WO2005033690A1 - Sensorelement - Google Patents
Sensorelement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005033690A1 WO2005033690A1 PCT/DE2004/002179 DE2004002179W WO2005033690A1 WO 2005033690 A1 WO2005033690 A1 WO 2005033690A1 DE 2004002179 W DE2004002179 W DE 2004002179W WO 2005033690 A1 WO2005033690 A1 WO 2005033690A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor element
- diffusion
- gas
- section
- electrode
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4071—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases using sensor elements of laminated structure
- G01N27/4072—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases using sensor elements of laminated structure characterized by the diffusion barrier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/419—Measuring voltages or currents with a combination of oxygen pumping cells and oxygen concentration cells
Definitions
- the invention is based on a sensor element according to the preamble of the independent claim.
- Such a sensor element is known, for example, from the Automotive Electronics Handbook, Editor: Ronald Jürgen, Chapter 6, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
- the planar sensor element has a first and a second solid electrolyte film, between which a measuring gas space is introduced.
- a diffusion barrier is located upstream of the sample gas space. The sample gas located outside the sensor element can reach the sample gas space through a sample gas opening made in the first solid electrolyte film and through the diffusion barrier.
- An internal pump electrode and a Nemst electrode are arranged in the sample gas chamber.
- the inner pump electrode together with an outer pump electrode applied to an outer surface of the sensor element and the region of the first solid electrolyte film lying between the inner pump electrode and the outer pump electrode, forms an electrochemical pump cell.
- the Nemst electrode interacts with a reference electrode exposed to a reference gas and with the solid electrolyte arranged between the Nemst electrode and the reference electrode; the elements mentioned form an electrochemical Nernst cell with which the oxygen partial pressure in the sample gas space is determined.
- the pump voltage is regulated by means of evaluation electronics so that the Nernst voltage applied to the Nernst cell corresponds to a setpoint of, for example, 450 mV. If the exhaust gas is lean, this regulation means that all the oxygen flowing through the diffusion barrier is pumped out through the pump cell. Since the amount of oxygen flowing through the diffusion barrier is a measure of the oxygen partial pressure of the measurement gas, the pump current can be used to infer the oxygen partial pressure in the measurement gas.
- the exhaust gas is rich, oxidizable components of the sample gas (e.g. hydrocarbons, H 2 , CO) diffuse through the diffusion barrier into the sample gas space. The oxidizable components of the sample gas react with the oxygen pumped through the pump cell into the sample gas chamber. Again, the oxygen partial pressure in the exhaust gas can be inferred from the pump current.
- the described determination of the oxygen partial pressure presupposes that the sample gas is in thermodynamic equilibrium. If this is not the case, if there are oxidizable and reducible gas components next to one another, the measurement result is falsified, since the oxidizable and reducible gas components have different diffusion constants and thus diffuse through the diffusion barrier into the sample gas space at different speeds.
- a similar effect occurs with rich exhaust gas, in which residual oxygen is present in addition to the fatty gas components H 2 , CO and hydrocarbons (multi-component sample gas).
- the proportions of the different components can vary. Since the different components have different diffusion coefficients, the measurement result is falsified.
- Multicomponent measuring gases occur in particular during the regeneration phase of diesel particle filters or in the fat exhaust gas, for example during the regeneration of a NO x storage catalytic converter.
- the sensor element according to the invention with the characterizing features of the independent claim has the advantage that the sensor element has an excellent oxygen partial pressure of the measurement gas
- the sensor element comprises a first and a second electrode, which are electrically connected by a solid electrolyte and form an electrochemical cell.
- the second electrode is arranged in a gas space, which is connected to the measurement gas located outside the sensor element via a first element, which has a catalytically active material, and a second diffusion-limiting element (diffusion barrier).
- the first element has a length of at least 1 mm in the direction of diffusion of the measurement gas. This ensures that the measurement gas interacts with the catalytically active material of the first area in such a way that the measurement gas is converted into thermodynamic equilibrium.
- the measures listed in the dependent claims allow advantageous developments of the sensor element mentioned in the independent claim.
- the first element can be designed as a cavity, the inner walls of which are coated with the catalytically active material.
- the first element is particularly preferably porous, the measurement gas diffusing through the pores of the porous first element and thereby coming into contact with the catalytically active material. It is advantageous here that the catalytically active material can interact with the measurement gas particularly frequently over a short diffusion distance, so that the measurement gas is brought into thermodynamic equilibrium particularly reliably.
