様に実施した。
収率:97%、反応選択率:99%
(実施例9)
L-tert-ロイシンの代わりにラセミ体のtert-ロイシンを用いた以外は、実施例6と同様に行った。
収率:97%、反応選択率:98%
(比較例1)
L-tert-ロイシン(85.0g、0.65mol)を15質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(191.7g)に溶解し、さらに5~15℃に保ちながらクロロギ酸メチル(68.9g、0.73mol、1.13当量)を1時間かけて反応液に滴下した。その際、15質量%水酸化ナトリウムを適宜添加し、反応液のpHを9.0~9.5に保ちながら反応を行った。クロロギ酸メチル滴下終了後、20℃でさらに1時間撹拌した。
収率:90%、反応選択率:90%
(比較例2)
pHを10.0-10.5として反応した以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
収率:93%、反応選択率:93%
(比較例3)
pHを13.5-14.0として反応した以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
収率:82%、反応選択率:97%
(比較例4)
L-tert-ロイシン(2.18g、0.017mol)と、水酸化ナトリウム(2.35g、0.059mol)を含む水溶液29.3gにジオキサン9.1mlを加えた後、室温でクロロギ酸メチル(1.57g、0.017mol、1.00当量)をゆっくりと添加した。添加終了後、60℃に昇温し、14時間攪拌した。得られた溶液をHPLCにて分析したところ、N-メトキシカルボニルーtert-ロイシンの生成量はわずか1.0gであった。なお、得られた溶液のpHは、30℃でpH13.9を示していた。また、反応開始時のpHも14を超えていた。
収率:33%、反応選択率:63%
(実施例10)
L-tert-ロイシン(10.36g、0.079mol)を含む水溶液(101.06g)を5℃に冷却し、48重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて溶液のpHを9.0-9.5に制御しつつ、クロロギ酸ベンジル(13.49g、0.079mol、1.00当量)をゆっくりと加えた。添加終了後、引き続き20℃で14時間撹拌した後、HPLCを用いて、収率と不純物の副生量を分析した。
収率:96%、反応選択率:97%
(実施例11、12)
反応時のpHを10.0-10.5、9.0-13.0に制御した以外は、実施例10と同様に行った。
L-tert-ロイシンを含む水溶液を20℃に冷却した以外は、実施例12と同様に行った。
収率:97%、反応選択率:98%
(実施例14)
L-tert-ロイシンの代わりにD-tert-ロイシンを用いた以外は、実施例12と同様に行った。
収率:97%、反応選択率:98%
(実施例15)
L-tert-ロイシンの代わりにラセミ体のtert-ロイシンを用いた以外は、実施例12と同様に行った。
収率:97%、反応選択率:99%
(比較例5)
クロロギ酸メチルの代わりにクロロギ酸ベンジルを用いた以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
収率:90%、反応選択率:90%
(比較例6)
反応時のpHを10.0-10.5で保持した以外は、比較例5と同様に行った。
収率:94%、反応選択率:94%
(比較例7)
反応時のpHを14.0以上で保持した以外は、実施例10と同様に行った。
収率:86%、反応選択率:95%
(実施例16)
クロロギ酸メチルの代わりにクロロギ酸エチルを用いた以外は、実施例6と同様に行った。
収率:97%、反応選択率:98%
(実施例17)
L-tert-ロイシン(20.5g、0.16mol)を含む水溶液(250.5g)を7℃に冷却し、これに48%重量%の水酸化ナトリウムを16.5g添加した後、pHを9.4-10.8に保持しつつ、ジーtert-ブチル-ジカーボネート(34.92g、0.16mol、1.00当量)をゆっくりと加えた。添加終了後、引き続き20℃以下で14時間撹拌した後、HPLCを用いて、収率と不純物副生量を分析した。
収率:96%、反応選択率:98%
(実施例18)
L-tert-ロイシンの代わりにD-tert-ロイシンを用いた以外は、実施例17と同様に行った。
収率:97%、反応選択率:97%
(実施例19)
L-tert-ロイシンの代わりにラセミ体のtert-ロイシンを用いた以外は、実施例17と同様に行った。
収率:96%、反応選択率:98%
(比較例8)
クロロギ酸メチルの代わりにジーtert-ブチル-ジカーボネートを用い、20℃から30℃を保った以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
収率:89%、反応選択率:89%
(比較例9)
反応時のpHを10.0-10.5で保持した以外は、比較例8と同様に行った。
収率:92%、反応選択率:92%
(実施例20)
100gのL-tert-ロイシン(762mmol)を含む水溶液1150gを、撹拌下、30重量%の水酸化ナトリウムを用いてpH9に調整した。その後、イソプロパノール160gを添加した。そこへ、25℃下、ジ-tert-ブチルジカーボネート174.7g(800mmol)を、30重量%水酸化ナトリウムにてpHを8.5~9.5に維持しつつ加えた。約3時間撹拌した後、取得した反応混合物を分析したところ、N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンが175g生成していた(収率99%)。
(実施例21)
結晶B6.17gを、トルエン12.33g、tert-ブタノール0.02gに、50℃下で溶解させ、n-ヘキサン25gを添加して結晶化させた。水分量は、結晶Bに対して0.005w/w%であった。室温まで冷却して、結晶を分離、乾燥し、結晶4.94gを得た(収率90%)。
N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの結晶A2.15gを、メチルシクロヘキサン12g、tert-ブタノール0.46g、水0.44gからなる溶媒に溶解させ、液量が3.4gとなるまで濃縮した。メチルシクロヘキサン21gを加え、液量2.8gとなるまで濃縮した。ここにメチルシクロヘキサン21gを加えてスラリーを得た。このときの水分濃度は0.14重量%であり、結晶Aに対して1.5w/w%であった。結晶を分離、乾燥し、結晶1.83gを得た(収率80%)。
N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの結晶A1.44gに、tert-ブタノール0.03g、水0.03g、トルエン2gを加えて50℃下に溶解させ、n-ヘキサン6gを添加した(化合物(1)に対する水分量は2.1w/w%)。結晶Bを1mg加えて結晶化を促進し、室温まで冷却した後、結晶を分離し、結晶1.00gを得た(収率69%)。
