WO2007013189A1 - シリコンウェーハおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
シリコンウェーハおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007013189A1 WO2007013189A1 PCT/JP2005/020548 JP2005020548W WO2007013189A1 WO 2007013189 A1 WO2007013189 A1 WO 2007013189A1 JP 2005020548 W JP2005020548 W JP 2005020548W WO 2007013189 A1 WO2007013189 A1 WO 2007013189A1
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- heat treatment
- hydrogen
- temperature
- wafer
- silicon
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 98
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 57
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 23
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241000652704 Balta Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical class [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004854 X-ray topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicon monohydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/322—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/322—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections
- H01L21/3221—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections of silicon bodies, e.g. for gettering
- H01L21/3225—Thermally inducing defects using oxygen present in the silicon body for intrinsic gettering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B33/02—Heat treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/324—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon wafer and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a method for producing silicon wafer 8 obtained by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot produced by the Chiyoklarsky method.
- the present invention relates to a technique suitable for use in improving the strength of a wafer by suppressing slip dislocation.
- Single crystal silicon wafers used as substrates for semiconductor devices and the like are manufactured by slicing a silicon single crystal ingot and performing heat treatment, mirror finishing, or the like.
- An example of a method for producing a silicon single crystal ingot is the Chiyoklarsky method (CZ method).
- the CZ method is widely used in the production of silicon single crystal ingots because it is easy to obtain large-diameter single crystal ingots and the control of defects is relatively easy.
- silicon wafers used for hydrogen annealing and argon annealing are subjected to donor killer treatment before high-temperature annealing treatment in order to suppress resistivity fluctuations.
- Thermal donors are factors that promote the formation of oxygen precipitates in addition to factors that change resistivity.
- a silicon single crystal pulled by the CZ method takes oxygen into the supersaturation between lattices.
- Supersaturated oxygen causes micro defects called BMD (Bulk Micro Defect) in annealing treatment such as wafer processing.
- BMD Bit Micro Defect
- annealing treatment such as wafer processing.
- the device formation region has no crystal defects. If there is a crystal defect on the surface where the circuit is formed, it will cause circuit breakdown from the defective part.
- BMD has an action of gettering metal impurities that cause crystal defects. Therefore, in the DZ-IG method, annealing of silicon wafers induces BMD inside the silicon wafer to form an IG (Intrinsic Gettering) layer. Impurities are gettered by the IG layer to form a DZ (denuded zone) layer with very few crystal defects on the surface of the silicon wafer.
- IG Intrinsic Gettering
- the DZ layer is indispensable for device formation.
- a silicon wafer having a DZ (Denuded Zone) layer is annealed, dislocation defects (Slip) are generated and extended in the DZ layer, and the strength of the silicon wafer decreases.
- slip dislocations may extend from the supported portion around the back surface of the wafer.
- the strength of the silicon wafer is reduced, the wafer is likely to be damaged or destroyed in the subsequent process. Accordingly, there has been a demand for a silicon alloy having a DZ layer and excellent strength characteristics.
- a technique for removing the wafer surface layer has been known. However, the manufacturing cost is increased by increasing the number of processes and increasing the thickness of slices. The increase of was inevitable.
- JP-A-11 1393 discloses a defect-free silicon wafer having no OSF, COP, and LD. On the other hand, when manufacturing semiconductor devices, silicon wafers that do not have OSF, COP and LD and have gettering capability may be required.
- defect-free silicon wafers that do not have the above-mentioned SF, COP, and LD do not necessarily cause oxygen precipitation in the wafer during heat treatment in the device manufacturing process. For this reason, the possibility of slip extension during the heat treatment in the DZ-IG method, resulting in a decrease in woofer strength, could not be excluded.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is performed by the DZ-IG method or the like.
- the present invention provides a silicon wafer in which a decrease in woofer strength is prevented by suppressing slip extension during a high-temperature heat treatment at a temperature higher than 0 ° C., and a method for producing the same.
- the thermal donor is a factor that fluctuates the resistivity and a factor that promotes the formation of oxygen precipitates. Therefore, the thermal donor is driven by high temperature annealing (ArZH annealing).
- the method for producing a silicon wafer of the present invention includes a step of growing a silicon single crystal by a CZ method in an inert atmosphere containing a gas containing a hydrogen atom.
- a high-temperature heat treatment step in which the wafer is heat-treated at 1000 ° C or higher and 1300 ° C or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere;
- the method for producing a silicon wafer according to the present invention includes a step of growing a silicon single crystal by a CZ method in an inert atmosphere containing a gas containing a hydrogen atom.
- the treatment temperature range in the low-temperature heat treatment step is more preferably 400 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less, and the heating rate is more preferably 0.2 ° C./min or more and 2.0 ° C./min or less.
- a rubbing heat treatment can be used for the heat treatment step.
- the low-temperature heat treatment step means for setting the oxygen concentration difference before and after the high-temperature heat treatment step to 1.5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or more (ASTM-F121 1979) can also be used.
- the hydrogen concentration in the inert atmosphere in the single crystal growth may be set in the range of 0.1% to 20% with respect to the furnace pressure of 1.3 to 13.3 kPa (10 to 100 torr). .
