WO1995008852A1 - Organic electrolyte cell - Google Patents
Organic electrolyte cell Download PDFInfo
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- WO1995008852A1 WO1995008852A1 PCT/JP1994/001557 JP9401557W WO9508852A1 WO 1995008852 A1 WO1995008852 A1 WO 1995008852A1 JP 9401557 W JP9401557 W JP 9401557W WO 9508852 A1 WO9508852 A1 WO 9508852A1
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium
- pas
- battery
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insoluble and infusible substrate having a polyacene-based skeleton structure for a negative electrode and a high-capacity and high-voltage organic electrolyte battery using a metal oxide for a positive electrode.
- This battery is a so-called rocking chair type battery in which lithium is supplied from the lithium-containing metal oxide of the positive electrode to the negative electrode by charging after the battery is assembled, and lithium is returned to the positive electrode in discharging.
- the battery is characterized by high voltage and high capacity, its capacity is about 80-9 OmAh / cc (based on the total volume of electrodes, separators, and current collectors). A certain high energy density has not been obtained.
- an insoluble infusible substrate having a polyacene skeleton structure in which an aromatic condensation polymer is heat-treated and has an atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms of 0.5 to 0.05 has a larger amount of lithium than a general carbon material.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery having a high capacity and a high voltage.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery which can be charged and discharged for a long period of time and is excellent in safety.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery which is easy to manufacture. Further objects of the present invention will become clear from the following description.
- the present inventors use a metal oxide for the positive electrode, an insoluble and infusible substrate having a polyacene skeleton structure for the negative electrode, and adjust the amount of lithium in the battery appropriately. Control was important.
- an organic electrolyte battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a non-protonic organic solvent as an electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode contains a metal oxide
- the negative electrode is an insoluble infusible substrate (hereinafter PAS) having a polyacene skeleton structure in which the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms and Z carbon atoms is 0.5 to 0.05, which is a heat-treated product of an aromatic condensation polymer,
- PAS insoluble infusible substrate
- the total amount of lithium contained in the battery is 500 mAhZg or more with respect to the negative electrode PAS, and the negative electrode-derived lithium is 100 mA. h Z g or more,
- the aromatic condensation polymer in the present invention is a condensate of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound and an aldehyde.
- aromatic hydrocarbon compound examples include so-called phenols such as phenol, cresol, and xylenol.
- x and y are each independently 0, 1 or 2 or methylene bisphenols, or hydroxy biphenyls, hydroxynaphthalenes Can also be Of these, phenols, particularly phenol, are practically preferred.
- aromatic condensation polymer in the present invention one part of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group is replaced with an aromatic hydrocarbon compound having no phenolic hydroxyl group, for example, xylene, toluene, and aniline.
- a substituted modified aromatic condensation polymer such as a condensate of phenol, xylene and formaldehyde can be used, and a modified aromatic polymer substituted with melamine or urea can also be used.
- Furan resins are also suitable.
- aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetoaldehyde, and furfural can be used, but formaldehyde is preferable.
- the phenol formaldehyde condensate may be any of a novolak type, a resolu type or a mixture thereof.
- the insoluble and infusible substrate in the present invention is obtained by heat-treating the aromatic polymer, and is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 44212 (US Pat. No. 4,601,849, EP67444) and Japanese Patent Publication No. No. 24024 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,615,960, EP 149497) can use any insoluble infusible substrate having a polyacene skeleton structure. You can also.
- HZC An insoluble infusible substrate having an atomic ratio of carbon atoms
- an insoluble infusible substrate having a specific surface area of 600 m 2 Zg or more by the BET method is obtained by a method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-24024 (US Pat. No. 4,615,960, EP 149497).
- a solution containing an initial condensation product of an aromatic condensation polymer and an inorganic salt such as zinc chloride is prepared, and the solution is heated and cured in a mold.
- the cured product thus obtained is gradually heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (including vacuum) to a temperature of 350 ° C to 800 ° C, preferably to an appropriate temperature of 400 ° C to 750 ° C.
- the substrate is sufficiently washed with water or diluted hydrochloric acid to obtain an insoluble infusible substrate having the above HZC and a specific surface area of, for example, 600 m 2 Zg or more by a BET method.
- the insoluble infusible substrate used in the present invention X-ray diffraction (according to CuKc, the position of the main peak exists at 24 ° or less as represented by 20, and in addition to the main peak, 41 to 46 °) There are other peaks in between. That is, it is suggested that the insoluble and infusible substrate has a polyacene-based skeleton structure in which an aromatic polycyclic structure is appropriately developed and has an amorphous structure.- It is useful as a battery active material because lithium can be stably doped. Is
- HZC exceeds 0.50, doping and undoping of lithium cannot be performed smoothly because the aromatic polycyclic structure is not sufficiently developed, and charging / discharging efficiency decreases when batteries are assembled. I do.
- HZC is 0.05 or less, the capacity of the battery of the present invention is unpreferably reduced.
- the negative electrode of the present invention is composed of the above-described insoluble and infusible substrate (hereinafter referred to as PAS).
- PAS 10 which is in a form that is easy to mold such as powder, granules, and short fibers, and is molded with a binder.
- a fluorine-based binder is preferable. Further, a fluorine-based binder having an atomic ratio of fluorine atoms to carbon atoms (hereinafter, referred to as FZC) of less than 1.5 and not less than 0.75 is preferable, and particularly, the atomic ratio of FZC is 1. is A fluorine-containing polymer binder having a value of less than 3 and not less than 0.75 is preferred.
- FZC fluorine-based binder having an atomic ratio of fluorine atoms to carbon atoms
- fluorine-based binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, propylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and the like. Fluorine-containing polymers in which hydrogen in the main chain has been substituted with an alkyl group can also be used.
- the FZC is 1.
- the FZC is 1.25, 1.1 when the mole fraction of vinylidene fluoride is 50% and 80%, respectively.
- the propylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer when the propylene mole fraction is 50%, the F / C becomes 0.75.
- polyfluoride A vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer having a molar fraction of vinylidene and vinylidene fluoride of 50% or more is preferred, and polyvinylidene fluoride is practically preferred.