N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの結晶A2.5gを、水15.4gに懸濁させ、30重量%の水酸化ナトリウム1.8gを添加して溶解させた。氷冷下、35重量%塩酸を1.4g添加すると添加中に結晶化した(化合物(1)に対する水分量は703w/w%)。1時間撹拌した後、結晶を分離、乾燥し、2.30gの結晶を得た(収率92%)。この結晶を粉末エックス線(Cu-Kα)回折測定することにより、結晶Bであることを確認した(図2)。
(実施例25)
トルエン/n-ヘキサン=1/5(w/w)の溶媒に、N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの結晶A、Bをそれぞれ懸濁させ、4時間保持後、スラリーをろ過し、母液濃度を比較した。結晶Aの場合、その母液濃度は0.4重量%であり、結晶Bの場合は、0.8重量%であった。結晶Bを懸濁させたスラリーについて、72時間後の母液濃度を測定した結果、0.4重量%であり、72時間後に取得した結晶は、その粉末エックス線(Cu-Kα)回折の測定の結果、結晶Aであった。
N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの結晶A100g(432mmol)をトルエン400gに溶解し、室温下で35%塩酸54g(519mmol)を添加した。60℃の湯浴で3時間撹拌後、有機層を廃棄し、水層を得た。メタノール80gとトリエチルアミン52.6g(520mmol)からなる溶液を60℃の湯浴に保持し、ここへ上記の水層をゆっくり加え、スラリーとした。その後氷浴中で冷却し、1時間保持した後に結晶を分離、乾燥し、L-tert-ロイシンの結晶52gを得た(収率92%)。
Claims (14)
- 塩基性試剤を用いて溶液のpHを9~13の範囲内に制御しつつ、tert-ロイシンに対して、0.90倍モル以上1.00倍モル以下のN-アルコキシカルボニル化剤を水存在下で作用させることを特徴とする、N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法。
- tert-ロイシンとN-アルコキシカルボニル化剤を作用させる時のpHが9以上11以下である事を特徴とする、請求項1記載のN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法。
- N-アルコキシカルボニル化剤が、クロロギ酸アルキルエステル又はジアルキルジカーボネートである事を特徴とする、請求項1または2記載のN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法。
- N-アルコキシカルボニル化剤が、アルキル基の炭素数が1~10であるクロロギ酸アルキルエステル又はジアルキルジカーボネートである事を特徴とする、請求項3記載のN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法。
- N-アルコキシカルボニル化剤が、クロロギ酸メチル、クロロギ酸エチル、クロロギ酸ベンジル、ジ-tert-ブチル-ジカーボネートのいずれかである事を特徴とする、請求項4記載のN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法。
- 反応液のpHを調整するに際して用いる塩基性試剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウムのいずれかである事を特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法。
- 塩基性試剤が30重量%以上50重量%以下の水溶液として用いられることを特徴とする、請求項6記載のN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの製造法。
- tert-ロイシンとN-アルコキシカルボニル化剤とを反応させて得られたN-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの塩基性水溶液に対して、下記式(2):
ROH (2)
(Rは置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す)で表される水酸化物のうちの少なくとも一種を0.01~5倍重量共存させた後、酸および非水混和性溶媒を加えて、N-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンを非水混和性溶媒で抽出することを特徴とする、N-アルコキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンの製造法。 - N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンがN-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-L-tert-ロイシンである、請求項8に記載の製造法。
- 非水混和性溶媒が、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、トルエン、酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル、メチルイソブチルケトンのうち少なくとも1種である請求項8または9に記載の製造法。
- 抽出液中の水の量を、N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンに対して0.1w/w%未満にした後に晶析に付すことを特徴とする、請求項8~10のいずれかに記載の製造法。
- 抽出液中の水の量を、N-アルコキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンに対して0.1w/w%以上にした後に晶析に付すことを特徴とする、請求項8~10のいずれかに記載の製造法。
- 粉末エックス線(Cu-Kα)回折において、11.0°、12.6°、15.1°、16.3°、18.6°、19.4°、21.3°、及び22.2°の回折角(2θ±0.1)にピークを有する、N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの結晶。
- 粉末エックス線(Cu-Kα)回折において、8.6°、14.4°、15.9°、17.3°、19.0°、21.9°、及び22.3°の回折角(2θ±0.1)にピークを有する、N-tert-ブトキシカルボニル-tert-ロイシンの結晶。
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