- the impairment of the measurement signal by a measurement gas which is not completely in thermodynamic equilibrium could be avoided particularly effectively in a sensor element in which the first element has a length in the diffusion direction of the measurement gas in the range from 1.5 mm to 20 mm, particularly preferably in the Range of 2 mm to 5 mm, or in which the volume of the first element filled with a porous material is in the range of 1 mm 3 to 20 mm 3 , in particular 2 mm 3 to 10 mm 3 , for example 6 mm 3 , or in which the first element is a channel filled with a porous material, the height of the first element in.
- the height of the first element in the context of this document is understood to mean the extent perpendicular to the layer plane of the sensor element and the width of the first element is the extent in the direction perpendicular to the direction of diffusion and perpendicular to the height.
- the diffusion cross section of the first element is at least twice as large as the diffusion cross section of the second element.
- the diffusion cross section is understood to mean the open area (ie the area through which the gas can diffuse) in the plane perpendicular to the direction of diffusion.
- the diffusion cross section corresponds to the area of the cavities formed by the pores.
- the Diffusion cross section is smaller than the diffusion cross section of the first element.
- the sample gas located outside the sensor element often has high flow velocities and pulsations (pressure surges), which can cause strong pressure changes in the gas space.
- the narrowing advantageously dampens these flows and pulsations of the sample gas and thus the
- the narrowing can be achieved, for example, by a porous material with a correspondingly low proportion of pores or by a channel with a correspondingly reduced cross section.
- the diffusion cross section of the narrowing 10 to 80 percent, in particular 20 to 40 percent, of the diffusion section of the first member, or the length of the constriction in
- the direction of diffusion is 10 to 100 percent of the length of the first element, or a porous material is provided in the area of the constriction, the mean pore diameter of which is in the range of 5 to 20 percent of the largest cross section of the constriction.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first exemplary embodiment of a sensor element according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a second exemplary embodiment of a sensor element according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 3
- Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of a sensor element according to the invention
- Figure 6 shows a section in the plane of Figures 2 and 4 through a fourth embodiment of a sensor element according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show as a first exemplary embodiment of the invention a sensor element 10 with a first solid electrolyte layer 21, a second solid electrolyte layer 22, a third solid electrolyte layer 23 and a fourth solid electrolyte layer 24.
- a first electrode 31 exposed to the measurement gas is provided, which is covered with a protective layer (not shown).
- a second electrode 32 is arranged opposite the first electrode 1 on the first solid electrolyte layer 21 in a gas space 41.
- the gas space 41 is inside the sensor element 10 between the first solid electrolyte layer 21 and the second
- Solid electrolyte layer 22 is arranged.
- a third electrode 33 is arranged in the gas space 41, opposite the second electrode 32, on the second solid electrolyte layer 22.
- a fourth electrode 34 is arranged opposite the third electrode 33 on the second solid electrolyte layer 22 in a reference gas space 42.
- the reference gas space 42 is provided between the second solid electrolyte layer 22 and the third solid electrolyte layer 23 and contains a reference gas, in particular with a high oxygen content.
- a heating element 51 is arranged between the third and fourth solid electrolyte layers 23, 24, with which the sensor element 10 can be heated to the required operating temperature.
- the gas space 41 is connected to the measurement gas located outside the sensor element 10 via a first element 61 and a second element 62, the second element 62 being arranged between the first element 61 and the gas space 41.
- the first element 61, the second element 62 and the gas space 41 are in one along the longitudinal axis of the sensor element 10 and between the first and the second
- Solid electrolyte layer 21, 22 extending channel is arranged, which is laterally sealed by a sealing frame 29.
- the second exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that, starting from the second element 62, the first element 61 initially differs along the longitudinal axis of the sensor element 10 and between the first and second solid electrolyte layers 21, 22 extends and then runs through an opening in the first solid electrolyte layer 21 to the outside of the sensor element 10.
- the third exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5 differs from the first and the second exemplary embodiment, inter alia in that the electrodes and the diffusion barrier are designed in a ring shape.
- the sensor element 110 has a first solid electrolyte layer 121, a second solid electrolyte layer 122, a third solid electrolyte layer 123 and a fourth solid electrolyte layer 124 as well as an intermediate layer 125 made of a solid electrolyte.
- the annular first electrode 131 is arranged on the outer surface of the first solid electrolyte layer 121.
- a gas space 141 is provided between the second and third solid electrolyte layers 122, 123. In the gas space 141, an annular second electrode 132 is arranged on the second solid electrolyte layer 122.
- a reference gas space 142 is also provided in the layer plane of the gas space 141, in which a third electrode 133 is arranged on the second solid electrolyte layer 122 and is exposed to a reference gas with a high oxygen content.
- the gas located outside the sensor element can reach the gas space 141 via a first element 161 and a second element 162.
