WO2000037213A2 - Werkzeugmaschine mit piezoelektrischer positionskorrektureinrichtung - Google Patents
Werkzeugmaschine mit piezoelektrischer positionskorrektureinrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000037213A2 WO2000037213A2 PCT/DE1999/003872 DE9903872W WO0037213A2 WO 2000037213 A2 WO2000037213 A2 WO 2000037213A2 DE 9903872 W DE9903872 W DE 9903872W WO 0037213 A2 WO0037213 A2 WO 0037213A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- machine tool
- workpiece table
- tool according
- piezoelectric
- processing unit
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002789 length control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
- B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
- B23Q1/34—Relative movement obtained by use of deformable elements, e.g. piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, elastic or thermally-dilatable elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/402—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for positioning, e.g. centring a tool relative to a hole in the workpiece, additional detection means to correct position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0003—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0007—Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine by compensating occurring thermal dilations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/001—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0028—Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine by actively reacting to a change of the configuration of the machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
- B23Q2039/002—Machines with twin spindles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a machine tool for in particular machining workpieces, with a processing unit and / or a workpiece table and with a position correction device for the processing unit or the workpiece table.
- a machine tool has become known, for example, from DE 196 07 599 AI.
- stationary optical measuring barriers are provided, through which the workpiece and tool are moved simultaneously or in quick succession.
- the positions thus detected are compared to stored positions from previous measurements, and the difference between the detected and previously measured positions is used to correct the machine control.
- This means that the tool or workpiece is not mechanically moved back to the setpoint, but the change in position is taken into account by a corresponding correction of the setpoints of the machine control.
- dynamic position correction during the machining of a workpiece is not possible.
- At least one electrically controlled piezoelectric (piezoceramic) actuating element is provided as the position correction device, in particular for a work spindle of the processing unit.
- Piezoelectric control elements actuators
- actuators with which stretches of up to approx. 300 Im can be achieved today, have very high rigidity and in particular very short actuation times (less than 1 ⁇ s).
- actuators In machine tools they can be used on both the tool and the workpiece side, for example:
- tool length correction especially a relative tool length correction in multi-spindle systems
- the work spindles of machine tools in particular multi-spindle machines, can be coupled to the machine tool in a spatially displaceable manner with the aid of piezoelectric adjusting elements.
- This enables a spatial movement of the or each individual work spindle that is superimposed on the degrees of freedom of the conventional machine axes.
- the machine stand for example a slide unit, with the work spindle carries out the axis movements specified by the control program, while a work spindle can also carry out superimposed compensation movements for a position correction.
- This piezoelectric position correction device according to the invention can be used both in conventional work spindles and in motor spindles and multi-spindle drilling heads.
- the work spindle can either be controlled to a target position by means of predefined parameters, or the tool or work spindle position is adjusted to the workpiece or with the help of a closed control loop. Adjusted target position.
- the target / actual deviation can be determined by means of mechanical, optical, capacitive or inductive sensors or buttons. The dimensions can be adjusted both on the workpieces to be machined and on the tool.
- the deviation is then determined in several control steps, e.g. minimized by moving the work spindle to its target position.
- the work spindle is controlled into its exact target position on the basis of parameters typical of the machine, tool or device. These parameters can also be variably based on the respective machine condition (temperature, machining force, etc.).
- the effective direction of the at least one piezoelectric actuating element runs approximately in the direction of a linear degree of freedom of the machining unit or the workpiece table, i.e. in the direction of the conventional machine axes X, Y or Z.
- tool dimension fluctuations for example the tool length or Tool setting dimensions can be changed.
- each linear degree of freedom of the processing unit or the workpiece table can be assigned at least one piezoelectric actuating element. This measure allows any spatial position correction, for example of the work spindle (s), to be carried out.
- the effective direction of the at least one piezoelectric actuating element extends approximately radially to a linear degree of freedom of the processing unit or the workpiece table.
- This embodiment has the essential advantage that e.g. a work spindle can be moved via the at least one piezoelectric actuating element from its position parallel to a linear degree of freedom (Z direction), in particular can be shifted in parallel or tilted.