- the oxygen precipitate density after the high-temperature heat treatment is 1.0 ⁇ 10 1Q / cm 3. It is desirable to set it above.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention can be produced by any one of the production methods described above.
- the method for producing a silicon wafer of the present invention includes a step of growing a silicon single crystal by a CZ method in an inert atmosphere containing a gas containing a hydrogen atom, a step of cutting a wafer from the single crystal, Performed in a high-temperature heat treatment process at 1000 ° C or higher and 1300 ° C or lower in an oxidizing atmosphere, or a donor killer heat treatment step for preventing resistivity variation, and before the high temperature heat treatment step or the donor killer heat treatment. And a low temperature heat treatment step at a temperature lower than the heat treatment.
- thermal donors are formed in the Balta single crystal at high density in an as-grown state.
- TD thermal donors
- small-sized oxygen precipitation nuclei are formed at high density in the butter, and this small-size high-density oxygen precipitation nuclei can be used during high-temperature heat treatment or donors. Slip extension occurring during killer heat treatment can be suppressed.
- a thermal donor (TD) formed with high density in an As-grown state forms oxygen precipitates by a low-temperature ramming heat treatment.
- TD thermal donor
- the low temperature lambing treatment precipitation is promoted by adding precipitates in a small size and high density in the Balta, and slip extension can be suppressed.
- silicon wafers are subjected to a donor killer (DK) treatment in order to prevent resistivity variation due to thermal donors.
- silicon wafers used for hydrogen annealing and argon annealing are subjected to donor killer treatment at 600 ° C to 700 ° C for about 0.5 to 2 hours before high temperature annealing treatment in order to suppress resistivity fluctuations. Is done. For this reason, when performing the rubbing heat treatment, it is desirable to perform it before the donor killer treatment (the thermal donor is sufficiently present).
- the treatment temperature of the low-temperature heat treatment step is a temperature range of 400 ° C or more and 650 ° C or less, and the temperature rising rate is 0.2 ° CZmin or more and 2.0 ° C / min or less, More preferably, it is 0.3 ° CZmin or more and 1.0 ° C / min or less, whereby preferred oxygen precipitation nuclei can be formed.
- the oxygen concentration can be reduced by setting the oxygen concentration difference before and after the high temperature heat treatment step to 1.5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms Zcm 3 or more (ASTM-F121 1979). This makes it possible to obtain a wafer having the desired oxygen precipitation nuclei by accurately controlling the formation state of the oxygen precipitation nuclei.
- the hydrogen concentration in the inert atmosphere during single crystal growth is 0.1% or more and 20% under the conditions of the furnace pressure 1.3 to 13.3 kP & (10 to 100 01 "1 :).
- the woofer cut out from the single crystal grown in this atmosphere can maintain the desired oxygen precipitation nuclei with the above-mentioned low-temperature heat treatment, and sufficient oxygen to prevent slip extension.
- Precipitation nuclei are formed, and the hydrogen concentration in the inert atmosphere is set within the range of 0.3% to 10% under the furnace pressure of 4.0 to 9.33 kPa (30 to 70 torr). Also good.
- the extension of slip during the high-temperature heat treatment can be sufficiently suppressed by setting the oxygen precipitate density after the high-temperature heat treatment to 1. OX 10 1Q / cm 3 or more.
- the size of the oxygen precipitate is preferably about 80 to 200 nm, more preferably about 1 OO nm.
- the vertical axis represents the oxygen precipitation nucleus density and the horizontal axis represents the size.
- the symbol BB is a boundary line representing the critical BMD size remaining at a temperature of 900 ° C or higher.
- high-temperature annealing is performed when low-temperature lambing heat treatment (low-temperature heat treatment) is not performed.
- the density of the critical BMD Sa I's more BMD of the right 900 ° C than the boundary BB is 1. a three 0 X 10 9 cells / cm.
- BMD over the critical BMD size of 900 ° C to the right of the boundary BB density is three 1.0 X ⁇ 10 pieces / cm.
- the BMD density is 1.OX 10 1Q Zcm 3 or more is secured in the woofer that has been subjected to low temperature ramping heat treatment. It is suppressed.
- the BMD density force surviving through the high temperature annealing is equal to the BMD density above the critical BMD size of 900 ° C. The result is obtained. Therefore, a boundary was set at 900 ° C.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention can be produced by any one of the production methods described above.
- the temperature gradient Gc at the center of the crystal is controlled to be equal to or greater than the temperature gradient Ge at the outer periphery of the crystal, and the pulling rate is gradually increased.
- the shape of the OSF generation region in the longitudinal section of the single crystal is U-shaped with a convex downward and flat tip. Looking at the cross section of the crystal, when the pulling speed is high, the OSF generation region shows a ring-like shape, and a region where COP (also called infrared scatterer defects) is generated inside.
- the ring-shaped ⁇ SF generation region shrinks to the center of the crystal as the pulling rate decreases. When the pulling rate is further reduced, a dislocation cluster generation region appears.
- the pulling speed condition in the B–C range in Fig. 3 is the pulling condition near the critical speed at which the OSF generation region disappears at the center of the crystal. By performing crystal pulling under this speed condition, it becomes possible to eliminate defects throughout the crystal diameter direction.
- Fig. 5 shows the degree of influence of defect distribution on the relationship between pulling speed and SF ring diameter.