- the doping capacity (capacity) of lithium possessed by PAS can be sufficiently utilized.
- the positive electrode of the organic electrolyte battery of the present invention for example, L i xC o 0 2, L i xN i 0 2, L i xM n 0 2, L i xF e 0 2 such as L i xMyOz (M multiple A metal capable of taking a valence, or two or more kinds of metals), a lithium-containing metal oxide capable of electrochemically doping or undoping lithium, or a metal such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, etc.
- Use transition metal oxide Particularly, a lithium-containing oxide having a voltage of 4 V or more with respect to lithium metal is preferable. Among them, lithium-containing cobalt oxide and lithium-containing nickel oxide are preferable.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention is formed by adding the above-mentioned metal oxide and, if necessary, a conductive material and a binder, and the type and composition of the conductive material and the binder may be appropriately set.
- the type of the conductive agent may be a metal powder such as metallic nickel, but for example, a carbon-based material such as activated carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, and graphite is particularly preferable.
- the mixing ratio varies depending on the electric conductivity of the active material, the shape of the electrode, and the like, but it is appropriate to add 2 to 40% to the active material.
- the type of the binder may be any as long as it is insoluble in the electrolytic solution used in the present invention described later, and examples thereof include a rubber-based binder such as SBR, a fluorinated resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and the like.
- Thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene are preferable, and the mixing ratio is 20% or less. It is preferred to be below.
- the electrode shape of the positive electrode and the negative electrode used in the present invention can take various shapes such as a plate shape, a film shape, a column shape, or a shape formed on a metal foil, depending on a target battery.
- a material in which a positive electrode or a negative electrode is formed in a film shape or a plate shape on a metal foil is preferable as a current collector integrated electrode because it can be applied to various batteries.
- the battery of the present invention can greatly improve the capacity as compared with a conventional battery by using the above-mentioned PAC for the negative electrode and appropriately controlling the amount of lithium contained in the battery.
- the total amount of lithium in the battery is the total of lithium derived from the positive electrode, lithium derived from the electrolyte, and lithium derived from the negative electrode.
- the lithium derived from the positive electrode is lithium contained in the positive electrode at the time of battery assembly, and part or all of the lithium is supplied to the negative electrode by an operation of passing current from an external circuit (charging or the like).
- the lithium derived from the electrolyte is lithium in the electrolyte contained in the separator, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the like.
- the negative electrode-derived lithium is lithium carried on the negative electrode PAS of the present invention (lithium other than lithium derived from the positive electrode and lithium derived from the electrolyte).
- the method of supporting lithium on the negative electrode PAS is not particularly limited.For example, a method of preliminarily doping lithium PAS with lithium in an electrochemical cell having lithium metal as a counter electrode before assembling a battery, and then assembling a battery. A method of attaching lithium metal to the negative electrode PAS in a battery by attaching the negative electrode to the negative electrode PAS and dropping lithium into the PAS in the battery is used.
- the total amount of lithium in the battery is at least 500 mAhZg, preferably at least 60 OmAhZg,
- the lithium derived from the negative electrode in the present invention is at least 100 mAh / g, preferably at least 15 OmAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS, and when less than 100 mAhZg, the total lithium amount is at least 50 OmAh / g with respect to the negative electrode PAS. Even if it does, a sufficient capacity cannot be obtained.
- the lithium derived from the positive electrode and the lithium derived from the electrolyte may satisfy the above conditions, but the lithium derived from the positive electrode is at least 30 OmAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS. It is preferably at least 30 OmAh per gram of AS.
- a non-protonic organic solvent is used as a solvent constituting the electrolytic solution used in the present invention.
- the nonprotonic organic solvent include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, getyl carbonate, a-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolan, methylene chloride, sulfolane and the like. Further, a mixture of two or more of these non-protonic organic solvents can also be used.
- the electrolyte mixed or dissolved in a single solvent may be any electrolyte capable of producing lithium ions.
- electrolytes include, for example L i I, L i C 10 4, L i As F 6, L i BF 4, L i PF 6, or include L i HF 2 or the like.
- the above electrolyte and solvent are mixed in a sufficiently dehydrated state to form an electrolyte.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte should be at least 0.1 mol or more in order to reduce the internal resistance due to the electrolyte. It is preferably, and more preferably, 0.2 to 1.5 moles.
- a current collector for extracting a current outside the battery for example, carbon, platinum, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, or the like can be used.
- an electrode may be used. By being formed on a current collector, it can be used as a current collector-integrated electrode.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a basic configuration of a battery according to the present invention.
- (1) is the positive electrode
- (2) is the positive electrode
- (2) is a negative electrode.
- (3) and (3 ') are current collectors, which are connected to each electrode and the external terminals (7) and (7') so as not to cause a voltage drop.
- (4) is an electrolytic solution in which the above-mentioned compound capable of generating ions that can be doped is dissolved in a non-protonic organic solvent.
- the electrolyte is usually liquid, but may be used in the form of gel or solid to prevent liquid leakage.
- (5) is a separator arranged to prevent contact between the positive and negative electrodes and to hold the electrolyte.
- the separator is a non-electroconductive porous body having a continuous air hole that is durable with respect to an electrolyte solution or an electrode active material, and is usually made of glass fiber, polyethylene or polypropylene cloth, A nonwoven fabric or a porous body is used.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably thin in order to reduce the internal resistance of the battery, but is determined in consideration of the amount of retained electrolyte, flowability, strength, and the like.
- the positive and negative electrodes and the separator are fixed in the battery case (6) so that there is no practical problem.
- the shape and size of the electrode depends on the shape and properties of the target battery. It is determined appropriately depending on the function.
- the shape of the battery according to the present invention includes a coin shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a box shape, and the like satisfying the above basic configuration, and the shape is not particularly limited.
- the features and advantages of the organic electrolyte battery of the present invention are that PAS is used for the negative electrode, metal oxide is used for the positive electrode, and both the amount of lithium in the battery and the amount of lithium derived from the negative electrode PAS are appropriately controlled. It is a high capacity and high voltage battery.