- the machining unit or the workpiece table can be spatially adjustable in a spatially adjustable manner by means of a multi-point holder formed by at least two, preferably at least three piezoelectric adjusting elements.
- the adjusting elements are to be provided at the same angular intervals on the processing unit or the workpiece table.
- the processing unit or the workpiece table is mounted in spatially adjustable manner via at least two multi-point holders arranged one behind the other in the direction of the linear degree of freedom.
- two multi-point brackets for example with three control elements arranged under 120 in two radial planes
- a work spindle can be moved in the radial planes spanned by the three control elements.
- adjust dial either parallel to the spindle axis or spherical.
- the spherical adjustability of the work spindle can also compensate for wobble errors in the work spindle. It also makes it possible to compensate for accuracy-related, geometric deviations of the machine tool and errors due to the flexibility of the machine structure.
- the at least one piezoelectric actuating element can be provided according to the invention on the guide of the machining unit or the workpiece table assigned to a linear degree of freedom.
- control elements are mounted under the guide shoes of the guides. The non-constant stiffness of the X-slide can thus be compensated for depending on its respective Y-position.
- the distance between two processing units, in particular between their work spindles, or between two workpiece tables of the machine tool can be changed via the at least one piezoelectric actuating element.
- Adjustment element between the two work spindles is provided, for example, in a parting line in order to adjust the spindle distance by widening the parting line.
- Vibrations of the machine tool which are generally in a frequency range of approx. 10-20 Hz, can also lead to position inaccuracies and displacements. It is therefore of particular advantage if at least one piezoelectric element which supports the machining unit or the workpiece table in a height-adjustable manner is provided to compensate for such vibrations (active vibration damping). For this purpose, the movement of the machine tool is detected with suitable vibration measuring elements, calculated and given to the actuating elements as displacement compensation values.
- a mechanical, optical, capacitive or inductive measuring sensor for example, can be provided that detects a displacement of the processing unit or the workpiece table directly or a parameter that determines the displacement as a sensing variable for controlling the at least one piezoelectric actuator detected.
- the first-mentioned parameters are particularly suitable for regulating the actuating element, while the second-mentioned parameters are parameters typical of machines, tools or devices, such as temperature or machining force, etc., the characteristics of which are determined in advance and then used for control in the can serve exact target positions.
- the at least one piezoelectric element itself can be provided as the measuring sensor.
- the work spindle can not only be spatially adjusted by the adjusting element, but can also be kept continuously in this adjusted position.
- This holding device can be, for example, clamping elements that can be controlled as electrically as possible.
- piezoelectric elements can also be used as clamping elements.
- 1 shows a first embodiment of a machine tool according to the invention with two vertical machining units in a perspective view
- 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a horizontal work spindle of a machine tool according to the invention, the work spindle being mounted displaceably in the Z direction;
- FIG 3 shows another exemplary embodiment of a horizontal work spindle of a machine tool according to the invention, the work spindle being mounted so as to be displaceable radially to the Z direction;
- Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a machine tool according to the invention in a side view.
- the machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a machine base in the form of a base support 2 and two processing units 3, the vertical work spindles 4 of which are displaceably guided in the X, Y and Z directions by means of a slide unit.
- the carriage unit comprises an X-carriage 5, which is guided in horizontal guides 6 of the floor support 2 so as to be displaceable in the X-direction.
- Horizontal guides 7 are provided on the X slide 5 for a Y slide 8 carrying the two machining units 3.
- Each processing unit 3 has a quill-like Z-slide (not shown) with the work spindle 4, so that it can also be moved in the Z direction.
- the two processing units 3, which are formed by a common housing block 9, are spaced in the X direction by a dividing joint 10 which is open to the front and in which a piezo-acting in the X direction electrical actuating elements 11 is located.
- the separation joint 10 can be widened by corresponding electrical control of the actuating elements 11 and the distance ⁇ X between the two work spindles 4 or between the tools 12 located therein can be changed.
- the work spindle 20 shown in FIG. 2 is surrounded by three piezoelectric actuating elements 21 acting in the Z direction, which are arranged at equal angular intervals around the longitudinal axis 22 of the work spindle 20.