- the broken line shows the case where the temperature gradient Gc at the center of the crystal is smaller than the temperature gradient Ge at the periphery of the crystal.
- the shape of the OSF generation region in the longitudinal section of the single crystal grown while gradually decreasing the pulling rate becomes a downwardly convex V-shape.
- the OSF ring diameter gradually decreases as the pulling speed decreases and converges to 0 at the critical speed Vo.
- the thin solid line is the case where the temperature gradient Gc at the crystal center is equal to or greater than the temperature gradient Ge at the crystal periphery under the condition where hydrogen is not added.
- the shape of the OSF generation region in the longitudinal section of the single crystal grown while gradually decreasing the pulling rate is made U-shaped.
- the pull-up speed at which the OSF ring diameter starts to decrease decreases, and the contraction occurs more rapidly than the start speed, and converges to 0 at the same critical speed Vo as in the broken line. That is, the decreasing gradient of the ring diameter becomes steep while the critical speed Vo remains constant.
- the critical speed Vo does not increase, the pulling speed must be kept low.
- the thick lines and the solid line show the case where the temperature gradient Gc at the center of the crystal is equal to or greater than the temperature gradient Ge at the periphery of the crystal under the condition where hydrogen is added to the inert gas atmosphere. is there .
- the shape of the OSF generation region in the longitudinal section of the single crystal grown while gradually decreasing the pulling speed becomes U-shaped.
- the ring diameter is reduced compared to the thin solid line.
- the critical velocity increases from Vo to Vc while the small gradient remains steep.
- the growth rate of Grown-in free defect crystals is combined with hydrogen addition to increase the critical speed at which the ring O SF region disappears at the center of the crystal, and as-grown throughout the crystal diameter direction.
- Grown-in defect-free single crystals without dislocation clusters and COPs can be grown by pulling at a higher speed than before.
- the upper limit pulling speed Vd at which dislocation clusters are generated decreases to VcT due to hydrogen addition, so the pulling speed range for defect freezing broadens from B—C to ⁇ -C.
- defect-free crystals can be stably grown, and the production yield of Grown-in defect-free crystals is significantly improved.
- excess vacancy or interstitial silicon present in the silicon crystal reacts with hydrogen to form a complex such as vacancy monohydrogen or interstitial silicon-hydrogen. Since the formation of the complex reduces the concentration of vacancies and interstitial silicon, the aggregation of vacancies and interstitial silicon is suppressed, and there is no COP and dislocation cluster or small size CZ Crystals can be grown.
- interstitial silicon-type hydrogen defects can be formed under the predominance of interstitial silicon where V / G is sufficiently small (Y.Sugit: J n. J Appl. Phys 4 (1965) p962).
- Figure 6 shows the concentration of vacancies and interstitial silicon Cv and Ci, the pulling speed V, and the crystal near the solid-liquid interface at a temperature of 1100 ° C or higher at the center of the crystal during CZ crystal growth. It is related to the ratio VZG to the temperature gradient G on the side, and shows the effect of suppressing the formation of COP and dislocation clusters when hydrogen is present in the crystal. The reason why the generation of CP and dislocation cluster is suppressed will be explained using this figure.
- Vo, Vc, and Vd are the critical velocity at which the ring OSF region, COP, and dislocation clusters start to form in the crystal center or part of the radial direction, respectively.
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ 31 indicate the critical point defect concentrations generated by the OSF ring region, COP, and dislocation clusters, respectively.
- the decrease in the concentration of free vacancies depends on the hydrogen concentration in the crystal, and the decrease in vacancy concentration increases as the hydrogen concentration increases. For this reason, when hydrogen is present, the pulling speed Vo for generating the SF ring is shifted to the high speed side like Vo 'and Vc, and the pulling speed Vc for generating C ⁇ P is also Vc', Shift to high speed like Vc ".
- the concentration of vacancies and interstitial silicon is sufficiently low in the range of the critical velocity Vc or Vo "of OSF ring generation and the pulling speed range above the critical velocity Vc ⁇ or Vd ⁇ of dislocation cluster generation.
- COP and dislocation clusters do not occur, and there are no vacancy-type hydrogen defects that are large cavities, or interstitial silicon-type hydrogen defects that are dislocation pairs, and more than when hydrogen is not added.
- the range (margin) of pulling speed at which Grown-in defects are free is significantly increased, it is possible to grow defect-free crystals more stably and with a high yield.
- the V / G is larger than the critical V / G condition where the OSF ring closes, but if the OSF ring is relatively close to the critical condition, the ring OSF does not close at the center of the crystal, but COP occurs in the inner region.
- the size is reduced because the pore concentration is lowered by hydrogenation. In this case, too, the void concentration is sufficiently low so that a huge cavity is not generated.
- the hydrogen concentration in the inert atmosphere is within a range of 0.1% to 20%, more preferably 3%, under a furnace pressure of 1.3 to 13.3 kPa (10 to 100 torr). It can be set to 10% or less.
- the pressure in the furnace is 1.3 kPa (10 torr) or more, preferably 1 ⁇ 3 to: 13.3 kPa (l 0 to: 100 torr), more preferably 4.0 to 9.33 kPa (30 to 70 torr) Masle.
- a lower limit of furnace pressure is specified.