- the basic features of the organic electrolyte battery of the present invention are, as described above, that the total amount of lithium contained in the battery is set to 5 OOmAhZg or more,
- the battery of the present invention can be controlled by appropriately controlling the amount of lithium contained in the battery and controlling the pore structure of PAS used for the negative electrode as described below.
- the capacity can be greatly improved compared to the battery of the above.
- the amount of nitrogen gas adsorbed on the PAS in the present invention can be measured as follows. That is, the average particle size of 15 111 crushed by a disk mill? 0.035 g of AS powder is placed in a sample cell of a constant volume apparatus (Yuasa Ionics, Auto Soap-1), and nitrogen gas is adsorbed at a liquid nitrogen temperature of 77 ° K. From the obtained adsorption isotherm, plot the amount of adsorbed gas (ccZg) against the adsorbed gas layer thickness t (A). The following equation (1) is used as t (A).
- the pore structure of PAS used for the negative electrode is determined by the above nitrogen adsorption isotherm, and the amount of adsorbed gas at a nitrogen adsorption thickness of 1 OA is 100 cc / g or less, particularly 80 ccZg or less. It is preferable to perform such control.
- the total amount of lithium in the battery is not less than 500 mAh / g, preferably not less than 600 mAh / g with respect to the negative electrode PAS, and if it is less than 50 OmAhZg, sufficient capacity cannot be obtained.
- the amount of lithium derived from the negative electrode is 10 OmAhZg or more, preferably 15 OmAhZg or more with respect to the negative electrode PAS, and when the amount is less than 100 mAh / g, even if the total lithium amount is 50 OmAhZg or more with respect to the negative electrode PAS. Even if it does, a sufficient capacity cannot be obtained.
- the lithium derived from the positive electrode and the lithium derived from the electrolytic solution in the present invention may satisfy the above conditions, but it is preferable that the lithium derived from the positive electrode is at least 30 OmAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS.
- a heat-treated product of an aromatic condensation polymer which is a powder of an insoluble and infusible substrate (hereinafter referred to as PAS) having a polyacene skeleton structure in which the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms is 0.5 to 0.05
- PAS insoluble and infusible substrate
- the negative electrode of the present invention is a molded product of the insoluble and infusible substrate (PAS) powder, which is obtained by molding a PAS powder having a powdery or granular shape, which is easily molded, with a binder.
- PAS insoluble and infusible substrate
- the average particle size of the PAS of the powder is 20 ⁇ m or less, and when the 50% size is 2 a / zm, particles having a particle size of 1 a Particles having a volume ratio of 10% or more and particles having a particle size of 4 a / zm or more are 10% or more by volume relative to the whole, and more preferably, when 50% diameter is 2 am, 1 Particles having a particle size of a / m or less are at least 20% by volume to the whole, and particles having a particle size of 4a or more are at least 10% by volume to the whole, particularly Like
- the 50% diameter is set to 2 a ⁇ m
- particles having a particle size of 1 am or less are 20% or more in volume ratio to the whole and particles having a particle size of 4 am or more Those having a volume ratio of 20% or more with respect to the whole are advantageous.
- the granules have a wide particle size distribution and the average particle size does not exceed 20 m in order to obtain a high-capacity battery.
- the resulting battery will have a low capacity, which is not preferable.
- the average particle diameter is a volume average diameter
- the 50% diameter is a particle diameter corresponding to 50% of an integrated distribution curve
- the PAS of the powder is, for example, heat-treating a molded article of an aromatic polymer.
- the resulting insoluble and infusible substrate can be obtained by grinding.
- the pulverizing method is not particularly limited, but it is efficient to use a pulverizer having both a pulverizing mechanism of impact and friction, for example, a ball mill such as a pot mill or a vibrating mill. In some cases, it can also be obtained by classifying the obtained powder, or by mixing two or more PAS powders having different particle size distributions.
- the binder used in the negative electrode of the present invention is preferably a fluorine-based binder, and more preferably has an atomic ratio of fluorine atoms and carbon atoms (hereinafter, referred to as F / C) of less than 1.5.
- F / C atomic ratio of fluorine atoms and carbon atoms
- the above-mentioned fluorine-based binders are preferred, and in particular, less than 1.3 and 0.75 or more fluorine-based binders are preferred.
- fluorine-based binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, propylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and the like.
- a fluorinated polymer in which hydrogen in the chain is substituted with an alkyl group can also be used.
- the negative electrode of the present invention is obtained by molding the PAS powder with a binder, and the porosity of the negative electrode is determined by impregnating propylene carbonate at 25 ° C. It is preferably 40% or less. When the porosity exceeds 40%, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient capacity when a battery is used, even if the particle size of PAS is controlled as described above.
- the porosity of the negative electrode used in the present invention is preferably 40% or less as described above, but according to the experience of the present inventors, unexpectedly, the porosity of the negative electrode was about 25%. A high capacity battery can also be obtained. In light of this fact, It is considered that the porosity of the negative electrode may be about 20%.
- the negative electrode is a heat-treated product of an aromatic condensed polymer, and an insoluble infusible substrate (PAS) having a polyacene skeleton structure in which the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms / carbon atoms is 0.5 to 0.05 is prepared by using a thermoplastic binder to form a metal. After being molded on a foil, it is preferable to heat-treat it at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic binder.
- PAS insoluble infusible substrate
- thermoplastic binder a fluorine-containing polymer binder, particularly a fluorine-containing polymer having an atomic ratio of fluorine atoms and carbon atoms of less than 1.5 to 0.75 or more, particularly polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable.
- the lithium doping ability (capacity) of PAS can be sufficiently utilized.
- the method of the heat treatment is not particularly limited. It is preferable to carry out in a temperature range higher than C to 100 ° C. If heat treatment is not performed, for example, if a negative electrode PAS formed on a metal foil is preliminarily doped with lithium in an electrochemical cell using lithium metal as a counter electrode and then a battery is assembled, the bending strength of the electrode will be weak. The electrodes are likely to peel off, and the internal resistance of the assembled battery will increase, making it difficult to obtain sufficient capacity.
- an insoluble and infusible substrate having a polyacene-based skeleton structure is used as a thermoplastic binder, preferably a fluorine-containing polymer binder.