- the piezoelectric actuating elements 21 are attached at one end to the bearing 23 of the work spindle 20 and at the other end to the quinoline-like Z-slide (not shown). Since all three piezoelectric actuating elements 21 are electrically controlled for the same change in length .DELTA.z, the working spindle 20 or its tool 24 can be adjusted in length in the Z direction by the amount .DELTA.z. With different lengths of control of the three piezoelectric actuating elements 21, the work spindle 20 or the tool 24 can be tilted as desired from its original position designated 22.
- three piezoelectric actuating elements 33 which act radially to the longitudinal direction 32 of the work spindle 30 are arranged on the outside and on the periphery of their bearing 31 at the outside and are supported at the other end on a housing (not shown).
- Each bearing 31 is held in a 3-point bearing 34 by its three piezoelectric actuating elements 32, each distributed around 120.
- Appropriate electrical length control of all piezoelectric actuating elements 33 of the two 3-point bearings 34 enables the work spindle 20 or its tool 35 either from the 32 shift the position in parallel by an amount ⁇ r or tilt it. Due to the spherical adjustability, wobble errors of the work spindle 30 can be compensated for.
- piezoelectric adjusting elements 44 which act in the Y direction, are arranged between the base support 41 and the guides 42 for the slide unit described in FIG. 1 and a workpiece table 43.
- the workpieces to be machined with the tool 45 in the work spindle 46 are located on the workpiece table 43.
- the transmission of vibrations of the base support 41 to the tool can be damped or eliminated by correspondingly rapid length control ⁇ Y of the actuating elements 44.
- ⁇ Y rapid length control
- the forces acting on the guide 42 change, which can lead to geometrical deviations.
- the adjusting elements 44 provided under the guides 42 e.g. Resilience of the carriage unit is compensated for and the non-constant rigidity of the carriage unit is compensated for depending on its respective position.
- At least one electrically controlled piezoelectric actuating element (11) is provided as the position correction device, in particular for a work spindle (4) of the machining unit (3). If a change in position is detected, the processing unit can be quickly mechanically moved into its respective target position.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
- Machine Tool Units (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99964391A EP1140423A2 (de) | 1998-12-22 | 1999-12-03 | Werkzeugmaschine mit piezoelektrischer positionskorrektureinrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19859360A DE19859360C2 (de) | 1998-12-22 | 1998-12-22 | Werkzeugmaschine mit piezoelektrischer Positionskorrektureinrichtung |
DE19859360.0 | 1998-12-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000037213A2 true WO2000037213A2 (de) | 2000-06-29 |
WO2000037213A3 WO2000037213A3 (de) | 2000-10-26 |
WO2000037213B1 WO2000037213B1 (de) | 2000-12-07 |
Family
ID=7892186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1999/003872 WO2000037213A2 (de) | 1998-12-22 | 1999-12-03 | Werkzeugmaschine mit piezoelektrischer positionskorrektureinrichtung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1140423A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19859360C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000037213A2 (de) |
Cited By (5)
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JP2010507489A (ja) * | 2006-10-23 | 2010-03-11 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 工作機械 |
DE102017128099A1 (de) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-29 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Werkstückträgervorrichtung |
WO2020107046A1 (de) | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | Fill Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Werkzeugmaschine mit einem ersten werkstücktisch und einem zweiten werkstücktisch |
EP3715051A2 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-09-30 | Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Werkzeugmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der werkzeugmaschine |
EP3778118A1 (de) | 2017-05-18 | 2021-02-17 | Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Werkzeugmaschine mit zwei arbeitsspindeln |
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DE10126039C2 (de) * | 2001-05-21 | 2003-03-27 | Univ Dresden Tech | Einrichtung zur Feinzustellung eines Drehmeißels |
DE60127873T2 (de) * | 2001-12-10 | 2008-01-17 | Sascha Mantovani | Werkzeugmaschine mit durch stangen, deren länge durch magnetostriktion veränderlich ist, festgelegtem bearbeitungskopf |
DE10240700A1 (de) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-25 | Leitz Messtechnik Gmbh | Koordinatenmessgerät sowie Verfahren zur Rundheitsmessung an einem Werkstück mit diesem Koordinatenmessgerät |
DE10329402A1 (de) | 2003-06-28 | 2005-01-13 | Witzig & Frank Gmbh | Werkzeugmaschine |