- the reactant gas such as carbon degassed from the carbon heater and the single-bonn parts and SiO evaporated from the melt will be exhausted.
- the carbon concentration increases and SiO aggregates at a temperature of about 1100 ° C or lower in the upper part of the melt in the furnace, generating dust and falling into the melt to convert crystals. cause.
- the upper limit of the furnace pressure is defined.
- the hydrogen concentration in the silicon single crystal during growth in an inert atmosphere containing hydrogen can be controlled by the hydrogen partial pressure in the atmosphere. Hydrogen in the atmosphere dissolves in the silicon melt and becomes a steady (equilibrium) state, and the concentration in the liquid phase and the solid phase is distributed by concentration segregation during crystal solidification. As a result, hydrogen is introduced into the crystal.
- the hydrogen concentration in the melt is determined by Henry's law, depending on the hydrogen partial pressure in the gas phase,
- the hydrogen concentration in the crystal is determined by the relationship between the hydrogen concentration in the melt and the prayer,
- the hydrogen concentration, k r is the segregation coefficient between the silicon melt and the crystal of hydrogen.
- the hydrogen concentration in the crystal immediately after solidification can be controlled at a desired concentration constant in the axial direction of the crystal.
- the crystal is grown in an inert atmosphere containing a gas containing a hydrogen atom, and the entire wafer consists of an interstitial silicon dominant region (PI region) only. You can also. In this case, since the wafer does not include the PV area, the uniformity in the wafer / can be maintained.
- PI region interstitial silicon dominant region
- the uniformity of the wafer means the uniformity of the density and size of the oxygen precipitates and the DZ width.
- the oxygen concentration is 10-20 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably 12-20, as measured by ASTM-F121 1979. : 18 X 10 17 atoms / cm 3 , heat treatment temperature: 450. C-1400. C, more preferably 1100 ° C to 1250 ° C, time: 0 second or more.
- an excellent woofer can be obtained when the density and size of the oxygen precipitates and the DZ width are remarkably uniform in the plane of the wafer.
- the range of high oxygen concentration (Oi) in the single crystal 10 ⁇ 20 X 10 17 atoms / cm 3 (ASTM -F121 1979)
- the density, size, and device active region of oxygen precipitates that can sufficiently ensure gettering capability without performing heat treatment for a long time at high temperature for oxygen outward diffusion in DZ layer formation are completely eliminated.
- Excellent wafer with uniform DZ width ensured to be defective You can get power S.
- the oxygen concentration ( ⁇ i) in the single crystal may be set to a low range of 10 ⁇ 10 17 atom S / cm d or less (ASTM—F121 1979). In this case, even if heat treatment is performed on the device, it is possible to suppress or reduce the generation of oxygen precipitates in the active region of the device, and to eliminate or eliminate it, and to obtain an excellent wafer that does not deteriorate the device characteristics. S can.
- a method for growing a silicon single crystal by pulling up the silicon single crystal in an inert atmosphere containing a gas containing a hydrogen atom-containing substance, COP and dislocation clusters are included in the entire crystal diameter direction.
- the range of the PI region pulling speed capable of pulling a single crystal composed of an interstitial silicon dominant region (PI region) can be expanded. Therefore, the single crystal straight body can be made into an interstitial silicon dominant region (PI region) that does not contain dislocation clusters.
- the PI region pulling speed had to be set to a very narrow range.
- by expanding the range of the PI region pulling speed it is possible to grow a grown-in defect-free single crystal extremely easily and at a higher pulling speed than in the past.
- PI regions when a single crystal is pulled in a hydrogen atmosphere, a PI region that can pull up a Grown—in defect-free single crystal consisting of interstitial silicon grown-in defect-free regions (PI regions).
- the pulling speed range can be expanded to 4 times or more compared to single crystal pulling without hydrogen, and further to 4.5 times as shown in Fig. 7.
- the OSF ring generation region can be reduced. Note that the size of the PV region (vacancy-type Grown_in defect-free region) does not change with hydrogen addition.
- the present invention it is possible to increase the pulling speed range necessary for pulling up the Grown-in defect-free silicon single crystal, such as the PI region pulling speed range in the above growth method. For this reason, when pulling up a plurality of single crystals, they can be pulled up as the same pulling conditions, and it is possible to pull up the Grown-in defect-free single crystal more easily by setting the pulling speed. That is, the same machine multiple times or simultaneously When pulling up Grown-in defect-free single crystals with multiple actual machines, even if the pulling conditions are simplified than before, the pulling speed range within which Grown-in defect-free single crystals can be pulled can be achieved, and the desired A single crystal with high quality can be pulled up. This simplification improves working efficiency and significantly reduces the cost of manufacturing a silicon single crystal or silicon wafers manufactured from this silicon single crystal.
- the hydrogen atom-containing substance used in the present invention is a substance that can be thermally decomposed when dissolved in the silicon melt and supply hydrogen atoms into the silicon melt. By introducing this hydrogen atom-containing substance into the inert gas atmosphere, the hydrogen concentration in the silicon melt can be increased.
- the hydrogen atom-containing substance include hydrogen gas, hydrogen such as H0, HC1, etc.
- hydrogen gas can be used as the hydrogen atom-containing substance.
- inert gas inexpensive Ar gas is preferred.