- a thermoplastic binder preferably a fluorine-containing polymer binder.
- the above-mentioned fluorinated polymer, and a solvent or a dispersion medium are sufficiently mixed and molded.
- the proportion of the fluorinated polymer varies depending on the shape and particle size of the insoluble infusible substrate, the intended strength and shape of the electrode, etc., but is preferably 2% to 50% by weight relative to the insoluble infusible substrate.
- the solvent is preferably 5% to 30%.
- the viscosity of the mixture can be controlled by the amount of the solvent.
- the mixture adjusted to a high viscosity is formed into a sheet shape using a roller or the like, or the mixed slurry adjusted to a low viscosity is coated on a metal foil.
- an ultrathin electrode of, for example, 100 / m or less can be obtained.
- the coating molding method is preferable.
- the shape of the positive electrode and the negative electrode used in the present invention can be various shapes such as a plate shape, a film shape, a cylindrical shape, or formed on a metal foil depending on a target battery. Those formed on a foil are preferable as a current collector-body electrode because they can be applied to various batteries.
- the negative electrode is a heat-treated aromatic condensation polymer and has a polyacene skeleton structure in which the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms is 0.5 to 0.05.
- Insoluble and infusible substrate (PAS) PAS
- the total amount of lithium contained in the battery with respect to the negative electrode PAS is 50 Om AhZg or more, and the lithium derived from the negative electrode is 10 OmAhZg or more, and
- the negative electrode-derived lithium in the present invention is lithium supported on the negative electrode PAS of the present invention (lithium derived from the positive electrode, lithium derived from the electrolyte solution).
- the method of supporting lithium on the negative electrode PAS is not particularly limited as long as lithium can be supported on the negative electrode PAS in advance before assembling a battery.
- a constant current or applying a constant is voltage in the electrochemical cell described above lithium can be previously supported on the negative electrode PAS.
- the negative electrode PAS and the lithium metal are conducted in the battery by a method such as attaching lithium metal to the negative electrode PAS. It is not preferable to use a method such as doping AS because not only does the capacity of a practical battery decrease, but the internal resistance of the battery also increases.
- the total amount of lithium in the battery is advantageously at least 50 OmAhZg, preferably at least 600 mAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS, and when the total lithium content is less than 50 OmAhZg, the capacity is sufficient. I can't get it.
- the lithium derived from the negative electrode is 100 mAh / g or more, preferably 15 OmAhZg or more with respect to the negative electrode PAS, and when less than 10 OmAh / g, even if the total lithium amount is 50 OmA Even if hZg or more, sufficient capacity cannot be obtained.
- a lithium-containing oxide is used for the positive electrode, as described above, it is practical to make the lithium from the negative electrode 60 OmAhZg or less with respect to the negative electrode PAS.
- the lithium derived from the positive electrode and the lithium derived from the electrolyte in the present invention may satisfy the above conditions, but the lithium derived from the positive electrode is preferably 3 to 0 OmAh / g or more with respect to the negative electrode PAS.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the basic configuration of the battery according to the present invention.
- (1) is the positive electrode
- (2) is the negative electrode.
- (3) and (3 ') are current collectors, and the electrodes are formed on the current collectors.
- the lead terminals (10) and (10 ') 5 are connected to the current collector so as not to cause a voltage drop, and one end is connected to the battery case (6) and the top lid (9).
- (5) is a separator impregnated with an electrolytic solution, in which the aforementioned compound capable of generating ions that can be doped is dissolved in a non-protonic organic solvent.
- the electrolyte is usually in a liquid state and is impregnated in the separator.
- the electrolyte may be used in the form of a gel or a solid without the separator 0 to prevent liquid leakage.
- (8) is an insulating packing arranged to prevent contact between the positive and negative electrodes (battery case and top lid).
- the separator is a porous body having no durable electron-conducting pores with respect to an electrolyte solution or an electrode active material, and is usually made of glass fiber, polystyrene, or the like. A cloth, non-woven fabric or porous body made of ethylene or polypropylene is used.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably thin in order to reduce the internal resistance of the battery, but is determined in consideration of the amount of retained electrolyte, flowability, strength, and the like.
- the positive and negative electrodes and the separator are fixed in the battery case (6) so that there is no practical problem.
- the shape, size, and the like of the electrode are appropriately determined depending on the shape and performance of the intended battery.
- the shape of the battery of the present invention is not limited to the cylindrical shape as exemplified above, but includes a coin shape, a square shape, a box shape and the like, and the shape is not particularly limited.
- the non-protonic organic solvent solution of a lithium salt is provided as the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode contains a metal oxide
- the negative electrode is a heat-treated product of an aromatic condensation polymer, and includes an insoluble infusible substrate (PAS) having a polyacene skeleton structure in which the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms is 0.5 to 0.05,
- PAS insoluble infusible substrate
- the total amount of lithium contained in the battery is 500 mAhZg or more, and the lithium derived from the negative electrode is 1 O OmAhZg or more.
- lithium derived from the negative electrode be electrochemically supported by applying a potential equal to or lower than the potential of the Li metal to the negative electrode.
- the total amount of lithium in the battery is the total of lithium derived from the positive electrode, lithium derived from the electrolyte, and lithium derived from the negative electrode.
- the lithium derived from the positive electrode is lithium contained in the positive electrode when the battery is assembled, and part or all of the lithium is supplied to the negative electrode by an operation of passing current from an external circuit (such as charging).
- the lithium derived from the electrolyte is lithium in the electrolyte contained in the separator, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, etc.
- the lithium derived from the negative electrode is lithium supported on the negative electrode PAS of the present invention (lithium other than lithium derived from the positive electrode and lithium derived from the electrolyte).
- the method of supporting lithium on the negative electrode PAS is performed by, for example, using an electrochemical cell having lithium metal as a counter electrode before assembling the battery.
- Lithium can be loaded on the negative electrode PAS in advance by energizing 10 currents, applying a constant voltage, or a combination thereof.