- the first element 161 extends in a first section in the layer plane between the first and second solid electrolyte layers 121, 122 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sensor element 10 and then extends through an opening in the second solid electrolyte layer 122 to the center of the annular second element 162.
- the second element 162 is arranged within the annular gas space 141 between the second and the third solid electrolyte layers 122, 123.
- the gas space 141 is thus connected via the second element 162 and the first element 161 to the gas located outside the sensor element 10.
- the first element 161 is laterally surrounded by the intermediate layer 125 in the region between the first and the second solid electrolyte foil 121, 122.
- the first and second electrodes 131, 132 are electrically connected by the first solid electrolyte layer 121, the intermediate layer 125 and the second solid electrolyte layer 122.
- a heating element 151 is further provided, which comprises a heating conductor 152, which is insulated from the surrounding layers 123, 124 by a heater insulation 153.
- the heating conductor 152 and the heater insulation 153 are laterally surrounded by a heater sealing frame 154.
- the structure of the heating element 51 of the first and second exemplary embodiments corresponds to this
- Heating element 151 according to the third embodiment.
- the first element 61, 161 is a channel filled with a porous material, which extends at least in regions in a layer plane, that is to say parallel to the large areas of the solid electrolyte foils 21, 22, 23, 24, 121, 122, 123, 124.
- the porous material contains a noble metal or a mixture or alloy containing noble metal as the catalytically active material.
- a noble metal or a mixture or alloy containing noble metal for example, platinum, rhodium or palladium or a mixture or alloy of the elements mentioned are used as noble metals.
- a porous ceramic which contains, for example, aluminum oxide, can be provided as a support structure for the catalytically active material, the catalytically active one
- Material is provided in the pores of the porous supporting ceramic.
- the measuring gas located outside the sensor element diffuses through the first element 61, 161 to the second element 62, 162 and then into the gas space 41, 141.
- the diffusion distance through the first element 61, 161 is 3 mm.
- the channel in which the first element 61, 161 is arranged has a cross-sectional area (ie the area enclosed by the inner boundary perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) of approximately 0.4 mm 2 , the height being approximately 0.2 mm and the width is about 2 mm.
- the first element 61, 161 has a section with a longitudinal extension perpendicular to the layer plane of the sensor element 10, which extends through an opening in one of the solid electrolyte layers.
- this section which preferably has a circular cross section, the cross sectional area is also approximately 0.4 mm 2 .
- the second diffusion-limiting element 62, 162 is a diffusion barrier, the diffusion cross section of which is significantly smaller than the diffusion cross section of the first element 61, 161.
- the diffusion cross section of the second element 62, 162 is, for example, approximately 0.1 mm 2 , while the diffusion cross section of the first element 61, 161 is 0.35 mm 2 .
- the diffusion resistance which is the diffusion of the gas into the gas space 41, 141 limited, is therefore essentially given by the diffusion resistance of the second element 62, 162.
- FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, which can be transferred to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5.
- FIG. 6 corresponds to the sectional plane of FIGS. 2 and 4.
- a constriction 71 is provided on the side of the first element 61 facing away from the second element 62.
- the constriction 71 has a smaller diffusion cross section than the first element 61.
- the constriction 71 has a smaller cross-sectional area than the channel in which the first element 61 is arranged.
- Constriction 71 is 50 percent of the length of first element 61, and the cross-sectional area of constriction 71 is 30 percent of the cross-sectional area of first element 61.
- constriction can be filled with a porous material
- Pore content is less than the pore content of the first element.
- the channel in which the first element is arranged can also, in particular in the layer plane of the solid electrolyte foils, be formed in a serpentine or meandering manner, in order to lengthen the diffusion path within the first element.