- various rare gases such as He, Ne, Kr, and Xe, or a mixed gas thereof can be used.
- the concentration of the hydrogen-containing substance in the hydrogen-containing atmosphere is expressed as a hydrogen gas equivalent concentration.
- the hydrogen gas equivalent concentration is used because the amount of hydrogen atoms obtained by thermal decomposition of the hydrogen-containing substance depends on the number of hydrogen atoms originally contained in the hydrogen-containing substance. .
- 1 mole of H0 contains 1 mole of H.
- concentration of the hydrogen-containing substance it is desirable to determine the concentration of the hydrogen-containing substance so that an atmosphere equivalent to this reference atmosphere can be obtained based on the hydrogen-containing atmosphere introduced into the inert gas at a predetermined concentration.
- concentration of the preferred hydrogen-containing substance is sometimes expressed as a hydrogen gas equivalent concentration.
- the hydrogen gas equivalent concentration in the atmosphere after the conversion is What is necessary is just to adjust the addition amount of a hydrogen-containing substance so that it may become a predetermined range.
- a silicon single crystal is formed in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere in which a hydrogen-containing substance is contained in an inert gas. Hydrogen atoms derived from hydrogen-containing materials Is dissolved in the silicon melt, and these hydrogen atoms are taken in between the silicon lattices when the silicon solidifies.
- the lower limit of the amount of hydrogen gas added is preferably 0.1% by volume or more, and more preferably 3% by volume or more. Less than 0.1%, the effect of hydrogen is almost impossible. If the hydrogen gas equivalent concentration exceeds 50% (6,75 kPa in terms of hydrogen partial pressure), there is an increased risk of explosion if an oxygen leak occurs in the CZ furnace. If the hydrogen gas equivalent concentration exceeds 20% (2.7 kPa in terms of hydrogen partial pressure), the danger of combustion increases even if it does not explode.
- the hydrogen concentration is 20% or less, even if oxygen leaks occur, even if combustion occurs in the furnace, the pressure fluctuation force at the time of combustion does not exceed the atmospheric pressure. There is no. Thereby, the upper limit of the hydrogen gas addition amount is prescribed
- the preferred concentration of the hydrogen-containing substance (hydrogen gas) is in the range of 0.1% to 20%, and the particularly preferred concentration is in the range of 3% to 10%.
- the difference in concentration between oxygen and twice the concentration of oxygen gas is defined as a concentration of 3% by volume or more. If the concentration difference between the hydrogen atom-containing gas concentration and the oxygen gas concentration is less than 3% by volume, the COP and dislocation cluster due to the hydrogen atoms incorporated into the silicon crystal — The effect of suppressing the generation of in defects cannot be obtained.
- the silicon crystal When the concentration of nitrogen as an impurity in the inert gas becomes high, the silicon crystal may be dislocated. Normal furnace pressure 1.3 to: 13.3 kPa (10 to 100 Torr) The nitrogen concentration is preferably 20% or less.
- Hydrogen gas is supplied into the CZ furnace from a commercially available hydrogen gas cylinder, a hydrogen gas storage tank, a tank filled with a hydrogen-occluded hydrogen-occlusion alloy, and the like through a dedicated pipe. Also good.
- the temperature gradient Gc at the center of the crystal is smaller than the temperature gradient Ge at the outer periphery, and the ring O SF generation region in the longitudinal section of the single crystal grown while gradually decreasing the pulling rate is Using a normal hot zone structure with a sharp V shape, near the critical velocity When pulling up, that is, when Ge> Gc, combining hydrogen addition, the critical velocities Vo and Vc at which the ring OSF generation region and COP begin to occur in the crystal center due to the effect of hydrogen increase, and dislocation clusters The critical velocity Vd that begins to occur in a part of the crystal decreases.
- the present invention has been completed on the basis of strong knowledge.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention is heated in a silicon single crystal wafer grown by the CZ method in an inert atmosphere containing a hydrogen atom-containing substance gas in the low-temperature heat treatment step and the high-temperature heat treatment step described above. It has been processed.
- RTA Rapid Thermal Annealing
- a condition of 1100 ° C. to 1350 ° C., 0 second or longer, Ar or He, or an Ar or He atmosphere containing NH can be used.
- the density, size, and device active region of oxygen precipitates that can sufficiently secure gettering ability without performing heat treatment for a long time at high temperature for oxygen outward diffusion in forming the DZ layer are completely eliminated. It is possible to obtain wafers that can ensure a sufficient DZ width that can be formed as defects.
- the silicon single crystal ingot is inactivated containing a hydrogen atom-containing substance gas.
- a silicon single crystal ingot containing a thermal donor at a high density can be obtained, and by performing a low temperature ramming heat treatment on the silicon wafer obtained from this silicon single crystal ingot, The ability to form small oxygen precipitates in Balta at high density is possible.
- inclusion of precipitates in small size and high density in the balta promotes precipitation during high-temperature heat treatment, and the slip extends to a temperature (900 ° C or higher) at which slip dislocations begin to grow during heat treatment. Slip extension can be suppressed by depositing sufficient oxygen precipitates on the direction dislocation lines.
- FIG. 1 A diagram showing the density and size distribution of oxygen precipitation nuclei in a Balta before high-temperature annealing.