- the voltage to be applied varies depending on the target amount of lithium derived from the negative electrode, the PAS, the type and shape of the electrode, the type and shape of the electrolytic cell, and is preferably from OmV to 100 OmV with respect to the lithium metal potential. More preferably, the range is from 10 mV to 300 mV. It is important to select a voltage that is low enough to prevent lithium metal from being electrodeposited.In some cases, lithium is initially supported at a potential lower than the lithium metal potential, and is gradually increased. It is also possible to raise the voltage at the end and finally terminate at a positive potential, or to carry it at a positive potential at first and then carry it at a potential lower than the lithium metal potential.
- the total amount of lithium in the battery is 500 m with respect to the negative electrode PAS. If it is AhZg or more, preferably 60 OmAhZg or more, and if it is less than 500 mAh, sufficient capacity cannot be obtained.
- the lithium derived from the negative electrode in the present invention is at least 100 mAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS, preferably at least 15 OmAh / g, and when less than 10 OmAhZg, the total lithium amount is at least 50 OmAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS. Even if not enough capacity is obtained.
- lithium derived from the negative electrode is at least 100 mAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS, preferably at least 15 OmAh / g, and when less than 10 OmAhZg, the total lithium amount is at least 50 OmAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS. Even if not enough capacity is obtained.
- lithium derived from the negative electrode is
- the lithium derived from the positive electrode and the lithium derived from the electrolytic solution in the present invention may satisfy the above conditions, but it is preferable that the lithium derived from the positive electrode is at least 30 OmAhZg with respect to the negative electrode PAS.
- the lithium derived from the negative electrode described in (4) when the lithium derived from the negative electrode described in (4) is previously supported on the PAS before the battery is assembled, the lithium derived from the negative electrode is electrochemically formed using a solution of a lithium salt in a cyclic carbonate solvent. It is particularly preferable to carry them.
- the lithium salt for example, a L i C 10 4, L i As F 6, L i BF 4, L i PF 6 such electrolytes capable of forming lithium ions, and the cyclic carbonate solvent, ethylene carbonate
- a single solvent such as propylene carbonate or a mixture of two or more solvents can be used.
- the above electrolyte and solvent are mixed in a sufficiently dehydrated state to form an electrolyte, but the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte is at least 0.1 mol / or more to reduce the internal resistance due to the electrolyte.
- the amount is usually 0.2 to 1.5 mol ⁇ .
- Lithium in the negative electrode PAS in advance there is no particular limitation as long as it can support the battery.For example, by applying a constant current or applying a constant voltage in an electrochemical cell using the above-mentioned electrolyte and lithium metal as a counter electrode. However, lithium can be previously supported on the negative electrode PAS.
- an organic electrolyte battery which is easy to manufacture and can be used as a secondary battery having a high capacity and a high voltage is provided. Further, the organic electrolyte battery of the present invention provides a secondary battery which can be charged and discharged for a long period of time and is excellent in safety.
- a secondary battery having a particularly high capacity is provided.
- third and fourth preferred aspects of the present invention are advantageous because they provide a secondary battery having a low internal resistance and a high capacity.
- the fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention has an advantage that the high capacity and high voltage secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured more easily.
- the present invention will be described with reference to examples. However, the following examples are for specifically explaining aspects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited or restricted to the following examples.
- FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings The basic configuration of the battery according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings is as follows.
- the basic configuration of the battery according to the present invention shown in FIG. 2 is as follows.
- a 0.5 mm thick phenol-formaldehyde resin molded plate is placed in a silicon-nit electric furnace, heated at a rate of 10 ° C / hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, heat-treated to 650 ° C, and the insoluble infusible substrate ( PAS) was synthesized.
- the PAS plate thus obtained was pulverized with a disk mill to obtain a PAS powder having an average particle size of 15 ⁇ m.
- the HZC ratio was 0.22.
- L i C 00 2 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, Inc. 100 parts, against the graph eye bets 5 parts, 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder N, N-dimethylformamide was dissolved Ami de 90 parts by weight of solution 50 parts by weight A slurry was obtained by thorough mixing. The slurry was applied on a 20- ⁇ m thick anode foil (positive electrode current collector) using an applicator, dried and pressed to obtain a 150-thick positive electrode 1.
- the negative electrode was a lithium as a counter electrode, propylene carbonate and Jechiruka one Boneto the electrolytic solution 1: 1 (the weight ratio) mixture, a solution obtained by dissolving i PF 6 to 1 mole Z £ concentration, a constant current (one (The current is set so that the anode PAS carries 3 OmAh / g of lithium per hour.)
- the anode PAS is doped with 15 OmAhZg and 20 OmAh / g. Lithium from the negative electrode).
- the negative electrodes were 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
- a positive electrode having a thickness of 100 m and 200 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 ( positive electrodes 2 and 3 respectively).
- a battery was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the negative electrode 2, and the volume capacity was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- a positive electrode 4 having a thickness of 260 m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a negative electrode 4 on which lithium was not previously supported was used.
- Positive electrode 1, 3, 4 and negative electrode 4 Table 3 shows the results of evaluating the volume capacity by assembling a battery in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 the negative electrode 5 was obtained by setting the amount of lithium to be supported in advance to 5 OmAh / g. A battery was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1 in combination with the positive electrode 1, and the volume capacity was evaluated. Table 4 shows the results.
- the xylene-modified novolak resin molded plate was placed in a siliconite electric furnace, heated at a rate of 10 ° C.Z in a nitrogen atmosphere, and heat-treated to 650 ° C. to synthesize an insoluble infusible substrate (hereinafter referred to as PAS).
- PAS insoluble infusible substrate
- the PAS plate thus obtained was pulverized with a disk mill to obtain a PAS powder having an average particle size of 15 / m.
- the HZC ratio was 0.22.
- the nitrogen adsorption thickness of the PAS powder was 29 cc / g for 10 persons.
- L i CO0 manufactured by Strem Co. 2 100 parts, against the graph eye bets 5 parts, 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder, New, sufficient solution 50 parts by weight dissolved in ⁇ - dimethylformamidine de 90 parts by weight To obtain a slurry.
- the slurry was applied on a 20- ⁇ m thick aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) using an applicator, dried and pressed to obtain a positive electrode 5 with a thickness of 165 / zm.
- the above-mentioned negative electrode has lithium as a counter electrode, and propylene carbonate is used as an electrolytic solution.