- the invention can also be applied to a sensor element which has two electrochemical cells connected in parallel, one electrochemical cell having a first element according to the invention which is connected upstream of the second element (diffusion barrier), and the other electrochemical cell having such a catalytically active one first element is not provided.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
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- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04786891A EP1673618A1 (de) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Sensorelement |
JP2006527274A JP2007506948A (ja) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | センサエレメント |
US10/574,058 US20070000779A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Sensor element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10345142.0 | 2003-09-29 | ||
DE10345142 | 2003-09-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005033690A1 true WO2005033690A1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
Family
ID=34306137
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2004/002179 WO2005033690A1 (de) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-29 | Sensorelement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050067282A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1673618A1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP4739716B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102004047796A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005033690A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007053425A1 (de) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gassensor mit verringerten Alterungseffekten |
JP2010515034A (ja) * | 2006-12-29 | 2010-05-06 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 内側にアノードが設けられたセンサ素子 |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7611612B2 (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2009-11-03 | Ceramatec, Inc. | Multilayer ceramic NOx gas sensor device |
DE102006062056A1 (de) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement mit unterdrückter Fettgasreaktion |
DE102008001697A1 (de) | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Auswerte- und Steuereinheit für eine Breitband-Lambdasonde |
DE102009029415A1 (de) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-03-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement mit mehrteiliger Diffusionsbarriere |
DE102009046317A1 (de) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor zum Detektieren wenigstens eines ersten Mediums in einem Mediengemisch aus wenigstens dem ersten und einem zweiten Medium, Verfahren zum Herstellen des Sensors sowie Chip mit dem Sensor |
DE102011005516A1 (de) | 2011-03-14 | 2012-09-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung mindestens einer Eigenschaft eines Gases |
JP6731283B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-11 | 2020-07-29 | 株式会社Soken | ガスセンサ |
JP7303617B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2023-07-05 | ロベルト・ボッシュ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | ガスセンサ |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5866799A (en) * | 1994-04-21 | 1999-02-02 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method of measuring a gas component and sensing device for measuring the gas component |
DE10013882A1 (de) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-10-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensorelement mit Vorkatalyse |
EP1167957A2 (de) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-01-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Riken | NOx Sensor |
WO2002090957A2 (de) * | 2001-05-05 | 2002-11-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelememt |
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US4199425A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-04-22 | General Motors Corporation | Solid electrolyte exhaust gas sensor with increased NOx sensitivity |
JPS55155859A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1980-12-04 | Towa Kogyo Kk | Method of waterproofing |
JPS61194345A (ja) * | 1985-02-23 | 1986-08-28 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ガス濃度検出方法 |
JPH0672861B2 (ja) * | 1986-08-04 | 1994-09-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | NOxセンサ |
US5538612A (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1996-07-23 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Oxygen sensor element |
JPH05264501A (ja) * | 1992-03-23 | 1993-10-12 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 炭化水素濃度の計測装置 |
JP3511468B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-21 | 2004-03-29 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 被測定ガス中のNOx濃度の測定方法 |
US5709787A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1998-01-20 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Wide-range air fuel ratio oxygen sensor |
JP3450084B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-09 | 2003-09-22 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 可燃ガス成分の測定方法及び測定装置 |
JP3481344B2 (ja) * | 1995-04-19 | 2003-12-22 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒の劣化検知方法及びそのためのシステム |
JP3610182B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-27 | 2005-01-12 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
JP3841513B2 (ja) * | 1997-04-23 | 2006-11-01 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 炭化水素センサ |
BR9806177A (pt) * | 1997-09-15 | 1999-10-19 | Heraus Electro Nite Internatio | Sensor de gás |
US6153071A (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 2000-11-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Exhaust oxygen sensing |
DE19861198B4 (de) * | 1998-11-11 | 2004-04-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor für die Untersuchung von Abgasen und Untersuchungsverfahren |
DE19941051C2 (de) * | 1999-08-28 | 2003-10-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensorelement zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffkonzentration in Gasgemischen und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
DE10013881B4 (de) * | 2000-03-21 | 2007-01-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelement mit katalytisch aktiver Schicht und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
JP2002005883A (ja) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-01-09 | Riken Corp | 窒素酸化物ガスセンサ |
US6579436B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-06-17 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas sensor and method of producing the same |
US7153412B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2006-12-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Electrodes, electrochemical elements, gas sensors, and gas measurement methods |
-
2004
- 2004-09-16 JP JP2004270449A patent/JP4739716B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-21 US US10/947,022 patent/US20050067282A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-29 JP JP2006527274A patent/JP2007506948A/ja active Pending
- 2004-09-29 DE DE102004047796A patent/DE102004047796A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-29 WO PCT/DE2004/002179 patent/WO2005033690A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-09-29 EP EP04786891A patent/EP1673618A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-29 DE DE102004047797A patent/DE102004047797A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5866799A (en) * | 1994-04-21 | 1999-02-02 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method of measuring a gas component and sensing device for measuring the gas component |
DE10013882A1 (de) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-10-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensorelement mit Vorkatalyse |
EP1167957A2 (de) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-01-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Riken | NOx Sensor |
WO2002090957A2 (de) * | 2001-05-05 | 2002-11-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorelememt |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010515034A (ja) * | 2006-12-29 | 2010-05-06 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 内側にアノードが設けられたセンサ素子 |
DE102007053425A1 (de) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gassensor mit verringerten Alterungseffekten |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004047796A1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
EP1673618A1 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
US20050067282A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
JP4739716B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
JP2007506948A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
JP2005106817A (ja) | 2005-04-21 |
DE102004047797A1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
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