- FIG. 2 A diagram showing the density and size distribution of oxygen precipitation nuclei in Balta when low-temperature lambing heat treatment is performed before high-temperature annealing.
- FIG. 3 Defect distribution in the longitudinal section of a single crystal grown while gradually decreasing the pulling rate.
- the temperature gradient Gc at the center of the crystal is the same as the temperature gradient Ge at the outer periphery of the crystal. Show the case, show it.
- FIG. 4 Defect distribution diagram in the longitudinal section of a single crystal grown while gradually reducing the pulling rate.
- the temperature gradient Gc at the center of the crystal is the same as the temperature gradient Ge at the outer periphery of the crystal. In the case of large size, the case of hydrogenation is shown.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the degree of influence of defect distribution on the relationship between pulling speed and OSF ring diameter.
- Figure 6 shows the concentration of vacancies and interstitial silicon Cv and Ci, the pulling speed V, and the crystal side near the solid-liquid interface at a temperature of 1100 ° C or higher at the center of the crystal during CZ crystal growth. It is the relationship with the ratio VZG to the temperature gradient G of
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing changes in the pulling speed region due to hydrogenation.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a CZ furnace suitable for carrying out the silicon single crystal manufacturing method in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 A chart showing the occurrence area of various defects by the relationship between V / G and hydrogen concentration, showing the enlargement of the V / G area for defect generation by hydrogen addition.
- FIG. 10 is a chart showing the relationship between the crystal position and the pulling speed range (margin) from which the Grown-in defect free region can be obtained.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a single wafer type rubbing heat treatment apparatus for performing a low temperature heat treatment process.
- FIGS. 12A, B, and C are crystal cross-sectional photographs of V-shaped pull-up evaluation to verify the change of each crystal region due to hydrogenation.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the density (impurity concentration) of thermal donors at each part of a crystal pulled by hydrogen doping and a crystal pulled by non-doping.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a CZ furnace suitable for carrying out the silicon single crystal manufacturing method according to this embodiment.
- the CZ furnace includes a crucible 1 disposed in the center of the chamber 1 and a heater 2 disposed outside the crucible 1.
- the crucible 1 has a double structure in which the quartz crucible la containing the raw material melt 3 is held by the outer graphite crucible lb, and is rotated and moved up and down by a support shaft called a pedestal.
- a cylindrical heat shield 7 is provided above the crucible 1.
- Heat shield 7 is made of graphite with an outer shell and filled with graphite felt. This is the structure.
- the inner surface of the heat shield 7 is a tapered surface whose inner diameter gradually decreases from the upper end to the lower end.
- the upper outer surface of the heat shield 7 is a tapered surface corresponding to the inner surface, and the lower outer surface is formed in a substantially straight surface so as to gradually increase the thickness of the heat shield 7 downward.
- the CZ furnace may be capable of growing a single crystal of 200 mm with a target diameter of 210 mm and a body length of 1200 mm, for example.
- the heat shield 7 forms a hot zone structure in which the temperature gradient Gc at the center of the crystal is the same as or greater than the temperature gradient Ge at the outer periphery of the crystal.
- an example of the specification of the heat shield 7 is as follows.
- the outer diameter of the portion that enters the crucible is, for example, 470 mm
- the minimum inner diameter S at the lowermost end is, for example, 270 mm
- the radial width W is, for example, 100 mm
- the inclination of the inner surface that is the inverted frustoconical surface is 21.
- the inner diameter of the crucible 1 is 550 mm, for example, and the height H from the melt surface at the lower end of the heat shield 7 is 60 mm, for example.
- the axial temperature gradient from the melting point to 1370 ° C is 3.0 to 3.2 ° C / in the single crystal center (Gc).
- Gc single crystal center
- the periphery (Ge) 2.3 to 2.5 ° C / mm
- Gc / Ge is about 1.3. This state hardly changes even if the pulling speed is changed.
- the hydrogen concentration is set to a mixing ratio of, for example, 0, 0.1, 3, 5, 8, 10 volume%, To grow a single crystal with a target diameter of 210mm, for example.
- the silicon is melted by heating with the heater 2 to obtain a melt 3.
- the seed crystal attached to the seed chuck 5 is immersed in the melt 3, and the crucible 1 and the lifting shaft 4 are rotated. The crystal is pulled up.
- the crystal orientation is either ⁇ 100 ⁇ , ⁇ 111 ⁇ or ⁇ 110 ⁇
- the pulling speed is adjusted to be sufficiently larger than the critical speed, for example, 1. OmmZmin. After that, the pulling speed is reduced almost linearly according to the pulling length so that when the body length reaches 600 mm, for example, it becomes 0.3 mm / min, which is smaller than the critical speed. After that, the body part is grown up to 1200 mm, for example, at this pulling speed, and after squeezing under normal conditions, the crystal growth is completed.
- the critical speed for example, 1. OmmZmin.
- each specimen is immersed in an aqueous copper sulfate solution and then air-dried, followed by heat treatment at 900 ° C for about 20 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, in order to remove the Cu silicide layer on the surface of the specimen, it is immersed in a HF / HNO mixed solution, and a surface layer of several tens of microns is obtained.
- the position of the OSF ring on the specimen and the distribution of each defect area are examined by X-ray topography.