- Bok 1 1 (weight ratio) mixed solution was used a solution prepared by dissolving L i PF 6 to 1 mol / concentration.
- Table 5 shows the total lithium content for the negative electrode PAS in the battery. Charged to the battery voltage at a constant current of 0.25 MAZ cm 2 in the battery becomes 4.3 V, followed by battery voltage 0.25 MAZ cm 2 constant current was discharged to 2.5 V. This cycle of 4.3 V to 2.5 V was repeated, and the discharge was evaluated at the 3 isth discharge by the volume capacity (mAhZc c). As the volume standard, the total of the electrode volume, the separator volume, and the current collector volume was used. Table 5 shows the results. Table 5
- Example 3 the composition of the PAS raw material was changed to 30 parts by weight of xylene resin, 70 parts by weight of novolak, 10 parts by weight of xylene resin, and 90 parts by weight of novolak. These negative electrodes were doped with 30 OmAh / g of lithium per PAS and supported to form negative electrodes 9 and 10, respectively.
- a battery was assembled in the same manner as in Example 3, and the volume capacity was evaluated. Table 6 shows the results.
- Example 3 the composition of the PAS raw material was changed to 30 parts by weight of a xylene resin and 70 parts by weight of a novolak, and used as the negative electrode.
- One of these negative electrodes was not loaded with lithium in advance, and the other was doped with and loaded with 50 mAhZg of lithium per negative electrode PAS to form negative electrodes 11 and 12, respectively.
- Example 3 the composition of the PAS raw material was 100 parts by weight of novolak and 10 parts by weight of hexamethylenetetramine, and only the powdered resin (“REGITOP” manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) was used as the raw material. A negative pole was created using the result. These negative electrodes were doped with 300 mAh // g of lithium per PAS and supported to form negative electrodes 13 and 14, respectively.
- Example 5 A 0.5-inch thick funor resin molded plate is placed in a silicon electric furnace, heated at a rate of 10 ° CZ under a nitrogen atmosphere, heat-treated to 650 ° C, and an insoluble infusible substrate (PAS) is formed. Synthesized. The HZC ratio was 0.22.
- the PAS powder having the particle size distribution shown in Table 9 (No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4) I got The particle size distribution was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer after dispersing the obtained powder in water using ultrasonic waves.
- L i C o 0 manufactured by Strem Co. 2 100 parts, with respect to the graph eye preparative 5 parts, Porifutsui spoon vinyl isopropylidene powder 10 parts by weight, N, and dissolve in 90 parts by weight N- dimethylformamide ⁇ Mi de solution
- a slurry was obtained by sufficiently mixing 50 parts by weight.
- the slurry was applied on an aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) having a thickness of 20 using an applicator, dried and pressed to obtain positive electrodes 6 and 7 having a thickness of 160 zm and 180 / zm.
- the negative electrode was a lithium as a counter electrode, propylene carbonate and Jefferies chill carbonate in the electrolytic solution 1: 1 (the weight ratio) mixture, a solution obtained by dissolving i PF 6 to a concentration of 1 mole / I, the constant current (one The current was set such that the anode PAS carried 3 OmAhZg of lithium per hour), and 300 mAhZg of lithium was doped and carried per anode PAS (lithium derived from the cathode).
- the above battery is charged at a constant current of 0.2 SmAZcm 2 until the battery voltage reaches 4.3 V, and then the battery voltage is 2.5 V at a constant current of 0.25 mA / cm 2 Discharged until.
- This cycle of 4.3 V to 2.5 V was repeated, and the third discharge was evaluated in terms of volume capacity (mAhZc c).
- volume standard the total of the electrode volume, the separator volume, and the current collector volume was used. The results are also shown in Table 10.
- PAS No. 2 of Example 5 thoroughly mix 100 parts by weight of PAS powder and 110 parts by weight of a solution obtained by dissolving 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder in 90 parts by weight of ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide. As a result, a slurry was obtained. The slurry was applied on a copper foil (negative electrode collector) having a thickness of 10 / zm using an applicator, and dried to obtain a PAS negative electrode having a thickness of 110 zm. The porosity of the negative electrode was determined by impregnating with propylene carbonate at 25 ° C. The porosity was 46%.
- a positive electrode having a thickness of 130 // m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- 30 OmAhZg of the lithium derived from the negative electrode was carried on the negative electrode in the same manner as in Example 5, and the same evaluation as in Example 5 was performed.
- the volume capacity is 131 mAh / g.
- a 0.5 mm thick funor resin molded plate is placed in a silicon electric furnace, heated at a rate of 10 ° C / hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, heat-treated to 650 ° C, and treated with an insoluble infusible substrate (PAS). ) was synthesized.
- the PAS plate thus obtained was pulverized with a pot mill to obtain an average particle size of about 3 / zm.
- the HZC ratio was 0.22.
- L i C o 0 2 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, Inc. 100 parts, against the graph eye bets 5 parts, 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder, N, solution 50 parts by weight was dissolved in N- dimethylformamidine de 90 parts by weight was thoroughly mixed to obtain a slurry.
- the slurry was coated on a 20-m thick aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) using an applicator, dried and pressed, and a 340 tz-thick positive electrode coated with Li CoO 2 on both sides was applied. Obtained.
- the negative electrode was a lithium as a counter electrode, propylene carbonate and Jefferies chill carbonate in the electrolytic solution 1: 1 (the weight ratio) mixture, using a 1 mol / ⁇ solution of i PF 6 on the concentration of a constant current (one The current was set so that the anode PAS carried 3 OmAhZg of lithium per hour) and the cathode PAS was doped with 300 mAhZg of lithium and carried. (Lithium from the negative electrode).
- the negative electrodes were 22, 23, 24, and 25, respectively. Using the positive electrode 1, the negative electrodes 22, 23, 24, and 25 (all 4 ⁇ 35 cm 2 ), a cylindrical battery as shown in FIG. 2 was assembled.
- a polypropylene separator having a thickness of 25 m was used.
- An aluminum terminal with a thickness of 150 mm and a width of 5 mm was used as the positive electrode terminal, and nickel with the same size as the positive electrode was used as the negative electrode terminal.