DE10343320A1 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2005-04-14 | Chiron-Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Werkzeugmaschine mit zwei Spindelgehäusen und Stellvorrichtung für die Lage der Spindelgehäuse zueinander |
US7544025B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2009-06-09 | Cross Hüller GmbH | Double-spindle machine tool |
EP1693147A1 (de) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-23 | Cross Hüller GmbH | Doppelspindel-Werkzeugmaschine mit zwei Werkstückhaltern von denen einer verstellbar ist |
DE102006028972A1 (de) | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-20 | Chiron-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Spindeleinheit mit im Betrieb verstellbarer Arbeitsspindel |
DE102006035248B4 (de) * | 2006-07-26 | 2013-08-29 | Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Temperaturkompensationsverfahren |
US8150545B2 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2012-04-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Position-dependent compliance compensation in a machine tool |
DE102006049774A1 (de) * | 2006-10-21 | 2008-04-24 | Schaeffler Kg | Längenkompensationseinheit, insbesondere für eine Werkzeugmaschine |
DE102007026562B4 (de) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-08-26 | Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Schleifzentrum und Verfahren zum gleichzeitigen Schleifen mehrerer Lager von Kurbelwellen |
DE102008058161A1 (de) | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Ex-Cell-O Gmbh | Werkzeugmaschine mit schwimmend gelagerter Trägereinrichtung |
DE102009031428A1 (de) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina Zu Braunschweig | Werkzeugaufnahme |
DE102010027116A1 (de) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Werkzeugmaschine und Verfahren zum Fertigbearbeiten eines Bauteils |
AT512526B1 (de) * | 2012-02-02 | 2013-09-15 | Hpc Produktions Gmbh | Positionsausgleichsvorrichtung in einer werkzeugmaschine |
AT512802B1 (de) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-02-15 | Anger Machining Gmbh | Positionsausgleichssystem in einem Transferzentrum zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Werkstücken |
DE102013110054A1 (de) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-12 | Elha-Maschinenbau Liemke Kg | Spindelkopf einer Werkzeugmaschine |
DE102014223101A1 (de) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-12 | Supfina Grieshaber Gmbh & Co. Kg | Werkzeugmaschineneinheit zur Ausrichtung eines Werkzeugs oder eines Werkstücks |
DE102017105257A1 (de) | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Spannmittelanordnung für eine Werkzeugmaschine sowie Werkzeugmaschine mit der Spannmittelanordnung |
DE102018122765A1 (de) | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-19 | Chiron-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Ausrichtung einer Spindel und Werkzeugmaschine |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010507489A (ja) * | 2006-10-23 | 2010-03-11 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 工作機械 |
EP3778118A1 (de) | 2017-05-18 | 2021-02-17 | Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Werkzeugmaschine mit zwei arbeitsspindeln |
DE102017128099A1 (de) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-29 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Werkstückträgervorrichtung |
WO2020107046A1 (de) | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | Fill Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Werkzeugmaschine mit einem ersten werkstücktisch und einem zweiten werkstücktisch |
AT521951A4 (de) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-07-15 | Fill Gmbh | Werkzeugmaschine |
AT521951B1 (de) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-07-15 | Fill Gmbh | Werkzeugmaschine |
EP3715051A2 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-09-30 | Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Werkzeugmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der werkzeugmaschine |
EP3943239A1 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-26 | Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Werkzeugmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der werkzeugmaschine |
WO2022018217A1 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-27 | Fill Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Werkzeugmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der werkzeugmaschine |
EP4234161A1 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2023-08-30 | Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Werkzeugmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der werkzeugmaschine |
EP4385653A2 (de) | 2020-07-24 | 2024-06-19 | Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Werkzeugmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der werkzeugmaschine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2000037213A3 (de) | 2000-10-26 |
WO2000037213B1 (de) | 2000-12-07 |
DE19859360A1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
EP1140423A2 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
DE19859360C2 (de) | 2003-07-17 |
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