- the COP density of this slice piece is examined, for example, by the OPP method, and the density of dislocation clusters, for example, by the Secco etching method.
- the defect distribution of the crystal grown using the single crystal pulling apparatus satisfying Gc / Ge ⁇ l occurs when the ring-shaped OSF is in a U-shape as shown in FIG.
- the defect-free part expands as shown in ⁇ -C in Fig. 4, and the range (margin) of pulling speed at which a defect-free crystal is formed increases.
- the oxygen precipitation promotion region which is a vacant Grown-in defect free region (PV region), and the interstitial silicon type Grown-in defect free region (PI region)
- the interstitial silicon-dominated region is pulled up to pull up the Grown-in defect-free single crystal consisting only of the PI region indicated by F′-C in FIG. Increase speed range.
- the margin of the PI region is expanded four times or more compared to the case without hydrogen.
- V region defect free region
- PI region type I Grown-in defect free region
- dislocation cluster region dislocation cluster region
- the pulling speed range for Grow n_in defect free is changed.
- the relationship between the (margin) and the position in the crystal axis direction (Fig. 10) is required. From this Fig. 10, it is possible to set the operating conditions for obtaining a Grown-in defect-free single crystal.
- the single crystal of the interstitial silicon dominant region does not contain COPs and dislocation clusters throughout the crystal diameter direction.
- the range of the PI area pulling speed that can pull up can be increased by more than four times. Therefore, the entire single crystal straight body can be made an interstitial silicon dominant region (PI region).
- the PI region pulling speed had to be set to a very narrow range. Grown-in defect-free single crystals can be grown very easily and at a higher pulling speed than before by increasing the PI region speed.
- Grown-in defect-free crystals can be grown over the entire top force and bottom by setting the pulling speed at the corresponding crystal position within the speed range indicated by the solid line in FIG. .
- the speed is equal to or higher than the upper limit indicated by the solid line in FIG.
- the pulling speed is set, Grown-in defects are not completely free, but crystals with a COP size of 0 ⁇ lm or less can be grown.
- the vicinity of the surface layer having a depth of 1 ⁇ m or more can be made Grown-in defect free by annealing in an atmosphere of hydrogen or argon.
- the defect size is less than 0. m, the COP can be completely extinguished in a region having a surface force of about 1 ⁇ m with an annealing of about 1110 ° C / 2 hr.
- a cutting device such as an ID saw or a wire saw is used.
- the silicon single crystal wafer is processed through processes such as chamfering, lapping, etching, and polishing.
- processes such as cleaning, and the processes can be appropriately changed depending on the purpose, such as changing the order of processes or omitting them.
- the silicon wafer manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes a high-temperature heat treatment step such as hydrogen annealing or argon annealing at 1000 ° C or higher and 1300 ° C or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere as heat treatment to the thermal donor, and the high-temperature heat treatment.
- a high-temperature heat treatment step such as hydrogen annealing or argon annealing at 1000 ° C or higher and 1300 ° C or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere as heat treatment to the thermal donor, and the high-temperature heat treatment.
- a low-temperature heat treatment process performed in a state where a thermal donor is sufficiently present before the donor killer process of about 650 ° C. Xlhr.
- This low-temperature heat treatment process is performed at a temperature of 400 ° C or higher and 650 ° C or lower, a temperature rising rate of 0.2 ° C / min or higher and 2.0 ° C / min or lower, and by a lambing heat treatment.
- the in the low-temperature heat treatment step more preferably, the temperature range is 500 ° C to 600 ° C and / or the temperature rising rate is 0.3 ° C / min to 1.0 ° C / min. I can do it.
- the oxygen concentration difference before and after the high-temperature heat treatment step is 1.5 X 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or more (ASTM-F121 1979), and the oxygen precipitate density after the high-temperature heat treatment is 1.0 X performed such that the 10 1Q pieces ZCM 3 or more.
- FIG. 11 shows a single wafer type rubbing heat treatment apparatus for performing a low-temperature heat treatment step.
- the heat treatment apparatus includes an annular susceptor 11 on which a silicon wafer W can be placed, and a reaction chamber 12 in which the susceptor 11 is housed. Note that a halogen lamp 13 for heating the silicon wafer W is disposed outside the reaction chamber 12. Yes.
- the susceptor 11 is formed of silicon carbide or the like, and a step portion 11a is provided on the inner peripheral side, and a peripheral portion of the silicon wafer W is placed on the step portion 11a.
- the reaction chamber 12 is provided with a supply port 12a for supplying the atmospheric gas G to the surface of the silicon wafer W and a discharge port 12b for discharging the supplied atmospheric gas G.
- the supply port 12a is connected to the supply source 14 of the atmospheric gas G.
- the lamp 13 is turned on with the atmosphere gas G being supplied from the supply port 12a to the surface of the silicon wafer W. Turn on the light and perform heat treatment at a temperature rise rate of the above range. Oxygen precipitate nuclei are formed in the silicon wafer W by this low-temperature heat treatment.
- a thermal donor By growing a silicon single crystal by the CZ method in an inert atmosphere containing a hydrogen atom-containing substance gas, a thermal donor (TD) is placed in the bulk in an as-grown state in this single crystal. Form with high density.