- propylene carbonate and Jefferies chill carbonate Natick I as the electrolytic solution 1: Using a solution of L i PF 6 to a concentration of 1 mole Z 1 (weight ratio) mixture.
- the total amount of lithium relative to the negative electrode PAS in the battery was 117 OmAhZg.
- the negative electrode 1 treated at 100 ° C. was used, the electrode was peeled off from the metal foil when the electrode was wound, and the battery did not become a battery.
- a positive electrode 2 having a thickness of 460 // m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7.
- the size of the positive electrode and the negative electrode was 4 ⁇ 30 cm 2 .
- Lithium derived from the negative electrode was used as OmAhZg and combined with negative electrodes 22, 23, 24, and 25, and a battery was assembled in the same manner as in Example 7, and the volume capacity was evaluated.
- the total amount of lithium relative to the negative electrode PAS in the battery was 109 OmAh / g. Table 15 shows the results.
- a 0.5 mm thick phenolic resin molded plate is placed in a silicon electric furnace, heated at a rate of 10 ° CZ under a nitrogen atmosphere, and heat-treated to 650 ° C to synthesize an insoluble infusible substrate (PAS). did.
- the PAS plate thus obtained was pulverized with a disk mill to obtain a PAS powder having an average particle size of about 15. 11 / / 0 ratio was 0.22.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 100 parts by weight of the above PAS powder and 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder in 90 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide was used.
- the slurry was obtained by sufficiently mixing the mixture with 0 parts by weight.
- the slurry was applied to a lO ⁇ m thick copper foil (negative electrode current collector) using an applicator, dried and pressed to obtain a PAS negative electrode having a thickness of 210 m with both sides coated with PAS. .
- L i C o0 2 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, Inc. 100 parts, against the graph eye bets 5 parts, New 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder, Nyu- dimethylformamide was dissolved in ⁇ Mi de 90 parts by weight solution 50 parts by weight was sufficiently mixed to obtain a slurry.
- the slurry was coated on an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ M with applique Isseki one (positive electrode collector), dried, pressed, the positive electrode of the L i Co 0 2 was coated thickness of 280 m on both sides Obtained.
- a cylindrical battery as shown in Figure 2 was assembled.
- a polypropylene separator having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used.
- An aluminum terminal with a thickness of 150 / m and a width of 5 mm was used as the positive electrode terminal, and a nigger of the same size as the positive electrode was used as the negative electrode terminal, which was attached to the end of the electrode.
- a 1: 1 (weight ratio) mixture of propylene carbonate and getyl carbonate was used.
- the total amount of lithium with respect to the negative electrode PAS in the battery was 1040 mA hZg.
- the above battery was charged at a constant current of 0.25 mAZcm 2 until the battery voltage reached 4.3 V, the internal resistance was measured, and then the battery was discharged at a constant current of 0.2 SmAZcm 2 until the battery voltage reached 2.5 V. This cycle of 4.3V-2.5V was repeated, and the third discharge was evaluated in terms of volume capacity (mAhZc c). As the volume standard, the total of the electrode volume, the separator volume, and the current collector volume was used. Table 16 shows the results.
- a positive electrode having a thickness of 380 / m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8.
- the size of the positive electrode and the negative electrode was 4 ⁇ 30 cm 2 .
- a battery was assembled in the same manner as in Example 8 using lithium derived from the negative electrode as OmAhZg, and the volume capacity was evaluated.
- the total amount of lithium relative to the negative electrode PAS in the battery was 101 OmA hZg. Table 16 shows the results.
- Example 8 30 OmAhZg of lithium metal (about 12 m) was attached to the negative electrode PAS, and two cylindrical batteries similar to those of Example 8 were assembled. After leaving at room temperature for 3 days, one was decomposed, and the lithium metal was completely gone. The volume capacity was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8. The total lithium content of this battery was 104 OmA hZg. Table 16 shows the results.
- Example 8 lithium metal (about 200 m) was attached to the negative electrode PAS, sandwiched between 2 mm-thick polypropylene plates, and lithium derived from the negative electrode was supported in the same electrolytic solution as in Example 1. Was. When the lithium metal was peeled off from the PAS negative electrode in about 40 minutes, 300 mAh Zg of lithium was doped. Thereafter, a cylindrical battery similar to that of Example 8 was assembled, and the volume capacity was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8. The total lithium content of this battery was 1040 mAhZg. The results are shown in Evaluation 16.
- Example 8 the lithium derived from the negative electrode was supported on the negative electrode PAS by short-circuiting the lithium metal (about 20 Q / m) and the negative electrode PAS. In about 35 minutes, 300mAh / g of lithium was doped. Thereafter, a cylindrical battery similar to that of Example 8 was assembled, and the volume capacity was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8. The total lithium content of this battery was 104 OmAhZg. Table 16 shows the results.
- a 0.5 mm-thick phenolic resin molded plate is placed in a silicon electric furnace, heated at a rate of 10 ° CZ under a nitrogen atmosphere, heat-treated to 650 ° C, and heated to 650 ° C. ) was synthesized.
- the PAS plate thus obtained was pulverized with a disk mill to obtain a PAS powder having an average particle size of about 15 m.
- the HZC ratio was 0.22.
- L i Co0 2 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, Inc. 100 parts, against the graph eye bets 5 parts, 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder, N, N-dimethylformamide was dissolved in ⁇ Mi de 90 parts by weight of the solution 50 parts by weight A slurry was obtained by thorough mixing.
- An electrolysis cell was assembled. A constant voltage is applied so that the PAS negative electrode is +20 mV, 0 mV, one 20 mV, one 50 mV, and one hundred mV with respect to the lithium reference electrode, and the time during which 300 mAhZg (lithium derived from the negative electrode) can be carried Measure Specified. Table 17 shows the results.
- a battery as shown in FIG. 1 was assembled.
- the separator 1 a polypropylene separator having a thickness of 25 m was used.
- the total amount of lithium with respect to the negative electrode pAS in the battery was 104 OmAhZg.
- Example 11 lithium metal (approximately 200 m) was adhered to the negative electrode PAS, and sandwiched between polypropylene plates having a thickness of 2 mm. Lithium derived from the negative electrode was supported in the electrolyte solution. When lithium metal was peeled off from the PAS negative electrode in about 40 minutes, 300 mAh Zg of lithium could be doped. It takes more time than when a negative voltage is applied.
- Example 11 the lithium derived from the negative electrode was carried on the negative electrode PAS by short-circuiting the lithium metal (about 200 zm) and the negative electrode PAS. In about 35 minutes, 30 OmA hZg of lithium could be doped. It takes more time than when a negative voltage is applied.
- a 0.5 mm thick phenolic resin molded plate was placed in a silicon electric furnace, heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at a rate of 10 ° C / Z, and heat-treated to 1000 ° C to obtain a carbonaceous material.
- the PAS plate thus obtained was pulverized with a disk mill to obtain a carbonaceous material powder having an average particle size of about 13.
- the HZC ratio was 0.02.
- the carbonaceous material was used as an electrode in the same manner as in Example 11, and lithium derived from the negative electrode was loaded with lithium in the same manner as in Example 11.
- the time required for loading was 50 minutes, and in the case of OmV, the time required for loading was 45 minutes.- 2 OmV, -5 OmV.
- Lithium metal was deposited. When left as it was, the lithium metal had disappeared after about 30 hours, but this is not practical as a method for supporting lithium derived from the negative electrode.
- Example 11 a battery similar to that of Example 11 was assembled using the negative electrode prepared at +2 OmV and evaluated. After three cycles, a large amount of lithium metal was placed on the negative electrode. Was precipitated.
- a 0.5 mm thick phenolic resin molded plate is placed in a silicon electric furnace, heated at a rate of 10 ° CZ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and heat-treated to 650 ° C-insoluble and infusible substrate (referred to as PAS) Was synthesized.
- PAS 650 ° C-insoluble and infusible substrate
- the PAS plate thus obtained was pulverized with a disk mill to obtain a PAS powder having an average particle size of about 15.
- HZCii was 0.22.
- L i C 00 2 manufactured by Strem Chemicals, Inc. 100 parts, against the graph eye bets 5 parts, 10 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride powder, N, solution 50 parts by weight were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of N- dimethylformamide ⁇ Mi de was sufficiently mixed to obtain a slurry.
- the slurry was coated on ⁇ Noremi foil having a thickness of 20 m using an applicator (positive electrode collector), dried, and pressed to obtain a positive electrode having a coated thickness of 280 m to LiCoO 2 on both sides.
- the battery was charged at a constant current of 0.25 mAZ cm 2 until the battery voltage reached 4.3 V, and then discharged at a constant current of 0.25 mA / cm 2 until the battery voltage reached 2.5 V. This cycle of 4.3 V to 2.5 V was repeated, and the third discharge was 169 mAh / cc when evaluated by volume capacity (mAh cc). As the volume standard, the total of the electrode volume, the separator volume, and the current collector volume was used.
- Lithium from the negative electrode, propylene carbonate and Jechirukabone Ichiboku 1: 1 (by weight) in a mixture the same method as in Example 1 except for using 1 molar solution of the L i PF 6 was dissolve in a concentration of ⁇ When the battery was assembled and the volume capacity was evaluated, it was 155 mAcc.
- the battery was assembled by the above method and the volume capacity was evaluated to be 167 mAhZcc.
- the example has a capacity about 10% higher than the comparative example.
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KR1019960701479A KR100280252B1 (ko) | 1993-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | 유기 전해질 전지 |
US08/619,489 US5750287A (en) | 1993-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Organic electrolytic cell |
EP94927083A EP0721230B1 (en) | 1993-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Organic electrolyte cell |
CA002172378A CA2172378C (en) | 1993-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Organic electrolytic cell |
DE69425330T DE69425330T2 (de) | 1993-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Organische elektrolytzelle |
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EP (1) | EP0721230B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100280252B1 (ja) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1998033227A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-07-30 | Kanebo Limited | Batterie electrolytique organique |
JP2002063892A (ja) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-02-28 | Kansai Research Institute | 非水系二次電池 |
US6740454B1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 2004-05-25 | Kanebo Limited | Organic electrolytic cell with a porous current collector |
WO2004059672A1 (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-15 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | 蓄電装置および蓄電装置の製造方法 |
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US6379843B1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2002-04-30 | Hitachi Maxwell, Ltd. | Nonaqueous secondary battery with lithium titanium cathode |
JP3877488B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-22 | 2007-02-07 | 三洋電機株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用電極の製造方法 |
WO2002082571A1 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-17 | Le Carbone Lorraine | Electrochemical cells and method of making the same |
JP4369129B2 (ja) | 2001-04-27 | 2009-11-18 | 太陽誘電株式会社 | 有機電解質電池 |
KR20140135777A (ko) * | 2012-05-31 | 2014-11-26 | 가부시끼가이샤 히다치 세이사꾸쇼 | 리튬 이온 이차전지 |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998033227A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-07-30 | Kanebo Limited | Batterie electrolytique organique |
EP0964468A1 (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1999-12-15 | Kanebo Ltd. | Organic electrolytic battery |
EP0964468A4 (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 2004-09-29 | Kanebo Ltd | ORGANIC ELECTROLYTIC BATTERY |
US6740454B1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 2004-05-25 | Kanebo Limited | Organic electrolytic cell with a porous current collector |
JP2002063892A (ja) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-02-28 | Kansai Research Institute | 非水系二次電池 |
WO2004059672A1 (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-15 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | 蓄電装置および蓄電装置の製造方法 |
JPWO2004059672A1 (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2006-05-11 | 富士重工業株式会社 | 蓄電装置および蓄電装置の製造方法 |
US8152865B2 (en) | 2002-12-26 | 2012-04-10 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrical storage device and manufacturing method of the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR960705378A (ko) | 1996-10-09 |
DE69425330T2 (de) | 2000-12-28 |
EP0721230A4 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
US5750287A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
DE69425330D1 (de) | 2000-08-24 |
EP0721230A1 (en) | 1996-07-10 |
EP0721230B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
KR100280252B1 (ko) | 2001-02-01 |
CA2172378C (en) | 2001-05-29 |
CA2172378A1 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
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