- TD thermal donor
- a low-temperature ramming treatment is performed on a hydrogen-doped wafer containing a high density of thermal donors, so that small-sized oxygen precipitation nuclei necessary for suppressing slip extension during the high-temperature heat treatment step are formed. It becomes possible to form a high density in Balta.
- Examples of high-temperature heat treatment include hydrogen annealing by DZ—IZ, argon annealing, 1300 For example, SIMOX annealing performed at high temperature above ° C.
- RTA Rapid Thermal Annealing
- the silicon single crystal is pulled up in an inert atmosphere containing a gas containing a hydrogen atom-containing substance, and a silicon wafer having sufficient thermal donors is subjected to the low-temperature ramping heat treatment as described above. It is possible to form SiO that remains after argon annealing and can prevent slip extension in the wall.
- Such wafers can be used for device manufacturing as ordinary PW (polished wafers, mirror wafers) as they are, and are also useful as substrates for SOI.
- the pulling speed was changed so that the ratio of the maximum pulling speed would be 0.7 ⁇ 0.35 ⁇ 0.7.
- the hydrogen concentration and the furnace pressure at the time of pulling would be (a) 0%, 30 torr (b) 6%, 30 torr (c) 6%, and 70 torr were pulled up, and the surface in the crystal axis direction was observed.
- FIGS 12A, 12B and 12C summarize the results of the following treatments performed on the cut surfaces of the above crystals.
- Fig. 7 and Table 1 show the results of how much each region corresponding to Fig. 9 and the pulling rate changed due to hydrogen addition at this time.
- the pulling speed margin in each defect region in Table 1 was calculated by measuring the width of each defect region as viewed in the crystal axis direction at the center of the crystal. [0087] [Table 1]
- the pulling speed is 0.7mm / min—constant, and the silicon single crystal force is pulled up in an atmosphere with a hydrogen concentration of 6%.
- the XRT (X_ray Topograph) evaluation of these silicon wafers was performed, and the slip length from the wafer support boat flaws was compared based on the obtained photos. Table 2 shows the dependence of wafer strength on the heat treatment process.
- the heat treatment atmosphere was all Ar atmosphere.
- "Rubbing heat treatment 1" shown in Table 2 means that the ramping rate from 500 ° C to 650 ° C is 2.5 This is a heat treatment at a temperature of ° C / min. “Rubbing heat treatment 2” is a heat treatment at a lambing rate of 0.3 ° C / min at a power of 500 ° C and 650 ° C.
- the pulling rate was 0.7 mm / min—constant
- the hydrogen was crystallized from an 800 mm long hydrogen-doped crystal pulled in an atmosphere with a hydrogen concentration of 6%, and the specific resistance of each part was measured by the four-probe method.
- a DK (donor killer) treatment for eliminating the thermal donor a heat treatment at 650 ° C. for 30 minutes was performed, and then the specific resistance of the wafer was measured again.
- Figure 13 shows the impurity concentration (density of the normal donor) converted from the change in specific resistance value before and after DK treatment at each site.
- the impurity concentration when hydrogen is not supplied is also described as REF (non-doped).
- the silicon wafer of the example of the present invention (level:! To 5) significantly suppresses slip extension compared to the silicon wafer of the comparative example (level 6). Can do.
- the hydrogen concentration in the inert gas atmosphere is 3% or more, it can be seen that the slip extension cannot be detected at the visual level until it can be detected.
- a silicon single crystal ingot in an inert gas atmosphere containing a gas containing a hydrogen atom-containing substance, a silicon single crystal containing a high density of thermal donors in an as-grown state.
- a crystalline ingot can be obtained. From this crystal By cutting out and performing low-temperature heat treatment, small oxygen precipitates can be formed with high density.
- a silicon wafer having a DZ layer indispensable for device formation and excellent in strength can be obtained.
- the entire region of the silicon wafer is composed only of the interstitial silicon dominant region, and the density and size of the oxygen precipitates and the DZ width are excellently uniform in the plane of the wafer. You can get eight.
- the pulling speed range for defect free can be expanded, and defect-free crystals can be stably grown. And the production yield of Grown-in defect-free crystals is significantly improved.
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JP2008294112A (ja) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-12-04 | Sumco Corp | シリコン単結晶ウェーハ及びその製造方法 |
US20150294868A1 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-10-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Method of Manufacturing Semiconductor Devices Containing Chalcogen Atoms |
WO2023176108A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-21 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
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JP4432458B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-30 | 2010-03-17 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 単結晶の製造方法 |
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JP6699620B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-26 | 2020-05-27 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
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- 2005-11-09 CN CNB2005800502295A patent/CN100565820C/zh active Active
- 2005-11-09 EP EP05806093A patent/EP1909315A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-09 KR KR1020077028403A patent/KR100939299B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-11-09 WO PCT/JP2005/020548 patent/WO2007013189A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-11-16 TW TW094140334A patent/TWI310794B/zh active
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JP7359241B2 (ja) | 2022-03-15 | 2023-10-11 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20080003937A (ko) | 2008-01-08 |
CN101238557A (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
EP1909315A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
JPWO2007013189A1 (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
DE05806093T1 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
US20070095274A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
KR100939299B1 (ko) | 2010-01-28 |
TWI310794B (en) | 2009-06-11 |
CN100565820C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
TW200704834A (en) | 2007-02-01 |
EP1909315A4 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
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